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SPLASH: A statistical, reference-free genomic algorithm unifies biological discovery. Cell 2023; 186:5440-5456.e26. [PMID: 38065078 PMCID: PMC10861363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Today's genomics workflows typically require alignment to a reference sequence, which limits discovery. We introduce a unifying paradigm, SPLASH (Statistically Primary aLignment Agnostic Sequence Homing), which directly analyzes raw sequencing data, using a statistical test to detect a signature of regulation: sample-specific sequence variation. SPLASH detects many types of variation and can be efficiently run at scale. We show that SPLASH identifies complex mutation patterns in SARS-CoV-2, discovers regulated RNA isoforms at the single-cell level, detects the vast sequence diversity of adaptive immune receptors, and uncovers biology in non-model organisms undocumented in their reference genomes: geographic and seasonal variation and diatom association in eelgrass, an oceanic plant impacted by climate change, and tissue-specific transcripts in octopus. SPLASH is a unifying approach to genomic analysis that enables expansive discovery without metadata or references.
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DIVE: a reference-free statistical approach to diversity-generating and mobile genetic element discovery. Genome Biol 2023; 24:240. [PMID: 37864197 PMCID: PMC10589994 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity-generating and mobile genetic elements are key to microbial and viral evolution and can result in evolutionary leaps. State-of-the-art algorithms to detect these elements have limitations. Here, we introduce DIVE, a new reference-free approach to overcome these limitations using information contained in sequencing reads alone. We show that DIVE has improved detection power compared to existing reference-based methods using simulations and real data. We use DIVE to rediscover and characterize the activity of known and novel elements and generate new biological hypotheses about the mobilome. Building on DIVE, we develop a reference-free framework capable of de novo discovery of mobile genetic elements.
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Intercellular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance at the Tumor-Stromal Interface Using Ultra High-Plex Single-Cell Spatial Transcriptomics and Genetically-Engineered Tumoroids. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S101-S102. [PMID: 37784270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) There is a major gap in knowledge regarding how intercellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediate therapeutic resistance. Achievement of this goal has been limited by a lack of (1) spatial context in dissociated single-cell methods; (2) single-cell resolution in spatial profiling approaches; (3) high quality data and yield with FFPE patient specimens; and (4) computational methods for ligand-receptor analyses that consider both gene expression and spatial coordinates. MATERIALS/METHODS We developed an innovative spatial biology paradigm that combines cutting-edge experimental and computational methods to enable high-resolution, spatially-guided discovery of critical mediators of therapeutic resistance. We applied this approach to dissect the single-cell spatial transcriptomic landscape of untreated vs. chemoradiotherapy-treated primary human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC; n = 21) using ultra-high plex spatial molecular imaging (SMI) optimized for high-sensitivity, subcellular detection of up to 6000 gene transcripts in FFPE sections-an order of magnitude greater than contemporary methods. RESULTS We recovered over 1,000,000 high-quality single cells in situ representing more than 20 distinct cell types, including epithelial, immune, endothelial, endocrine, and diverse stromal cells. We developed an optimal transport-based computational method to infer cell-cell communication at the cancer-stromal interface. Treatment with chemoradiotherapy was associated with the largest increase in fibroblast-malignant interactions. Comparing the SMI data with orthogonal single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and digital spatial profiling data, we identified CLCF1-CNTFR as the fibroblast-malignant interaction most associated with resistance to chemoradiotherapy in PDAC. CLCF1 is a gp130-family cytokine that activates Jak-STAT signaling and acts as a potent neurotrophic factor. Notably, the CLCF1-CNTRF (fibroblast-malignant) interaction has prominent pro-oncogenic effects in lung adenocarcinoma and an engineered CNTFR decoy receptor with therapeutic potential has been developed. To functionally validate the role of the CLCF1-CNTFR (fibroblast-malignant) interaction in mediating resistance to cytotoxic therapy, we created CRISPR-engineered cancer-fibroblast tumoroids and modulated expression of this ligand-receptor pair. Pancreatic cancer cell viability in the presence of 5-fluorouracil was better maintained with increased CLCF1-CNTFR signaling. CONCLUSION In this study, we integrated ultra high-plex single-cell spatial transcriptomics, optimal transport ligand-receptor predictions, and genetically-engineered stromal tumoroids to identify and validate CLCF1-CNTFR as an important intercellular mechanism of resistance to chemoradiotherapy in PDAC-pioneering a paradigm for translating single-cell spatial biology to clinical oncology.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Intratumoral Nerve Recruitment and Perineural Invasion Elucidated with Spatial Transcriptomics and CRISPR Activation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S21. [PMID: 37784453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Perineural invasion (PNI) is an aggressive manifestation of tumor-nerve interactions associated with postoperative recurrence, metastasis, pain, and decreased survival. Hence, PNI is included in the staging criteria of several malignancies and often an indication for treatment intensification using adjuvant radiotherapy. However, the diverse molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-nerve crosstalk remain largely unknown-hindering the development of new therapies targeting this key pathological process. Moreover, prior studies were limited by a lack of cell-type information, spatial context, and/or a fragmented focus on a small number of pathways. MATERIALS/METHODS Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as an exemplar given the exceptionally high frequency of PNI in this malignancy, we performed the first comprehensive, cell-type specific, and spatially resolved whole-transcriptome analysis of human PDAC to identify molecular mediators of tumor-nerve crosstalk and PNI. We constructed 12 custom tissue microarrays (TMAs) derived from matched malignant regions with and without tumor-nerve proximity (n = 288 cores). We performed whole-transcriptome digital spatial profiling (DSP) to independently determine mRNA abundance from the malignant, fibroblast, and nerve compartments through optical sectioning. RESULTS We mapped malignant subtypes we previously identified onto the spatial data and found strong (p<0.0001) positive nerve associations with the mesenchymal, basaloid, and neural-like progenitor subtypes and a negative nerve association with the classical subtype. Numerous genes expressed by malignant cells were enriched (e.g., MMP2, PLXND1, NRP1) or depleted (e.g., SEMA3B) in association with radial distance from nerves, including recapitulation of prior literature. To functionally explore these candidate mediators of tumor-nerve crosstalk, we derived genetically-engineered murine organoids (KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53FL/FL; Rosa26-dCas9-VPR) and transduced them with guide RNAs to overexpress subtype-specific transcription factors or candidate genes from the spatial analysis. We quantified (1) cancer cell invasion through extracellular matrix using cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons as the chemoattractant, and (2) the role of cancer-intrinsic signaling on nerve recruitment/outgrowth by applying conditioned media or exogenous proteins to cultured DRG sensory neurons and tracking their growth with live imaging. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the mechanisms enabling cancer cells to recruit nerves into the tumor microenvironment are distinct from those facilitating perineural invasion. This study has transformed our understanding of how cancer cells and the peripheral nervous system collaborate to promote tumor growth, survival, and dissemination, and is now guiding prioritization of therapeutic strategies that synergize with adjuvant radiotherapy in the burgeoning field of cancer neuroscience.
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[WITHDRAWN] SPLASH: a statistical, reference-free genomic algorithm unifies biological discovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549408. [PMID: 37503014 PMCID: PMC10370119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this manuscript due to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2022/497555. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. The correct preprint can be found at doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.24.497555.
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SPLASH: a statistical, reference-free genomic algorithm unifies biological discovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.06.24.497555. [PMID: 35794890 PMCID: PMC9258296 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.24.497555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Today's genomics workflows typically require alignment to a reference sequence, which limits discovery. We introduce a new unifying paradigm, SPLASH (Statistically Primary aLignment Agnostic Sequence Homing), an approach that directly analyzes raw sequencing data to detect a signature of regulation: sample-specific sequence variation. The approach, which includes a new statistical test, is computationally efficient and can be run at scale. SPLASH unifies detection of myriad forms of sequence variation. We demonstrate that SPLASH identifies complex mutation patterns in SARS-CoV-2 strains, discovers regulated RNA isoforms at the single cell level, documents the vast sequence diversity of adaptive immune receptors, and uncovers biology in non-model organisms undocumented in their reference genomes: geographic and seasonal variation and diatom association in eelgrass, an oceanic plant impacted by climate change, and tissue-specific transcripts in octopus. SPLASH is a new unifying approach to genomic analysis that enables an expansive scope of discovery without metadata or references.
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Cause-specific mortality among patients with cirrhosis in a population-based cohort study in Ontario (2000-2017). Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00194. [PMID: 37378630 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of death, the exact causes of death have not been reported in the contemporary era. This study aimed to describe cause-specific mortality in patients with cirrhosis in the general population. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada. Adult patients with cirrhosis from 2000-2017 were identified. Cirrhosis etiologies were defined as HCV, HBV, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), NAFLD, or autoimmune liver disease/other with validated algorithms. Patients were followed until death, liver transplant, or end of study. Primary outcome was the cause of death as liver-related, cardiovascular disease, non-hepatic malignancy, and external causes (accident/self-harm/suicide/homicide). Nonparametric analyses were used to describe the cumulative incidence of cause-specific death by cirrhosis etiology, sex, and compensation status. RESULTS Overall, 202,022 patients with cirrhosis were identified (60% male, median age 56 y (IQR 46-67), 52% NAFLD, 26% alcohol-associated liver disease, 11% HCV). After a median follow-up of 5 years (IQR 2-12), 81,428 patients died, and 3024 (2%) received liver transplant . Patients with compensated cirrhosis mostly died from non-hepatic malignancies and cardiovascular disease (30% and 27%, respectively, in NAFLD). The 10-year cumulative incidence of liver-related deaths was the highest among those with viral hepatitis (11%-18%) and alcohol-associated liver disease (25%), those with decompensation (37%) and/or HCC (50%-53%). Liver transplant occurred at low rates (< 5%), and in men more than women. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular disease and cancer-related mortality exceed liver-related mortality in patients with compensated cirrhosis.
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Therapy-associated remodeling of pancreatic cancer revealed by single-cell spatial transcriptomics and optimal transport analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546848. [PMID: 37425692 PMCID: PMC10327107 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In combination with cell intrinsic properties, interactions in the tumor microenvironment modulate therapeutic response. We leveraged high-plex single-cell spatial transcriptomics to dissect the remodeling of multicellular neighborhoods and cell-cell interactions in human pancreatic cancer associated with specific malignant subtypes and neoadjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy. We developed Spatially Constrained Optimal Transport Interaction Analysis (SCOTIA), an optimal transport model with a cost function that includes both spatial distance and ligand-receptor gene expression. Our results uncovered a marked change in ligand-receptor interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts and malignant cells in response to treatment, which was supported by orthogonal datasets, including an ex vivo tumoroid co-culture system. Overall, this study demonstrates that characterization of the tumor microenvironment using high-plex single-cell spatial transcriptomics allows for identification of molecular interactions that may play a role in the emergence of chemoresistance and establishes a translational spatial biology paradigm that can be broadly applied to other malignancies, diseases, and treatments.
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Abstract 2513: Distinct cancer-intrinsic mechanisms mediate nerve recruitment/outgrowth versus perineural invasion. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features abundant perineural invasion (PNI). Intra-tumoral nerves play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, recurrence, treatment-resistance, metastasis, and mortality for many malignancies but the diverse molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-nerve crosstalk remain largely unknown—hindering the development of therapies targeting this key pathological process. To address this gap, we performed whole transcriptome digital spatial profiling on twelve custom tissue microarrays (n=288 cores) derived from intratumorally-matched regions with and without PNI in primary PDAC specimens (n=31 patients) and independently measured gene expression from cancer cells, fibroblasts, and nerves. We undertook a differential gene expression analysis comparing malignant cells in PNI-present and -absent regions. We quantified the growth kinetics of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons cultured with exogenous candidate proteins, which validated that some candidates augment (e.g., Lgals1) and others inhibit (e.g., Sema3b) neurite outgrowth. Next, we mapped our previously discovered malignant cell programs onto the epithelial segments and observed a significant enrichment of the mesenchymal, basal-like, and neural-like progenitor (NRP) programs versus depletion of the classical program in PNI-present regions. To determine the effects of malignant subtype on nerve outgrowth, we engineered isogenic KrasG12D/+;Trp53FL/FL;Rosa26-dCas9-VPR (KP;dCas9-VPR) organoids to overexpress the master transcription factors (TFs) for each malignant subtype (e.g., Gata6 for classical, Glis3 for NRP). We then performed the DRG neuronal outgrowth assay using conditioned media from each subtype-specific organoid line versus an off-target control and observed that the classical line suppressed neurite outgrowth, the mesenchymal and basal-like lines were neutral, and the NRP line enhanced neurite outgrowth dynamics comparable to the Ngf positive control. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying nerve recruitment/outgrowth and perineural invasion may be partly decoupled. To further test this hypothesis, we are performing transwell invasion assays comparing KP;dCas9-VPR cancer cell lines that overexpress each of the candidate PNI-associated genes and malignant subtype TFs. We anticipate that this study will transform our understanding of how cancer cells and the peripheral nervous system collaborate and guide prioritization for therapeutic intervention in the burgeoning cancer neuroscience field.
Citation Format: William L. Hwang, Jennifer Su, Carina Shiau, Peter L. Wang, Jimmy A. Guo, Nicole A. Lester, Jaimie L. Barth, Hannah I. Hoffman, Prajan Divakar, Jason W. Reeves, Eric Miller, Joseph M. Beechem, Andrew J. Aguirre, Lei Zheng, David T. Ting, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Tyler Jacks. Distinct cancer-intrinsic mechanisms mediate nerve recruitment/outgrowth versus perineural invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2513.
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A TRPV4-dependent neuroimmune axis in the spinal cord promotes neuropathic pain. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161507. [PMID: 36701202 PMCID: PMC9974096 DOI: 10.1172/jci161507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident macrophages of the CNS, are essential to brain development, homeostasis, and disease. Microglial activation and proliferation are hallmarks of many CNS diseases, including neuropathic pain. However, molecular mechanisms that govern the spinal neuroimmune axis in the setting of neuropathic pain remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that genetic ablation or pharmacological blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) markedly attenuated neuropathic pain-like behaviors in a mouse model of spared nerve injury. Mechanistically, microglia-expressed TRPV4 mediated microglial activation and proliferation and promoted functional and structural plasticity of excitatory spinal neurons through release of lipocalin-2. Our results suggest that microglial TRPV4 channels reside at the center of the neuroimmune axis in the spinal cord, which transforms peripheral nerve injury into central sensitization and neuropathic pain, thereby identifying TRPV4 as a potential new target for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159800. [PMID: 36287209 PMCID: PMC9711884 DOI: 10.1172/jci159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon loss contributes to many common neurodegenerative disorders. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of programmed axon degeneration. We identified 2 rare NMNAT2 missense variants in 2 brothers afflicted with a progressive neuropathy syndrome. The polymorphisms resulted in amino acid substitutions V98M and R232Q, which reduced NMNAT2 NAD+-synthetase activity. We generated a mouse model to mirror the human syndrome and found that Nmnat2V98M/R232Q compound-heterozygous CRISPR mice survived to adulthood but developed progressive motor dysfunction, peripheral axon loss, and macrophage infiltration. These disease phenotypes were all SARM1-dependent. Remarkably, macrophage depletion therapy blocked and reversed neuropathic phenotypes in Nmnat2V98M/R232Q mice, identifying a SARM1-dependent neuroimmune mechanism as a key driver of disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that SARM1 induced inflammatory neuropathy and highlight the potential of immune therapy as a treatment for this rare syndrome and other neurodegenerative conditions associated with NMNAT2 loss and SARM1 activation.
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Features of fibrosis regression abound in “non-cirrhotic” patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267474. [PMID: 35552548 PMCID: PMC9098014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, many surgically resected HCCs are presumably non-cirrhotic. The dynamic nature of chronic liver disease leads to periods of hepatic repair and fibrosis regression. We hypothesize that most resected HCCs, including those from non-cirrhotic patients, exhibit features of fibrosis regression in their background liver, suggesting previously more advanced liver disease. We reviewed the histology of 37 HCC resections performed between 2005–2020, including 30 from non-cirrhotic patients. The non-neoplastic liver was evaluated for features of liver disease and of the hepatic repair complex (HRC). CD34 immunohistochemistry was performed as a marker of sinusoidal capillarization. CD34 staining was evaluated manually and also by a digital image classifier algorithm. Overall, 28 cases (76%) had a high number of fibrosis regression and hepatic repair features (≥4 out of 8 features). Amongst the 30 non-cirrhotic patients, 21 (70%) showed a high number of repair features. Relative CD34 expression was increased in cases with a high number (≥4) of HRC features versus a low number (≤3) of features (p = 0.019). High HRC cases were more likely to exhibit nodular circumferential CD34 staining (p = 0.019). Our findings suggest that most resected HCC from non-cirrhotic patients display features of fibrosis regression in their background liver. Thus many, if not most, HCC patients who are “non-cirrhotic” may in fact have regressed cirrhosis. This finding reinforces that patients with regressed cirrhosis continue to be at high risk for HCC.
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Disentangling glial diversity in peripheral nerves at single-nuclei resolution. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:238-251. [PMID: 35115729 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nerve contains diverse cell types that support its proper function and maintenance. In this study, we analyzed multiple peripheral nerves using single-nuclei RNA sequencing, which allowed us to circumvent difficulties encountered in analyzing cells with complex morphologies via conventional single-cell methods. The resultant mouse peripheral nerve cell atlas highlights a diversity of cell types, including multiple subtypes of Schwann cells (SCs), immune cells and stromal cells. We identified a distinct myelinating SC subtype that expresses Cldn14, Adamtsl1 and Pmp2 and preferentially ensheathes motor axons. The number of these motor-associated Pmp2+ SCs is reduced in both an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) SOD1G93A mouse model and human ALS nerve samples. Our findings reveal the diversity of SCs and other cell types in peripheral nerve and serve as a reference for future studies of nerve biology and disease.
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Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Recovery From Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Population-Based Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 80:55-64.e1. [PMID: 34808296 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE The decision to initiate kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis remains controversial as it is unclear which patients will benefit. We sought to characterize factors associated with recovery from AKI requiring KRT in patients with cirrhosis to inform shared clinical decision-making. STUDY DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Adult patients from Ontario, Canada identified, using administrative data, to have cirrhosis at the time of admission to hospital with AKI (based on serum creatinine) requiring KRT (01/01/2009-12/31/2016) and followed until 12/31/2017. EXPOSURES Demographics and comorbidities prior to admission. OUTCOMES Kidney recovery defined as the absence of KRT for at least 30 days. ANALYTICAL APPROACH The cumulative incidences of kidney recovery, death, and liver transplantation were calculated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and independent predictors of kidney recovery were evaluated using Fine and Gray competing risk regression models that generated subdistribution hazards ratios (sHR). RESULTS Overall, 722 patients were included (median age 61 years [IQR 54-68]; MELD-Na 26 [IQR 22-34]; 66% male; 52% had viral hepatitis, 25% non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 18% alcohol-associated liver disease). The cumulative incidences of kidney recovery at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 3%, 22%, 25%, and 26%, respectively. Higher MELD-Na score (sHR 0.72 per 5 units, 95%CI 0.65-0.80), acute-on-chronic liver failure (sHR 0.61, 95%CI 0.43-0.86), and sepsis (sHR 0.57, 95%CI 0.41-0.81) were associated with a lower hazard of kidney recovery while those on a liver transplant waitlist (sHR 3.10, 95% CI 1.96-4.88) and who were admitted to a teaching hospital (sHR 1.48, 95%CI 1.05-2.08) were more likely to experience kidney recovery. LIMITATIONS Observational design, AKI etiology not identified. CONCLUSIONS Kidney recovery from KRT occurred in only one-quarter of patients and was very unlikely after 3-months. These findings provide information regarding prognosis that may guide decisions regarding KRT initiation and continuation.
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Bears, beets, rifaximin. CANADIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021; 4:438-442. [DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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RNA splicing programs define tissue compartments and cell types at single-cell resolution. eLife 2021; 10:e70692. [PMID: 34515025 PMCID: PMC8563012 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent splicing is regulated at single-cell resolution has remained controversial due to both available data and methods to interpret it. We apply the SpliZ, a new statistical approach, to detect cell-type-specific splicing in >110K cells from 12 human tissues. Using 10X Chromium data for discovery, 9.1% of genes with computable SpliZ scores are cell-type-specifically spliced, including ubiquitously expressed genes MYL6 and RPS24. These results are validated with RNA FISH, single-cell PCR, and Smart-seq2. SpliZ analysis reveals 170 genes with regulated splicing during human spermatogenesis, including examples conserved in mouse and mouse lemur. The SpliZ allows model-based identification of subpopulations indistinguishable based on gene expression, illustrated by subpopulation-specific splicing of classical monocytes involving an ultraconserved exon in SAT1. Together, this analysis of differential splicing across multiple organs establishes that splicing is regulated cell-type-specifically.
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Tertiary lymphoid organs drive disrupted gut to lymph node communication through association with collecting lymphatic vessels. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The concept that impaired lymphatic flow during the progression of Crohn’s disease, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease, emerged decades ago, but remains unresolved. In Crohn’s disease, tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are associated with collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) of the mesentery that govern lymph outflow from the intestine. Whether TLOs affect lymph transport is unknown. In the TNFDARE mouse model of Crohn’s-like ileitis, TLOs formed at valve regions which supported lymphangiogenic outgrowths to the TLOs. Photoconversion approaches to study cell trafficking indicated that TLOs received immune cells traveling from the intestine but scarcely allowed their egress, effectively trapping DCs, B, and T cells. Using adoptive transfer of microbiota-dependent TCR we found reduced overall Tregs differentiation and their presence shifted from the lymph nodes to TLOs, altering intestinal-induced responses. Strikingly, although anti-TNF therapy dampens gut inflammation, TLO are refractory the therapy. Moreover, passage of soluble fluorescent tracer through TLO-rich CLVs was also impeded, indicating transport defects were intrinsic to the CLVs. Indeed, lymph flow diverted at TLO to neighboring CLV branches, where dysfunctional valves allowed lymph return to the gut wall, accompanied by lymph leakage at the TLOs. Culturing lymphatic endothelial cells with TNF demonstrate that the cytokine alone can reduce key genes found in lymphatic valves. These data indicate that TNF disrupts lymphatic valve maintenance pathways, promoting formation of mesenteric TLOs that broadly impair lymph transit of molecules and cells from the intestine, impairing immune surveillance of the mucosal barrier, altering homeostasis.
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Spectrally accurate quantitative analysis of isotope-labeled compounds. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021:e9103. [PMID: 33847420 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calculated profile mode mass spectrometry (MS) data are fitted to lineshape-calibrated liquid chromatography LC/MS data using a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to quantitate the relative concentrations of stable or radiolabeled compound mixtures. This alternative approach significantly improves the precision and accuracy over existing MS methods while providing the much-needed statistical diagnostics on the goodness-of-fit model and thus reliability of the quantitative results obtained. Test compound data containing S/Cl atoms have been measured with either stable deuterium labeling or radioisotope uniform 14 C labeling onto an aromatic ring. Since the entire relative distribution of variously labeled compounds is automatically obtained through this approach, it is feasible to directly calculate the Specific Activity (SA) from such mass spectral analysis without radioactivity detection and the usual standard curve quantitation. The applicability of this approach to systematically and accurately accommodate and account for incomplete labeling chemistry or other impurities is also discussed, with wide-ranging implications including metabolic flux, HDX (Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange), and quantitative proteomics.
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Sensory Nerves Regulate Transcriptional Dynamics of Lymph Node Cells. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:180-182. [PMID: 33563563 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system plays important roles in homeostasis and inflammatory responses in tissues. However, the regulation of lymph nodes (LN) by nerves remains largely unknown. Huang et al. demonstrate that LNs are innervated by unique peptidergic nociceptors that signal to various endothelial, stromal, and immune cell types in LNs.
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Recent developments in filtration media and respirator technology in response to COVID-19. MRS BULLETIN 2021; 46:822-831. [PMID: 34539059 PMCID: PMC8442655 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for N95 or equivalent respirators that the global supply chain was unable to satisfy. This shortage in critical equipment has inspired research that addresses the immediate problems and has accelerated the development of the next-generation filtration media and respirators. This article provides a brief review of the most recent work with regard to face respirators and filtration media. We discuss filtration efficiency of the widely utilized cloth masks. Next, the sterilization of and reuse of existing N95 respirators to extend the existing stockpile is discussed. To expand near-term supplies, optimization of current manufacturing methods, such as melt-blown processes and electrospinning, has been explored. Future manufacturing methods have been investigated to address long-term supply shortages. Novel materials with antiviral and sterilizable properties with the ability for multiple reuses have been developed and will contribute to the development of the next generation of longer lasting multi-use N95 respirators. Finally, additively manufactured respirators are reviewed, which enable a rapidly deployable source of reusable respirators that can use any filtration fabric.
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Mechanical versus manual chest compressions for cardiac arrest. EMERGENCIAS : REVISTA DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA DE EMERGENCIAS 2020; 32:365-366. [PMID: 33006839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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23
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Determination of Strong-Phase Parameters in D→K_{S,L}^{0}π^{+}π^{-}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:241802. [PMID: 32639796 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.241802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the most precise measurements to date of the strong-phase parameters between D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} decays to K_{S,L}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} using a sample of 2.93 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. Our results provide the key inputs for a binned model-independent determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle γ/ϕ_{3} with B decays. Using our results, the decay model sensitivity to the γ/ϕ_{3} measurement is expected to be between 0.7° and 1.2°, approximately a factor of three smaller than that achievable with previous measurements, based on the studies of the simulated data. The improved precision of this work ensures that measurements of γ/ϕ_{3} will not be limited by knowledge of strong phases for the next decade. Furthermore, our results provide critical input for other flavor-physics investigations, including charm mixing, other measurements of CP violation, and the measurement of strong-phase parameters for other D-decay modes.
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Observation of a Resonant Structure in e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:112001. [PMID: 32242687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A partial-wave analysis is performed for the process e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0} at the center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.000 to 2.644 GeV. The data samples of e^{+}e^{-} collisions, collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider with a total integrated luminosity of 300 pb^{-1}, are analyzed. The total Born cross sections for the process e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0}, as well as the Born cross sections for the subprocesses e^{+}e^{-}→ϕπ^{0}π^{0}, K^{+}(1460)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1400)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-}, and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892), are measured versus the center-of-mass energy. The corresponding results for e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0} and ϕπ^{0}π^{0} are consistent with those of BABAR with better precision. By analyzing the cross sections for the four subprocesses, K^{+}(1460)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1400)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-}, and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892), a structure with mass M=(2126.5±16.8±12.4) MeV/c^{2} and width Γ=(106.9±32.1±28.1) MeV is observed with an overall statistical significance of 6.3σ, although with very limited significance in the subprocesses e^{+}e^{-}→K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-} and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892). The resonant parameters of the observed structure suggest it can be identified with the ϕ(2170), thus the results provide valuable input to the internal nature of the ϕ(2170).
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Measurement of Proton Electromagnetic Form Factors in e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] in the Energy Region 2.00-3.08 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:042001. [PMID: 32058790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points (sqrt[s]) from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV, exploiting 688.5 pb^{-1} of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section (σ_{pp[over ¯]}) of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is measured with the energy-scan technique and it is found to be consistent with previously published data, but with much improved accuracy. In addition, the electromagnetic form-factor ratio (|G_{E}/G_{M}|) and the value of the effective (|G_{eff}|), electric (|G_{E}|), and magnetic (|G_{M}|) form factors are measured by studying the helicity angle of the proton at 16 center-of-mass energy points. |G_{E}/G_{M}| and |G_{M}| are determined with high accuracy, providing uncertainties comparable to data in the spacelike region, and |G_{E}| is measured for the first time. We reach unprecedented accuracy, and precision results in the timelike region provide information to improve our understanding of the proton inner structure and to test theoretical models which depend on nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics.
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Measurement of the Cross Section for e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} and Observation of an Excited Ξ Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:032002. [PMID: 32031834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.032002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using a total of 11.0 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.009 and 4.6 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we measure fifteen exclusive cross sections and effective form factors for the process e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} by means of a single baryon-tag method. After performing a fit to the dressed cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, no significant ψ(4230) or ψ(4260) resonance is observed in the Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} final states, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on Γ_{ee}B for the processes ψ(4230)/ψ(4260)→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} are determined. In addition, an excited Ξ baryon at 1820 MeV/c^{2} is observed with a statistical significance of 6.2-6.5σ by including the systematic uncertainty, and the mass and width are measured to be M=(1825.5±4.7±4.7) MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(17.0±15.0±7.9) MeV, which confirms the existence of the J^{P}=3/2^{-} state Ξ(1820).
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Addressing the global cirrhosis epidemic: one size will not fit all. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:230-231. [PMID: 31981522 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Observation of the Semileptonic D^{+} Decay into the K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0} Axial-Vector Meson. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:231801. [PMID: 31868427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing a 2.93 fb^{-1} data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions, recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the semileptonic D^{+} transition into the axial-vector meson D^{+}→K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} with a statistical significance greater than 10σ. Its decay branching fraction is determined to be B[D^{+}→K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]=(2.30±0.26_{-0.21}^{+0.18}±0.25)×10^{-3}, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third originates from the input branching fraction of K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{0}.
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Observation of the Leptonic Decay D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:211802. [PMID: 31809130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.211802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ} with a significance of 5.1σ. We measure B(D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ})=(1.20±0.24_{stat}±0.12_{syst})×10^{-3}. Taking the world average B(D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ})=(3.74±0.17)×10^{-4}, we obtain R_{τ/μ}=Γ(D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ})/Γ(D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ})=3.21±0.64_{stat}±0.43_{syst}., which is consistent with the standard model expectation of lepton flavor universality. Using external inputs, our results give values for the D^{+} decay constant f_{D^{+}} and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cd}| that are consistent with, but less precise than, other determinations.
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Complete Measurement of the Λ Electromagnetic Form Factors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:122003. [PMID: 31633986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→ΛΛ[over ¯], with Λ→pπ^{-} and Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]π^{+}, has been studied at sqrt[s]=2.396 GeV for measurement of the timelike Λ electric and magnetic form factors, G_{E} and G_{M}. A data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 66.9 pb^{-1}, was collected with the BESIII detector for this purpose. A multidimensional analysis with a complete decomposition of the spin structure of the reaction enables a determination of the modulus of the ratio R=|G_{E}/G_{M}| and, for the first time for any baryon, the relative phase ΔΦ=Φ_{E}-Φ_{M}. The resulting values are R=0.96±0.14(stat)±0.02(syst) and ΔΦ=37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst), respectively. These are obtained using the recently established and most precise value of the asymmetry parameter α_{Λ}=0.750±0.010 measured by BESIII. In addition, the cross section is measured with unprecedented precision to be σ=118.7±5.3(stat)±5.1(syst) pb, which corresponds to an effective form factor of |G|=0.123±0.003(stat)±0.003(syst). The contribution from two-photon exchange is found to be negligible. Our result enables the first complete determination of baryon timelike electromagnetic form factors.
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Amplitude Analysis of D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η and First Observation of the W-Annihilation Dominant Decays D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+}π^{0} and D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}π^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:112001. [PMID: 31573268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the first amplitude analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η. We use an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. We observe for the first time the W-annihilation dominant decays D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+}π^{0} and D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}π^{+}. We measure the absolute branching fraction B(D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+(0)}π^{0^{(}+)},a_{0}(980)^{+(0)}→π^{+(0)}η)=(1.46±0.15_{stat}±0.23_{sys})%, which is larger than the branching fractions of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, we measure the branching fraction of D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η with significantly improved precision.
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[Current social support and social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan province]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:800-804. [PMID: 31357802 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the status quo of social support for and social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan province, analyze the relationship between social support and social adaptation, and provide reference for improving the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to select HIV/AIDS patients in high HIV prevalence areas (Shangcai, Shenqiu), middle epidemic areas (Queshan, Yongcheng), low prevalence areas (Jiyuan, Sanmenxia) in Henan province. A social support scale was used to investigate the three dimensions of objective support, subjective support and support utilization. A social adaptation scale was used to investigate the three dimensions of patient cognitive willingness, social interaction and role adaptation. Finally, the characteristics of the social support, social adaptation and their relationships were analyzed. Results: The overall score of 506 HIV/AIDS patients' social support was 36.30±9.34, the score of objective support was 7.48±3.01, the score of subjective support was 22.35±5.79, and the score of support utilization was 6.28±2.38, the overall score and the scores of three dimensions of social support of HIV/AIDS patients were lower than the national levels, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The overall score of patients' social adaptation was39.10±7.10, the score of cognitive willingness was 9.96±3.23, the score of social interaction was 18.57±3.25, and the score of role adaptation was 10.57±2.52. The average score of social adaptation of patients was less than 2/3 of the overall score, and the average cognitive willingness score was less than 1/2 of the overall score. The differences in social support score and social adaptation score among patients with different gender, age, marital status, occupation, transmission route, number of symptoms were statistically significant (P<0.05). For the HIV/AIDS patients, there was a correlation between the social support and the social adaptation (r=0.14, P<0.05). Conclusion: HIV/AIDS patients had a low level of social support and social adaptation, and social support might be a contributing factor to the social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients.
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Study of e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ and Observation of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:232002. [PMID: 31298909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ process using 11.6 fb^{-1} e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data taken at center-of-mass energies from sqrt[s]=4.008 GeV to 4.600 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. The X(3872) resonance is observed for the first time in the ωJ/ψ system with a significance of more than 5σ. The relative decay ratio of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ is measured to be R=1.6_{-0.3}^{+0.4}±0.2, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic (the same hereafter). The sqrt[s]-dependent cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) is also measured and investigated, and it can be described by a single Breit-Wigner resonance, referred to as the Y(4200), with a mass of 4200.6_{-13.3}^{+7.9}±3.0 MeV/c^{2} and a width of 115_{-26}^{+38}±12 MeV. In addition, to describe the ωJ/ψ mass distribution above 3.9 GeV/c^{2}, we need at least one additional Breit-Wigner resonance, labeled as X(3915), in the fit. The mass and width of the X(3915) are determined. The resonant parameters of the X(3915) agree with those of the Y(3940) in B→KωJ/ψ and of the X(3915) in γγ→ωJ/ψ observed by the Belle and BABAR experiments within errors.
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Observation of the Decay X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}(1P). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:202001. [PMID: 31172749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a total of 9.0 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV collected by the BESIII detector, we search for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{cJ} for J=0, 1, 2. We report the first observation of X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}, a new decay mode of the X(3872), with a statistical significance of more than 5σ for all systematic fit variations. Normalizing to the previously established process e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ, we find B(X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1})/B(X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ)=0.88_{-0.27}^{+0.33}±0.10, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding ratios for the decays to π^{0}χ_{c0} and π^{0}χ_{c2} of 19 and 1.1, respectively.
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Precision Measurement of the Branching Fractions of η^{'} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:142002. [PMID: 31050481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on a sample of (1310.6±7.0)×10^{6}J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, we present measurements of J/ψ and η^{'} absolute branching fractions using the process J/ψ→γη^{'}. By analyzing events where the radiative photon converts into an e^{+}e^{-} pair, the branching fraction for J/ψ→γη^{'} is measured to be (5.27±0.03±0.05)×10^{-3}. The absolute branching fractions of the five dominant decay channels of the η^{'} are then measured for the first time and are determined to be B(η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-})=(29.90±0.03±0.55)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{+}π^{-})=(41.24±0.08±1.24)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0})=(21.36±0.10±0.92)%, B(η^{'}→γω)=(2.489±0.018±0.074)%, and B(η^{'}→γγ)=(2.331±0.012±0.035)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
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Measurement of the Dynamics of the Decays D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:121801. [PMID: 30978074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fractions B_{D_{s}^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}=(2.323±0.063_{stat}±0.063_{syst})% and B_{D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}e^{+}ν_{e}}=(0.824±0.073_{stat}±0.027_{syst})% via a tagged analysis technique, where one D_{s} is fully reconstructed in a hadronic mode. Combining these measurements with previous BESIII measurements of B_{D^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e}}, the η-η^{'} mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be ϕ_{P}=(40.1±2.1_{stat}±0.7_{syst})°. From the first measurements of the dynamics of D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e} decays, the products of the hadronic form factors f_{+}^{η^{(')}}(0) and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| are determined with different form factor parametrizations. For the two-parameter series expansion, the results are f_{+}^{η}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.4455±0.0053_{stat}±0.0044_{syst} and f_{+}^{η^{'}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.477±0.049_{stat}±0.011_{syst}.
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[Problems for the conversion therapy in advanced gastric cancer]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2019; 41:163-167. [PMID: 30917448 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a poor prognosis, which remains the clinical concerned hot topic. The main previous treatments for advanced gastric cancer were adjuvant chemotherapy and palliative surgery, however, the application of conversion therapy has improved the survival in recent years. There are still many problems and challenges for conversion therapy because of its initial stage, such as the definition of advanced gastric cancer and conversion therapy, the selection of suitable population for conversion therapy, and the role of surgery in conversion therapy. Precision medicine will be applied to conversion therapy for advanced gastric cancer in the future, which would benefit more patients.
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Evidence of a Resonant Structure in the e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} Cross Section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:102002. [PMID: 30932669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} for center-of-mass energies from 4.05 to 4.60 GeV is measured precisely using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two enhancements are clearly visible in the cross section around 4.23 and 4.40 GeV. Using several models to describe the dressed cross section yields stable parameters for the first enhancement, which has a mass of 4228.6±4.1±6.3 MeV/c^{2} and a width of 77.0±6.8±6.3 MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Our resonant mass is consistent with previous observations of the Y(4220) state and the theoretical prediction of a DD[over ¯]_{1}(2420) molecule. This result is the first observation of Y(4220) associated with an open-charm final state. Fits with three resonance functions with additional Y(4260), Y(4320), Y(4360), ψ(4415), or a new resonance do not show significant contributions from either of these resonances. The second enhancement is not from a single known resonance. It could contain contributions from ψ(4415) and other resonances, and a detailed amplitude analysis is required to better understand this enhancement.
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Determination of the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant f_{D_{s}^{+}} via D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:071802. [PMID: 30848637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a 3.19 fb^{-1} data sample collected at an e^{+}e^{-} center-of-mass energy of E_{cm}=4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fraction of the leptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ} to be B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(5.49±0.16_{stat}±0.15_{syst})×10^{-3}. Combining our branching fraction with the masses of the D_{s}^{+} and μ^{+} and the lifetime of the D_{s}^{+}, we determine f_{D_{s}^{+}}|V_{cs}|=246.2±3.6_{stat}±3.5_{syst} MeV. Using the c→s quark mixing matrix element |V_{cs}| determined from a global standard model fit, we evaluate the D_{s}^{+} decay constant f_{D_{s}^{+}}=252.9±3.7_{stat}±3.6_{syst} MeV. Alternatively, using the value of f_{D_{s}^{+}} calculated by lattice quantum chromodynamics, we find |V_{cs}|=0.985±0.014_{stat}±0.014_{syst}. These values of B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}, f_{D_{s}^{+}}|V_{cs}|, f_{D_{s}^{+}} and |V_{cs}| are each the most precise results to date.
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First Measurement of the Form Factors in D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} and D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:061801. [PMID: 30822077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on new measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed semileptonic D_{s}^{+} decays using 3.19 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. Our results include branching fractions B(D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})=[3.25±0.38(stat)±0.16(syst)]×10^{-3} and B(D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e})=[2.37±0.26(stat)±0.20(syst)]×10^{-3}, which are much improved relative to previous measurements, and the first measurements of the hadronic form-factor parameters for these decays. For D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}, we obtain f_{+}(0)=0.720±0.084(stat)±0.013(syst), and for D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e}, we find form-factor ratios r_{V}=V(0)/A_{1}(0)=1.67±0.34(stat)±0.16(syst) and r_{2}=A_{2}(0)/A_{1}(0)=0.77±0.28(stat)±0.07(syst).
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Observation of D^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e} and Improved Measurements of D→ρe^{+}ν_{e}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:062001. [PMID: 30822062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^{-1} recorded by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we present an analysis of the decays D^{0}→π^{-}π^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} and D^{+}→π^{-}π^{+}e^{+}ν_{e}. By performing a partial wave analysis, the π^{+}π^{-} S-wave contribution to D^{+}→π^{-}π^{+}e^{+}ν_{e} is observed to be (25.7±1.6±1.1)% with a statistical significance greater than 10σ, besides the dominant P-wave contribution. This is the first observation of the S-wave contribution. We measure the branching fractions B(D^{0}→ρ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})=(1.445±0.058±0.039)×10^{-3}, B(D^{+}→ρ^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})=(1.860±0.070±0.061)×10^{-3}, and B(D^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e},f_{0}(500)→π^{+}π^{-})=(6.30±0.43±0.32)×10^{-4}. An upper limit of B(D^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e},f_{0}(980)→π^{+}π^{-})<2.8×10^{-5} is set at the 90% confidence level. We also obtain the hadronic form factor ratios of D→ρe^{+}ν_{e} at q^{2}=0 assuming the single-pole dominance parametrization: r_{V}={[V(0)]/[A_{1}(0)]}=1.695±0.083±0.051, r_{2}={[A_{2}(0)]/[A_{1}(0)]}=0.845±0.056±0.039.
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Study of the D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Dynamics and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D^{0}→K^{-}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:011804. [PMID: 31012671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.011804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data of 2.93 fb^{-1} collected at center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} with significantly improved precision: B_{D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(3.413±0.019_{stat}±0.035_{syst})%. Combining with our previous measurement of B_{D^{0}→K^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be B_{D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{0}→K^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.974±0.007_{stat}±0.012_{syst}, which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within the uncertainty. A study of the ratio of the two branching fractions in different four-momentum transfer regions is also performed, and no evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found with current statistics. Taking inputs from global fit in the standard model and lattice quantum chromodynamics separately, we determine f_{+}^{K}(0)=0.7327±0.0039_{stat}±0.0030_{syst} and |V_{cs}|=0.955±0.005_{stat}±0.004_{syst}±0.024_{LQCD}.
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Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of the Inclusive Semileptonic Λ_{c}^{+} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:251801. [PMID: 30608802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.251801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive semileptonic Λ_{c}^{+} decay with a double-tag method. We obtain B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Xe^{+}ν_{e})=(3.95±0.34±0.09)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using the known Λ_{c}^{+} lifetime and the charge-averaged semileptonic decay width of nonstrange charmed mesons (D^{0} and D^{+}), we obtain the ratio of the inclusive semileptonic decay widths Γ(Λ_{c}^{+}→Xe^{+}ν_{e})/Γ[over ¯](D→Xe^{+}ν_{e})=1.26±0.12.
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Measurement of the Branching Fraction For the Semileptonic Decay D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}μ^{+}ν_{μ} and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:171803. [PMID: 30411926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.171803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^{-1} taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we perform an analysis of the semileptonic decays D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}μ^{+}ν_{μ}. The branching fractions of D^{0}→π^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} and D^{+}→π^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ} are measured to be (0.272±0.008_{stat}±0.006_{syst})% and (0.350±0.011_{stat}±0.010_{syst})%, respectively, where the former is of much improved precision compared to previous results and the latter is determined for the first time. Using these results along with previous BESIII measurements of D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}e^{+}ν_{e}, we calculate the branching fraction ratios to be R^{0}≡B_{D^{0}→π^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{0}→π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.922±0.030_{stat}±0.022_{syst} and R^{+}≡B_{D^{+}→π^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{+}→π^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.964±0.037_{stat}±0.026_{syst}, which are compatible with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within 1.7σ and 0.5σ, respectively. We also examine the branching fraction ratios in different four-momentum transfer square regions, and find no significant deviations from the standard model predictions.
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[Meta analysis of surgical treatment for old Monteggia fracture in children]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2018; 98:3096-3101. [PMID: 30392271 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.38.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analysis the treatment effect of the ulnar osteotomy and ring-shaped ligament reconstruction for the treatment of old Monteggia fracture in children by using Meta analyze, and the difference of clinical curative effect was compared in order to provide the basis for the selection of clinical treatment options for old Monteggia fractures in children. Methods: We searched databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database, Medline, PubMed, Embase and Science through computer, at the same time, the references of relevant documents were retrieved manually, and the data processing was carried out by the RevMan5.3 statistical software provided by the Cochrane cooperation network by incorporating the exclusion criteria. The results were obtained and analyzed. Results: A total of 17 standard literature, 438 cases, 224 cases of ulnar osteotomy, 214 cases with ring ligament repair and reconstruction were obtained. The operation scheme, which was mainly based on the lengthening of ulna osteotomy, was superior to the reconstruction of ring ligament reconstruction. The complications and second operation rates of the former was less than that of the latter. Conclusion: The surgical methods for the reconstruction of the ulna osteotomy and the ring-shaped ligament have advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the operative plan for the old Monteggia fracture should be based on the following factors: the time of the old Monteggia fracture formation, the degree of the ulnar and radial deformity and the familiarity of the operative method.
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Observation of the Semileptonic Decay D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} and Evidence for D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:081802. [PMID: 30192571 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample of 2.93 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} and evidence for D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} with significances of 6.4σ and 2.9σ, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be B(D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})×B(a_{0}(980)^{-}→ηπ^{-})=[1.33_{-0.29}^{+0.33}(stat)±0.09(syst)]×10^{-4} and B(D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})×B(a_{0}(980)^{0}→ηπ^{0})=[1.66_{-0.66}^{+0.81}(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10^{-4}. This is the first time the a_{0}(980) meson has been measured in a D^{0} semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling a_{0}(980) states.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical chest compression devices have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of resuscitation strategies using mechanical chest compressions versus resuscitation strategies using standard manual chest compressions with respect to neurologically intact survival in patients who suffer cardiac arrest. SEARCH METHODS On 19 August 2017 we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science databases. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts and Science Citation abstracts had been searched up to November 2009 for prior versions of this review. We also searched two clinical trials registries for any ongoing trials not captured by our search of databases containing published works: Clinicaltrials.gov (August 2017) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal (January 2018). We applied no language restrictions. We contacted experts in the field of mechanical chest compression devices and manufacturers. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs and quasi-randomised studies comparing mechanical chest compressions versus manual chest compressions during CPR for patients with cardiac arrest. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included five new studies in this update. In total, we included 11 trials in the review, including data from 12,944 adult participants, who suffered either out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). We excluded studies explicitly including patients with cardiac arrest caused by trauma, drowning, hypothermia and toxic substances. These conditions are routinely excluded from cardiac arrest intervention studies because they have a different underlying pathophysiology, require a variety of interventions specific to the underlying condition and are known to have a prognosis different from that of cardiac arrest with no obvious cause. The exclusions were meant to reduce heterogeneity in the population while maintaining generalisability to most patients with sudden cardiac death.The overall quality of evidence for the outcomes of included studies was moderate to low due to considerable risk of bias. Three studies (N = 7587) reported on the designated primary outcome of survival to hospital discharge with good neurologic function (defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of one or two), which had moderate quality evidence. One study showed no difference with mechanical chest compressions (risk ratio (RR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 1.39), one study demonstrated equivalence (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.04), and one study demonstrated reduced survival (RR 0.41, CI 0.21 to 0.79). Two other secondary outcomes, survival to hospital admission (N = 7224) and survival to hospital discharge (N = 8067), also had moderate quality level of evidence. No studies reported a difference in survival to hospital admission. For survival to hospital discharge, two studies showed benefit, four studies showed no difference, and one study showed harm associated with mechanical compressions. No studies demonstrated a difference in adverse events or injury patterns between comparison groups but the quality of data was low. Marked clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded any pooled estimates of effect. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence does not suggest that CPR protocols involving mechanical chest compression devices are superior to conventional therapy involving manual chest compressions only. We conclude on the balance of evidence that mechanical chest compression devices used by trained individuals are a reasonable alternative to manual chest compressions in settings where consistent, high-quality manual chest compressions are not possible or dangerous for the provider (eg, limited rescuers available, prolonged CPR, during hypothermic cardiac arrest, in a moving ambulance, in the angiography suite, during preparation for extracorporeal CPR [ECPR], etc.). Systems choosing to incorporate mechanical chest compression devices should be closely monitored because some data identified in this review suggested harm. Special attention should be paid to minimising time without compressions and delays to defibrillation during device deployment.
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Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of the Inclusive Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:062003. [PMID: 30141643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.062003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^{-1} taken at the center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X to be B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)=(38.2_{-2.2}^{+2.8}±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where X refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct CP violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain A_{CP}≡[B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)-B(Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}→Λ[over ¯]+X)]/[B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λ+X)+B(Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}→Λ[over ¯]+X)]=(2.1_{-6.6}^{+7.0}±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of CP violation.
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Observation of a_{0}^{0}(980)-f_{0}(980) Mixing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:022001. [PMID: 30085761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of a_{0}^{0}(980)-f_{0}(980) mixing in the decays of J/ψ→ϕf_{0}(980)→ϕa_{0}^{0}(980)→ϕηπ^{0} and χ_{c1}→a_{0}^{0}(980)π^{0}→f_{0}(980)π^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}π^{0}, using data samples of 1.31×10^{9} J/ψ events and 4.48×10^{8} ψ(3686) events accumulated with the BESIII detector. The signals of f_{0}(980)→a_{0}^{0}(980) and a_{0}^{0}(980)→f_{0}(980) mixing are observed at levels of statistical significance of 7.4σ and 5.5σ, respectively. The corresponding branching fractions and mixing intensities are measured and the constraint regions on the coupling constants, g_{a_{0}K^{+}K^{-}} and g_{f_{0}K^{+}K^{-}}, are estimated. The results improve the understanding of the nature of a_{0}^{0}(980) and f_{0}(980).
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Precision Study of η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} Decay Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:242003. [PMID: 29956981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.242003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using a low background data sample of 9.7×10^{5} J/ψ→γη^{'}, η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} events, which are 2 orders of magnitude larger than those from the previous experiments, recorded with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay dynamics of η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} are studied with both model-dependent and model-independent approaches. The contributions of ω and the ρ(770)-ω interference are observed for the first time in the decays η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} in both approaches. Additionally, a contribution from the box anomaly or the ρ(1450) resonance is required in the model-dependent approach, while the process specific part of the decay amplitude is determined in the model-independent approach.
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