Identification of Metabolites from Catharanthus roseus Leaves and Stem Extract, and In Vitro and In Silico Antibacterial Activity against Food Pathogens

The plant produced powerful secondary metabolites and showed strong antibacterial activities against food-spoiling bacterial pathogens. The present study aimed to evaluate antibacterial activities and to identify metabolites from the leaves and stems of Catharanthus roseus using NMR spectroscopy. The major metabolites likely to be observed in aqueous extraction were 2,3-butanediol, quinic acids, vindoline, chlorogenic acids, vindolinine, secologanin, and quercetin in the leaf and stem of the Catharanthus roseus. The aqueous extracts from the leaves and stems of this plant have been observed to be most effective against food spoilage bacterial strains, followed by methanol and hexane. However, leaf extract was observed to be most significant in terms of the content and potency of metabolites. The minimum inhibitory concentration (20 µg/mL) and bactericidal concentrations (35 g/mL) of leaf extract were observed to be significant as compared to the ampicillin. Molecular docking showed that chlorogenic acid and vindolinine strongly interacted with the bacterial penicillin-binding protein. The docking energies of chlorogenic acid and vindolinine also indicated that these could be used as food preservatives. Therefore, the observed metabolite could be utilized as a potent antibacterial compound for food preservation or to treat their illness, and further research is needed to perform.

Computational Approaches to Evaluate the Acetylcholinesterase Binding Interaction with Taxifolin for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes that break down and reduce the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). This can cause a variety of cognitive and neurological problems, including Alzheimer's disease. Taxifolin is a natural phytochemical generally found in yew tree bark and has significant pharmacological properties, such as being anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The binding affinity and inhibitory potency of taxifolin to these enzymes were evaluated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations followed by the MMPBSA approach, and the results were significant. Taxifolin's affinity for binding to the AChE-taxifolin complex was -8.85 kcal/mol, with an inhibition constant of 326.70 nM. It was observed to interact through hydrogen bonds. In contrast, the BChE-taxifolin complex binding energy was observed to be -7.42 kcal/mol, and it was significantly nearly equal to the standard inhibitor donepezil. The molecular dynamics and simulation signified the observed interactions of taxifolin with the studied enzymes. The MMPBSA total free energy of binding for AChE-taxifolin was -24.34 kcal/mol, while BChE-taxifolin was -16.14 kcal/mol. The present research suggests that taxifolin has a strong ability to bind and inhibit AChE and BChE and could be used to manage neuron-associated problems; however, further research is required to explore taxifolin's neurological therapeutic potential using animal models of Alzheimer's disease.

Computational Molecular Docking and Simulation-Based Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn Phytochemicals

The leaves, flowers, seeds, and bark of the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn plant have been pharmacologically evaluated to signify the medicinal importance traditionally described for various ailments. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory potentials of 26 natural compounds using AutoDock 4.2 and Molecular Dynamics (MDS) performed with the GROMACS tool. SwissADME evaluated ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) parameters. Arb_E and Beta-sito, natural compounds of the plant, showed significant levels of binding affinity against COX-1, COX-2, PDE4, PDE7, IL-17A, IL-17D, TNF-α, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin F synthase. The control drug celecoxib exhibited a binding energy of -9.29 kcal/mol, and among the tested compounds, Arb_E was the most significant (docking energy: -10.26 kcal/mol). Beta_sito was also observed with high and considerable docking energy of -8.86 kcal/mol with the COX-2 receptor. COX-2 simulation in the presence of Arb_E and control drug celecoxib, RMSD ranged from 0.15 to 0.25 nm, showing stability until the end of the simulation. Also, MM-PBSA analysis showed that Arb_E bound to COX-2 exhibited the lowest binding energy of -277.602 kJ/mol. Arb_E and Beta_sito showed interesting ADME physico-chemical and drug-like characteristics with significant drug-like effects. Therefore, the studied natural compounds could be potential anti-inflammatory molecules and need further in vitro/in vivo experimentation to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

Pharmacophore-Based Screening, Molecular Docking, and Dynamic Simulation of Fungal Metabolites as Inhibitors of Multi-Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), negatively affect the economic and psychological system. For AD, there is still a lack of disease-altering treatments and promising cures due to its complex pathophysiology. In this study, we computationally screened the natural database of fungal metabolites against three known therapeutic target proteins of AD. Initially, a pharmacophore-based, drug-likeness category was employed for screening, and it filtered the 14 (A-N) best hits out of 17,544 fungal metabolites. The 14 best hits were docked individually against GSK-3β, the NMDA receptor, and BACE-1 to investigate the potential of finding a multitarget inhibitor. We found that compounds B, F, and L were immuno-toxic, whereas E, H, I, and J had a higher LD50 dose (5000 mg/kg). Among the examined metabolites, the Bisacremine-C (compound I) was found to be the most active molecule against GSK-3β (ΔG: -8.7 ± 0.2 Kcal/mol, Ki: 2.4 × 106 M-1), NMDA (ΔG: -9.5 ± 0.1 Kcal/mol, Ki: 9.2 × 106 M-1), and BACE-1 (ΔG: -9.1 ± 0.2 Kcal/mol, Ki: 4.7 × 106 M-1). It showed a 25-fold higher affinity with GSK-3β, 6.3-fold higher affinity with NMDA, and 9.04-fold higher affinity with BACE-1 than their native ligands, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulation parameters, such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA, all confirmed that the overall structures of the targeted enzymes did not change significantly after binding with Bisacremine-C, and the ligand remained inside the binding cavity in a stable conformation for most of the simulation time. The most significant hydrophobic contacts for the GSK-3β-Bisacremine-C complex are with ILE62, VAL70, ALA83, and LEU188, whereas GLN185 is significant for H-bonds. In terms of hydrophobic contacts, TYR184 and PHE246 are the most important, while SER180 is vital for H-bonds in NMDA-Bisacremine-C. THR232 is the most crucial for H-bonds in BACE-1-Bisacremine-C and ILE110-produced hydrophobic contacts. This study laid a foundation for further experimental validation and clinical trials regarding the biopotency of Bisacremine-C.

Cefoperazone targets D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (DAC) to control Morganella morganii-mediated infection: a subtractive genomic and molecular dynamics approach

Morganella morganii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn meningitis. To control this bacterial pathogen a total of 3565 putative proteins targets in Morganella morganii were screened using comparative subtractive analysis of biochemical pathways annotated by the KEGG that did not share any similarities with human proteins. One of the targets, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB [Morganella] was observed to be implicated in the majority of cell wall synthesis pathways, leading to its selection as a novel pharmacological target. The drug that interacted optimally with the identified target was observed to be Cefoperazone (DB01329) with the estimated free energy of binding -8.9 Kcal/mol. During molecular dynamics simulations; it was observed that DB01328-2exb and DB01329-2exb complexes showed similar values as the control FMX-2exb complex near 0.2 nm with better stability. Furthermore, MMPBSA total free energy calculation showed better binding energy than the control complex for DB01329-2exb interaction i.e. -31.50 (±0.93) kcal/mol. Our presented research suggested that D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB could be a therapeutic target and cefoperazone could be a promising ligand to inhibit the D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB protein of Morganella morganii. To identify prospective therapeutic and vaccine targets in Morganella morganii, this is the first computational and subtractive genomics investigation of various metabolic pathways exploring other therapeutic targets of Morganella morganii. In vitro/in vivo experimental validation of the identified target D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase and the design of its inhibitors is suggested to figure out the best dose, the drug's effectiveness, and its toxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Multitargeted Virtual Screening and Molecular Simulation of Natural Product-like Compounds against GSK3β, NMDA-Receptor, and BACE-1 for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and several side effects of currently available medication inclined us to search for a novel natural cure by targeting multiple key regulatory proteins. We initially virtually screened the natural product-like compounds against GSK3β, NMDA receptor, and BACE-1 and thereafter validated the best hit through molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The results demonstrated that out of 2029 compounds, only 51 compounds exhibited better binding interactions than native ligands, with all three protein targets (NMDA, GSK3β, and BACE) considered multitarget inhibitors. Among them, F1094-0201 is the most potent inhibitor against multiple targets with binding energy -11.7, -10.6, and -12 kcal/mol, respectively. ADME-T analysis results showed that F1094-0201 was found to be suitable for CNS drug-likeness in addition to their other drug-likeness properties. The MDS results of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, SSE and residue interactions indicated the formation of a strong and stable association in the complex of ligands (F1094-0201) and proteins. These findings confirm the F1094-0201's ability to remain inside target proteins' binding pockets while forming a stable complex of protein-ligand. The free energies (MM/GBSA) of BACE-F1094-0201, GSK3β-F1094-0201, and NMDA-F1094-0201 complex formation were -73.78 ± 4.31 kcal mol^-1, -72.77 ± 3.43 kcal mol^-1, and -52.51 ± 2.85 kcal mol^-1, respectively. Amongst the target proteins, F1094-0201 have a more stable association with BACE, followed by NMDA and GSK3β. These attributes of F1094-0201 indicate it as a possible option for the management of pathophysiological pathways associated with AD.

Antibacterial Properties and Computational Insights of Potent Novel Linezolid-Based Oxazolidinones

The mounting evidence of bacterial resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics warrants the development of new antibacterial drugs on an urgent basis. Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, is a lead molecule in designing new oxazolidinones as antibacterial agents. In this study, we report the antibacterial potential of the novel oxazolidinone-sulphonamide/amide conjugates that were recently reported by our research group. The antibacterial assays showed that, from the series, oxazolidinones 2 and 3a exhibited excellent potency (MIC of 1.17 μg/mL) against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa strains, along with good antibiofilm activity. Docking studies revealed higher binding affinities of oxazolidinones 2 and 3a compared to linezolid, which were further validated by molecular dynamics simulations. In addition to this, other computational studies, one-descriptor (log P) analysis, ADME-T and drug likeness studies demonstrated the potential of these novel linezolid-based oxazolidinones to be taken forward for further studies.

Identification of Natural Compounds of the Apple as Inhibitors against Cholinesterase for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An In Silico Molecular Docking Simulation and ADMET Study

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in older people, causes neurological problems associated with memory and thinking. The key enzymes involved in Alzheimer's disease pathways are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Because of this, there is a lot of interest in finding new AChE inhibitors. Among compounds that are not alkaloids, flavonoids have stood out as good candidates. The apple fruit, Malus domestica (Rosaceae), is second only to cranberries regarding total phenolic compound concentration. Computational tools and biological databases were used to investigate enzymes and natural compounds. Molecular docking techniques were used to analyze the interactions of natural compounds of the apple with enzymes involved in the central nervous system (CNS), acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase, followed by binding affinity calculations using the AutoDock tool. The molecular docking results revealed that CID: 107905 exhibited the best interactions with AChE, with a binding affinity of -12.2 kcal/mol, and CID: 163103561 showed the highest binding affinity with BuChE, i.e., -11.2 kcal/mol. Importantly, it was observed that amino acid residue Trp286 of AChE was involved in hydrogen bond formation, Van Der Walls interactions, and Pi-Sigma/Pi-Pi interactions in the studied complexes. Moreover, the results of the Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) analysis indicated interaction stability. This study shows that CID: 12000657 could be used as an AChE inhibitor and CID: 135398658 as a BuChE inhibitor to treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.

Novel Indole-Tethered Chromene Derivatives: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Properties, and Key Computational Insights

Indole-tethered chromene derivatives were synthesised in a one-pot multicomponent reaction using N-alkyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehydes, 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, and malononitrile, catalysed by DBU at 60–65 °C in a short reaction time. The benefits of the methodology include non-toxicity, an uncomplicated set-up procedure, a faster reaction time, and high yields. Moreover, the anticancer properties of the synthesised compounds were tested against selected cancer cell lines. The derivatives 4c and 4d displayed very good cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 7.9 to 9.1 µM. Molecular docking revealed the potent derivatives have good binding affinity towards tubulin protein, better than the control, and the molecular dynamic simulations further demonstrated the stability of ligand-receptor interactions. Moreover, the derivatives followed all the drug-likeness filters.

Lysinibacilli: A Biological Factories Intended for Bio-Insecticidal, Bio-Control, and Bioremediation Activities

Microbes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, and their therapeutic and ecological potential is not much more explored and still needs to be explored more. The bacilli are a heterogeneous group of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Lysinibacillus are dominantly found as motile, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacilli belonging to phylum Firmicutes and the family Bacillaceae. Lysinibacillus species initially came into light due to their insecticidal and larvicidal properties. Bacillus thuringiensis, a well-known insecticidal Lysinibacillus, can control many insect vectors, including a malarial vector and another, a Plasmodium vector that transmits infectious microbes in humans. Now its potential in the environment as a piece of green machinery for remediation of heavy metal is used. Moreover, some species of Lysinibacillus have antimicrobial potential due to the bacteriocin, peptide antibiotics, and other therapeutic molecules. Thus, this review will explore the biological disease control abilities, food preservative, therapeutic, plant growth-promoting, bioremediation, and entomopathogenic potentials of the genus Lysinibacillus.

Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-amino-4-chloro-pyrimidine derivatives: Anticancer and computational study on potential inhibitory action against COVID-19

We report microwave synthesis of seven unique pyrimidine anchored derivatives (1–7) incorporating multifunctional amino derivatives along with their in vitro anticancer activity and their activity against COVID-19 in silico. 1–7 were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxic activity of 1–7 was tested against HCT116 and MCF7 cell lines, whereby 6 exhibited highest anticancer activity on HCT116 and MCF7 with EC₅₀ values of 89.24 ± 1.36 µM and 89.37 ± 1.17 µM, respectively.

Molecular docking was performed for derivatives (1–7) on main protease for SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6LU7). Results revealed that most of the derivatives had superior or equivalent affinity for the 3CLpro, as determined by docking and binding energy scores. 6 topped the rest with highest binding energy score of −8.12 kcal/mol with inhibition constant reported as 1.11 µM. ADME, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetics properties of 1–7 were tested using Swiss ADME tool. Toxicity analysis was done with pkCSM online server.

All derivatives showed high GI absorption. Except 1 and 3, all derivatives showed blood brain barrier permeability. Most derivatives showed negative logKp values suggesting derivatives are less skin permeable and bioavailability score of all derivatives was 0.55. The toxicity analysis demonstrated that all derivatives have no skin sensitization properties. 6 and 7 showed maximum tolerated dose (Human) values of −0.03 and −0.018, respectively and absence of AMES toxicity.

State-of-the-art Tools to Elucidate the Therapeutic Potential of TAT-peptide (TP) Conjugated Repurposing Drug Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins

BACKGROUND

In late 2019, a highly infectious and pathogenic coronavirus was recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes acute respiratory disease, threatening human health and public safety. A total of 448,327,303 documented cases and 6,028,576 deaths have been reported as of March 8th 2022. The COVID-19 vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials or already in use should provide at least some protection against SARS-CoV-2; however, the emergence of new variations as a result of mutations may lessen the effectiveness of the currently available vaccines. Since the efficacy of available drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 is notably lower, there is an urgent need to develop a potential drug to treat this deadly disease. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (SCoV-SG) is the foremost drug target among coronaviruses.

OBJECTIVE

The major objectives of the current study are to conduct a molecular docking study investigation of TAT-peptide^47-57(GRKKRRQRRRP)-conjugated remodified therapeutics such as ritonavir (RTV), lopinavir (LPV), favipiravir (FPV), remdesivir (RMV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), molnupiravir (MNV) and nirmatrelvir (NMV) with (SCoV-SG) structure.

METHODS

Molecular docking analysis was performed to study the interaction of repurposed drugs and drugs conjugated with the TAT-peptide with target SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) using Auto- Dock. Further docking investigation was completed with PatchDock and was visualized by the discovery of the studio visualizer 2020.

RESULTS

TAT-peptides are well-characterized immune enhancers that are used in intracellular drug delivery. The results of molecular docking analysis showed higher efficiency and significantly enhanced and improved interactions between TP-conjugated repurposed drugs and the target sites of the SCoV-SG structure.

CONCLUSION

The study concluded that TP-conjugated repurposed drugs may be effective in preventing COVID- 19, and therefore, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies are required in detail.

Antiviral Potential of Plants against COVID-19 during Outbreaks-An Update

Several human diseases are caused by viruses, including cancer, Type I diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, people have suffered greatly from viral diseases such as polio, mumps, measles, dengue fever, SARS, MERS, AIDS, chikungunya fever, encephalitis, and influenza. Recently, COVID-19 has become a pandemic in most parts of the world. Although vaccines are available to fight the infection, their safety and clinical trial data are still questionable. Social distancing, isolation, the use of sanitizer, and personal productive strategies have been implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. Moreover, the search for a potential therapeutic molecule is ongoing. Based on experiences with outbreaks of SARS and MERS, many research studies reveal the potential of medicinal herbs/plants or chemical compounds extracted from them to counteract the effects of these viral diseases. COVID-19's current status includes a decrease in infection rates as a result of large-scale vaccination program implementation by several countries. But it is still very close and needs to boost people's natural immunity in a cost-effective way through phytomedicines because many underdeveloped countries do not have their own vaccination facilities. In this article, phytomedicines as plant parts or plant-derived metabolites that can affect the entry of a virus or its infectiousness inside hosts are described. Finally, it is concluded that the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants must be analyzed and evaluated entirely in the control of COVID-19 in cases of uncontrollable SARS infection.

In Vitro, Molecular Docking and In Silico ADME/Tox Studies of Emodin and Chrysophanol against Human Colorectal and Cervical Carcinoma

Anthraquinones (AQs) are present in foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and traditional treatments and have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. In the search for anti-cancer drugs, AQ derivatives are an important class. In this study, anthraquinone aglycons chrysophanol (Chr), emodin (EM) and FDA-approved anticancer drug fluorouracil were analyzed by molecular docking studies against receptor molecules caspase-3, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) as novel candidates for future anticancer therapeutic development. The ADMET SAR database was used to predict the toxicity profile and pharmacokinetics of the Chr and EM. Furthermore, in silico results were validated by the in vitro anticancer activity against HCT-116 and HeLa cell lines to determine the anticancer effect. According to the docking studies simulated by the docking program AutoDock Vina 4.0, Chr and EM had good binding energies against the target proteins. It has been observed that Chr and EM show stronger molecular interaction than that of the FDA-approved anticancer drug fluorouracil. In the in vitro results, Chr and EM demonstrated promising anticancer activity in HCT-116 and HeLa cells. These findings lay the groundwork for the potential use of Chr and EM in the treatment of human colorectal and cervical carcinomas.

Identification of doxorubicin as a potential therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) protease: a molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies

After one year, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still the largest concern for the scientific community. Of the many recognized drug targets of SARS-CoV-2, the main protease is one of the most important target due to its function in viral replication. We conducted an in silico study with repurposing drugs of antibiotics class against virus protease and peptidase using AutoDock tool. The following significant binding energy interaction was observed with protease (PDB: 6LU7) like piperacillin -7.25; tobramycin -9.20 and doxorubicin (Doxo) -10.04 kcal/mol and with peptidase (PDB: 2GTB) piperacillin -7.08; tobramycin -8.54 and Doxo -9.89 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the interaction and stability behavior of the Doxo-protease and Doxo-peptidase complexes were analyzed for a 100-nanosecond (ns) time. Calculated RMSD values observed using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were found to be 0.15-0.25 nm, RMSF calculation per residues showed a value near 0.2 nm and Rg values remained approximately 2.25 nm. MM-PBSA analysis of total binding energy calculation of Doxo-protease and Doxo-peptidase complexes are found to be -148.692 and -105.367 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, amino acid residue ASP-197 showed the lowest contribution binding energy i.e. -18.1185 kJ/mol, and amino acid residue ASP-187 showed -17.0267 kJ/mol contribution energy. Thus, significant docking interaction and stable dynamicity of Doxo-protease complex with time was suggested that Doxo could be a choice to inhibit potentially the viral proteases that could prevent the entry inside the host cell to control the COVID-19 disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Molecular docking and dynamics studies of cigarette smoke carcinogens interacting with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes of the central nervous system

The free radicals produced by cigarette smoking are responsible for tissue damage, heart and lung diseases, and carcinogenesis. The effect of tobacco on the central nervous system (CNS) has received increased attention nowadays in research. Therefore, to explore the molecular interaction of cigarette smoke carcinogens (CSC) 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) with well-known targets of CNS-related disorders, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes, a cascade of the computational study was conducted including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The investigated results of NNAL+AChEcomplex, NNK+AChEcomplex, and NNK+BuChEcomplex based on intermolecular energies (∆G) were found to -8.57 kcal/mol, -8.21 kcal/mol, and -8.08 kcal/mol, respectively. MDS deviation and fluctuation plots of the NNAL and NNK interaction with AChE and BuChE have shown significant results. Further, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) results shown the best total binding energy (Binding∆G) -87.381 (+/-13.119) kJ/mol during NNK interaction with AChE. Our study suggests that CSC is well capable of altering the normal biomolecular mechanism of CNS; thus, obtained data could be useful to design extensive wet laboratory experimentation to know the effects of CSC on human CNS.

Computational analysis of PTP-1B site-directed mutations and their structural binding to potential inhibitors

Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) is a well-known therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity as it suppresses insulin and leptin signaling. PTP-1B deletion or pharmacological suppression boosted glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling without altering hepatic fat storage. Inhibitors of PTP-1B may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and shikonin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone dye pigment, is reported to inhibit PTP-1B and possess antidiabetic properties. Since the cell contains a large number of phosphatases, PTP-1B inhibitors must be effective and selective. To explore more about the mechanism underlying the inhibitor's efficacy and selectivity, we investigated its top four pharmacophores and used site-directed mutagenesis to insert amino acid mutations into PTP-1B as an extension of our previous study where we identified 4 pharmacophores of shikonin. The study aimed to examine the site-directed mutations like R24Y, S215E, and S216C influence the binding of shikonin pharmacophores, which act as selective inhibitors of PTP-1B. To achieve this purpose, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of wild-type (WT) and mutant PTP-1B with antidiabetic compounds were undertaken. The simulation results revealed that site-directed mutations can change the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions between shikonin pharmacophores and many residues in PTP-1B's active site, influencing the drug's binding affinity. These findings could aid researchers in better understanding PTP-1B inhibitors' selective binding mechanism and pave the path for the creation of effective PTP-1B inhibitors.

Dithymoquinone Analogues as Potential Candidate(s) for Neurological Manifestation Associated with COVID-19: A Therapeutic Strategy for Neuro-COVID

The COVID-19 era has prompted several researchers to search for a linkage between COVID-19 and its associated neurological manifestation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) acts as one such connecting link. spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can bind either to ACE-2 receptors or to TLR-4 receptors, leading to aggregation of α-synuclein and neurodegeneration via the activation of various cascades in neurons. Recently, dithymoquinone has been reported as a potent multi-targeting candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in the present study, dithymoquinone and its six analogues were explored to target 3CL^pro (main protease of SARS-CoV-2), TLR4 and PREP (Prolyl Oligopeptidases) by using the molecular docking and dynamics approach. Dithymoquinone (DTQ) analogues were designed in order to investigate the effect of different chemical groups on its bioactivity. It is noteworthy to mention that attention was given to the feasibility of synthesizing these analogues by a simple photo-dimerisation reaction. The DTQ analogue containing the 4-fluoroaniline moiety [Compound (4)] was selected for further analysis by molecular dynamics after screening via docking-interaction analyses. A YASARA structure tool built on the AMBER14 force field was used to analyze the 100 ns trajectory by taking 400 snapshots after every 250 ps. Moreover, RMSD, RoG, potential energy plots were successfully obtained for each interaction. Molecular docking results indicated strong interaction of compound (4) with 3CL^pro, TLR4 and PREP with a binding energy of -8.5 kcal/mol, -10.8 kcal/mol and -9.5 kcal/mol, respectively, which is better than other DTQ-analogues and control compounds. In addition, compound (4) did not violate Lipinski's rule and showed no toxicity. Moreover, molecular dynamic analyses revealed that the complex of compound (4) with target proteins was stable during the 100 ns trajectory. Overall, the results predicted that compound (4) could be developed into a potent anti-COVID agent with the ability to mitigate neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19.

Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176–191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Introduction

Numerous drugs with potent toxicity against cancer cells are available for treating malignancies, but therapeutic efficacies are limited due to their inefficient tumor targeting and deleterious effects on non-cancerous tissue. Therefore, two improvements are mandatory for improved chemotherapy 1) novel delivery techniques that can target cancer cells to deliver anticancer drugs and 2) methods to specifically enhance drug efficacy within tumors. The loading of inert drug carriers with anticancer agents and peptides which are able to bind (target) tumor-related proteins to enhance tumor drug accumulation and local cytotoxicity is a most promising approach.

Objective

To evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with human growth hormone hGH fragment 176–191 peptide plus the clinical chemotherapeutic doxorubicin in comparison with Chitosan loaded with doxorubicin alone.

Methods

Two sets of in silico experiments were performed using molecular docking simulations to determine the influence of hGH fragment 176–191 peptide on the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin 1) the binding affinities of hGH fragment 176–191 peptide to the breast cancer receptors, 2) the effects of hGH fragment 176–191 peptide binding on doxorubicin binding to these same receptors. Further, the influence of hGH fragment 176–191 peptide on the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin was validated using viability assay in Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Results

In silico analysis suggested that addition of the hGH fragment to doxorubicin-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles can enhance doxorubicin binding to multiple breast cancer protein targets, while photon correlation spectroscopy revealed that the synthesized dual-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles possess clinically favorable particle size, polydispersity index, as well as zeta potential.

Conclusion

These dual-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated greater anti-proliferative activity against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) than doxorubicin-loaded Chitosan. This dual-loading strategy may enhance the anticancer potency of doxorubicin and reduce the clinical side effects associated with non-target tissue exposure.

Investigation of antidiabetic properties of shikonin by targeting aldose reductase enzyme: In silico and in vitro studies

Diabetes is a complicated multifactorial disorder in which the patient generally observes polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria due to uncontrolled growth in blood sugar levels. For its management, the pharmaceutical industry is working day and night to find a better drug with no or least toxicity. That's why nowadays a more focused branch is to use herbal phytoconstituents for its prevention. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone natural dye that is isolated from the plants of the Boraginaceae family and has proven its role as an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-gonadotrophic agent. In our previous study, we have published its anti-diabetic action by inhibiting the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In this study, we were more focused on finding out the role of Shikonin and its pharmacophores by inhibiting the action of aldose reductase (AR) enzyme. The study was conducted using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and toxicity profile were also evaluated in this study. Along with all the computational biology parameters we also focused on the in vitro activity and kinetic study of inhibitory activity of Shikonin against aldose reductase.

New Imidazole-Based N-Phenylbenzamide Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Key Computational Insights

An efficient atom-economical synthetic protocol to access new imidazole-based N-phenylbenzamide derivatives is described. A one-pot three-component reaction was utilized to provide a series of N-phenylbenzamide derivatives in a short reaction time (2–4 h) with an 80–85% yield. The cytotoxic evaluation revealed that derivatives 4e and 4f exhibited good activity, with IC₅₀ values between 7.5 and 11.1 μM against the tested cancer cell lines. Computational studies revealed interesting insights: the docking of the active derivatives (4e and 4f) showed a higher affinity toward the target receptor protein than the control. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the active derivatives form stable complexes with the ABL1 kinase protein. Moreover, the ADME and drug-likeness of the derivatives reinforced the potential of the derivatives to be taken up for further development as anticancer agents.

TAT-peptide conjugated repurposing drug against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro): Potential therapeutic intervention to combat COVID-19

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that originated in Chinese city of Wuhan has caused around 906,092 deaths and 28,040,853 confirmed cases worldwide (https://covid19.who.int/, 11 September 2020). In a life-threatening situation, where there is no specific and licensed anti-COVID-19 vaccine or medicine available; the repurposed drug might act as a silver bullet. Currently, more than 211 vaccines, 80 antibodies, 31 antiviral drugs, 35 cell-based, 6 RNA-based and 131 other drugs are in clinical trials. It is therefore utter need of the hour to develop an effective drug that can be used for the treatment of COVID-19 before a vaccine can be developed. One of the best-characterized and attractive drug targets among coronaviruses is the main protease (3CL^pro). Therefore, the current study focuses on the molecular docking analysis of TAT-peptide^47–57 (GRKKRRQRRRP)-conjugated repurposed drugs (i.e., lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir, and hydroxychloroquine) with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CL^pro) to discover potential efficacy of TAT-peptide (TP) - conjugated repurposing drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The molecular docking results validated that TP-conjugated ritonavir, lopinavir, favipiravir, and hydroxychloroquine have superior and significantly enhanced interactions with the target SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In-silico approach employed in this study suggests that the combination of the drug with TP is an excelling alternative to develop a novel drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The development of TP based delivery of repurposing drugs might be an excellent approach to enhance the efficacy of the existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The predictions from the results obtained provide invaluable information that can be utilized for the choice of candidate drugs for in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. The outcome from this work prove crucial for exploring and developing novel cost-effective and biocompatible TP conjugated anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents in immediate future.

Therapeutic development by repurposing drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions by simulation studies

The human-to-human transmitted respiratory illness in COVID-19 affected by the pathogenic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in the last of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread in many countries. Thereon, based on the urgent need for therapeutic molecules, we conducted in silico based docking and simulation molecular interaction studies on repurposing drugs, targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Further, the best binding energy of doxorubicin interacting with virus spike protein (PDB: 6VYB) was observed to be -6.38 kcal/mol and it was followed by exemestane and gatifloxacin. The molecular simulation dynamics analysis of doxorubicin, Reference Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of Gyration (Rg), and formation of hydrogen bonds plot interpretation suggested, a significant deviation and fluctuation of Doxorubicin-Spike RBD complex during the whole simulation period. The Rg analysis has stated that the Doxorubicin-Spike RBD complex was stable during 15,000-35,000 ps MDS. The results have suggested that doxorubicin could inhibit the virus spike protein and prevent the access of the SARS-CoV-2 to the host cell. Thus, in-vitro/in-vivo research on these drugs could be advantageous to evaluate significant molecules that control the COVID-19 disease.

Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Management

Pneumonia like the pandemic COVID-19 is a virus disease, first time came into light in December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China.  As of today, more than two million deaths from more than 210 countries have been confirmed. This disease has modeled a great threat to human mental health, physical health, and forcefully stuck the routine life with psychosocial consequences globally. The COVID-19 disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which leads to acute respiratory distress. The pathogenesis of the disease started from virus entry to the host cell where it controlled the cellular system of the patient directly or indirectly. Population having cardiovascular, immunosuppressive, AIDS, and diabetes-like complications are thought to be very risky for mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The correlation to Noncommunicable diseases like cardiovascular disorders and diabetes has led our attention towards the management of these diseases in the corona outbreak. Thus, this review aimed to better understand the threats modeled by the disease COVID-19 to the cardiovascular system, and the medical community should share their experiences promptly. It is concluded that both published research and real-time experiences shared on social media by world experts will act as a valuable tool and will help to learn more about this disease. Several preventive and therapeutic measures including drug therapy are suggested to manage the disease in comorbidities conditions.

Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of the Shikonin by Allosteric Inhibition of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Using State of Art: An In Silico and In Vitro Tactics

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that affects both developing and developed countries and is a major public health concern. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market, which counteracts the associated pathologies. However, due to the propensity of side effects, there is an unmet need for the investigation of safe and effective drugs. This research aims to find a novel phytoconstituent having diminished action on blood glucose levels with the least side effects. Shikonin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone dying pigment obtained by the roots of the Boraginaceae family. Besides its use as pigments, it can be used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. This research aimed to hypothesize the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of Shikonin's in silico interaction with protein tyrosine phosphate 1B, as well as it's in vitro studies, in order to determine its potential anti-diabetic impact. To do so, molecular docking experiments with target proteins were conducted to assess their anti-diabetic ability. Analyzing associations with corresponding amino acids revealed the significant molecular interactions between Shikonin and diabetes-related target proteins. In silico pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of Shikonin using ADMET Descriptor, Toxicity Prediction, and Calculate Molecular Properties tools from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5. Filter by Lipinski and Veber Rule's module from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5 was applied to assess the drug-likeness of Shikonin. The in vitro studies exposed that Shikonin shows an inhibitory potential against the PTP1B with an IC50 value of 15.51 µM. The kinetics studies revealed that it has a competitive inhibitory effect (Ki = 7.5 M) on the enzyme system, which could be useful in the production of preventive and therapeutic agents. The findings of this research suggested that the Shikonin could be used as an anti-diabetic agent and can be used as a novel source for drug delivery.

Smoking May Increase the Risk of COVID-19 Infection: Evidence from In Silico Analysis

Introduction: SARS-CoV2, first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan as COVID-19 causing respiratory illness, rapidly evolved into a pandemic owing to its very high infectivity. There is insufficient evidence about if and how smoking affects the risk of COVID-19 infection, and the reports on whether smoking increases or reduces the risk of respiratory infections, are contradictory. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the effects of nicotine consumption on the infectivity of COVID-19. Methods: We performed in silico computer simulation-based study. The structures of SARS-CoV2spike ectodomain, and its receptor ACE2, were obtained from PDB. The structure of nicotine and its metabolites NNK and NNAL were obtained from the PubChem chemical database. After optimization, they were interacted using AutoDock 4.2, to see the effect of nicotine, NNK, or NNAL presence on the docking of viral spike protein to its receptor ACE2. Results: ACE2 vs spike protein interaction results were used as a control (ZDOCK score 1498.484, with four hydrogen bonds). The NNK+ACE2 vs spike protein docking formed 10 hydrogen bonds with the highest ZDOCK score of 1515.564. NNAL+ ACE2 vs spike protein interaction formed eleven hydrogen bonds with the ZDOCK score of 1499.371. Nicotine+ACE2 vs spike protein docking showed the lowest ZDOCK score of 1496.302 and formed 8 hydrogen bonds. Whereas, NNK+spike vs ACE2 interaction had a ZDOCK score of 1498.490 and formed eight hydrogen bonds. NNAL+spike vs ACE2 docking formed eleven hydrogen bonds with a ZDOCK score of 1498.482. And Nicotine+spike vs ACE2 interaction showed a ZDOCK score of 1498.488 and formed 9 hydrogen bonds. Conclusions: The binding of nicotine to either spike of virus or its receptor ACE2 is not affecting the viral docking with the receptor. But binding of NNK, a metabolite of nicotine, is facilitating the viral docking with its receptor indicating that smoking may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection.

Rational Design and Synthesis of Naphthalene Diimide Linked Bis-Naphthalimides as DNA Interactive Agents

A molecular modeling assisted rational design and synthesis of naphthalene diimide linked bis-naphthalimides as potential DNA interactive agents is described. Chemical templates incorporating naphthalene diimide as a linker in bis-naphthalimide motif were subjected to molecular docking analysis at specific intercalation and telomeric DNA G-quadruplex sites. Excellent results were obtained, which were better than the standards. A short and convenient synthetic route was employed to access these hybrids experimentally, followed by evaluation of their ability to cause thermal denaturation of DNA and cytotoxic properties along with ADME predictions. The obtained results provided useful insights and two potential molecules were identified for further development.

Molecular docking studies of tea (Thea sinensis Linn.) polyphenols inhibition pattern with Rat P-glycoprotein

Since 3000 B.C., evergreen plant Thea sinensis (Theaceae) is used both as a social and medicinal beverage. Leaves of T. sinensis contain amino acids, vitamins, caffeine, polysaccharides and polyphenols. Most of the natural medicinal actions of tea are due to the availability and abundance of polyphenols mainly catechins. It has also been stated that some catechins were absorbed more rapidly than other compounds after the oral administration of tea and could increase the bio-enhancing activities of anticancer drugs by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The results of the molecular docking showed that polyphenols bind easily to the active P-gp site. All compounds exhibited fluctuating binding affinity ranged from −11.67 to −8.36 kcal/mol. Observed binding energy required for theaflavin to bind to P-gp was lowest (−11.67 kcal/mol). The obtained data that supports all the selected polyphenols inhibited P-gp and therefore may enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study may play a vital role in finding hotspots in P-gp and eventually may be proved useful in designing compounds with high affinity and specificity to the protein.

Knowledge and Source of Information of COVID-19 among Students of Health Informatics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undertaken strong measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Several steps were taken to communicate with the public on how the virus spreads and various precautionary measures to be taken to prevent the disease. The knowledge and perception regarding COVID-19 influence the design and implementation of preventive measures and campaigns to control the spread of the virus. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of students at a health informatics program about COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study utilized a web-based survey about COVID-19 pandemic was distributed to 320 students (222 females and 98 males) at the Bachelor in Health Informatics Program, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia the first week of April 2020. The survey instrument was developed and distributed to all students in the program using social media platforms. The survey required 10 minutes to complete. Results: The study revealed that only 20% of respondents had adequate knowledge about the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, with 22.5% had knowledge about the right modes of transmission of the virus. However, 55.6% of them had adequate knowledge of ways of protection against COVID-19. The study findings reveal that a significant knowledge gap exists among health informatics students about COVID-19 regardless of the amount of available information about the pandemic. Social media was the major source of information to a majority (79%) of respondents. Conclusion: As COVID-19 continues to devastate the healthcare systems and creates a huge threat to human wellbeing, it is paramount to improve the knowledge and perceptions of university students in Saudi Arabia. An appropriate health promotion platform is recommended to reach all students in the country.

Structural Recognition and Binding Pattern Analysis of Human Topoisomerase II Alpha with Steroidal Drugs: In Silico Study to Switchover the Cancer Treatment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Topoisomerase TOP-IIA (TTOP-IIA) is widely used as a significant target for cancer therapeutics because of its involvement in cell proliferation. Steroidal drugs have been suggested for breast cancer treatment as aromatase enzymes inhibitors . TTOP-IIA inhibitors can be used as a target for the development of new cancer therapeutics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, we conducted a docking study on steroidal drugs Anastrozole (ANA), Letrozole (LET), and exemestane (EXE) with TTOP-IIA  to explore the therapeutic area of these drugs.

RESULTS

The binding interaction of EXE drug had significant docking interaction which is followed by ANA and LET. Thus, all these drugs could be used to inhibit the TTOP-IIA mediated cell proliferation and could be a hope to treat the other types of cancers. Among all three tested steroidal drugs, EXE showed binding energy -7.05 kcal/mol, hydrogen bond length1.78289 Å and amino acid involved in an interaction was A: LYS723:HZ3 -: UNK1:O6.

CONCLUSION

The obtained data showed the most significant binding interaction analyzed with the tested enzyme. Thus, in vitro laboratory experimentation and in vivo research are necessary to put forward therapeutic repositioning of these drugs to establish them as a broad spectrum potential anticancer drugs.
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Marine Drugs: A Hidden Wealth and a New Epoch for Cancer Management

BACKGROUND

Malignant tumors are the leading cause of death in humans. Due to the tedious efforts and investigations made in the field of marine drug discovery, there is now a scientific bridge between marine and pharmaceutical sciences. However, currently only few marine drugs have been lined towards anticancer direction yet many more to are be established in future as well.

METHOD

This review gives an overview of present status of marine natural products MNPs both at the level of research and clinical stages. The authors haved summarized the detail information of diverse marine organisms that were reportedto be active or potentially active in cancer treatment in the last two decades. Interstingly, marine organisms are abundant producer of plenty of structurally incomparable bioactive metabolites that have unusual mode of actions and diverse biosynthetic pathways.

RESULTS

This review summarizes the associated anticancer properties of different classes of marine natural compounds based on their structural diversity, biological activity, and the molecular mechanisms of action. Emphasis has also be given to recent advances in clinical development of marine agents used in clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS

The present review is summarising the various sources of marine chemicals and their exploration of anticancerous potential. There is justified hope for the discovery and development of new anticancer agents from the marine environment.

Nanoparticles as a Carrier System for Drug Delivery Across Blood Brain Barrier

Brain, the centre of the nervous system and an integral part the body, is protected by two anatomical and physiological barriers- Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier (BCSFB). Blood-Brain Barrier is a very complex and highly organized multicellular structure that shields the brain from harmful substances and invading organisms from the bloodstream and thus offering protection against various brain diseases and injuries. However, it also impede the effective delivery of drug to the brain, thus, preventing treatment of numerous neurological disorders. Even though various traditional approaches such as Intra-Cerebro-Ventricular (ICV) injection, use of implants, disruption of BBB and use of prodrugs have achieved some success in overcoming these barriers, researchers are continuously working for promising alternatives for improved brain drug delivery. Recent breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology provide an appropriate solution to problems associated with these delivery approaches and thus can be effectively used to treat a wide variety of brain diseases. Thus, nanotechnology promises to bring a great future to the individuals with various brain disorders. This review provides a brief overview of various brain drug delivery approaches along with limitations. In addition, the significance of nanoparticles as drug carrier systems for effective brain specific drug delivery has been highlighted. To show the complexity of the problems to be overcome for improved brain drug delivery, a concise intercellular classification of the BBB along with general transport routes across it is also included.

Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015) : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 30 November - 3 December 2015

O1 Regulation of genes by telomere length over long distances

Jerry W. Shay

O2 The microtubule destabilizer KIF2A regulates the postnatal establishment of neuronal circuits in addition to prenatal cell survival, cell migration, and axon elongation, and its loss leading to malformation of cortical development and severe epilepsy

Noriko Homma, Ruyun Zhou, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Adeel G. Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Nobutaka Hirokawa

O3 Integration of metagenomics and metabolomics in gut microbiome research

Maryam Goudarzi, Albert J. Fornace Jr.

O4 A unique integrated system to discern pathogenesis of central nervous system tumors

Saleh Baeesa, Deema Hussain, Mohammed Bangash, Fahad Alghamdi, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Angel Carracedo, Ishaq Khan, Hanadi Qashqari, Nawal Madkhali, Mohamad Saka, Kulvinder S. Saini, Awatif Jamal, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Adel Abuzenadah, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al Qahtani, Ghazi Damanhouri

O5 RPL27A is a target of miR-595 and deficiency contributes to ribosomal dysgenesis

Heba Alkhatabi

O6 Next generation DNA sequencing panels for haemostatic and platelet disorders and for Fanconi anaemia in routine diagnostic service

Anne Goodeve, Laura Crookes, Nikolas Niksic, Nicholas Beauchamp

O7 Targeted sequencing panels and their utilization in personalized medicine

Adel M. Abuzenadah

O8 International biobanking in the era of precision medicine

Jim Vaught

O9 Biobank and biodata for clinical and forensic applications

Bruce Budowle, Mourad Assidi, Abdelbaset Buhmeida

O10 Tissue microarray technique: a powerful adjunct tool for molecular profiling of solid tumors

Jaudah Al-Maghrabi

O11 The CEGMR biobanking unit: achievements, challenges and future plans

Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mourad Assidi, Leena Merdad

O12 Phylomedicine of tumors

Sudhir Kumar, Sayaka Miura, Karen Gomez

O13 Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics for colorectal cancer treatment

Angel Carracedo, Mahmood Rasool

O14 From association to causality: translation of GWAS findings for genomic medicine

Ahmed Rebai

O15 E-GRASP: an interactive database and web application for efficient analysis of disease-associated genetic information

Sajjad Karim, Hend F Nour Eldin, Heba Abusamra, Elham M Alhathli, Nada Salem, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani, Sudhir Kumar

O16 The supercomputer facility “AZIZ” at KAU: utility and future prospects

Hossam Faheem

O17 New research into the causes of male infertility

Ashok Agarwa

O18 The Klinefelter syndrome: recent progress in pathophysiology and management

Eberhard Nieschlag, Joachim Wistuba, Oliver S. Damm, Mohd A. Beg, Taha A. Abdel-Meguid, Hisham A. Mosli, Osama S. Bajouh, Adel M. Abuzenadah, Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani

O19 A new look to reproductive medicine in the era of genomics

Serdar Coskun

P1 Wnt signalling receptors expression in Saudi breast cancer patients

Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Ashraf Dallol, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Sahar Hakamy, Wejdan Al-Qahtani, Asia Al-Harbi, Shireen Hussain, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel Abuzenadah

P2 Analysis of oxidative stress interactome during spermatogenesis: a systems biology approach to reproduction

Burak Ozkosem, Rick DuBois

P3 Interleukin-18 gene variants are strongly associated with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.

Safia S Messaoudi, Maryam T Dandana, Touhami Mahjoub, Wassim Y Almawi

P4 Effect of environmental factors on gene-gene and gene-environment reactions: model and theoretical study applied to environmental interventions using genotype

S. Abdalla, M. Nabil Al-Aama

P5 Genomics and transcriptomic analysis of imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Asmaa Elzawahry, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Sachiyo Mimaki, Eisaku Furukawa, Rie Nakatsuka, Isao Kurosaka, Takahiko Nishigaki, Hiromi Nakamura, Satoshi Serada, Tetsuji Naka, Seiichi Hirota, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Katsuya Tsuchihara, Toshirou Nishida, Mamoru Kato

P6 In-Silico analysis of putative HCV epitopes against Pakistani human leukocyte antigen background: an approach towards development of future vaccines for Pakistani population

Sajid Mehmood, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf, Awais Asif, Muhammad Bilal, Malik Siddique Mehmood, Aadil Hussain

P7 Inhibition of AChE and BuChE with the natural compounds of Bacopa monerri for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a bioinformatics approach

Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Mughees Uddin Siddiqui, Mohammad A. Alzohairy, Mohammad A. Al Karaawi

P8 Her2 expression in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in Saudi Arabia

Taoufik Nedjadi, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Mourad Assidi, Heba Al-Khattabi, Adel Al-Ammari, Ahmed Al-Sayyad, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P9 Association of angiotensinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms with Preeclampsia in patients from North Africa

Hédia Zitouni, Nozha Raguema, Marwa Ben Ali, Wided Malah, Raja Lfalah, Wassim Almawi, Touhami Mahjoub

P10 Systems biology analysis reveals relations between normal skin, benign nevi and malignant melanoma

Mohammed Elanbari, Andrey Ptitsyn

P11 The apoptotic effect of thymoquinone in Jurkat cells

Sana Mahjoub, Rabeb El Ghali, Bechir Achour, Nidhal Ben Amor, Mourad Assidi, Brahim N'siri, Hamid Morjani

P12 Sonic hedgehog contributes in bladder cancer invasion in Saudi Arabia

Taoufik Nedjadi, Adel Al-Ammari, Ahmed Al-Sayyad, Nada Salem, Esam Azhar, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi

P13 Association of Interleukin 18 gene promoter polymorphisms - 607A/C and -137 G/C with colorectal cancer onset in a sample of Tunisian population

Vera Chayeb, Maryam Dendena, Hedia Zitouni, Khedija Zouari-Limayem, Touhami Mahjoub

P14 Pathological expression of interleukin-6, -11, leukemia inhibitory factor and their receptors in tubal gestation with and without tubal cytomegalovirus infection

Bassem Refaat, Ahmed M Ashshi, Sarah A Batwa

P15 Phenotypic and genetic profiling of avian pathogenic and human diarrhegenic Escherichia coli in Egypt

Hazem Ramadan, Amal Awad, Ahmed Ateya

P16 Cancer-targeting dual gene virotherapy as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Adel Galal Ahmed El-Shemi, Ahmad Ashshi, Mohammed Basalamah, Youjin Na, Chae-Ok YUN

P17 Cancer dual gene therapy with oncolytic adenoviruses expressing TRAIL and IL-12 transgenes markedly eradicated human hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo

Adel Galal Ahmed El-Shemi, Ahmad Ashshi, Mohammed Basalamah, Youjin Na, Chae-Ok Yun

P18 Therapy with paricalcitol attenuates tumor growth and augments tumoricidal and anti-oncogenic effects of 5-fluorouracil on animal model of colon cancer

Adel Galal El-Shemi, Bassem Refaat, Osama Kensara, Amr Abdelfattah

P19 The effects of Rubus idaeus extract on normal human lymphocytes and cancer cell line

Batol Imran Dheeb, Mohammed M. F. Al-Halbosiy, Rghad Kadhim Al lihabi, Basim Mohammed Khashman

P20 Etanercept, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain

Djouhri, Laiche, Chaudhary Adeel, Nedjadi, Taoufik

P21 Sleeping beauty mutagenesis system identified genes and neuronal transcription factor network involved in pediatric solid tumour (medulloblastoma)

Hani Al-Afghani, Maria Łastowska, Haya H Al-Balool, Harsh Sheth, Emma Mercer, Jonathan M Coxhead, Chris PF Redfern, Heiko Peters, Alastair D Burt, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, Chris M Bacon, Louis Chesler, Alistair G Rust, David J Adams, Daniel Williamson, Steven C Clifford, Michael S Jackson

P22 Involvement of interleukin-1 in vitiligo pathogenesis

Mala Singh, Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri, Shahnawaz D. Jadeja, Hima Patel, Yogesh S. Marfatia, Rasheedunnisa Begum

P23 Cytogenetics abnormalities in 12,884 referred population for chromosomal analysis and the role of FISH in refining the diagnosis (cytogenetic experience 2004-2013)

Amal M Mohamed, Alaa K Kamel, Nivin A Helmy, Sayda A Hammad, Hesham F Kayed, Marwa I Shehab, Assad El Gerzawy, Maha M. Ead, Ola M Ead, Mona Mekkawy, Innas Mazen, Mona El-Ruby

P24 Analysis of binding properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 through in silico method

S. M. A. Shahid, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, J. M. Arif, Mohtashim Lohani

P25 Relationship of genetics markers cis and trans to the β-S globin gene with fetal hemoglobin expression in Tunisian sickle cell patients

Moumni Imen, Chaouch Leila, Ouragini Houyem, Douzi Kais, Chaouachi Dorra Mellouli Fethi, Bejaoui Mohamed, Abbes Salem

P26 Analysis of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms in breast cancer: link to genetic predisposition in Sudanese women

Areeg Faggad, Amanuel T Gebreslasie, Hani Y Zaki, Badreldin E Abdalla

P27 KCNQI gene polymorphism and its association with CVD and T2DM in the Saudi population

Maha S AlShammari, Rhaya Al-Ali, Nader Al-Balawi , Mansour Al-Enazi, Ali Al-Muraikhi, Fadi Busaleh, Ali Al-Sahwan, Francis Borgio, Abdulazeez Sayyed, Amein Al-Ali, Sadananda Acharya

P28 Clinical, neuroimaging and cytogenetic study of a patient with microcephaly capillary malformation syndrome

Maha S. Zaki, Hala T. El-Bassyouni, Marwa I. Shehab

P29 Altered expression of CD200R1 on dendritic cells of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: in silico investigations and clinical evaluations

Mohammed F. Elshal, Kaleemuddin M., Alia M. Aldahlawi, Omar Saadah,

J. Philip McCoy

P30 Development of real time PCR diagnostic protocol specific for the Saudi Arabian H1N1 viral strains

Adel E El-Tarras, Nabil S Awad, Abdulla A Alharthi, Mohamed M M Ibrahim

P31 Identification of novel genetic variations affecting Osteoarthritis patients

Haneen S Alsehli, Ashraf Dallol, Abdullah M Gari, Mohammed M Abbas, Roaa A Kadam, Mazen M. Gari, Mohmmed H Alkaff, Adel M Abuzenadah, Mamdooh A Gari

P32 An integrated database of GWAS SNVs and their evolutionary properties

Heba Abusamra, Sajjad Karim, Hend F Nour eldin, Elham M Alhathli, Nada Salem, Sudhir Kumar, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P33 Familial hypercholesterolemia in Saudi Arabia: prime time for a national registry and genetic analysis

Fatima A. Moradi, Omran M. Rashidi, Zuhier A. Awan

P34 Comparative genomics and network-based analyses of early hepatocellular carcinoma

Ibrahim Hamza Kaya, Olfat Al-Harazi, Dilek Colak

P35 A TALEN-based oncolytic viral vector approach to knock out ABCB1 gene mediated chemoresistance in cancer stem cells

Nabila A Alkousi, Takis Athanasopoulos

P36 Cartilage differentiation and gene expression of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoarthritis patients

Afnan O Bahmaid, Etimad A Alhwait, Mamdooh A Gari, Haneen S Alsehli, Mohammed M Abbas, Mohammed H Alkaf, Roaa Kadam, Ashraf Dallol, Gauthaman Kalamegam

P37 E-GRASP: Adding an evolutionary component to the genome-wide repository of associations (GRASP) resource

Hend F Nour Eldin, Sajjad Karim, Heba Abusamra, Elham Alhathli, Nada Salem, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani, Sudhir Kumar

P38 Screening of AGL gene mutation in Saudi family with glycogen storage disease Type III

Salma N Alsayed, Fawziah H Aljohani, Samaher M Habeeb, Rawan A Almashali, Sulman Basit, Samia M Ahmed

P39 High throughput proteomic data suggest modulation of cAMP dependent protein kinase A and mitochondrial function in infertile patients with varicocele

Rakesh Sharma, Ashok Agarwal, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Luna Samanta, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Adel M. Abuzenadah, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P40 Significant protein profile alterations in men with primary and secondary infertility

Ashok Agarwal, Rakesh Sharma, Luna Samanta, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel M. Abuzenadah, Edmund S. Sabanegh

P41 Spermatozoa maturation in infertile patients involves compromised expression of heat shock proteins

Luna Samanta, Ashok Agarwal, Rakesh Sharma, Zhihong Cui, Mourad Assidi, Adel M. Abuzenadah, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P42 Array comparative genomic hybridization approach to search genomic answers for spontaneous recurrent abortion in Saudi Arabia

Alaa A Alboogmi, Nuha A Alansari, Maha M Al-Quaiti, Fai T Ashgan, Afnan Bandah, Hasan S Jamal, Abdullraheem Rozi_, Zeenat Mirza, Adel M Abuzenadah, Sajjad Karim, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P43 Global gene expression profiling of Saudi kidney cancer patients

Sajjad Karim, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Ahmad J Al Sayyad, Hasan MA Farsi, Jaudah A Al-Maghrabi, Zeenat Mirza, Reem Alotibi, Alaa Al-Ahmadi, Nuha A Alansari, Alaa A Albogmi, Maha M Al-Quaiti, Fai T Ashgan, Afnan Bandah, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P44 Downregulated StAR gene and male reproductive dysfunction caused by nifedipine and ethosuximide

Rasha A Ebiya, Samia M Darwish, Metwally M. Montaser

P45 Clustering based gene expression feature selection method: A computational approach to enrich the classifier efficiency of differentially expressed genes

Heba Abusamra, Vladimir B. Bajic

P46 Prognostic significance of Osteopontin expression profile in colorectal carcinoma

Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Wafaey Gomaa, Mehenaz Hanbazazh, Mahmoud Al-Ahwal, Asia Al-Harbi, Wejdan Al-Qahtani, Saher Hakamy, Ghali Baba, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P47 High Glypican-3 expression pattern predicts longer disease-specific survival in colorectal carcinoma

Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Abdullah Al-Harbi, Mahmoud Al-Ahwal, Asia Al-Harbi, Wejdan Al-Qahtani, Sahar Hakamy, Ghalia Baba, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P48 An evolutionary re-assessment of GWAS single nucleotide variants implicated in the Cholesterol traits

Elham M Alhathli, Sajjad Karim, Nada Salem, Hend Nour Eldin, Heba Abusamra, Sudhir Kumar, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P49 Derivation and characterization of human Wharton’s jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) in vitro for future therapeutic applications

Aisha A Alyamani, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Etimad A Alhwait, Mamdooh A Gari, Mohammed M Abbas, Mohammed H Alkaf, Haneen S Alsehli, Roaa A Kadam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P50 Attitudes of healthcare students toward biomedical research in the post-genomic era

Rawan Gadi, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mourad Assidi , Adeel Chaudhary, Leena Merdad

P51 Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of thymoquinone on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from osteoarthritic patients

Saadiah M Alfakeeh, Etimad A Alhwait, Mamdooh A Gari, Mohammed M Abbas, Mohammed H Alkaf, Haneen S Alsehli, Roaa Kadam, Gauthaman Kalamegam

P52 Implication of IL-10 and IL-28 polymorphism with successful anti-HCV therapy and viral clearance

Rubi Ghazala, Shilu Mathew, M.Haroon Hamed, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Ishtiaq Qadri

P53 Selection of flavonoids against obesity protein (FTO) using in silico and in vitro approaches

Shilu Mathew, Lobna Mira, Manal Shaabad, Shireen Hussain, Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P54 Computational selection and in vitro validation of flavonoids as new antidepressant agents

Shilu Mathew, Manal Shaabad, Lobna Mira, Shireen Hussain, Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P55 In Silico prediction and prioritization of aging candidate genes associated with

progressive telomere shortening

Ahmed Rebai, Mourad Assidi, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Ashraf Dallol, Jerry W Shay

P56 Identification of new cancer testis antigen genes in diverse types of malignant human tumour cells

Mikhlid H Almutairi

P57 More comprehensive forensic genetic marker analyses for accurate human remains identification using massively parallel sequencing (MPS)

Angie Ambers, Jennifer Churchill, Jonathan King, Monika Stoljarova, Harrell Gill-King, Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Muhammad Al-Qatani, Bruce Budowle

P58 Flow cytometry approach towards treatment men infertility in Saudi Arabia

Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Farid Ahmed, Ashraf Dallol, Mourad Assidi, Taha Abo Almagd, Sahar Hakamy, Ashok Agarwal, Muhammad Al-Qahtani, Adel Abuzenadah

P59 Tissue microarray based validation of CyclinD1 expression in renal cell carcinoma of Saudi kidney patients

Sajjad Karim, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Ahmad J Al Sayyad, Hasan MA Farsi, Jaudah A Al-Maghrabi, Abdelbaset Buhmaida, Zeenat Mirza, Reem Alotibi, Alaa Al-Ahmadi, Nuha A Alansari, Alaa A Albogmi, Maha M Al-Quaiti, Fai T Ashgan, Afnan Bandah, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P60 Assessment of gold nanoparticles in molecular diagnostics and DNA damage studies

Rukhsana Satar, Mahmood Rasool, Waseem Ahmad, Nazia Nazam, Mohamad I Lone, Muhammad I Naseer, Mohammad S Jamal, Syed K Zaidi, Peter N Pushparaj, Mohammad A Jafri, Shakeel A Ansari, Mohammed H Alqahtani

P61 Surfing the biospecimen management and processing workflow at CEGMR Biobank

Hanan Bashier, Abrar Al Qahtani, Shilu Mathew, Amal M. Nour, Heba Alkhatabi, Adel M. Abu Zenadah, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mourad Assidi, Muhammed Al Qahtani

P62 Autism Spectrum Disorder: knowledge, attitude and awareness in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Muhammad Faheem, Shilu Mathew, Shiny Mathew, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani

P63 Simultaneous genetic screening of the coagulation pathway genes using the Thromboscan targeted sequencing panel

Hani A. Alhadrami, Ashraf Dallol, Adel Abuzenadah

P64 Genome wide array comparative genomic hybridization analysis in patients with syndromic congenital heart defects

Ibtessam R. Hussein, Adeel G. Chaudhary, Rima S Bader, Randa Bassiouni, Maha Alquaiti, Fai Ashgan, Hans Schulten, Mohamed Nabil Alama, Mohammad H. Al Qahtani

P65 Toxocogenetic evaluation of 1, 2-Dichloroethane in bone marrow, blood and cells of immune system using conventional, molecular and flowcytometric approaches

Mohammad I Lone, Nazia Nizam, Waseem Ahmad, Mohammad A Jafri, Mahmood Rasool, Shakeel A Ansari, Muhammed H Al-Qahtani

P66 Molecular cytogenetic diagnosis of sexual development disorders in newborn: A case of ambiguous genitalia

Eradah Alshihri, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Lina Alharbi, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P67 Identification of disease specific gene expression clusters and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma using In Silico methodologies

Shilu Mathew, Peter Pushparaj Natesan, Muhammed Al Qahtani

P68 Human Wharton’s Jelly stem cell conditioned medium inhibits primary ovarian cancer cells in vitro: Identification of probable targets and mechanisms using systems biology

Gauthaman Kalamegam, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Fazal Khan, Roaa Kadam, Farid Ahmed, Mourad Assidi, Khalid Hussain Wali Sait, Nisreen Anfinan, Mohammed Al Qahtani

P69 Mutation spectrum of ASPM (Abnormal Spindle-like, Microcephaly-associated) gene in Saudi Arabian population

Muhammad I Naseer, Adeel G Chaudhary, Mohammad S Jamal, Shilu Mathew, Lobna S Mira, Peter N Pushparaj, Shakeel A Ansari, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammed H AlQahtani

P70 Identification and characterization of novel genes and mutations of primary microcephaly in Saudi Arabian population

Muhammad I Naseer, Adeel G Chaudhary, Shilu Mathew, Lobna S Mira, Mohammad S Jamal, Sameera Sogaty, Randa I Bassiouni, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammed H AlQahtani

P71 Molecular genetic analysis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome) in Saudi Arabian population

Mahmood Rasool, Shakeel A Ansari, Mohammad S Jamal, Peter N Pushparaj, Abdulrahman MS Sibiani, Waseem Ahmad, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammad A Jafri, Mohiuddin K Warsi, Muhammad I Naseer, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani

P72 Function predication of hypothetical proteins from genome database of chlamydia trachomatis

Rubi, Kundan Kumar, Ahmad AT Naqvi, Faizan Ahmad, Md I Hassan, Mohammad S Jamal, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammed H AlQahtani

P73 Transcription factors as novel molecular targets for skin cancer

Ashraf Ali, Jummanah Jarullah, Mahmood Rasool, Abdelbasit Buhmeida, Shahida Khan, Ghufrana Abdussami, Maryam Mahfooz, Mohammad A Kamal, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Mohammad S Jamal

P74 An In Silico analysis of Plumbagin binding to apoptosis executioner: Caspase-3 and Caspase-7

Bushra Jarullah, Jummanah Jarullah, Mohammad SS Jarullah, Ashraf Ali, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammad S Jamal

P75 Single cell genomics applications for preimplantation genetic screening optimization: Comparative analysis of whole genome amplification technologies

Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Osama Bajouh, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel Abuzenadah

P76 ZFP36 regulates miRs-34a in anti-IgM triggered immature B cells

Mohammad S Jamal, Jummanah Jarullah, Abdulah EA Mathkoor, Hashim MA Alsalmi, Anas MM Oun, Ghazi A Damanhauri, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammed H AlQahtani

P77 Identification of a novel mutation in the STAMBP gene in a family with microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome

Muhammad I. Naseer, Mahmood Rasool, Sameera Sogaty, Adeel G. Chudhary, Yousif A. Abutalib, Daniele Merico, Susan Walker, Christian R. Marshall, Mehdi Zarrei, Stephen W. Scherer, Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani

P78 Copy number variations in Saudi patients with intellectual disability and epilepsy

Muhammad I. Naseer, Muhammad Faheem, Adeel G. Chaudhary, Mahmood Rasool, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Fai Talal Ashgan, Mourad Assidi, Farid Ahmed, Syed Kashif Zaidi, Mohammed M. Jan, Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani

P79 Prognostic significance of CD44 expression profile in colorectal carcinoma

Maryam Al-Zahrani, Sahira Lary, Sahar Hakamy, Ashraf Dallol, Mahmoud Al-Ahwal, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Emmanuel Dermitzakis, Adel Abuzenadah, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P80 Association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene G894T polymorphism with hypertension risk and complications

Abeer A Al-refai, Mona Saleh, Rehab I Yassien, Mahmmoud Kamel, Rabab M Habeb

P81 SNPs array to screen genetic variation among diabetic patients

Najlaa Filimban, Ashraf Dallol, Nadia Ghannam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel Mohammed Abuzenadah

P82 Detection and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori among gastric cancer patients from Saudi Arabian population

Fehmida Bibi, Sana Akhtar, Esam I. Azhar, Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad I. Nasser, Asif A. Jiman-Fatani, Ali Sawan

P83 Antimicrobial drug resistance and molecular detection of susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones among clinical isolates of Salmonella species from Jeddah-Saudi Arabia

Ruaa A Lahzah, Asho Ali

P84 Identification of the toxic and virulence nature of MAP1138c protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Syed A Hassan, Seyed E Hasnain, Iftikhar A Tayubi, Hamza A Abujabal, Alaa O Magrabi

P85 In vitro and in silico evaluation of miR137 in human breast cancer

Fazal Khan, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Adel Abuzenada, Taha Abduallah Kumosani, Elie Barbour, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P86 Auruka gene is over-expressed in Saudi breast cancer

Manal Shabaad, Shilu Mathew, Ashraf Dallol, Adnan Merdad, Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P87 The potential of immunogenomics in personalized healthcare

Mourad Assidi, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Kalamegam Gauthaman, Mamdooh Gari, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P88 In Silico physiochemical and structural characterization of a putative ORF MAP0591 and its implication in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in ruminants and humans

Syed A Hassan, Iftikhar A Tayubi, Hani MA Aljahdali

P89 Effects of heat shock on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs): Implications in regenerative medicine

Reham Al Nono, Mamdooh Gari, Haneen Alsehli, Farid Ahmed, Mohammed Abbas, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P90 In Silico analyses of the molecular targets of Resveratrol unravels its importance in mast cell mediated allergic responses

Shilu Mathew, Fazal Khan, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammed Sarwar Jamal, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Zeenat Mirza, Sajjad Karim, Shakeel Ansari, Mourad Assidi, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mamdooh Gari, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P91 Effects of environmental particulate matter on bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Roaa Kadam, Mansour A Alghamdi, Magdy Shamy, Max Costa, Mamdouh I Khoder, Mourad Assidi, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mamdooh Gari, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P92 Distinctive charge clusters in human virus proteomes

Najla Kharrat, Sabrine Belmabrouk, Rania Abdelhedi, Riadh Benmarzoug, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed H. Al Qahtani, Ahmed Rebai

P93 In vitro experimental model and approach in identification of new biomarkers of inflammatory forms of arthritis

Ghazi Dhamanhouri, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Abdelwahab Noorwali, Mohammad Khalid Alwasiyah, Afnan Bahamaid, Saadiah Alfakeeh, Aisha Alyamani, Haneen Alsehli, Mohammed Abbas, Mamdooh Gari, Ali Mobasheri, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P94 Molecular docking of GABA_A receptor subunit γ-2 with novel anti-epileptic compounds

Muhammad Faheem, Shilu Mathew, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani

P95 Breast cancer knowledge, awareness, and practices among Saudi females residing in Jeddah

Shilu Mathew, Muhammad Faheem, Shiny Mathew, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani

P96 Anti-inflammatory role of Sesamin by Attenuation of Iba1/TNF-α/ICAM-1/iNOS signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy

Mohammad Sarwar Jamal, Syed Kashif Zaidi, Raziuddin Khan, Kanchan Bhatia, Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani, Saif Ahmad

P97 Identification of drug lead molecule against vp35 protein of Ebola virus: An In-Silico approach

Iftikhar AslamTayubi, Manish Tripathi, Syed Asif Hassan, Rahul Shrivastava

P98 An approach to personalized medicine from SNP-calling through disease analysis using whole exome-sequencing of three sub-continental populations

Iftikhar A Tayubi, Syed Hassan, Hamza A.S Abujabal

P99 Low versus high frequency of Glucose –6 – Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in urban against tribal population of Gujarat – A signal to natural selection

Ishani Shah, Bushra Jarullah, Mohammad S Jamal, Jummanah Jarullah

P100 Spontaneous preterm birth and single nucleotide gene polymorphisms: a recent update

Ishfaq A Sheikh, Ejaz Ahmad, Mohammad S Jamal, Mohd Rehan, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Iftikhar A Tayubi, Samera F AlBasri, Osama S Bajouh, Rola F Turki, Adel M Abuzenadah, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Mohd A Beg, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P101 Prevalence of congenital heart diseases among Down syndrome cases in Saudi Arabia: role of molecular genetics in the pathogenesis

Sahar AF Hammoudah, Khalid M AlHarbi, Lama M El-Attar, Ahmed MZ Darwish

P102 Combinatorial efficacy of specific pathway inhibitors in breast cancer cells

Sara M Ibrahim, Ashraf Dallol_, Hani Choudhry, Adel Abuzenadah, Jalaludden Awlia, Adeel Chaudhary, Farid Ahmed, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P103 MiR-143 and miR-145 cluster as potential replacement medicine for the treatment of cancer

Mohammad A Jafri, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P104 Metagenomic profile of gut microbiota during pregnancy in Saudi population

Imran khan, Muhammad Yasir, Esam I. Azhar, Sameera Al-basri, Elie Barbour, Taha Kumosani

P105 Exploration of anticancer targets of selected metabolites of Phoenix dactylifera L. using systems biological approaches

Fazal Khan, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Adel Abuzenada, Taha Abduallah Kumosani, Elie Barbour

P106 CD226 and CD40 gene polymorphism in susceptibility to Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian patients

Heba M. EL Sayed, Eman A. Hafez

P107 Paediatric exome sequencing in autism spectrum disorder ascertained in Saudi families

Hans-Juergen Schulten, Aisha Hassan Elaimi, Ibtessam R Hussein, Randa Ibrahim Bassiouni, Mohammad Khalid Alwasiyah, Richard F Wintle, Adeel Chaudhary, Stephen W Scherer, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P108 Crystal structure of the complex formed between Phospholipase A₂ and the central core hydrophobic fragment of Alzheimer’s β- amyloid peptide: a reductionist approach

Zeenat Mirza, Vikram Gopalakrishna Pillai, Sajjad Karim, Sujata Sharma, Punit Kaur, Alagiri Srinivasan, Tej P Singh, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P109 Differential expression profiling between meningiomas from female and male patients

Reem Alotibi, Alaa Al-Ahmadi, Fatima Al-Adwani, Deema Hussein, Sajjad Karim, Mona Al-Sharif, Awatif Jamal, Fahad Al-Ghamdi, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Saleh S Baeesa, Mohammed Bangash, Adeel Chaudhary, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P110 Neurospheres as models of early brain development and therapeutics

Muhammad Faheem, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Shilu Mathew, Taha Abdullah Kumosani, Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P111 Identification of a recurrent causative missense mutation p.(W577C) at the LDLR exon 12 in familial hypercholesterolemia affected Saudi families

Faisal A Al-Allaf, Zainularifeen Abduljaleel, Abdullah Alashwal, Mohiuddin M. Taher, Abdellatif Bouazzaoui, Halah Abalkhail, Faisal A. Ba-Hammam, Mohammad Athar

P112 Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC): Systems oncological approach to identify diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers

Gauthaman Kalamegam, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Farid Ahmed Khalid HussainWali Sait, Nisreen Anfinan, Mamdooh Gari, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P113 Crohn’s disease phenotype in northern Tunisian population

Naira Ben Mami, Yosr Z Haffani, Mouna Medhioub, Lamine Hamzaoui, Ameur Cherif, Msadok Azouz

P114 Establishment of In Silico approaches to decipher the potential toxicity and mechanism of action of drug candidates and environmental agents

Gauthaman Kalamegam, Fazal Khan, Shilu Mathew, Mohammed Imran Nasser, Mahmood Rasool, Farid Ahmed, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P115 1q Gain predicts poor prognosis marker for young breast cancer patients

Shereen A Turkistany, Lina M Al-harbi, Ashraf Dallol, Jamal Sabir, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah

P116 Disorders of sex chromosomes in a diagnostic genomic medicine unit in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, diagnosis and future guidelines

Basmah Al-Madoudi, Bayan Al-Aslani, Khulud Al-Harbi, Rwan Al-Jahdali, Hanadi Qudaih, Emad Al Hamzy, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al Qahtani

P117 Combination of WYE354 and Sunitinib demonstrate synergistic inhibition of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro

Asad M Ilyas, Youssri Ahmed, Mamdooh Gari, Farid Ahmed, Mohammed Alqahtani

P118 Integrated use of evolutionary information in GWAS reveals important SNPs in Asthma

Nada Salem, Sajjad Karim, Elham M Alhathli, Heba Abusamra, Hend F Nour Eldin, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani, Sudhir Kumar

P119 Assessment of BRAF, IDH1, IDH2, and EGFR mutations in a series of primary brain tumors

Fatima Al-Adwani, Deema Hussein, Mona Al-Sharif, Awatif Jamal, Fahad Al-Ghamdi, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Saleh S Baeesa, Mohammed Bangash, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Hans-Juergen Schulten

P120 Expression profiles distinguish oligodendrogliomas from glioblastoma multiformes with or without oligodendroglioma component

Alaa Alamandi, Reem Alotibi, Deema Hussein, Sajjad Karim, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Fahad Al-Ghamdi, Awatif Jamal, Saleh S Baeesa, Mohammed Bangash, Adeel Chaudhary, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P121 Hierarchical clustering in thyroid goiters and hyperplastic lesions

Ohoud Subhi, Nadia Bagatian, Sajjad Karim, Adel Al-Johari, Osman Abdel Al-Hamour, Hosam Al-Aradati, Abdulmonem Al-Mutawa, Faisal Al-Mashat, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Mohammad Al-Qahtani

P122 Differential expression analysis in thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinomas with or without coexisting thyroiditis

Nadia Bagatian, Ohoud Subhi, Sajjad Karim, Adel Al-Johari, Osman Abdel Al-Hamour, Abdulmonem Al-Mutawa, Hosam Al-Aradati, Faisal Al-Mashat, Mohammad Al-Qahtani, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi

P123 Metagenomic analysis of waste water microbiome in Sausdi Arabia

Muhammad W shah, Muhammad Yasir, Esam I Azhar, Saad Al-Masoodi

P124 Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori from faecal samples of Tunisian patients with gastric cancer

Yosr Z Haffani, Msadok Azouz, Emna Khamla, Chaima Jlassi, Ahmed S. Masmoudi, Ameur Cherif, Lassaad Belbahri

P125 Diagnostic application of the oncoscan^© panel for the identification of hereditary cancer syndrome

Shadi Al-Khayyat, Roba Attas, Atlal Abu-Sanad, Mohammed Abuzinadah, Adnan MerdadAshraf Dallol, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel Abuzenadah

P126 Characterization of clinical and neurocognitive features in a family with a novel OGT gene missense mutation c. 1193G > A/ (p. Ala319Thr)

Habib Bouazzi, Carlos Trujillo, Mohammad Khalid Alwasiyah, Mohammed Al-Qahtani

P127 Case report: a rare homozygous deletion mutation of TMEM70 gene associated with 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria and cataract in a Saudi patient

Maha Alotaibi, Rami Nassir

P128 Isolation and purification of antimicrobial milk proteins

Ishfaq A Sheikh, Mohammad A Kamal, Essam H Jiffri, Ghulam M Ashraf, Mohd A Beg

P129 Integrated analysis reveals association of ATP8B1 gene with colorectal cancer

Mohammad A Aziz, Rizwan Ali, Mahmood Rasool, Mohammad S Jamal, Nusaibah samman, Ghufrana Abdussami, Sathish Periyasamy, Mohiuddin K Warsi, Mohammed Aldress, Majed Al Otaibi, Zeyad Al Yousef, Mohamed Boudjelal, Abdelbasit Buhmeida, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani, Ibrahim AlAbdulkarim

P130 Implication of IL-10 and IL-28 polymorphism with successful anti-HCV therapy and viral clearance

Rubi Ghazala, Shilu Mathew, M. Haroon Hamed, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Ishtiaq Qadri

P131 Interactions of endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) with progesterone receptor

Ishfaq A Sheikh, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Rola F Turki, Ghazi A Damanhouri, Mohd A. Beg

P132 Association of HCV nucleotide polymorphism in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

Mohd Suhail, Abid Qureshi, Adil Jamal, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammad Al-Qahtani, Ishtiaq Qadri

P133 Gene expression profiling by DNA microarrays in colon cancer treated with chelidonine alkaloid

Mahmoud Z El-Readi, Safaa Y Eid, Michael Wink

P134 Successful in vitro fertilization after eight failed trials

Ahmed M. Isa, Lulu Alnuaim, Johara Almutawa, Basim Abu-Rafae, Saleh Alasiri, Saleh Binsaleh

P135 Genetic sensitivity analysis using SCGE, cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential in OPs stressed leukocytes in Rattus norvegicus through flow cytometric input

Nazia Nazam, Mohamad I Lone, Waseem Ahmad, Shakeel A Ansari, Mohamed H Alqahtani

PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATABASES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION

The collaboration of public health education and information technology has made patient care safer and more reliable than before. Nurses and doctors use handheld computers to record a patient's medical history and check that they are administering the correct treatment. Fortunately Public Health Informatics (PHI) is the intersecting point of technology and public health. Therefore, the inclusion of online medical and epidemiology databases in the course curriculum of budding medical professionals and postgraduate students would be beneficial in enhancing the quality of health care, extensive epidemiological research, health education, health policies, health planning and consumer satisfaction as well. The purpose of this article is to discuss and provide introduction of various databases which have huge information and it could be used to enhance the public health education.

Interaction pattern for the complex of B-DNA-Fullerene compounds with a set of known replication proteins using docking study

Fullerenes have attracted considerable attention due to their unique chemical structure and potential applications which has opened wide venues for possible human exposure to various fullerene types. Therefore, in depth knowledge of how fullerene may interfere with various cellular processes becomes quite imperative. The present study was designed to investigate how the presence of fullerene affect the binding of DNA with different enzymes involved in replication process. Different fullerenes were first docked with DNA and then binding scores of different enzymes was analyzed with fullerene docked DNA. C30, C40 & C50 once docked with DNA, reduced the binding score of primase, whereas no significant change in the binding score was observed with the helicase, ssb protein, dna pol δ, dna pol ε, ligase, DNA clamp, and topoisomerases. On the contrast, the binding score of RPA14 decreases in fluctuating manner while interacting with increasing molecular weight of fullerene bound single-stranded DNA complex. The study revealed the affect of fullerene family interacting with DNA on the binding pattern of enzymes involved in replication process. Study suggests that the presence of most of fullerenes may not affect the activity of these enzymes necessary for replication process whereas C30, C40 & C50 may disrupt the activity of primase, (strating point for DNA polymerase) its docking score decreases from 13820 to 10702.

Comparative Molecular Docking Studies with ABCC1 and Aquaporin 9 in the Arsenite Complex Efflux

Arsenic is the most toxic metalloid present in the natural environment in both organic and inorganic arsenic forms. Inorganic arsenic is often more hazardous than the organic form. Arsenite and arsenate compounds are the major inorganic forms which are toxic causing severe human health dysfunction including cancer. Excretion of arsenic from the system is found elusive. Therefore, it is of interest to screen channel proteins with the arsenic complex in the different combination of arsenic, GSH (glutathione) and arsenic, selenium using docking methods. The mode of arsenic removal. The complex structure revealed the mode of arsenic binding efficiency with the receptor aquaporine 9 and ABCC1 channel protein. This provides insights to understand the mechanism of arsenic efflux. These inferences find application in the design, identification and development of novel nutracetucal or any other formulation useful in the balance of arsenic efflux.