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Kaasalainen M, Zhang R, Vashisth P, Birjandi AA, S'Ari M, Martella DA, Isaacs M, Mäkilä E, Wang C, Moldenhauer E, Clarke P, Pinna A, Zhang X, Mustfa SA, Caprettini V, Morrell AP, Gentleman E, Brauer DS, Addison O, Zhang X, Bergholt M, Al-Jamal K, Volponi AA, Salonen J, Hondow N, Sharpe P, Chiappini C. Lithiated porous silicon nanowires stimulate periodontal regeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:487. [PMID: 38216556 PMCID: PMC10786831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a significant burden for oral health, causing progressive and irreversible damage to the support structure of the tooth. This complex structure, the periodontium, is composed of interconnected soft and mineralised tissues, posing a challenge for regenerative approaches. Materials combining silicon and lithium are widely studied in periodontal regeneration, as they stimulate bone repair via silicic acid release while providing regenerative stimuli through lithium activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Yet, existing materials for combined lithium and silicon release have limited control over ion release amounts and kinetics. Porous silicon can provide controlled silicic acid release, inducing osteogenesis to support bone regeneration. Prelithiation, a strategy developed for battery technology, can introduce large, controllable amounts of lithium within porous silicon, but yields a highly reactive material, unsuitable for biomedicine. This work debuts a strategy to lithiate porous silicon nanowires (LipSiNs) which generates a biocompatible and bioresorbable material. LipSiNs incorporate lithium to between 1% and 40% of silicon content, releasing lithium and silicic acid in a tailorable fashion from days to weeks. LipSiNs combine osteogenic, cementogenic and Wnt/β-catenin stimuli to regenerate bone, cementum and periodontal ligament fibres in a murine periodontal defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Kaasalainen
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anahid Ahmadi Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark S'Ari
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Labs, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Cong Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evelin Moldenhauer
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankinestr. 1, Landsberg am Lech, 86899, Germany
| | - Paul Clarke
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankinestr. 1, Landsberg am Lech, 86899, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW11AT, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Salman A Mustfa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander P Morrell
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Delia S Brauer
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Mads Bergholt
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Khuloud Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Singh S, Yadav SK, Meena VK, Vashisth P, Kalyanasundaram D. Orthopedic Scaffolds: Evaluation of Structural Strength and Permeability of Fluid Flow via an Open Cell Neovius Structure for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5900-5911. [PMID: 37702616 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bone to regenerate itself through mechanobiological responses is its dynamic property. Mechanical cues from a neighboring environment produce the structural strain to promote blood flow and bone marrow mobility that in turn aids the bone regeneration process. Occurrences of these phenomena are crucial for the success of metallic scaffolds implanted in the host bone tissue. Thus, permeability and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS) are two parameters that directly influence cell bioactivities inside a scaffold and are crucial for effective bone tissue regeneration. Given that the scaffolds shall be implanted in the body, permeability assessment was carried out using non-Newtonian fluid. In this work, the triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds with Neovius architectures were fabricated by using selective laser melting technology. The estimation of fluid flow was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with a non-Newtonian blood fluid model. Further, the structural strength of various open cell Neovius lattices was evaluated using a static compression test, and in vitro cell culture using Alamar blue assay was evaluated. Results revealed that the values of intrinsic blood flow permeability of the three-dimensional (3D)-printed open cell porous scaffold with Neovius architecture were of the same order of magnitude as those of human bone, ranging from 0.0025 × 10-9 to 0.0152 × 10-9 m2. The structural elastic modulus and compressive strength of NOCL40, NOCL50, and NOCL60 lattices range from 3.27 to 3.71 GPa and 194 to 205 MPa, respectively. All of the values are comparable to the human bone, thus making these lattices a suitable alternative for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Meena
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Bhati P, Srivastava A, Ahuja R, Chauhan P, Vashisth P, Bhatnagar N. Physicochemical Properties of UV-Irradiated, Biaxially Oriented PLA Tubular Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051097. [PMID: 36904337 PMCID: PMC10007632 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PLA and its blends are the most extensively used materials for various biomedical applications such as scaffolds, implants, and other medical devices. The most extensively used method for tubular scaffold fabrication is by using the extrusion process. However, PLA scaffolds show limitations such as low mechanical strength as compared to metallic scaffolds and inferior bioactivities, limiting their clinical application. Thus, in order to improve the mechanical properties of tubular scaffolds, they were biaxially expanded, wherein the bioactivity can be improved by surface modifications using UV treatment. However, detailed studies are needed to study the effect of UV irradiation on the surface properties of biaxially expanded scaffolds. In this work, tubular scaffolds were fabricated using a novel single-step biaxial expansion process, and the surface properties of the tubular scaffolds after different durations of UV irradiation were evaluated. The results show that changes in the surface wettability of scaffolds were observed after 2 min of UV exposure, and wettability increased with the increased duration of UV exposure. FTIR and XPS results were in conjunction and showed the formation of oxygen-rich functional groups with the increased UV irradiation of the surface. AFM showed increased surface roughness with the increase in UV duration. However, it was observed that scaffold crystallinity first increased and then decreased with the UV exposure. This study provides a new and detailed insight into the surface modification of the PLA scaffolds using UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Mechanical and Automation, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi 110006, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ramya Ahuja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
- Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam 530053, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
- Correspondence:
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Singh S, Vashisth P, Meena VK, Kalyanasundaram D. Cellular studies and sustained drug delivery via nanostructures fabricated on 3D printed porous Neovius lattices of Ti6Al4V ELI. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35447615 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific drug delivery has the potential to reduce drug dosage by 3 to 5-folds. Given the propensity of drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis and cancers, the increased drug dosages via oral ingestion for several months to a few years of medication is often detrimental to the health of patients. In this study, the sustained delivery of drugs with multiscale structured novel Neovius lattices was achieved. 3D Neovius Open Cell Lattices (NOCL) with porosities of 40, 45, and 50 % were fabricated layer-by-layer on the laser bed fusion process. Micron-sized Ti6Al4V Eli powder was used for 3D printing. The Young's modulus achieved from the novel Neovius lattices were in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 GPa, which is comparable to human cortical bone and helps to improve implant failure due to the stress shielding effect. To provide sustained drug delivery, nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated on NOCLs via high-voltage anodisation. The osteogenic agent icariin was loaded onto the NOCL-NT samples and their release profiles were studied for 7 days. A significantly steady and slow release rate of 0.05% per hour of the drug was achieved using NOCL-NT. In addition, the initial burst release of NOCL-NT was 4 fold lower than that of the open-cell lattices without nanotubes. Cellular studies using MG63 human osteoblast-like cells were performed to determine their biocompatibility and osteogenesis which were analysed using Calcein AM staining and Alamar Blue after 1, 5, and 7 days. 3D printed NOCL samples with NTs and with Icariin loaded NTs demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation as compared to as printed NOCL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, New Delhi, 110016, INDIA
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, II/253, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, INDIA
| | - Vijay Kumar Meena
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, CSIR, Chandigarh, New Delhi, 110001, INDIA
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, New Delhi, 110016, INDIA
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Gupta D, Vashisth P, Bellare J. Multiscale porosity in a 3D printed gellan-gelatin composite for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33761468 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf1a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a complex-shaped gelatin-gellan composite scaffold with multiscale porosity using a combination of cryogenic 3D printing and lyophilization for bone tissue engineering. Cryogenic 3D printing was used to fabricate a low-concentration composite of complex-shaped macroporous gelatin-gellan structures with a pore size of 919 ± 89 µm. This was followed by lyophilization to introduce micropores of size 20-250 µm and nanometre-level surface functionalities, thus achieving a hierarchical porous structure. These multiscale porous scaffolds (GMu) were compared with two other types of scaffolds having only microporosity (GMi) and macroporosity (GMa) with regard to their physical andin vitrobiological properties. GMu scaffolds were found to be better than GMi and GMa in terms of swelling percentage, degradation rate, uniform pore distribution, cellular infiltration, attachment, proliferation, protein generation and mineralization. In conclusion, we have developed a controlled hierarchical bone-like structure, biomimicking natural bone, together with a reproducible process of manufacture by coupling soft hydrogel 3D printing with lyophilization. This enables the development of complex-shaped patient-specific 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds with enhanced performancein vitroand great potential in the fields of tissue engineering, bioprinting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Bhati P, Ahuja R, Srivastava A, Pankaj, Singh S, Vashisth P, Bhatnagar N. Physicochemical characterization and mechanical performance analysis of biaxially oriented PLA/PCL tubular scaffolds for intended stent application. SN Appl Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ahuja R, Kumari N, Srivastava A, Bhati P, Vashisth P, Yadav PK, Jacob T, Narang R, Bhatnagar N. Biocompatibility analysis of PLA based candidate materials for cardiovascular stents in a rat subcutaneous implant model. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151615. [PMID: 33066837 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Modification of Polylactic acid (PLA), a biopolymer, is a strategy still to be fully explored for the next generation of bioresorbable vascular stent (BVS) biomaterials. With this focus, inclusions upto 5% of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Magnesium in PLA were tested in the rat subcutaneous model and their cellular and tissue interactions characterized, specifically with respect to inflammatory response, angiogenesis and capsularization. The cytokines IL6, TNF Alpha and IL-1Beta were estimated in the peri-implant tissue, all of which showed a non-significant difference between the non-implanted animals and those containing PLA by 8 weeks, speaking to the benign nature of PLA as an implant biomaterial. Both modified materials, had increased macrophage counts and cytokine levels, except IL6 at 8 weeks. Vascularization only at 8 weeks in PLA PCL containing tissue was significantly higher than pure PLA, which may be more carefully controlled along with the material hydrophobicity for possible efforts towards therapeutic angiogenesis. Capsule thickness, measured by staining with both Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's Trichome did not show any differences between materials, including PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ahuja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Kumari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Bhati
- Department of Mechanical & Automation Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - P K Yadav
- Central Animal Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Tony Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Narang
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
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Singh S, Vashisth P, Shrivastav A, Bhatnagar N. Corrigendum to “Synthesis and characterization of a novel open cellular Mg-based scaffold for tissue engineering application” [J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 94 (June 2019) 54–62]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vashisth P, Kar N, Gupta D, Bellare JR. Three Dimensional Quercetin-Functionalized Patterned Scaffold: Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment for Neural Tissue Engineering. ACS Omega 2020; 5:22325-22334. [PMID: 32923790 PMCID: PMC7482233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured neuronal areas is a big challenge owing to the complex structure and function of the nervous system along with the limited regeneration capacity of neural cells. Recent reports show that patterned and functionalized scaffolds could control neural cell directional growth. In this study, aligned nanofibers (ANFs) were fabricated using a versatile and cost-effective approach, electrospinning, and further processed to make a patterned hybrid scaffold (HANF). The patterned scaffold had circular rings of ANFs reinforced in a biocompatible gellan-gelatin hydrogel matrix to provide adequate mechanical strength and contact guidance for adhesion and growth of neural cells in vitro. Quercetin was loaded into the nanofibrous scaffold to provide a functional agent that supported regeneration of neural cells. The reinforced ANFs enhanced the mechanical strength of the scaffold and provided a cylindrical nerve conduit structure to support neuronal cell growth. The influence of scaffold topology on cell behavior was assessed in in vitro cell culture conditions that revealed that the functionalized patterned scaffolds favored directed neurite cell growth/extension with favored cell culture morphology and showed no cytotoxicity toward neural cells. The results ultimately indicated that the fabricated scaffold has potential for guiding nerve tissue growth and can be used as nerve regeneration scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vashisth
- Wadhwani
Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Neelakshi Kar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Jayesh R. Bellare
- Wadhwani
Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
- . Phone: +91 22 2576 7207. Fax: +91 22 2572 6895 or +91 22 2572 3480
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Singh S, Vashisth P, Shrivastav A, Bhatnagar N. Synthesis and characterization of a novel open cellular Mg-based scaffold for tissue engineering application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:54-62. [PMID: 30856480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a field which aims to regenerate damaged tissues by enhancing tissue growth through the porous architecture of the scaffolds which is desired to mimic the human cancellous bone. Mg-based scaffolds are gaining importance in the field of tissue engineering owing to its potential application as a biomaterial. However, fabrication of porous Mg remains a daunting task due to its highly reactive nature. In the present work, a novel Mg-based open cell porous structure with pore interconnectivity and significant strength is successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy approach and Ti-woven wire mesh as a space holding material. Pore morphology and percentage porosity can be easily altered by adjusting the Ti-wire diameter and shape of construct. SEM, EDX and µ-CT analysis were performed to assess the microstructural properties of the fabricated scaffold which revealed a uniform distribution of pores with porosity varying in range 50-60%. The measured values of ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus using quasi static compression test were found to be 101 MPa and 2 GPa, respectively. Further to improve corrosion resistance of fabricated scaffold, alloying and coating were carried out. Preliminary degradation study as well as cytocompatibility studies using L929 cells was carried out to validate the potential of fabricated scaffold for bone healing/repair applications. Fabricated porous structures showed improved corrosion resistance as well as cell viability of more than 90%, suggesting it as a promising development for bone scaffolding applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Alok Shrivastav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Vashisth P, Bellare JR. Development of hybrid scaffold with biomimetic 3D architecture for bone regeneration. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2018; 14:1325-1336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Vashisth P, Raghuwanshi N, Srivastava AK, Singh H, Nagar H, Pruthi V. Ofloxacin loaded gellan/PVA nanofibers - Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of their gastroretentive/mucoadhesive drug delivery potential. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017; 71:611-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Raghuwanshi N, Pathak A, Patel A, Vashisth P, Singh H, Srivastava AK, Pruthi V. Novel biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their therapeutic potential. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2017; 9:33-43. [PMID: 27814587 DOI: 10.2741/e783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we explored the medicinal uses of the novel biogenic silver nanoparticles of Pterospermum acerifolium (PaAgNPs) as a cost effective, eco-friendly, reducing and stabilizing compounds. The formation of PaAgNPs was confirmed by changing its color from colorless to yellowish brown, with maximum absorbance at 417 nm. FTIR spectrum of PaAgNPs suggested the presence of polycyclic compound similar to betulinic acid which plays as a capping agent and provided stability to PaAgNPs. FESEM and HRTEM images depicted the spherical shape of synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles with an average particle size range of 10-20 nm. The EDX spectrum of the solution confirmed the presence of elemental silver signals. The crystalline nature of PaAgNPs was identified by XRD technique and its stability was recorded using Zeta potential analyzer. The antioxidant potential was assayed using diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Maximum free radical scavenging action of PaAgNPs was 69.52% as compared to 63.53% for PALE. Using a model of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, PaAgNPs showed two-fold enhanced anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Raghuwanshi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Sapience Bioanalytical Research Lab, Bhopal 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Patel
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harmeet Singh
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Vikas Pruthi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India,,
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Vashisth P, Pruthi V. Synthesis and characterization of crosslinked gellan/PVA nanofibers for tissue engineering application. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 67:304-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wadhwani SA, Shedbalkar UU, Singh R, Vashisth P, Pruthi V, Chopade BA. Kinetics of Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Acinetobacter sp. SW30 Isolated from Environment. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:439-444. [PMID: 27784940 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell biomass and metal salt concentration have great influence on morphology of biosynthesized nanoparticle. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of varying cell density and gold salt concentrations on synthesis of nanoparticles and its morphology, which has not been studied in bacteria till now. When cells of Acinetobacter sp. SW30 were incubated with different cell density and gold chloride concentrations, tremendous variation in color of colloidal solution containing gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was observed indicating variation in their size and shapes. Surprisingly, monodispersed spherical AuNP of size ~19 nm were observed at lowest cell density and HAuCl4 salt concentration while increase in cell number resulted in formation of polyhedral AuNP (~39 nm). Significance of this study lays in the fact that the shape and dispersity of AuNP can be customized depending up on the requirement. FTIR spectrum revealed shift from 3221 to 3196 cm-1 indicating the presence and role of amino acids in Au3+ reduction while possible involvement of amide I and II groups in stabilization of AuNP. The rate constant was calculated for cell suspension of 2.1 × 109 cfu/ml challenged with 1.0 mM HAuCl4, incubated at 30 °C and pH 7 using the slopes of initial part of the plot log (Aα - At) versus time as 1.99 × 10-8 M. Also, this is the first study to report the kinetics of gold nanoparticle synthesis by Acinetobacter sp. SW30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety A Wadhwani
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
| | - Utkarsha U Shedbalkar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Balu A Chopade
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India ; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004 India
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Vashisth P, Nikhil K, Roy P, Pruthi PA, Singh RP, Pruthi V. A novel gellan–PVA nanofibrous scaffold for skin tissue regeneration: Fabrication and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:851-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vashisth P, Singh RP, Pruthi V. A controlled release system for quercetin from biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide)–polycaprolactone nanofibers and its in vitro antitumor activity. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911515613098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a potent natural antioxidant but has limited therapeutic applications due to its short half-life in body fluids. In order to improve the efficacy of quercetin and overcome its shortcomings, quercetin-encapsulated electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous controlled release system was developed using electrospinning technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and X-ray diffraction analysis suggested the incorporation, thermal stability, and existence of encapsulated quercetin in semicrystalline state in the nanofibers. The release profiles of quercetin from the poly(lactide-co-glycolide)–polycaprolactone nanofibers in phosphate-buffered saline showed controlled release of quercetin up to 120 h. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed an evident inhibition effect of quercetin-encapsulated nanofibers against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and the inhibition rate of 29%, 72%, and 80.1% were recorded for 1%, 2%, and 4% quercetin-encapsulated nanofibers, respectively. The formulated drug delivery system could be potentially used as an implantable anticancer drug in clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vashisth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Rajesh P Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Vashisth P, Kumar N, Sharma M, Pruthi V. Biomedical applications of ferulic acid encapsulated electrospun nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:36-44. [PMID: 28352571 PMCID: PMC4980756 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous phytochemical that holds enormous therapeutic potential but has not gained much consideration in biomedical sector due to its less bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility and physiochemical instability. In present investigation, the shortcomings associated with agro-waste derived ferulic acid were addressed by encapsulating it in electrospun nanofibrous matrix of poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylene oxide. Fluorescent microscopic analysis revealed that ferulic acid predominantly resides in the core of PLGA/PEO nanofibers. The average diameters of the PLGA/PEO and ferulic acid encapsulated PLGA/PEO nanofibers were recorded as 125 ± 65.5 nm and 150 ± 79.0 nm, respectively. The physiochemical properties of fabricated nanofibers are elucidated by IR, DSC and NMR studies. Free radical scavenging activity of fabricated nanofibers were estimated using di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed the cytotoxicity of ferulic acid encapsulated nanofibers against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. These ferulic acid encapsulated nanofibers could be potentially explored for therapeutic usage in biomedical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vashisth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Ghosh K, Rathi S, Gupta P, Vashisth P, Pruthi V. A Simple Fluorescent Probe Derived from Naphthylamine for Selective Detection of HgII, FeIIand FeIIIIons in Mixed Aqueous Media: Applications in Living Cells and Logic Gates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vashisth P, Pruthi PA, Singh RP, Pruthi V. Process optimization for fabrication of gellan based electrospun nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 109:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salunke GR, Ghosh S, Santosh Kumar RJ, Khade S, Vashisth P, Kale T, Chopade S, Pruthi V, Kundu G, Bellare JR, Chopade BA. Rapid efficient synthesis and characterization of silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica and their application in biofilm control. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2635-53. [PMID: 24920901 PMCID: PMC4043712 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significance in medical fields due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio. In this study, we synthesized NPs from a medicinally important plant - Plumbago zeylanica. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous root extract of P. zeylanica (PZRE) was analyzed for the presence of flavonoids, sugars, and organic acids using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and biochemical methods. The silver NPs (AgNPs), gold NPs (AuNPs), and bimetallic NPs (AgAuNPs) were synthesized from root extract and characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effects of these NPs on Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli biofilms were studied using quantitative biofilm inhibition and disruption assays, as well as using fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS PZRE showed the presence of phenolics, such as plumbagin, and flavonoids, in addition to citric acid, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch, using HPTLC, GC-TOF-MS, and quantitative analysis. Bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) were confirmed at absorbances of 440 nm (AgNPs), 570 nm (AuNPs), and 540 nm (AgAuNPs), respectively. The maximum rate of synthesis at 50°C was achieved with 5 mM AgNO₃ within 4.5 hours for AgNPs; and with 0.7 mM HAuCl4 within 5 hours for AuNPs. The synthesis of AgAuNPs, which completed within 90 minutes with 0.7 mM AgNO₃ and HAuCl₄, was found to be the fastest. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed bioreduction, while EDS and XRD patterns confirmed purity and the crystalline nature of the NPs, respectively. TEM micrographs and DLS showed about 60 nm monodispersed Ag nanospheres, 20-30 nm Au nanospheres adhering to form Au nanotriangles, and about 90 nm hexagonal blunt-ended AgAuNPs. These NPs also showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against E. coli, A. baumannii, S. aureus, and a mixed culture of A. baumannii and S. aureus. AgNPs inhibited biofilm in the range of 96%-99% and AgAuNPs from 93% to 98% in single-culture biofilms. AuNPs also showed biofilm inhibition, with the highest of 98% in S. aureus. AgNPs also showed good biofilm disruption, with the highest of 88% in A. baumannii. CONCLUSION This is the first report on rapid and efficient synthesis of AgNPs, AuNPs and AgAuNPs from P. zeylanica and their effect on quantitative inhibition and disruption of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri R Salunke
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, India
| | - Sougata Ghosh
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, India
| | | | - Samiksha Khade
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Trupti Kale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Complex, Pune, India
| | - Snehal Chopade
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Gopal Kundu
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Complex, Pune, India
| | - Jayesh R Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Balu A Chopade
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, India
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune, India
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Vashisth P, Nikhil K, Pemmaraju SC, Pruthi PA, Mallick V, Singh H, Patel A, Mishra NC, Singh RP, Pruthi V. Antibiofilm activity of quercetin-encapsulated cytocompatible nanofibers against Candida albicans. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911513502279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nanofibers against pro dimorphic fungal sessile growth were developed. Quercetin was successfully encapsulated within poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide)–poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers using an electrospinning technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer were used to confirm the formation as well as encapsulation of quercetin within the nanofibers. These fabricated nanofibers were further evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. The cytocompatibility of quercetin-encapsulated nanofibers was found to be similar to control and pure polymeric nanofibers based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. These fabricated nanofibers potentially could be used as coatings on biomedical devices to inhibit microbial contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vashisth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kumar Nikhil
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suma C Pemmaraju
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Parul A Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vivekanand Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harmeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alok Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narayan C Mishra
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh P Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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