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Salojärvi J, Rambani A, Yu Z, Guyot R, Strickler S, Lepelley M, Wang C, Rajaraman S, Rastas P, Zheng C, Muñoz DS, Meidanis J, Paschoal AR, Bawin Y, Krabbenhoft TJ, Wang ZQ, Fleck SJ, Aussel R, Bellanger L, Charpagne A, Fournier C, Kassam M, Lefebvre G, Métairon S, Moine D, Rigoreau M, Stolte J, Hamon P, Couturon E, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Mukherjee M, Lan T, Engelhardt J, Stadler P, Correia De Lemos SM, Suzuki SI, Sumirat U, Wai CM, Dauchot N, Orozco-Arias S, Garavito A, Kiwuka C, Musoli P, Nalukenge A, Guichoux E, Reinout H, Smit M, Carretero-Paulet L, Filho OG, Braghini MT, Padilha L, Sera GH, Ruttink T, Henry R, Marraccini P, Van de Peer Y, Andrade A, Domingues D, Giuliano G, Mueller L, Pereira LF, Plaisance S, Poncet V, Rombauts S, Sankoff D, Albert VA, Crouzillat D, de Kochko A, Descombes P. The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars. Nat Genet 2024; 56:721-731. [PMID: 38622339 PMCID: PMC11018527 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Coffea arabica, an allotetraploid hybrid of Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid C. arabica accession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, C. eugenioides and C. canephora. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance. We find evidence for a founding polyploidy event 350,000-610,000 years ago, followed by several pre-domestication bottlenecks, resulting in narrow genetic variation. A split between wild accessions and cultivar progenitors occurred ~30.5 thousand years ago, followed by a period of migration between the two populations. Analysis of modern varieties, including lines historically introgressed with C. canephora, highlights their breeding histories and loci that may contribute to pathogen resistance, laying the groundwork for future genomics-based breeding of C. arabica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Salojärvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Aditi Rambani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romain Guyot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Electronics and Automation, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Susan Strickler
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maud Lepelley
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Tours, France
| | - Cui Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sitaram Rajaraman
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunfang Zheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniella Santos Muñoz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - João Meidanis
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rossi Paschoal
- Department of Computer Science, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Cornélio Procópio, Brazil
| | - Yves Bawin
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Zhen Qin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Fleck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rudy Aussel
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Tours, France
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aline Charpagne
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Fournier
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Kassam
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Lefebvre
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Moine
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rigoreau
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Tours, France
| | - Jens Stolte
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Perla Hamon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Couturon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Minakshi Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tianying Lan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jan Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ucu Sumirat
- Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia
| | - Ching Man Wai
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nicolas Dauchot
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Simon Orozco-Arias
- Department of Electronics and Automation, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Andrea Garavito
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Catherine Kiwuka
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pascal Musoli
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Anne Nalukenge
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Erwan Guichoux
- Biodiversité Gènes & Communautés, INRA, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Martin Smit
- Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC) Centro de Café 'Alcides Carvalho', Fazenda Santa Elisa, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Masako Toma Braghini
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC) Centro de Café 'Alcides Carvalho', Fazenda Santa Elisa, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lilian Padilha
- Embrapa Café/Instituto Agronômico (IAC) Centro de Café 'Alcides Carvalho', Fazenda Santa Elisa, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Tom Ruttink
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pierre Marraccini
- CIRAD - UMR DIADE (IRD-CIRAD-Université de Montpellier) BP 64501, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Andrade
- Embrapa Café/Inovacafé Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Campus da UFLA-MG, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Douglas Domingues
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Lukas Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luiz Filipe Pereira
- Embrapa Café/Lab. Biotecnologia, Área de Melhoramento Genético, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Valerie Poncet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Sankoff
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | - Alexandre de Kochko
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Helm M, Bohnsack MT, Carell T, Dalpke A, Entian KD, Ehrenhofer-Murray A, Ficner R, Hammann C, Höbartner C, Jäschke A, Jeltsch A, Kaiser S, Klassen R, Leidel SA, Marx A, Mörl M, Meier JC, Meister G, Rentmeister A, Rodnina M, Roignant JY, Schaffrath R, Stadler P, Stafforst T. Experience with German Research Consortia in the Field of Chemical Biology of Native Nucleic Acid Modifications. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2441-2449. [PMID: 37962075 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical biology of native nucleic acid modifications has seen an intense upswing, first concerning DNA modifications in the field of epigenetics and then concerning RNA modifications in a field that was correspondingly rebaptized epitranscriptomics by analogy. The German Research Foundation (DFG) has funded several consortia with a scientific focus in these fields, strengthening the traditionally well-developed nucleic acid chemistry community and inciting it to team up with colleagues from the life sciences and data science to tackle interdisciplinary challenges. This Perspective focuses on the genesis, scientific outcome, and downstream impact of the DFG priority program SPP1784 and offers insight into how it fecundated further consortia in the field. Pertinent research was funded from mid-2015 to 2022, including an extension related to the coronavirus pandemic. Despite being a detriment to research activity in general, the pandemic has resulted in tremendously boosted interest in the field of RNA and RNA modifications as a consequence of their widespread and successful use in vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2. Funded principal investigators published over 250 pertinent papers with a very substantial impact on the field. The program also helped to redirect numerous laboratories toward this dynamic field. Finally, SPP1784 spawned initiatives for several funded consortia that continue to drive the fields of nucleic acid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Dieter Entian
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Ficner
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Hammann
- Department of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Klassen
- Institute for Biology - Microbiology, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry - Organic/Cellular Chemistry, University of Constance, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Mario Mörl
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen C Meier
- Department of Cell Physiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology - Biochemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Rodnina
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Roignant
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institute for Biology - Microbiology, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Institute for Computer Science - Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stafforst
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Stelzer CP, Pichler M, Stadler P. Genome streamlining and clonal erosion in nutrient-limited environments: a test using genome-size variable populations. Evolution 2023; 77:2378-2391. [PMID: 37724883 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Some selection-based theories propose that genome streamlining, favoring smaller genome sizes, is advantageous in nutritionally limited environments, particularly under P-limitation. To test this prediction, we conducted several experimental evolution trials on clonal populations of a facultatively asexual rotifer that exhibits intraspecific variation in genome size. Most trials showed a rapid decline in clonal diversity, which was accelerated in populations that were initially nonadapted. Populations consisting of three rotifer clones often became monoclonal within a few weeks, while populations starting with 120 clones eroded to 10 multilocus genotypes, of which only five were abundant in higher numbers. While P-limitation affected population growth during the experiments, it did not affect the outcome of clonal competition or the speed at which clonal diversity was lost. Common garden transplant experiments revealed that the evolved populations were better adapted to the experimental conditions than the ancestral controls. However, contrary to expectations, the evolved populations did not show an overrepresentation of small genomes. Intermediate genomes were also frequently abundant, although very large genomes were rare. Our findings suggest that fitness is more influenced by genotypic differences among clones than by differences in GS, and indicate that such differences might hinder genome streamlining during early adaptation to a new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pichler
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
- Bundesamt für Wasserwirtschaft, Institut für Gewässerökologie und Fischereiwirtschaft, Mondsee, Austria
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4
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Vromman M, Anckaert J, Bortoluzzi S, Buratin A, Chen CY, Chu Q, Chuang TJ, Dehghannasiri R, Dieterich C, Dong X, Flicek P, Gaffo E, Gu W, He C, Hoffmann S, Izuogu O, Jackson MS, Jakobi T, Lai EC, Nuytens J, Salzman J, Santibanez-Koref M, Stadler P, Thas O, Vanden Eynde E, Verniers K, Wen G, Westholm J, Yang L, Ye CY, Yigit N, Yuan GH, Zhang J, Zhao F, Vandesompele J, Volders PJ. Large-scale benchmarking of circRNA detection tools reveals large differences in sensitivity but not in precision. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1159-1169. [PMID: 37443337 PMCID: PMC10870000 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) is typically based on short-read RNA sequencing data processed using computational tools. Numerous such tools have been developed, but a systematic comparison with orthogonal validation is missing. Here, we set up a circRNA detection tool benchmarking study, in which 16 tools detected more than 315,000 unique circRNAs in three deeply sequenced human cell types. Next, 1,516 predicted circRNAs were validated using three orthogonal methods. Generally, tool-specific precision is high and similar (median of 98.8%, 96.3% and 95.5% for qPCR, RNase R and amplicon sequencing, respectively) whereas the sensitivity and number of predicted circRNAs (ranging from 1,372 to 58,032) are the most significant differentiators. Of note, precision values are lower when evaluating low-abundance circRNAs. We also show that the tools can be used complementarily to increase detection sensitivity. Finally, we offer recommendations for future circRNA detection and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Vromman
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Anckaert
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Alessia Buratin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chia-Ying Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Qinjie Chu
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Roozbeh Dehghannasiri
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Enrico Gaffo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Michael S Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona - College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric C Lai
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justine Nuytens
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julia Salzman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olivier Thas
- Data Science Institute, I-Biostat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Eveline Vanden Eynde
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Verniers
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guoxia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jakub Westholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Fudan, China
| | - Chu-Yu Ye
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nurten Yigit
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guo-Hua Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Volders
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Weisse T, Scheffel U, Stadler P. Functional ecology of planktonic ciliates: Measuring mortality rates in response to starvation. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12969. [PMID: 36825816 PMCID: PMC10952899 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Population dynamics of aquatic ciliates are controlled "bottom-up" via food supply and "top-down" by grazing and parasitism. While intrinsic growth rates of ciliates under saturating food conditions have been studied in some detail, mortality rates induced by starvation have received little attention thus far. To this end, we examined the response of three algivorous freshwater ciliate species to starvation using three different optical methods. Two of these methods, i.e. ciliate mortality rates (δ) estimated from (i) numerical response experiments and (ii) the rate of decline (ROD) in cell numbers, investigated the response of the ciliate population using conventional light microscopy. The third method, imaging cytometry using a FlowCAM instrument, monitored single cells during the starvation experiment. Like light microscopy, the FlowCAM approach estimated δ based on ROD in the experimental containers. However, imaging cytometry also measured the relative cellular chlorophyll a content in the ciliates' food vacuoles as a proxy for the nutritional status of the cells. The linear decline of the cellular chl. a yielded an independent estimate of δ that was similar to δ calculated from ROD. Additionally, the FlowCAM measurements revealed a high degree of phenotypic plasticity of the ciliates when exposed to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weisse
- Research Department for LimnologyUniversity of InnsbruckMondseeAustria
| | - Ulrike Scheffel
- Research Department for LimnologyUniversity of InnsbruckMondseeAustria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Department for LimnologyUniversity of InnsbruckMondseeAustria
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6
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Evershed RP, Davey Smith G, Roffet-Salque M, Timpson A, Diekmann Y, Lyon MS, Cramp LJE, Casanova E, Smyth J, Whelton HL, Dunne J, Brychova V, Šoberl L, Gerbault P, Gillis RE, Heyd V, Johnson E, Kendall I, Manning K, Marciniak A, Outram AK, Vigne JD, Shennan S, Bevan A, Colledge S, Allason-Jones L, Amkreutz L, Anders A, Arbogast RM, Bălăşescu A, Bánffy E, Barclay A, Behrens A, Bogucki P, Carrancho Alonso Á, Carretero JM, Cavanagh N, Claßen E, Collado Giraldo H, Conrad M, Csengeri P, Czerniak L, Dębiec M, Denaire A, Domboróczki L, Donald C, Ebert J, Evans C, Francés-Negro M, Gronenborn D, Haack F, Halle M, Hamon C, Hülshoff R, Ilett M, Iriarte E, Jakucs J, Jeunesse C, Johnson M, Jones AM, Karul N, Kiosak D, Kotova N, Krause R, Kretschmer S, Krüger M, Lefranc P, Lelong O, Lenneis E, Logvin A, Lüth F, Marton T, Marley J, Mortimer R, Oosterbeek L, Oross K, Pavúk J, Pechtl J, Pétrequin P, Pollard J, Pollard R, Powlesland D, Pyzel J, Raczky P, Richardson A, Rowe P, Rowland S, Rowlandson I, Saile T, Sebők K, Schier W, Schmalfuß G, Sharapova S, Sharp H, Sheridan A, Shevnina I, Sobkowiak-Tabaka I, Stadler P, Stäuble H, Stobbe A, Stojanovski D, Tasić N, van Wijk I, Vostrovská I, Vuković J, Wolfram S, Zeeb-Lanz A, Thomas MG. Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe. Nature 2022; 608:336-345. [PMID: 35896751 PMCID: PMC7615474 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations, lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over the past 10,000 years1. Although the selection of LP and the consumption of prehistoric milk must be linked, considerable uncertainty remains concerning their spatiotemporal configuration and specific interactions2,3. Here we provide detailed distributions of milk exploitation across Europe over the past 9,000 years using around 7,000 pottery fat residues from more than 550 archaeological sites. European milk use was widespread from the Neolithic period onwards but varied spatially and temporally in intensity. Notably, LP selection varying with levels of prehistoric milk exploitation is no better at explaining LP allele frequency trajectories than uniform selection since the Neolithic period. In the UK Biobank4,5 cohort of 500,000 contemporary Europeans, LP genotype was only weakly associated with milk consumption and did not show consistent associations with improved fitness or health indicators. This suggests that other reasons for the beneficial effects of LP should be considered for its rapid frequency increase. We propose that lactase non-persistent individuals consumed milk when it became available but, under conditions of famine and/or increased pathogen exposure, this was disadvantageous, driving LP selection in prehistoric Europe. Comparison of model likelihoods indicates that population fluctuations, settlement density and wild animal exploitation-proxies for these drivers-provide better explanations of LP selection than the extent of milk exploitation. These findings offer new perspectives on prehistoric milk exploitation and LP evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | | | - Adrian Timpson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoan Diekmann
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew S Lyon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy J E Cramp
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Casanova
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Smyth
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen L Whelton
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julie Dunne
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Veronika Brychova
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Dosimetry Department, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucija Šoberl
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pascale Gerbault
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Rosalind E Gillis
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnement (UMR 7209), CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- ICArEHB, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Volker Heyd
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Cultures, Section of Archaeology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Archaeology South-East, UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Kendall
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Manning
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alan K Outram
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jean-Denis Vigne
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnement (UMR 7209), CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Shennan
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Bevan
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Colledge
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luc Amkreutz
- National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Anders
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Adrian Bălăşescu
- Department of Bioarchaeology, 'Vasile Pârvan' Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eszter Bánffy
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Römisch-Germanische Kommission, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Anja Behrens
- German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bogucki
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ángel Carrancho Alonso
- Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - José Miguel Carretero
- Laboratorio Evolución Humana, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humana, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Erich Claßen
- LVR-State Service for Archaeological Heritage, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hipolito Collado Giraldo
- Patrimonio & Arte Research Group, Extremadura University, Badajoz and Cáceres, Badajoz, Spain
- Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lech Czerniak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Dębiec
- Institute of Archaeology, University Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Julia Ebert
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Evans
- Cambridge Archaeological Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Detlef Gronenborn
- Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz Research Institute for Archaeology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Haack
- Archaeological Department, Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Hamon
- UMR 8215, Trajectoires, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Roman Hülshoff
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Ilett
- UMR 8215, Trajectoires, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Eneko Iriarte
- Laboratorio Evolución Humana, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - János Jakucs
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Andy M Jones
- Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall Council, Truro, UK
| | | | - Dmytro Kiosak
- 'I.I. Mechnikov', Odessa National University, Odessa, Ukraine
- Ca' Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Nadezhda Kotova
- Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Rüdiger Krause
- Prehistory Department, Institut of Archaeology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Marta Krüger
- Department of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Philippe Lefranc
- UMR 7044, INRAP Grand-Est Sud, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivia Lelong
- GUARD Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Eunomia Research & Consulting, Bristol, UK
| | - Eva Lenneis
- Department of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Tibor Marton
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Luiz Oosterbeek
- Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Tomar, Portugal
- Terra e Memória Institute, Mação, Portugal
| | - Krisztián Oross
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Joachim Pechtl
- Kelten Römer Museum Manching, Manching, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre Pétrequin
- MSHE C.N. Ledoux, CNRS & University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Joshua Pollard
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Joanna Pyzel
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pál Raczky
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Rowe
- Tees Archaeology, Hartlepool, UK
- North Yorkshire County Council HER, Northallerton, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Saile
- Institute of History, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katalin Sebők
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wolfram Schier
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Helen Sharp
- Leicestershire County Council Museums, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | | | - Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Peter Stadler
- Department of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Astrid Stobbe
- Prehistory Department, Institut of Archaeology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Darko Stojanovski
- Geology Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ivo van Wijk
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Vostrovská
- Institute of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of History, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Andrea Zeeb-Lanz
- Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, Dir. Landesarchäologie, Speyer, Germany
| | - Mark G Thomas
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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7
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Saraiva JP, Bartholomäus A, Kallies R, Gomes M, Bicalho M, Coelho Kasmanas J, Vogt C, Chatzinotas A, Stadler P, Dias O, Nunes da Rocha U. OrtSuite: from genomes to prediction of microbial interactions within targeted ecosystem processes. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101167. [PMID: 34580179 PMCID: PMC8500227 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OrtSuite predicts synergistic species interactions using the genomic potential of microbial communities The high complexity found in microbial communities makes the identification of microbial interactions challenging. To address this challenge, we present OrtSuite, a flexible workflow to predict putative microbial interactions based on genomic content of microbial communities and targeted to specific ecosystem processes. The pipeline is composed of three user-friendly bash commands. OrtSuite combines ortholog clustering with genome annotation strategies limited to user-defined sets of functions allowing for hypothesis-driven data analysis such as assessing microbial interactions in specific ecosystems. OrtSuite matched, on average, 96% of experimentally verified KEGG orthologs involved in benzoate degradation in a known group of benzoate degraders. We evaluated the identification of putative synergistic species interactions using the sequenced genomes of an independent study that had previously proposed potential species interactions in benzoate degradation. OrtSuite is an easy-to-use workflow that allows for rapid functional annotation based on a user-curated database and can easily be extended to ecosystem processes where connections between genes and reactions are known. OrtSuite is an open-source software available at https://github.com/mdsufz/OrtSuite.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Saraiva
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - René Kallies
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marta Gomes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marcos Bicalho
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Coelho Kasmanas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, and Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, and Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Oscar Dias
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ulisses Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Lipaeva P, Vereshchagina K, Drozdova P, Jakob L, Kondrateva E, Lucassen M, Bedulina D, Timofeyev M, Stadler P, Luckenbach T. Different ways to play it cool: Transcriptomic analysis sheds light on different activity patterns of three amphipod species under long-term cold exposure. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5735-5751. [PMID: 34480774 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Species of littoral freshwater environments in regions with continental climate experience pronounced seasonal temperature changes. Coping with long cold winters and hot summers requires specific physiological and behavioural adaptations. Endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus, show high metabolic activity throughout the year; E. verrucosus even reproduces in winter. In contrast, the widespread Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris overwinters in torpor. This study investigated the transcriptomic hallmarks of E. verrucosus, E. cyaneus and G. lacustris exposed to low water temperatures. Amphipods were exposed to 1.5°C and 12°C (corresponding to the mean winter and summer water temperatures, respectively, in the Baikal littoral) for one month. At 1.5°C, G. lacustris showed upregulation of ribosome biogenesis and mRNA processing genes, as well as downregulation of genes related to growth, reproduction and locomotor activity, indicating enhanced energy allocation to somatic maintenance. Our results suggest that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is involved in the preparation for hibernation; downregulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway genes could relate to the observed low locomotor activity of G. lacustris at 1.5°C. The differences between the transcriptomes of E. verrucosus and E. cyaneus from the 1.5°C and 12°C exposures were considerably smaller than for G. lacustris. In E. verrucosus, cold-exposure triggered reproductive activity was indicated by upregulation of respective genes, whereas in E. cyaneus, genes related to mitochondria functioning were upregulated, indicating cold compensation in this species. Our data elucidate the molecular characteristics behind the different adaptations of amphipod species from the Lake Baikal area to winter conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Lipaeva
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kseniya Vereshchagina
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Polina Drozdova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lena Jakob
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Magnus Lucassen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Daria Bedulina
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad National de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Yaskolka Meir A, Keller M, Müller L, Bernhart SH, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Gepner Y, Shelef I, Schwarzfuchs D, Ceglarek U, Stadler P, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Shai I. Effects of lifestyle interventions on epigenetic signatures of liver fat: Central randomized controlled trial. Liver Int 2021; 41:2101-2111. [PMID: 33938135 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the CENTRAL trial context, we found diverse liver fat dynamics in response to different dietary interventions. Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the intraindividual variation. Moreover, genetic factors are involved in developing nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), a disease reflected by an increase in intrahepatic fat (IHF). In this exploratory analysis, we primarily aimed to examine the effect of lifestyle interventions on DNA-methylation of NAFLD related genes associated with IHF. METHODS For 120 participants from the CENTRAL trial, an 18-month regimen of either low-fat (LF) or Mediterranean-low carbohydrate (MED/LC) diets, with or without physical activity (PA+/PA-), was instructed. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure IHF%, which was analysed for association with CpG specific DNA-methylation levels of 41 selected candidate genes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with NAFLD within the studied genes were genotyped by TaqMan assays. RESULTS At baseline, participants (92% men; body mass index = 30.2 kg/m2 ) had mean IHF of 10.7% (59% NAFLD). Baseline-IHF% was inversely correlated with DNA-methylation at individual CpGs within AC074286.1, CRACR2A, A2MP1, FARP1 (P < .05 for all multivariate models). FARP1 rs9584805 showed association with IHF, with the prevalence of NAFLD and baseline methylation level of the CpG site (cg00071727) associated with IHF%. Following 18-month lifestyle intervention, differential DNA-methylation patterns were observed between diets at cg14335324 annotated to A2MP1 (P = .04, LF vs. MED/LC), and differential DNA-methylation between PA groups within AC074286.1, CRACR2A, and FARP1 CpGs (P < .05 for all, PA-vs. PA+). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests epigenetic markers for IHF and potential epigenetic remodeling after long-term lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maria Keller
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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de Guillebon E, Jimenez M, Mazzarella L, Betsou F, Stadler P, Peták I, Jeannot E, Chanas L, Servant N, Marret G, Duso BA, Legrand F, Kornerup KN, Bernhart SH, Balogh G, Dóczi R, Filotás P, Curigliano G, Bièche I, Guérin J, Dirner A, Neuzillet C, Girard N, Borcoman E, Larbi Chérif L, Tresca P, Roufai DB, Dupain C, Scholl S, André F, Fernandez X, Filleron T, Kamal M, Le Tourneau C. Combining immunotherapy with an epidrug in squamous cell carcinomas of different locations: rationale and design of the PEVO basket trial. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100106. [PMID: 33865192 PMCID: PMC8066350 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are among the most frequent solid tumors in humans. SCCs, related or not to the human papillomavirus, share common molecular features. Immunotherapies, and specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been shown to improve overall survival in multiple cancer types, including SCCs. However, only a minority of patients experience a durable response with immunotherapy. Epigenetic modulation plays a major role in escaping tumor immunosurveillance and confers resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preclinical evidence suggests that modulating the epigenome might improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. We herein review the preclinical and the clinical rationale for combining immunotherapy with an epidrug, and detail the design of PEVOsq, a basket clinical trial combining pembrolizumab with vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients with SCCs of different locations. Sequential blood and tumor sampling will be collected in order to identify predictive and pharmacodynamics biomarkers of efficacy of the combination. We also present how clinical and biological data will be managed with the aim to enable the development of a prospective integrative platform to allow secure and controlled access to the project data as well as further exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Guillebon
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France; Inserm U932 Research Unit - Immunite et cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - L Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Division of Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F Betsou
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - P Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Peták
- Oncompass Medicine Ltd, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - E Jeannot
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Chanas
- Data Direction, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - N Servant
- Inserm U900 Research Unit, Saint Cloud, France
| | - G Marret
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - B A Duso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - K N Kornerup
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - S H Bernhart
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Balogh
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Dóczi
- Oncompass Medicine Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Filotás
- Oncompass Medicine Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Curigliano
- Division of Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - I Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - J Guérin
- Data Direction, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Dirner
- Oncompass Medicine Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Neuzillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - N Girard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - E Borcoman
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Larbi Chérif
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - P Tresca
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - D B Roufai
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - C Dupain
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - S Scholl
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - F André
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif; University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - X Fernandez
- Data Direction, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - T Filleron
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - M Kamal
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - C Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France; Inserm U900 Research Unit, Saint Cloud, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France.
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11
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Ender A, Etzel M, Hammer S, Findeiß S, Stadler P, Mörl M. Ligand-dependent tRNA processing by a rationally designed RNase P riboswitch. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1784-1800. [PMID: 33469651 PMCID: PMC7897497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a synthetic riboswitch element that implements a regulatory principle which directly addresses an essential tRNA maturation step. Constructed using a rational in silico design approach, this riboswitch regulates RNase P-catalyzed tRNA 5′-processing by either sequestering or exposing the single-stranded 5′-leader region of the tRNA precursor in response to a ligand. A single base pair in the 5′-leader defines the regulatory potential of the riboswitch both in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide proof for prior postulates on the importance of the structure of the leader region for tRNA maturation. We demonstrate that computational predictions of ligand-dependent structural rearrangements can address individual maturation steps of stable non-coding RNAs, thus making them amenable as promising target for regulatory devices that can be used as functional building blocks in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ender
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maja Etzel
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Hammer
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Findeiß
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Science, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Mario Mörl
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Stadler P, Bemmann K, Schüle E. Comment about the GEVA pre-purchase contract 2018. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kottmeier LK, Seehusen F, Helweg M, Rohn K, Stadler P, Hellige M. High-field (3 Tesla) MRI of the navicular apparatus of sound horses shows good agreement to histopathology. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 61:48-57. [PMID: 31825150 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and the correlation to histopathological findings of the equine palmar foot of lame horses have been described previously, using 0.27 and 1.5 T systems. Compared to these, 3 T systems provide superior spatial resolution and imaging contrast. The aim of our prospective anatomic study was to characterize the imaging anatomy of the navicular region on 3 T MRI in comparison to histopathological findings. We hypothesized that 3 T MRI allows a good visualization of the entire navicular apparatus and reliable measurements of navicular cartilage and cortical bone thickness. Twenty front feet of sound horses were examined using a 3 T MRI system. For histopathological examination, sagittal tissue sections of the navicular bones and adjacent ligaments were prepared. Alterations in magnetic resonance signal were graded for each region and compared to corresponding histological slices. Overall, there was good visualization of the anatomical detail and a very good agreement between MRI and histology for compact bone and spongiosa, good agreement for the fibrocartilage and the distal sesamoidean impar ligament, but only moderate agreement for the hyaline cartilage and the collateral sesamoidean ligament. A comparative measurement of cartilage and cortical bone thickness on magnetic resonance images and histological sections was performed. In MRI, the hyaline cartilage of the articular surface appeared significantly thinner and the fibrocartilage of the flexor surface appeared significantly thicker compared to histology. Findings indicated that MRI at a field strength of 3 T allows reliable depiction of anatomic details of the navicular apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K Kottmeier
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Helweg
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology, and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Stelzer CP, Pichler M, Stadler P, Hatheuer A, Riss S. Within-Population Genome Size Variation is Mediated by Multiple Genomic Elements That Segregate Independently during Meiosis. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:3424-3435. [PMID: 31742335 PMCID: PMC7145553 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within-species variation in genome size has been documented in many animals and plants. Despite its importance for understanding eukaryotic genome diversity, there is only sparse knowledge about how individual-level processes mediate genome size variation in populations. Here, we study a natural population of the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis whose members differ up to 1.9-fold in diploid genome size, but were still able to interbreed and produce viable offspring. We show that genome size is highly heritable and can be artificially selected up or down, but not below a certain basal diploid genome size for this species. Analyses of segregation patterns in haploid males reveal that large genomic elements (several megabases in size) provide the substrate of genome size variation. These elements, and their segregation patterns, explain the generation of new genome size variants, the short-term evolutionary potential of genome size change in populations, and some seemingly paradoxical patterns, like an increase in genome size variation among highly inbred lines. Our study suggests that a conceptual model involving only two variables, 1) a basal genome size of the population, and 2) a vector containing information on additional elements that may increase genome size in this population (size, number, and meiotic segregation behavior), can effectively address most scenarios of short-term evolutionary change of genome size in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Peter Stelzer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Maria Pichler
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Anita Hatheuer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Simone Riss
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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15
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Keller M, Spyrou MA, Scheib CL, Neumann GU, Kröpelin A, Haas-Gebhard B, Päffgen B, Haberstroh J, Ribera I Lacomba A, Raynaud C, Cessford C, Durand R, Stadler P, Nägele K, Bates JS, Trautmann B, Inskip SA, Peters J, Robb JE, Kivisild T, Castex D, McCormick M, Bos KI, Harbeck M, Herbig A, Krause J. Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541-750). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12363-12372. [PMID: 31164419 PMCID: PMC6589673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820447116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although paleogenomic studies have previously identified the causative agent as Y. pestis, little is known about the bacterium's spread, diversity, and genetic history over the course of the pandemic. To elucidate the microevolution of the bacterium during this time period, we screened human remains from 21 sites in Austria, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain for Y. pestis DNA and reconstructed eight genomes. We present a methodological approach assessing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ancient bacterial genomes, facilitating qualitative analyses of low coverage genomes from a metagenomic background. Phylogenetic analysis on the eight reconstructed genomes reveals the existence of previously undocumented Y. pestis diversity during the sixth to eighth centuries, and provides evidence for the presence of multiple distinct Y. pestis strains in Europe. We offer genetic evidence for the presence of the Justinianic Plague in the British Isles, previously only hypothesized from ambiguous documentary accounts, as well as the parallel occurrence of multiple derived strains in central and southern France, Spain, and southern Germany. Four of the reported strains form a polytomy similar to others seen across the Y. pestis phylogeny, associated with the Second and Third Pandemics. We identified a deletion of a 45-kb genomic region in the most recent First Pandemic strains affecting two virulence factors, intriguingly overlapping with a deletion found in 17th- to 18th-century genomes of the Second Pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Keller
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiana L Scheib
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Kröpelin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Päffgen
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Haberstroh
- Bavarian State Department of Monuments and Sites, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claude Raynaud
- CNRS, UMR5140, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, 34199 Montpellier, France
| | - Craig Cessford
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Durand
- Service d'Archéologie Préventive de l'Agglomération de Bourges Plus, 18023 Bourges Cedex, France
| | - Peter Stadler
- Department of Pre- and Protohistory, University of Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica S Bates
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Trautmann
- State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah A Inskip
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
| | - Joris Peters
- State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80333 Munich, Germany
- ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - John E Robb
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michael McCormick
- Initiative for the Science of the Human Past, Department of History, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michaela Harbeck
- State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, 07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Prucha M, Sedivy P, Stadler P, Zdrahal P, Prokopova P, Voska L, Sedlackova L. Abdominal aortic aneurysm as an IgG4-related disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:361-365. [PMID: 31032886 PMCID: PMC6693967 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate patients with aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) with regard to immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). IgG4‐RD represents a recently defined condition comprised of a collection of disorders characterized by IgG4 hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of IgG4‐positive plasma cells in organs affected with fibrotic or sclerotizing changes and typical histopathological features. It was identified as a possible cause of vasculitis in large vessels. Studies have been published on a possible association between inflammatory aortic or cardiovascular disease and IgG4‐RD. We examined 114 patients with AAA requiring surgery in order to identify findings which are characteristic of IgG4‐RD. Aneurysm samples from seven patients showed histopathological features consistent with IgG4‐RD and the presence of IgG4+ plasma cells. Only two of these seven patients showed elevated IgG4 serum levels higher 1·35 g/l. In five of the patients, the concentration of serum IgG4 was lower than 1·20 g/l, with the number of IgG4+ plasma cells being higher than 50/high‐power field. These findings were consistent with AAA being a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases with different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prucha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Sedivy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Stadler
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Zdrahal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Prokopova
- Department of Pathology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Voska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Sedlackova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Stadler P, Bemmann K, Schüle E. A comment about the German Equine Radiology Guidelines. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2019. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20190206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Stadler P, Feldmann H, Creighton C, Zeilhoffer HF, Zimmermann V, Schmitt M, Molls M. Clinical Evidence for Correlation of Insufficient Tissue Oxygen Supply (Hypoxia) and Tumor-Associated Proteolysis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080001500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck show a consistent trend towards poor treatment outcome. We now report that tumor hypoxia in these patients is correlated with elevated antigen content of the tumor-associated serine protease uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator), a marker of tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stadler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - H.J. Feldmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - C. Creighton
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - H.-F. Zeilhoffer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - V. Zimmermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - M. Schmitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Technische Universität München - Germany
| | - M. Molls
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Technische Universität München - Germany
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungHerkömmliche Therapieansätze führen bei Pferden zu einer unbefriedigenden Sehnenheilung mit einer relativ hohen Rezidivrate. Deshalb werden seit einigen Jahren unter anderem in vitro und an Labortieren so genannte regenerative Therapieformen wissenschaftlich untersucht. Darunter wird der Einsatz von Substanzen verstanden, die idealerweise die Bildung eines Ersatzgewebes bewirken, das vergleichbare funktionelle Eigenschaften hat wie das Ursprungsgewebe und sich somit von minderwertigerem Narbengewebe abhebt. Derzeit ist eine Fülle verschiedener Substrate entweder kommerziell verfügbar oder mithilfe von „Kits“ unter Praxisbedingungen herstellbar. Es werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse zur Herstellung und zum regenerativen Potenzial von kernhaltigen Zellen bzw. Stammzellen aus Knochenmark und Fettgewebe sowie der Blutprodukte PRP (thrombozytenreiches Plasma), ACP (autologes konditioniertes Plasma), ACS (autologes konditioniertes Serum) und der Gerüstsubstanz UBM (urinary bladder matrix) vorgestellt. Zuletzt wird das Potenzial einzelner Wachstumsfaktoren und der Gentherapie beleuchtet. Bisher wird angenommen, dass die Regeneration von Sehnengewebe durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus Gerüstsubstanzen, Wachstumsfaktoren und Zellen begünstigt wird. Es sind bislang nur wenige Untersuchungen verfügbar, die einen Vergleich zwischen den genannten Substanzen erlauben. Untersuchungen zur Wirkung der Substrate an lebenden Pferden werden an anderer Stelle vorgestellt.
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Markus R, Gruber AD, Döpke C, Stadler P. Der Klinische Fall: Hochgradige, chronische eitrige Koxarthritis und eitrig-lytische Osteomyelitis als seltene Lahmheitsursache bei einem adulten Pferd. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Hellige M, Rohn K, Buschkamp L, Stadler P. Interobserver agreement in interpreting radiographs of horses using the german Radiology-Guidelines 2007 ("Röntgenleitfaden 2007"). PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Riss S, Arthofer W, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Pichler M, Stadler P, Stelzer CP. Do genome size differences within Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Rotifera, Monogononta) cause reproductive barriers among geographic populations? Hydrobiologia 2017; 796:59-75. [PMID: 34764495 PMCID: PMC7611973 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-016-2872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genome size in the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, which belongs to the B. plicatilis species complex, is greatly enlarged and extremely variable (205-407 Mbp). Such variation raises the question whether large genome size differences among individuals might cause reproductive barriers, which could trigger speciation within this group by restricting gene flow across populations. To test this hypothesis, we used B. asplanchnoidis clones from three geographic populations and conducted assays to quantify reproductive isolation among clones differing in genome size, and we examined the population structure of all three populations using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). AFLPs indicated that these populations were genetically separated, but we also found hints of natural gene flow. Clones from different populations with genome size differences of up to 1.7-fold could interbred successfully in the laboratory and give rise to viable, fertile 'hybrid' offspring. Genome sizes of these 'hybrids' were intermediate between those of their parents, and fitness in terms of male production, population growth, and egg development time was not negatively affected. Thus, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation or nascent speciation within B. asplanchnoidis. Instead, our results suggest that gene flow within this species can occur despite a remarkably large range of genome sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Riss
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Steiner
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Maria Pichler
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Claus-Peter Stelzer
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
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23
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Stadler P, Belzig W, Rastelli G. Ground-State Cooling of a Mechanical Oscillator by Interference in Andreev Reflection. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:197202. [PMID: 27858451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the ground-state cooling of a mechanical oscillator linearly coupled to the charge of a quantum dot inserted between a normal metal and a superconducting contact. Such a system can be realized, e.g., by a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot with a capacitive coupling to a gate contact. Focusing on the subgap transport regime, we analyze the inelastic Andreev reflections which drive the resonator to a nonequilibrium state. For small coupling, we obtain that vibration-assisted reflections can occur through two distinct interference paths. The interference determines the ratio between the rates of absorption and emission of vibrational energy quanta. We show that ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator can be achieved for many of the oscillator's modes simultaneously or for single modes selectively, depending on the experimentally tunable coupling to the superconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stadler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - W Belzig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - G Rastelli
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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24
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Roffet-Salque M, Regert M, Evershed RP, Outram AK, Cramp LJE, Decavallas O, Dunne J, Gerbault P, Mileto S, Mirabaud S, Pääkkönen M, Smyth J, Šoberl L, Whelton HL, Alday-Ruiz A, Asplund H, Bartkowiak M, Bayer-Niemeier E, Belhouchet L, Bernardini F, Budja M, Cooney G, Cubas M, Danaher EM, Diniz M, Domboróczki L, Fabbri C, González-Urquijo JE, Guilaine J, Hachi S, Hartwell BN, Hofmann D, Hohle I, Ibáñez JJ, Karul N, Kherbouche F, Kiely J, Kotsakis K, Lueth F, Mallory JP, Manen C, Marciniak A, Maurice-Chabard B, Mc Gonigle MA, Mulazzani S, Özdoğan M, Perić OS, Perić SR, Petrasch J, Pétrequin AM, Pétrequin P, Poensgen U, Pollard CJ, Poplin F, Radi G, Stadler P, Stäuble H, Tasić N, Urem-Kotsou D, Vuković JB, Walsh F, Whittle A, Wolfram S, Zapata-Peña L, Zoughlami J. Widespread exploitation of the honeybee by early Neolithic farmers. Nature 2015; 527:226-30. [PMID: 26560301 DOI: 10.1038/nature15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial-revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC). There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Roffet-Salque
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Martine Regert
- CEPAM - Cultures et Environnements. Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen Âge, UMR 7264, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS, 06300 Nice, France
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alan K Outram
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Lucy J E Cramp
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Orestes Decavallas
- Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607 Pessac, France.,Laboratoire du Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 Quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dunne
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Pascale Gerbault
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Simona Mileto
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.,Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 15, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mirabaud
- Laboratoire du Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 Quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jessica Smyth
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Lucija Šoberl
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology, Aškerčeva 2, box 580, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helen L Whelton
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alfonso Alday-Ruiz
- Department of Geography, Prehistory and Archaeology. University of Basque Country (EHU-UPV), Francisco Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Henrik Asplund
- Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Marta Bartkowiak
- Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89d, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Eva Bayer-Niemeier
- Museum Quintana - Archäologie in Künzing, Partnermuseum der Archäologischen Staatssammlung München, Osterhofener Str. 2, 94550 Künzing, Germany
| | - Lotfi Belhouchet
- Musée Archéologique de Sousse, Rue Marshall Tito, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, 00184 Rome, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihael Budja
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology, Aškerčeva 2, box 580, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriel Cooney
- UCD School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam Cubas
- International Institute for Prehistoric Research of Cantabria, University of Cantabria, Avd de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ed M Danaher
- Department of Archaeology, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mariana Diniz
- UNIARQ-Departamento de História, Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Fabbri
- Dipartimento Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Via Galvani 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jesus E González-Urquijo
- International Institute for Prehistoric Research of Cantabria, University of Cantabria, Avd de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Jean Guilaine
- CNRS - UMR 5608 - TRACES, Maison de la recherche, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Slimane Hachi
- CNRPAH, Centre National de Recherche Préhistorique, Anthropologique et Historique, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Barrie N Hartwell
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Daniela Hofmann
- Universität Hamburg, Archäologisches Institut, Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1, Flügel West, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Hohle
- a.r.t.e.s. Graduate School for the Humanities Cologne, Graduiertenschule der Philosophischen Fakultät, Aachener Str. 217, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Necmi Karul
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Prehistory, 34434 Laleli Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Kherbouche
- CNRPAH, Centre National de Recherche Préhistorique, Anthropologique et Historique, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jacinta Kiely
- Eachtra Archaeological Projects, Lickybeg, Clashmore, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kostas Kotsakis
- School of History and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Friedrich Lueth
- German Archaeological Institute, Podbielskiallee 69-71, 14 195 Berlin, Germany
| | - James P Mallory
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Claire Manen
- CNRS - UMR 5608 - TRACES, Maison de la recherche, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Arkadiusz Marciniak
- Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89d, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Martin A Mc Gonigle
- John Cronin &Associates, 28 Upper Main Street, Buncrana, County Donegal, Ireland
| | - Simone Mulazzani
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, UMR 7269 LAMPEA, LabexMed, 13284 Marseille, France.,Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Mehmet Özdoğan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Prehistory, 34434 Laleli Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olga S Perić
- Institute of Archaeology Belgrade, Kneza Mihaila 35/4 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slaviša R Perić
- Institute of Archaeology Belgrade, Kneza Mihaila 35/4 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jörg Petrasch
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters - Abt. Jüngere Urgeschichte und Frühgeschichte - Schloß Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Pétrequin
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement C.N. Ledoux, CNRS &Université de Franche-Comté, 32 rue Mégevand, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Pétrequin
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement C.N. Ledoux, CNRS &Université de Franche-Comté, 32 rue Mégevand, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | | | - C Joshua Pollard
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK
| | - François Poplin
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55 rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Radi
- Dipartimento Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Via Galvani 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Stadler
- Department of Pre- and Protohistory, University of Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Stäuble
- Landesamt für Archaeologie, Zur Wetterwarte 7, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nenad Tasić
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade University, 18-20 Čika Ljubina Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dushka Urem-Kotsou
- Department of History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Jasna B Vuković
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade University, 18-20 Čika Ljubina Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fintan Walsh
- Irish Archaeological Consultancy, Unit G1, Network Enterprise Park, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Alasdair Whittle
- Department of Archaeology and Conservation, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff CF10 3EU, UK
| | - Sabine Wolfram
- State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz, Stefan-Heym-Platz 1, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lydia Zapata-Peña
- Department of Geography, Prehistory and Archaeology. University of Basque Country (EHU-UPV), Francisco Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jamel Zoughlami
- Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunis - Musée archéologique de Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
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Berkemer SJ, Höner zu Siederdissen C, Amman F, Wintsche A, Will S, Hofacker I, Prohaska S, Stadler P. Processed Small RNAs in Archaea and BHB Elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18547/gcb.2015.vol1.iss1.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bulge-helix-bulge (BHB) elements guide the enzymatic splicing machinery that in Archaea excises introns from tRNAs, rRNAs from their primary precursor, and accounts for the assembly of piece-wise encoded tRNAs. This processing pathway renders the intronic sequences as circularized RNA species. Although archaeal transcriptomes harbor a large number of circular small RNAs, it remains unknown whether most or all of them are produced through BHB-dependent splicing. We therefore conduct a genome-wide survey of BHB elements of a phylogenetically diverse set of archaeal species and complement this approach by searching for BHB-like structures in the vicinity of circularized transcripts. We find that besides tRNA introns, the majority of box C/D snoRNAs is associated with BHB elements. Not all circularized sRNAs, however, can be explained by BHB elements, suggesting that there is at least one other mechanism of RNA circularization at work in Archaea. Pattern search methods were unable, however, to identify common sequence and/or secondary structure features that could be characteristic for such a mechanism.
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Conze P, van Schie HTM, van Weeren R, Staszyk C, Conrad S, Skutella T, Hopster K, Rohn K, Stadler P, Geburek F. Effect of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neovascularization of artificial equine tendon lesions. Regen Med 2015; 9:743-57. [PMID: 25431911 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) treatment of tendon lesions increases neovascularization during tendon healing. MATERIALS & METHODS A standardized surgical model was used to create lesions in both front limb superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) of nine horses. Either AT-MSCs or control substance was injected intralesionally 2 weeks post-surgery. Color Doppler ultrasonography of SDFTs was performed at regular intervals. Horses were euthanized 22 weeks post-treatment and SDFTs were harvested for histology. RESULTS The color Doppler ultrasonography signal was significantly more extensive at 2 weeks post-treatment and the number of vessels counted on histologic slides was significantly higher at 22 weeks post-treatment in AT-MSC-treated SDFTs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that AT-MSC treatment has a beneficial effect on neovascularization of healing tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Conze
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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27
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Teschler-Nicola M, Novotny F, Spannagl-Steiner M, Stadler P, Prohaska T, Irrgeher J, Zitek A, Däubl B, Haring E, Rumpelmayr K, Wild EM. The Early Mediaeval manorial estate of Gars/Thunau, Lower Austria: An enclave of endemic tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S51-9. [PMID: 25857936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have aimed to shed light on the origin and spread of tuberculosis in past human populations. Here we present the results of a systematic palaeodemographic and palaeopathological survey of the Early Mediaeval population of Gars/Thunau (Lower Austria), which - at this stage - includes 373 individuals recovered at two archaeological sub-sites: a fortified settlement (including a necropolis) at the top of a hill - probably reserved for social and military elites; and a large riverine settlement at the foot of the hill, a so-called 'suburbium', where burials and an area of 'industrial' character were discovered. We recorded a great number of pathological alterations and a variety of 'classical' features of tuberculosis, such as vertebral destructions (Pott's disease) and joint destructions, and other pathological (unspecific) features probably linked with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (e.g. new bone formation at the inner surface of the ribs, endocranial alterations in the form of 'pits', and new bone formation at the cranial base). We hypothesize that the two contemporaneous (∼900-1000 AD) populations of Gars/Thunau differed not only in their social affiliation/condition, but also in the type and frequencies of their population-density-related infectious diseases (in particular tuberculosis). Moreover, we investigated the molecular genetic evidence of the causative organism in a few selected immatures exhibiting pathological changes at the inner wall of the cranium and discuss these findings in regard to the macroscopic features observed. Finally, we analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of both populations and strontium isotope ratios of the hill-top inhabitants in order to reconstruct certain aspects of diet and mobility to test our hypothesis concerning the specific social and/or military character of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teschler-Nicola
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Anthropology, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria.
| | - Friederike Novotny
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Anthropology, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria.
| | | | - Peter Stadler
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Anthropology, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria.
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Andreas Zitek
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Barbara Däubl
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research Laboratories, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research Laboratories, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria.
| | - Kerstin Rumpelmayr
- VERA (Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator) Laboratory, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Eva Maria Wild
- VERA (Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator) Laboratory, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
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Gehlen H, Stave C, Bilzer T, Stadler P. Effects of clenbuterol therapy on mitochondrial activity in skeletal musculature of RAO affected horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2015. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Kolb S, Palm E, Heiden B, Meyer N, Stadler P, Herbig B, Lüke G, Nowak D, Glaser J, Herr C. Flexibilisierung, Erreichbarkeit und Entgrenzung in der Arbeitswelt: Entwicklung eines betrieblichen Konzepts zur Prävention psychischer Fehlbeanspruchungen und Stärkung psychischer Gesundheit (FlexA). Gesundheitswesen 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1386937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stadler P, Belzig W, Rastelli G. Ground-state cooling of a carbon nanomechanical resonator by spin-polarized current. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:047201. [PMID: 25105648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.047201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium steady state of a mechanical resonator in the quantum regime realized by a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot in contact with two ferromagnets. Because of the spin-orbit interaction and/or an external magnetic field gradient, the spin on the dot couples directly to the flexural eigenmodes. Accordingly, the nanomechanical motion induces inelastic spin flips of the tunneling electrons. A spin-polarized current at finite bias voltage causes either heating or active cooling of the mechanical modes. We show that maximal cooling is achieved at resonant transport when the energy splitting between two dot levels of opposite spin equals the vibrational frequency. Even for weak electron-resonator coupling and moderate polarizations we can achieve ground-state cooling with a temperature of the leads, for instance, of T = 10 ω.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stadler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - W Belzig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - G Rastelli
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany and Zukunftskolleg, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schierwater
- ITZ, TiHo Hannover, Buenteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Yale University, MCDB, 165 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; AMNH New York, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
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32
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Siewert C, Hellige M, Heuchert N, Rohn K, Stadler P, Seifert H. Effect of heart rate and respiratory rate on thermal infrared-imaging of the horse’s head. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Bemmann K, Becker M, Stadler P, Brehm W, Oexmann B, Klimke M, Schüle E. The terminology of the pre-purchase examination in reference to the forensic veterinary medicine. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ryzinska-Paier G, Lendenfeld T, Correa K, Stadler P, Blaschke AP, Mach RL, Stadler H, Kirschner AKT, Farnleitner AH. A sensitive and robust method for automated on-line monitoring of enzymatic activities in water and water resources. Water Sci Technol 2014; 69:1349-1358. [PMID: 24647204 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The realisation of a novel concept for automated on-line monitoring of enzymatic activities in water was successfully demonstrated by long-term field testing at two remote Austrian ground water resources. The β-D-glucuronidase (GLUC) activity was selected as a representative enzymatic model parameter for the on-line determination. But the device can be adapted for any enzymatic reaction with diagnostic relevance for microbial water quality monitoring, as demonstrated for the β-D-galactosidase activity. Automated filtration of volumes up to 5 litres supports sensitive quantification of enzymatic activities. Internet-based data transfer, using internal control parameters for verification and a dynamic determination of the limit of quantification, enabled robust enzymatic on-line monitoring during a 2-year period. A proportion of 5,313 out of 5,506 GLUC activity measurements (96.5%) could be positively verified. Hydrological (discharge, gauge, turbidity, temperature, pH, electric conductivity, spectral absorbance coefficient at 254 nm) as well as microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli, coliforms) were concurrently determined to characterise the investigated ground water resources. The enzymatic on-line measurements closely reflected the different hydrological conditions and contamination patterns of the test sites. Contrary to expectations, GLUC did not qualify as a proxy-parameter for the occurrence of cultivation-based E. coli contamination and warrants further detailed investigations on its indication capacity as a rapid means for microbial faecal pollution detection in such aquatic habitats. Microbial on-line monitoring is likely to become more important in the future, complementing existing surveillance strategies for water safety management. Further perspectives on the application of such analytical on-line technologies, such as their connection with event-triggered sampling and standardised diagnostics, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryzinska-Paier
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße 1A/166-5-2, A-1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - T Lendenfeld
- mbOnline GmbH, Daniel Gran Straße 48, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria and WSB Labor-GmbH, Steiner Landstraße 27a, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - K Correa
- mbOnline GmbH, Daniel Gran Straße 48, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria and WSB Labor-GmbH, Steiner Landstraße 27a, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - P Stadler
- Centre for Water Resource Systems (CWRS), Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A P Blaschke
- Vienna University of Technology, Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - R L Mach
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße 1A/166-5-2, A-1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - H Stadler
- Department for Water Resources Management, Institute for Water, Energy and Sustainability, Joanneum Research, Elisabethstraße 16/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - A K T Kirschner
- Division Water Hygiene, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A H Farnleitner
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße 1A/166-5-2, A-1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: ; Vienna University of Technology, Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Hopster-Iversen C, Gehlen H, Stadler P. Use of Tissue Doppler Imaging in horses – exercise stress echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Venner M, Walther SM, Münzer B, Stadler P. Diagnostic of pulmonary abscesses in foals – Comparison of sonographic and radiographic examination. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gaedke C, Witt M, Koene M, Berens von Rautenfeld D, Stadler P. Lymph flow determination in the equine hindlimb: Lymphoscintigraphic function studies. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gaedke
- Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Germany
| | - M. Witt
- Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Germany
| | | | | | - P. Stadler
- Equine Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Germany
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Weisse T, Scheffel U, Stadler P, Foissner W. Functional ecology of the ciliate Glaucomides bromelicola, and comparison with the sympatric species Bromeliothrix metopoides. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 60:578-87. [PMID: 23865693 PMCID: PMC4028988 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ecology and life strategy of Glaucomides bromelicola (family Bromeliophryidae), a very common ciliate in the reservoirs (tanks) of bromeliads, assessing its response to food quality and quantity and pH. Further, we conducted competition experiments with the frequently coexisting species Bromeliothrix metopoides (family Colpodidae). In contrast to B. metopoides and many other colpodean ciliates, G. bromelicola does not form resting cysts, which jeopardizes this ciliate when its small aquatic habitats dry out. Both species form bactivorous microstomes and flagellate-feeding macrostomes. However, only G. bromelicola has a low feeding threshold and is able to adapt to different protist food. The higher affinity to the local bacterial and flagellate food renders it the superior competitor relative to B. metopoides. Continuous encystment and excystment of the latter may enable stable coexistence of both species in their natural habitat. Both are tolerant to a wide range of pH (4–9). These ciliates appear to be limited to tank bromeliads because they either lack resting cysts and vectors for long distance dispersal (G. bromelicola) and/or have highly specific food requirements (primarily B. metopoides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weisse
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Herzog Odilostrasse 101, Mondsee, 5310, Austria
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Weisse T, Moser M, Scheffel U, Stadler P, Berendonk T, Weithoff G, Berger H. Systematics and species-specific response to pH of Oxytricha acidotolerans sp. nov. and Urosomoida sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from acid mining lakes. Eur J Protistol 2013; 49:255-71. [PMID: 23021638 PMCID: PMC3611561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the morphology, phylogeny of the 18S rDNA, and pH response of Oxytricha acidotolerans sp. nov. and Urosomoida sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) isolated from two chemically similar acid mining lakes (pH~2.6) located at Langau, Austria, and in Lusatia, Germany. Oxytricha acidotolerans sp. nov. from Langau has 18 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri but a very indistinct kinety 3 fragmentation so that the assignment to Oxytricha is uncertain. The somewhat smaller species from Lusatia has a highly variable cirral pattern and the dorsal kineties arranged in the Urosomoida pattern and is, therefore, preliminary designated as Urosomoida sp. The pH response was measured as ciliate growth rates in laboratory experiments at pH ranging from 2.5 to 7.0. Our hypothesis was that the shape of the pH reaction norm would not differ between these closely related (3% difference in their SSU rDNA) species. Results revealed a broad pH niche for O. acidotolerans, with growth rates peaking at moderately acidic conditions (pH 5.2). Cyst formation was positively and linearly related to pH. Urosomoida sp. was more sensitive to pH and did not survive at circumneutral pH. Accordingly, we reject our hypothesis that similar habitats would harbour ciliate species with virtually identical pH reaction norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weisse
- Institute for Limnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
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Weisse T, Scheffel U, Stadler P, Foissner W. Bromeliothrix metopoides, a boom and bust ciliate (Ciliophora, Colpodea) from tank bromeliads. Eur J Protistol 2013; 49:406-19. [PMID: 23541138 PMCID: PMC3688101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the recently described colpodid ciliate Bromeliothrix metopoides in a series of laboratory experiments to reveal the environmental factors that constrain this species to its peculiar habitat, i.e. the tanks of bromeliads. Our results demonstrated that the various life stages of this ciliate (bacterivorous theronts and microstome trophonts, flagellate-feeding macrostomes) have specific demands in terms of food quality and quantity. Bromeliothrix required a high food threshold (>1.4 mg C L−1) in order to thrive. Food quality also affected resting cyst formation of B. metopoides when the experimental containers dried out. Its maximum growth rates (μmax = 4.71 d−1, i.e. 6.8 doublings d−1) belong to the highest ones recorded thus far for free-living ciliates. The pH niche of B. metopoides was relatively wide (pH ∼4 to >9) under optimal food conditions. However, its high sensitivity to unfavourable environmental conditions let the population collapse within several hours. We conclude that B. metopoides is a boom and bust ciliate that is specifically adapted to its peculiar habitat but virtually unviable in other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weisse
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondsee, Austria.
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Uhlendorf F, Gehlen H, Stadler P. [Comparison of different electrocardiographic techniques for the detection of arrhythmias in horses]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2013; 41:305-314. [PMID: 24126999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to extend the range of the electrocardiographic examination in horses, evaluating the practicability of special electrocardiographic techniques (exercise- and Holter-ECG) and comparing these with more common techniques (resting-ECG) in equine medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electrocardiographic examination (resting-ECG for 1 minute, exercise-ECG and Holter-ECG) was performed in 20 horses without any clinical or echocardiographic findings and in 80 patients with abnormal findings (valvular regurgitation and/or atrial fibrillation). RESULTS In comparison with the resting-ECG, the exercise-ECG demonstrated more atrial and ventricular premature beats, while the Holter-ECG had a higher detection rate of 2nd degree atrioventricular or sinuatrial blocks, and of ventricular and atrial premature depolarisations (p < 0.001). In comparison to the exercise-ECG, the Holter-ECG registered more 2nd degree atrioventricular blocks (p < 0.001) and ventricular (p < 0.001) or atrial premature contractions (p < 0.01). Atrial fibrillation was detected in every recorded ECG-type, but Holter-ECG provided additional information. Three of 16 horses with atrial fibrillation had R-on-T-episodes during Holter-monitoring. In addition to more common findings in the ECG, Holter-monitoring detected a 2nd degree atrioventricular block associated with an adjacent ventricular escape beat in a horse without any clinical or echocardiographic findings. An accelerated idioventricular rhythm was identified in a horse without any clinical or echocardiographic findings and in a horse with mitral valve insufficiency. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Holter-ECG is a useful tool in the evaluation of heart disease and could supply additional information when compared to the usual diagnostic electrocardiographic procedures used in horses. Exercise-ECG should not be replaced by Holter-ECG, however, Holter-EGC can provide additional diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Uhlendorf
- Frauke Uhlendorf, Klinik für Pferde, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, E-Mail:
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Kattelans A, Lange C, Rohn K, Stadler P. Kinetic and kinematic analysis of the influence of different head and neck position on biomechanics of the warmblood. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2013. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gehlen H, Stadler P, Uhlendorf F. Vergleichende Untersuchung von elektrokardiographischen Techniken zur Diagnostik von Herzrhythmusstörungen beim Pferd. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieser Studie war, die Befunde des Langzeit-EKGs beim Pferd mit denen des Belastungs- und des Ruhe-EKGs zu vergleichen. Material und Methode: Zwanzig klinisch und echokardiographisch unauffällige Kontrolltiere und 80 Patienten mit Klappeninsuffizienzen und/oder Vorhofflimmern wurden elektrokardiographisch untersucht. Die elektrokardiographischen Aufzeichnungen umfassten ein einminütiges Ruhe-EKG, ein Belastungs-EKG an der Longe und ein Langzeit-EKG über 24 Stunden. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zum Ruhe-EKG wurden Vorhof- und ventrikuläre Extrasystolen mithilfe des Belastungs-EKGs signifikant (p < 0,001) häufiger erkannt. Anhand des Langzeit-EKGs konnten signifikant mehr AV-Blöcke 2. Grades, sinuatriale Blöcke sowie Vorhof- und ventrikuläre Extrasystolen festgestellt werden als mithilfe des Ruhe-EKGs (p < 0,001). Beim Vergleich zwischen Belastungs-EKG und Langzeit-EKG zeigten sich im Langzeit-EKG signifikant häufiger AV-Blöcke 2. Grades (p < 0,001) sowie Extrasystolen atrialen (p < 0,001) und ventrikulären Ursprungs (p < 0,01). Vorhofflimmern wurde mit allen drei EKG-Techniken erfasst. Mittels Langzeit-EKG ließen sich allerdings neben dem Vorhofflimmern weitere elektrokardiographische Befunde erheben. Drei Tiere mit Vorhofflimmern zeigten zusätzlich das R-auf-T-Phänomen. Bei einem Pferd ohne klinische und echokardiographische Befunde traten im Langzeit-EKG Phasen mit je einem ventrikulären Ersatzschlag direkt nach einem AV-Block 2. Grades auf. Außerdem zeigten ein Kontrolltier und ein Pferd mit Mitralklappeninsuffizienz einen akzelerierten idioventrikulären Rhythmus. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Insgesamt erscheint es sinnvoll, das Langzeit-EKG wegen seines zusätzlichen Informationsgehalts in der Diagnostik von Herzerkrankungen häufiger anzuwenden als bisher üblich. Dabei sollte jedoch das Belastungs-EKG nicht ersetzt, sondern durch die Informationen des Langzeit-EKGs ergänzt werden.
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Groenen MAM, Archibald AL, Uenishi H, Tuggle CK, Takeuchi Y, Rothschild MF, Rogel-Gaillard C, Park C, Milan D, Megens HJ, Li S, Larkin DM, Kim H, Frantz LAF, Caccamo M, Ahn H, Aken BL, Anselmo A, Anthon C, Auvil L, Badaoui B, Beattie CW, Bendixen C, Berman D, Blecha F, Blomberg J, Bolund L, Bosse M, Botti S, Bujie Z, Bystrom M, Capitanu B, Carvalho-Silva D, Chardon P, Chen C, Cheng R, Choi SH, Chow W, Clark RC, Clee C, Crooijmans RPMA, Dawson HD, Dehais P, De Sapio F, Dibbits B, Drou N, Du ZQ, Eversole K, Fadista J, Fairley S, Faraut T, Faulkner GJ, Fowler KE, Fredholm M, Fritz E, Gilbert JGR, Giuffra E, Gorodkin J, Griffin DK, Harrow JL, Hayward A, Howe K, Hu ZL, Humphray SJ, Hunt T, Hornshøj H, Jeon JT, Jern P, Jones M, Jurka J, Kanamori H, Kapetanovic R, Kim J, Kim JH, Kim KW, Kim TH, Larson G, Lee K, Lee KT, Leggett R, Lewin HA, Li Y, Liu W, Loveland JE, Lu Y, Lunney JK, Ma J, Madsen O, Mann K, Matthews L, McLaren S, Morozumi T, Murtaugh MP, Narayan J, Nguyen DT, Ni P, Oh SJ, Onteru S, Panitz F, Park EW, Park HS, Pascal G, Paudel Y, Perez-Enciso M, Ramirez-Gonzalez R, Reecy JM, Rodriguez-Zas S, Rohrer GA, Rund L, Sang Y, Schachtschneider K, Schraiber JG, Schwartz J, Scobie L, Scott C, Searle S, Servin B, Southey BR, Sperber G, Stadler P, Sweedler JV, Tafer H, Thomsen B, Wali R, Wang J, Wang J, White S, Xu X, Yerle M, Zhang G, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhao S, Rogers J, Churcher C, Schook LB. Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution. Nature 2012; 491:393-8. [PMID: 23151582 PMCID: PMC3566564 DOI: 10.1038/nature11622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars ∼1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Spacek M, Jindrak V, Spunda R, Stadler P, Lindner J, Mitas’ P, Belohlavek O. Current trends in the diagnosis of vascular prosthesis infection. Acta Chir Belg 2012; 112:405-13. [PMID: 23397820 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2012.11680863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of an infected vascular prosthesis, a potentially life-threatening disease, is a precondition of adequate treatment. The most frequently used diagnostic imaging method is computer tomography. Non-acute infections caused by low grade agents may pose a challenge with ambiguous CT-images and other ancillary imaging methods are used for these cases, each offering different levels of diagnostic sensitivity. These methods come from the fields of radiology (magnetic resonance imaging - MRI) and nuclear medicine studies using labelled leukocytes (111In or 99mTc HMPAO), 99mTc labelled antigranulocyte antibodies, 67Ga-citrate or labelled antibiotics (99mTc-ciprofloxacin) or avidin in combination with 111In-biotin. Positron emission tomography (PET) or hybrid PET/CT using 18F-FDG are becoming increasingly popular. The authors of this review article point out the diagnostic potential of the different methods and current trends, including the possibilities of microbiological demonstration of the agent, as well as their potential position in the diagnostic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Spacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,General University Hospital, Praha 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - V. Jindrak
- Department of Microbiology, Praha 5, 150 30 Czech Republic
| | - R. Spunda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,General University Hospital, Praha 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - P. Stadler
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Praha 5, 150 30 Czech Republic
| | - J. Lindner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,General University Hospital, Praha 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - P. Mitas’
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,General University Hospital, Praha 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - O. Belohlavek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Na Homolce Hospital, Praha 5, 150 30 Czech Republic
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Sedivy P, Spacek M, El Samman K, Belohlavek O, Mach T, Jindrak V, Rohn V, Stadler P. Endovascular Treatment of Infected Aortic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:385-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lange C, Kattelans A, Rohn K, Lüpke M, Brückner HP, Stadler P. Kinetic examination of initial hoof contact, load distribution and break-over in the forelimbs of horses walking and trotting on a treadmill using the HoofTM System (Tekscan®). PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2012. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Weisse T, Berendonk T, Kamjunke N, Moser M, Scheffel U, Stadler P, Weithoff G. Significant habitat effects influence protist fitness: evidence for local adaptation from acidic mining lakes. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00157.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Schwabegger G, Ullah M, Irimia-Vladu M, Baumgartner M, Kanbur Y, Ahmed R, Stadler P, Bauer S, Sariciftci N, Sitter H. High mobility, low voltage operating C(60) based n-type organic field effect transistors. Synth Met 2011; 161-66:2058-2062. [PMID: 22049252 PMCID: PMC3197884 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on C(60) based organic field effect transistors (OFETs) that are well optimized for low voltage operation. By replacing commonly used dielectric layers by thin parylene films or by utilizing different organic materials like divinyltetramethyldisiloxane-bis(benzocyclo-butene) (BCB), low density polyethylene (PE) or adenine in combination with aluminum oxide (AlOx) to form a bilayer gate dielectric, it was possible to significantly increase the capacitance per unit area (up to two orders of magnitude). The assembly of metal-oxide and organic passivation layer combines the properties of the high dielectric constant of the metal oxide and the good organic-organic interface between semiconductor and insulator provided by a thin capping layer on top of the AlOx film. This results in OFETs that operate with voltages lower than 500 mV, while exhibiting field effect mobilities exceeding 3 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Schwabegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - M. Irimia-Vladu
- Institute of Soft Matter Physics, SOMAP, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, LIOS, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - M. Baumgartner
- Institute of Soft Matter Physics, SOMAP, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - Y. Kanbur
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R. Ahmed
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - P. Stadler
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, LIOS, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - S. Bauer
- Institute of Soft Matter Physics, SOMAP, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - N.S. Sariciftci
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, LIOS, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
| | - H. Sitter
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
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Giegé R, Jühling F, Pütz J, Stadler P, Sauter C, Florentz C. Structure of transfer RNAs: similarity and variability. WIREs RNA 2011; 3:37-61. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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