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Enabling methanol oxidation by interacting hybrid nano system of spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated MXene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4324-4337. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the successful implementation of direct methanol fuel cells in the commercial applications, highly efficient and durable non-noble electrocatalyst based on conducting and stable non-carbonaceous support can be a potential...
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Modelling and optimization of factors influencing adsorptive performance of agrowaste-derived Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites during remediation of Arsenic contaminated groundwater. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:53-65. [PMID: 32679332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites (NIONs) were synthesized from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse derived nanocelluloses for adsorptive removal of arsenic and associated contaminants present in groundwater samples. These NIONSs were superparamagnetic, hence magnetically recoverable and demonstrated promising recyclability. Synthesis of NIONs was confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS). FTIR and XPS data together with adsorption kinetics provide insights into probable adsorption mechanism of Arsenic by NIONs. The experimental conditions for 10 different variants were modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters; adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The results identified the best performing variants and the optimal conditions for maximal absorption (~99%). These results were validated using a three-layer feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Both RSM and ANN chemometric models were in close conformity for optimized conditions of highest adsorption by specific variants. The standardized conditions were used to expand the study to field-based arsenic contaminated groundwater samples and their performance to commercial adsorbents. NIONs show promising commercial potential for water remediation applications due to their high adsorptive performance, magnetic recoverability and recyclability.
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Frontline Science: AMPK regulates metabolic reprogramming necessary for interferon production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:299-308. [PMID: 32640499 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0220-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in innate viral immunity as the most potent producers of type I interferons (IFN) in the human body. However, the metabolic regulation of IFN production in such vast quantity remains poorly understood. In this study, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is strongly implicated as a driver of metabolic reprogramming that the authors and others have observed in pDCs after activation via TLR7/9. Oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were elevated following stimulation of pDCs with influenza or herpes simplex virus. Blocking these changes using mitochondrial inhibitors abrogated IFN-α production. While it appears that multiple carbon sources can be used by pDCs, blocking pyruvate metabolism had the strongest effect on IFN-α production. Furthermore, we saw no evidence of aerobic glycolysis (AG) during pDC activation and blocking lactate dehydrogenase activity did not inhibit IFN-α. TLR7/9 ligation induces a posttranslational modification in Raptor that is catalyzed by AMPK, and blocking TLR7/9 before virus introduction prevents this change. Finally, it is demonstrated that Dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor, inhibited both IFN-α production and MMP in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these data reveal a potential cellular mechanism for the metabolic reprogramming in TLR 7/9-activated pDCs that supports activation and IFN-α production.
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Triggering of the cGAS-STING Pathway in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Inhibits TLR9-Mediated IFN Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:223-236. [PMID: 32471881 PMCID: PMC7460725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are potent producers of type I and type III IFNs and play a major role in antiviral immunity and autoimmune disorders. The innate sensing of nucleic acids remains the major initiating factor for IFN production by pDCs. TLR-mediated sensing of nucleic acids via endosomal pathways has been studied and documented in detail, whereas the sensing of DNA in cytosolic compartment in human pDCs remains relatively unexplored. We now demonstrate the existence and functionality of the components of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway comprising cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of IFN gene (STING) in human pDCs. cGAS was initially located in the cytosolic compartment of pDCs and time-dependently colocalized with non-CpG double-stranded immunostimulatory DNA (ISD). Following the colocalization of ISD with cGAS, the downstream pathway was triggered as STING disassociated from its location at the endoplasmic reticulum. Upon direct stimulation of pDCs by STING agonist 2'3' cGAMP or dsDNA, pDC-s produced type I, and type III IFN. Moreover, we documented that cGAS-STING-mediated IFN production is mediated by nuclear translocation of IRF3 whereas TLR9-mediated activation occurs through IRF7. Our data also indicate that pDC prestimulation of cGAS-STING dampened the TLR9-mediated IFN production. Furthermore, triggering of cGAS-STING induced expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in pDCs, indicating a possible autoinhibitory loop that impedes IFN production by pDCs. Thus, our study indicates that the cGAS-STING pathway exists in parallel to the TLR9-mediated DNA recognition in human pDCs with cross-talk between these two pathways.
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Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome in a case of duodenal neuroendocrine tumor presenting with liver metastasis. J Postgrad Med 2017; 64:47-49. [PMID: 28862247 PMCID: PMC5820814 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_772_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is an uncommon disorder and comprises about 15% of all patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Duodenal carcinoids are rare, indolent tumors usually associated with a benign progression. We hereby report a rare case of CS resulting from ectopic ACTH secretion from a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) presenting with liver metastasis. A 37-year-old female presented with abdominal discomfort and dyspepsia of 1-month duration. Ultrasound abdomen suggested a well-defined hypoechoic lesion in the left lobe of the liver, suggestive of neoplasia. On clinical examination, she had Cushingoid features and persistent hypokalemia. Midnight ACTH and cortisol levels were grossly elevated at 1027 pg/ml (n < 46 pg/ml) and 87.56 μg/dl (n < 7.5 μg/ml), respectively. Both overnight and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test confirmed nonsuppressed cortisol levels - 86.04 and 84.42 μg/dl (n < 1.8 μg/ml), respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed a structurally normal pituitary gland. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed hepatic lesion with bilateral adrenal enlargement. A diagnosis of ectopic ACTH-dependent CS was made. Intraoperatively, a duodenal lesion of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm was identified alongside an 8 cm × 6 cm exophytic lesion in segment IV of the liver. Frozen section of the duodenal lesion was positive for NET. She underwent a Whipple's surgery, cholecystectomy, and left hepatic lobectomy. Postoperatively, she showed clinical and biochemical remission. Herewith, we report the third case of duodenal carcinoid tumor presenting as ectopic ACTH syndrome and the first with liver metastasis.
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Direct one-pot synthesis of glutathione capped hydrophilic FePt-CdS nanoprobe for efficient bimodal imaging application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:415-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rare case of radiologically distinct but pathologically admixed vestibular schwannoma and meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle: A case report. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 11:1029. [PMID: 26881608 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary intracranial tumors generally occur as solitary tumors. The association of two primary intracranial tumors of different histogenesis in the same individual is rare, except in cases of phakomatoses or radiation-induced tumors. Meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are one of the commonest tumors occurring intracranially. VS account for 80% of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, with meningiomas being the second most common tumor of the CPA. The occurrence of both a schwannoma and a meningioma in the CPA is rare. We report a case with coexistent CPA meningioma and VS, which were distinct radiologically on preoperative imaging, however had admixed areas of VS and meningioma on histopathological evaluation.
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SU-F-T-263: Dosimetric Characteristics of the Cine Acquisition Mode of An A-Si EPID. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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The cGAS-STING pathway is present and active in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.203.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs) function as sentinels against viral infection in humans by producingabundant amounts of Type-I and Type-III interferons as well as other cytokines. Detection of viral nucleic acids remains the major initiating factor forinterferon and cytokine production in pDCs. Although the Toll-likereceptor-mediated endosomal pathway of nucleic acid detection has been studiedand documented in great detail, detection of cytoplasmic DNA in human pDCsremains, for the most part, unexplored. Recently, a cytoplasmic pathway of DNArecognition and interferon expression has been discovered in the murine systemand certain human cell lines. This pathway is mediated by the cytoplasmicprotein cGAMP synthetase (cGAS), which initiates Type-I interferon productionvia a cyclic dinucleotide called 2′3′ cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which in turn,activates the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein Stimulator of InterferonGenes (STING) and leads to cytokine expression. Here, for the first time, wedemonstrate the existence of components of the cGAS/STING pathway present inhuman pDCs. Our data indicate that both cGAS and STING are transcribed and translatedin primary human pDCs. We have also confirmed the functionality of the pathwayby inducing cytokine (IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, IL-6) production through stimulatingpDCs by exogenous cGAMP. Our study suggests that this cGAS-STING-mediatedcytokine response exists in parallel to the TLR9-mediated DNA recognition andimmune activation in human pDCs.
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History of Cardiology in India published in the Indian Heart Journal recently 67:163-169, 2015 -- authors reply. Indian Heart J 2015; 67:619-620. [PMID: 27078891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
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High quality fluorescent cellulose nanofibers from endemic rice husk: Isolation and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hybrid nanostructured C-dot decorated Fe3O4electrode materials for superior electrochemical energy storage performance. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9221-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, the novel Fe3O4-C hybrid nanocomposite demonstrates high specific capacitance (S.C.) than the pristine Fe3O4nanospheres due to the presence of the highly conducting carbon quantum dots.
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Fe2O3/C nanocomposites having distinctive antioxidant activity and hemolysis prevention efficiency. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Incidence of BCR-ABL transcript variants in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: Their correlation with presenting features, risk scores and response to treatment with imatinib mesylate. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35:26-30. [PMID: 25006280 PMCID: PMC4080658 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.133707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The exact role of the different transcript variants of BCR-ABL in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and their impact on prognosis is yet to be definitely enumerated. Aims: In this study, we have tried to correlate the presenting features, risk scores and treatment response with the BCR-ABL variants detected in our patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional unicentric hospital-based study on 80 patients diagnosed to have CML by bone marrow cytogenetics and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: RT-PCR for BCR-ABL was performed on consecutive patients with CML attending the CML clinic from January 2010 to December 2010. The medical charts of these patients were analyzed after a follow-up of 18 months in a retrospective manner. Statistical Analysis: Box plot and histogram was used to see the distribution of variables. t-test was performed to enumerate the difference between risk scores in two populations of patients carrying two different BCR-ABL transcript variants. Results: Nearly 56.25% of patients had b3a2 (e14a2) while 41.25% of patients showed b2a2 (e13a2) transcripts. The rest 2.5% (two patients) expressed the rare e19b2 variant. Patients with b2a2 presented with higher Sokal, Hasford and European Treatment and Outcomes Study score than their b3a2 counterpart. Different parameters such as the platelet count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin and splenomegaly showed a minor difference between the groups. More patients in the b2a2 group achieved complete hematologic response at 3 months, but it was not significant. Conclusions: Patients with b2a2 variant CML tend to present with higher risk score, but do not behave in a vastly different manner than their b3a2 counterparts.
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Comparative effectiveness of treatments for recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Physico-chemical properties and water holding capacity of cultivated soils along altitudinal gradient in South Sikkim, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-058x.48.2.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Effect of thermomechanical treatment on structure and mechanical properties of plain low-carbon dual-phase steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/030716983803291686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Review on Production of 89Zr in a Medical Cyclotron for PET Radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med Technol 2013; 41:35-41. [DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.112.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 16 year-old female presented for her cosmetic deformity with a slowly progressing swelling of insidious onset on the upper part of the bridge of the nose slightly towards the left side for 3 year duration. Clinical & radiological examination revealed an intra-osseous tumor of nasal bone. Histopathologically the tumor was a cavernous haemangioma of nasal bone. A follow up study upto 13-year showed no recurrence. A detailed search of world literature is carried out with clinical history & history of trauma. It could that nasal bone haemangioma is separate disease entity. The patients usually seek advise for their cosmetic deformity & sometime for nasal bleeding.
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443 The Impact of Observation Services for Medicare Beneficiaries With Chest Pain. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Note: compact helical pulse forming line for the generation of longer duration rectangular pulse. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:066103. [PMID: 22755669 DOI: 10.1063/1.4728206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The helical pulsed forming line (PFL) can generate longer duration rectangular pulse in a smaller length. A compact PFL using helical water line is designed and experimentally investigated. The impedance of the helical PFL is 22 [ohm sign]. The compactness is achieved in terms of reduction in length of the PFL by a factor of 5.5 using helical water PFL as compared to coaxial water PFL of same length. The helical PFL was pulsed charged to 200 kV using a high voltage pulse transformer in 4.5 μs and discharged into the matched 22 Ω resistive load through a self-breakdown pressurized spark gap switch. The rectangular voltage pulse of 100 kV, 260 ns (FWHM) is measured across the load. The effect of reduction in water temperature on the pulse width is also studied experimentally. The increase in pulse width up to 7% more is observed by reducing the temperature of the deionized water to 5 °C. It will further reduce the length of the PFL and make the system small for compact pulsed power drivers.
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Authors reply on "Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy". Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:67. [PMID: 22279352 PMCID: PMC3263073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Authors reply on "Percutaneous nephrostomy under ultrasound guidance". Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:231. [PMID: 23087567 PMCID: PMC3459536 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.98788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Compact pulse forming line using barium titanate ceramic material. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:115102. [PMID: 22129008 DOI: 10.1063/1.3658823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic material has very high relative permittivity, so compact pulse forming line can be made using these materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) has a relative permittivity of 1200 so it is used for making compact pulse forming line (PFL). Barium titanate also has piezoelectric effects so it cracks during high voltages discharges due to stresses developed in it. Barium titanate is mixed with rubber which absorbs the piezoelectric stresses when the PFL is charged and regain its original shape after the discharge. A composite mixture of barium titanate with the neoprene rubber is prepared. The relative permittivity of the composite mixture is measured to be 85. A coaxial pulse forming line of inner diameter 120 mm, outer diameter 240 mm, and length 350 mm is made and the composite mixture of barium titanate and neoprene rubber is filled between the inner and outer cylinders. The PFL is charged up to 120 kV and discharged into 5 Ω load. The voltage pulse of 70 kV, 21 ns is measured across the load. The conventional PFL is made up of oil or plastics dielectrics with the relative permittivity of 2-10 [D. R. Linde, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th ed. (CRC, 2009); Xia et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 086113 (2008); Yang et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 43303 (2010)], which increases the length of PFL. We have reported the compactness in length achieved due to increase in relative permittivity of composite mixture by adding barium titanate in neoprene rubber.
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Abstract
A total of 2793 requisition forms received by the blood banks of a Service zonal hospital, between June 1995 and December 1999, were analysed. 1697 (60.71%) forms were demand for single unit blood. Blood was collected against only 1099 forms (39.34%) out of which 713 (64.88%) were single unit issue. Urgency of requirement and blood group of patients was omitted in 56% cases. 104 forms were received without mention of the indications for transfusion. History of previous transfusion and pregnancy/HDN were omitted in 25.1% and 37.38% cases respectively. At an average 14.61% of the total collection was discarded. Of the 292 units discarded, 242 units were due to non utilisation. A transfusion committee should be established in all hospitals with a licensed blood bank. It should constitute definite objectives and conduct regular audits (prospective audit, concurrent review or retrospective review), in order to achieve utmost efficiency and numerous benefits, in terms of workload, cost, errors, risks of transfusion and ultimately increased customer satisfaction. It should strive to abolish single unit and inappropriate transfusion, and advocate autologous transfusion.
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Abstract
Percutaneous nephrostomy is the procedure of establishing a temporary drainage tract of the renal pelvi-calyceal system through the skin. This study aims to find out whether low cost trocar catheter can be a suitable substitute for the relatively high cost fluoroscopy/ultrasonography guided tract dilatation and tube insertion procedure. Percutaneous nephrostomy by the trocar catheter was performed in 126 patients. Under local anesthesia, a stab wound deep enough to traverse the muscle layer was made through which the trocar - catheter drainage set was inserted under ultrasonography guidance. About 179 procedures were performed in 126 patients. Primary technical success rate was 94%, major complication rate 1.6%, minor complication rate 11% and catheter related complications like catheter blockage or dislodgement were 13%. There was no procedure related mortality in our series. The ultrasonography-guided trocar, catheter nephrostomy, is a quick, safe and low cost procedure in selected cases of upper urinary tract obstruction. The primary technical success and complication rates are comparable to any other reported procedure and its low cost is particularly suitable for developing countries like India.
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Abstract
Plasma foci of compact sizes and operating with low energies (from tens of joules to few hundred joules) have found application in recent years and have attracted plasma-physics scientists and engineers for research in this direction. We are presenting a low energy and miniature plasma focus which operates from a capacitor bank of 8.4 muF capacity, charged at 4.2-4.3 kV and delivering approximately 52 kA peak current at approximately 60 nH calculated circuit inductance. The total circuit inductance includes the plasma focus inductance. The reported plasma focus operates at the lowest voltage among all reported plasma foci so far. Moreover the cost of capacitor bank used for plasma focus is nearly 20 U.S. dollars making it very cheap. At low voltage operation of plasma focus, the initial breakdown mechanism becomes important for operation of plasma focus. The quartz glass tube is used as insulator and breakdown initiation is done on its surface. The total energy of the plasma focus is approximately 75 J. The plasma focus system is made compact and the switching of capacitor bank energy is done by manual operating switch. The focus is operated with hydrogen and deuterium filled at 1-2 mbar.
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A Case of Dysphonia. Med J Armed Forces India 2010; 66:78-9. [PMID: 27365713 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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P96 Emergency cervical cerclage in the presence of protruding membranes - Predictors of success or failure. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fatty Acid Binding Domain Mediated Conjugation of Ultrafine Magnetic Nanoparticles with Albumin Protein. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 4:138-143. [PMID: 20596435 PMCID: PMC2893867 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioconjugate of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was developed by taking recourse to the fatty acid binding property of the protein. From FT-IR study, it was found that conjugation took place covalently between the amine group of protein molecule and carboxyl group of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle. TEM study further signified the morphology of the proposed nanobioconjuagte. The binding constant of nanoparticle with protein molecule was evaluated from the optical property studies. Also, magnetic measurement (M-H) showed retaining of magnetic property by significant values of saturation magnetization and other hysteretic parameters.
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Abstract
While the function of each organ is used by each transplant team to assess suitability for transplantation, little is known about the donor characteristics and clinical interventions that contribute toward overall organ transplantation potential. We conduct a retrospective review of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) deceased donor registry data from January 2005 to December 2006. This registry contains all deceased donors from whom organs were recovered during this time period (n = 15,601). Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression models using variables in the registry are estimated to predict the number of organs transplanted. Outcome is the number of organs transplanted per donor. Organ yield is found to depend significantly on donor age, anoxia as cause of death, history of myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension and/or diabetes, body mass index (BMI), B or AB blood type, cocaine and/or cigarette use and hepatitis infection (p < 0.01). In addition, the clinical interventions of steroid administration, desmopressin (DDAVP) and diuretic usage, as well as oxygenation, are associated with organ yield. Both intrinsic donor characteristics and medical management practice are observed to be highly variable across organ procurement organizations (OPOs). These findings may provide important information to explore and assess the efficacy of clinical interventions, compare OPO performance and point to best practices.
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Synchronous primary triple neoplasia (renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer in combination with thyroid neoplasm). Report of an unusual case. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2007; 59:451-454. [PMID: 17947962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a very rare case of triple primary neoplasia synchronously originating in the prostate, kidney and thyroid, in a 79-year-old male who presented with hematuria and continuous pain at the right hip. Examination revealed an enlarged nodular thyroid, while digital rectal examination showed prostatic enlargement with elevated PSA (16.7 ng/mL). Plain radiography showed an osteolytic lesion in the right ischium. Ultrasonography and CT scan of left kidney suggested renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which was subsequently confirmed on histopathology of the left radical nephrectomy specimen. Biopsies from prostate showed adenocarcinoma, along with deposits in ischial biopsy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of neck swellings suggested deposits from thyroid follicular carcinoma, which was subsequently confirmed by histopathology of the near-total thyroidectomy specimen. Currently, the patient is on regular follow-up since the past 24 months.
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Abstract
Despite the high incidence of prostatic adenocarcinoma and its ability for wide dissemination, metastatic involvement of testis is rather uncommon. We report two cases (aged 76 and 55 years, respectively), where unilateral testicular metastasis was incidentally discovered after bilateral orchiectomy following detection of adenocarcinoma prostate in six-quadrant trucut specimen. Both patients had obstructive voiding symptoms, hard nodular prostate on direct rectal examination and raised serum prostate-specific antigen levels, without associated systemic or testicular symptoms. Extensive evaluation excluded any other possible primary, although axial skeletal metastasis was detected on radionucleotide bone scans, in the first case. These cases highlight the need for proper evaluation of testes and para-testicular structures, for accurate staging of these tumors and to exclude any possible metastasis.
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Expression of CD34 as a novel marker for glioneuronal lesions associated with chronic intractable epilepsy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32:461-8. [PMID: 16972880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of glioneuronal lesions underlying intractable epilepsies includes malformative pathologies like focal cortical dysplasia (FCD); and neoplastic lesions like gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNT). These may occur either singly or as dual lesions, having simultaneous presence of both elements. Currently, the relationship between the malformative and neoplastic glioneuronal lesions is poorly understood. Recently, CD34, a stem cell marker transiently expressed during early neurulation, has been identified in these tumours. This study was undertaken to (i) evaluate the role of CD34 as a diagnostic marker for glioneuronal lesions of epilepsy, namely, GG, DNT and FCD, and (ii) attempt to define the relationship among these lesions, using CD34 as a marker. Tissues resected from 47 patients with intractable epilepsy due to glioneuronal lesions (GG, FCD, DNT) were studied. These were evaluated for CD34 expression, using immunohistochemistry. Dysplastic or atypically differentiated neural precursors which could not be identified on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were highlighted by CD34 immunostaining. The pattern of immunostaining was diffuse in GGs, unlike FCDs, wherein cells were present singly or in small clusters. However, cases of DNT and control tissue were largely CD34-immunonegative. Based on these findings, we propose a possible common origin of GG and FCD, from a bipotent precursor that undergoes abnormal glioneuronal development, while DNTs possibly have a different origin. The CD34-immunoreactive cells represent dysplastic or undifferentiated neural precursors, which may signify a valuable marker for the diagnostic evaluation of neoplastic and/or malformative pathologies in patients with intractable epilepsy.
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Compressive myelopathy due to nocardiosis from dermal lesion. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2003; 51:318-21. [PMID: 12839365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis refers to locally invasive or disseminated infection associated with Nocardia species. Most infections enter through respiratory tract and then disseminate systemically. Rarely primary nocardial infection of the skin of the back may spread to contiguous structures including vertebrae. A 30 years male presented with indolent skin lesion in the upper dorsal region of the back for one year following an accident and subsequently developed features of spinal cord compression and parenchymal involvement of lung. The rarity of such type of spread in an immuno-competent individual has been highlighted.
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Autologous transfusion--a viable alternative. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2002; 50:674-8. [PMID: 12186122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transfusion of blood carries an inherent threat of immunological complications and an ever-increasing risk of transfusion transmitted diseases. A safer alternative to these potential dangers is autologous transfusion. This relatively simple and innocuous procedure strives to achieve the goal of 'Safe Blood', and can be practised easily in the peripheral hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study was conducted to evaluate this facet of transfusion medicine, in a Services Zonal Hospital, for the period January, 1998 to July, 2000. RESULTS A total of 45 pre-operative autologous collections were undertaken during this duration. By conducting regular interactive programmes with the healthcare workers and the patients, the rate of autologous transfusion vis-a-vis total transfusion increased from 0.34% in 1998 to 13.83% till July, 2000. CONCLUSION It is recommended that there should be vigorous participation at all levels in a hospital, under the auspices of an active hospital transfusion committee, to make this procedure more popular and more acceptable in today's scenario. This will not only reduce the load of allogenic transfusion, but will also help to diminish the potential hazards associated with blood transfusion.
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What is safe blood? THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2002; 50:288. [PMID: 12038675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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A discrete random effects probit model with application to the demand for preventive care. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2001; 10:371-383. [PMID: 11466800 DOI: 10.1002/hec.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
I have developed a random effects probit model in which the distribution of the random intercept is approximated by a discrete density. Monte Carlo results show that only three to four points of support are required for the discrete density to closely mimic normal and chi-squared densities and provide unbiased estimates of the structural parameters and the variance of the random intercept. The empirical application shows that both observed family characteristics and unobserved family-level heterogeneity are important determinants of the demand for preventive care.
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HOMOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION: DO WE HAVE ANY ALTERNATIVE? Med J Armed Forces India 2001; 57:268. [PMID: 27365614 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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HPA-1a-mediated platelet interaction with monocytes in vitro: involvement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) classes and inhibition by humanised monoclonal anti-FcgammaRI H22. Eur J Haematol 2000; 65:399-406. [PMID: 11168497 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.065006399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into mechanisms of platelet destruction and its possible inhibition during fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FAIT/NAIT) the binding to monocytes (Mo) of anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets, the initial step in IgG-mediated destruction by effector cells, was evaluated in an in vitro assay. Neonatal Mo were compared with adult Mo as effectors in the assay. Moreover, the potential involvement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) classes during platelet destruction in the disease was tested by using FcgammaR class-specific reagents as inhibitors of the binding reaction. Neonatal Mo were 37% less active than adult Mo in their interaction with anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets (p < 0.05). The FcgammaRI-specific reagents human monomeric IgG and humanised anti-FcgammaRI monoclonal H22 caused virtually complete inhibition of platelet binding to Mo. When compared to an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation the inhibitory activity of H22 was 10-100 x greater than that of the latter compound. Monoclonal anti-FcgammaRII IV.3 and anti-FcgammaRIII 3G8 decreased platelet binding by 70% and 64%, respectively, but only the anti-FcgammaRII inhibition was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Finally, anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets bound to 131H- but not to 131R- FcgammaRIIa transfected 3T6 mouse fibroblasts (p < 0.01), in an anti-HPA-1a-concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIa may be involved in anti-HPA-1a-mediated platelet destruction by mononuclear phagocytes during FAIT/NAIT. Moreover, the much greater potency ofmonoclonal H22 than of intravenous immunoglobulin as an inhibitor of anti-HPA-1a-mediated Mo-platelet interaction, might render it superior to the latter agent in the maternal therapy of the disorder.
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Abstract
Estimates of health care demand are known to depend on the empirical specification used in the analysis. In this paper, an innovative specification, the finite mixture model (FMM), is employed to estimate the utilization of and expenditures on behavioural health care. Unlike standard specifications, the FMM has the ability to distinguish between distinct classes of users of behavioural health care (e.g. the 'worried well' and the severely mentally ill). This new model is tested against standard empirical specifications using data from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. Using common risk stratifiers, estimates of utilization and costs are generated with each specification. It is found that the FMM provides a much better fit of both expenditure and utilization data than standard specifications, particularly among high intensity users that standard models have been unable to represent adequately. Furthermore, the results provide preliminary evidence that there are (at least) two distinct groups of users of behavioural health care. The empirical advantages of the FMM translate into superior estimates of mean costs and utilization that have widespread application in rate-setting exercises.
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Abstract
Factor VII deficiency is a rare hereditary coagulation disorder with an incidence estimated at 1 in 500,000 individuals. In this report, we describe the 13th case in pregnancy. The diagnosis of severe factor VII deficiency (factor VII level <5%) was established at 10 weeks' gestation after initial laboratory testing showed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time and a normal activated partial thromboplastin time. There was a history of two preterm deliveries, but there was no evidence of previous bleeding manifestations. Antenatal progress of the index pregnancy was unremarkable. Prophylactic treatment with fresh frozen plasma was started at the onset of labor and the patient had a vaginal delivery of a live girl at 36 weeks' gestation. There was no postpartum hemorrhage and mother and newborn were discharged in good condition. The patient's postpartum level of factor VII remained undetectable. Two aspects are outlined: the absence of any significant increase in factor VII clotting activity during this pregnancy and the need to give replacement therapy at labor in patients with severe factor VII deficiency to decrease the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rates and demographic determinants of work disability, hours worked per week, work-loss days, and wages in individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A probit regression analysis was performed on a cross-sectional population-based survey of U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population (National Medical Expenditures Survey--2, 1987). The sample was restricted to individuals aged > or = 25 years. A total of 1,502 individuals reported having diabetes, and 20,405 did not. Information on workforce participation and income were collected quarterly. Work disability was defined as a self-report of having been unable to work because of illness or disability for > or = 2 quarters in 1987. RESULTS Work disability was reported by 25.6% of individuals with diabetes, compared with 7.8% of those without diabetes. Work disability rates were higher for older people, females, and African-Americans, and lower for Hispanics and for individuals with greater non-wage income. Individuals with diabetes engaged in the workforce had more work-loss days than did nondiabetic individuals, but had similar hourly wages. Predicted mean earnings were significantly lower for individuals with diabetes at all ages, resulting in $4.7 million loss in earnings in 1987 due to work disability. CONCLUSIONS Work disability is significantly higher for individuals with diabetes than for those without diabetes at all ages, and results in a significant decrease in earnings. A disproportionate burden of work disability is borne by older individuals and women with diabetes. Better information on the determinants of work disability in individuals with diabetes is needed.
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Search for retroviral related DNA polymorphisms using RAPD PCR in schizophrenia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1453:216-20. [PMID: 10036319 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(98)00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is widely used to detect polymorphisms in many organisms. Individual (or strain) specific amplified bands are generated with single or pairs of primers in PCR reactions and can serve as genetic markers. We have used this method to generate a large number of reproducible bands with single primers, random and retroviral related, on 92 human DNA samples. Theoretically, RAPD PCR presents a logical approach for assessing variability among individuals. We used ten retroviral related primers (12, 20 and 22 bp) and eight random primers (10 bp) to assess individual differences in the context of testing the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. Three pairs of discordant monozygotic twins, four pairs of discordant full sibs and 53 schizophrenic individuals with 25 of their unrelated matched controls were analyzed. Ten of these primers resulted in a total of approx. 850 amplified bands (65-110 bands per primer). Almost all of these bands were identical among each individual analyzed. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. The general lack of RAPD polymorphism in this study may argue for mechanisms other than rearrangements such as inversions, associated with the evolution of the human genome.
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Provider choice and use of mental health care: implications for gatekeeper models. Health Serv Res 1998; 33:1263-84. [PMID: 9865220 PMCID: PMC1070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the ways in which the costs of nonresidential mental health care depend on (1) the type of provider who initiates the treatment episode and (2) the level of cost sharing imposed on the patient. STUDY SETTING The 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, a national probability sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. DATA COLLECTION Data were collected during four personal interviews conducted during 1987 and 1988. Key variables include the type of provider contacted at the beginning of treatment (psychiatrist, other physician, nonmedical mental health care specialist) and the cost (total actual payments from all sources) for the treatment episode. METHODS OF ANALYSIS An episodic model of demand for mental health care is estimated using a two-step procedure. Multinomial probit analysis is first used to determine the factors that influence the choice of initial provider type. Right-censored Tobit analysis is used to determine the factors that affect the costs of care, including the type of provider who initiates the care episode. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Results indicate that out-of-pocket price does significantly (p < .05) affect the patient's initial choice of provider type but that, after controlling for the endogeneity of provider choice, price is no longer significant in explaining overall treatment costs. After controlling for selection effects, care episodes initiated by nonspecialist physicians are found to be as expensive as those initiated by psychiatrists and significantly more expensive than episodes initiated by nonphysicians. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that nonmedical mental health care specialists may be more effective than physicians in controlling costs when used as case managers in the care of persons with mental illnesses.
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A single-primer PCR-based retroviral-related DNA polymorphism shared by two distinct human populations. Genome 1998; 41:662-8. [PMID: 9809437 DOI: 10.1139/g98-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost 10% of the human genome consists of DNA sequences that share homology with retroviruses. These sequences, which represent a stable component of the human genome (although some may retain the ability to transpose), remain poorly understood. We used degenerate primers specific to the two conserved regions (boxes 4 and 5) of the retroviral pol gene, common to all retroviruses, and PCR-amplified related sequences from individuals representing two distinct populations: Caucasians and Dogrib Indians. The large number of sequences that are reproducibly amplified represent numerous sites of retroviral integration in the human genome. In both populations studied, one of the two primers yielded a polymorphic band, present in approximately 30% of the samples, that has probably been present in the human genome since before the divergence of the two populations approximately 10,000 years ago. It was established that this polymorphism was due to priming-site differences and not to deletions. Further, this priming site is duplicated at two genomic sites (representing 341- and 343-bp fragments) with at least two alleles each. Such novel polymorphisms should provide useful markers and permit assessment of evolutionary mechanisms associated with retroviral-related genomic evolution.
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The formal mental health care burden among recently deinstitutionalized patients. J Behav Health Serv Res 1998; 25:346-56. [PMID: 9685753 DOI: 10.1007/bf02287473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the extent to which the costs of formal health care are shifted from third-party payers to the patient and his or her family, especially during the transition to the community after discharge from a state hospital. Findings indicate that patients residing in the community are as likely to receive some care as their counterparts in institutions, but are at higher risk for uncovered care. Uncovered care is more likely to manifest as an unmet need for patients who have been recently discharged, especially for racial minorities, and as an out-of-pocket expense for patients who are established in the community.
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the extent to which patients may substitute physician and non-physician outpatient mental health services in response to insurance coverage which differs by provider type. Using data from the National Medical Expenditure Survey, a semi-flexible two-stage demand specification is used to estimate substitution elasticities. Our results indicate that insurance coverage significantly affects the choice of provider from whom care is sought and, for individuals who seek care from both provider types, that physician and non-physician services are substitutes. Our elasticity estimates provide a welfare economic argument supporting coverage parity of physician and non-physician mental health services.
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