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Liu M, Wang C, Ji H, Sun M, Liu T, Wang J, Cao H, Zhu Q. Ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction during ripening and softening in non-climacteric fruits: an overview. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1368692. [PMID: 38736445 PMCID: PMC11082881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the ethylene-mediated ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits have been widely mentioned. In this paper, recent research into the ethylene-mediated ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits is summarized, including the involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction. In addition, detailed studies on how ethylene interacts with other hormones to regulate the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits are also reviewed. These findings reveal that many regulators of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction are linked with the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruits. Meanwhile, the perspectives of future research on the regulation of ethylene in non-climacteric fruit are also proposed. The overview of the progress of ethylene on the ripening and softening of non-climacteric fruit will aid in the identification and characterization of key genes associated with ethylene perception and signal transduction during non-climacteric fruit ripening and softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- College of Agriculture & Forestry Technology, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang, China
| | - Hongliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Maoxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Liu M, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Cao H, Zhang Z. Light influences the effect of exogenous ethylene on the phenolic composition of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1356257. [PMID: 38463564 PMCID: PMC10920273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The gaseous phytohormone ethylene (ETH) plays a key role in plant growth and development, and is a major regulator of phenolic biosynthesis. Light has long been known to influence phytohormone signaling transduction. However, whether light influences the effect of ETH on the phenolic composition of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) is an open question. Here, the accumulation and composition of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics were analyzed in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under four treatments: light exposure with and without ETH treatment, and box-shading with and without ETH treatment. Both light and ETH promoted ripening, decreased the color index (L*, C*, and h*), and accelerated the color change from green to red and purplish red. Sunlight-exposed grapes had the highest contents of most anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and hydroxybenzoic acids. In addition, light exposure increased the ratios of 3'5'-substituted/3'-substituted anthocyanins and flavonols, but decreased the ratios of methoxylated/non-methoxylated and acylated/non-acylated anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. Notably, the effects of ETH were influenced by light exposure. Specifically, ETH treatment promoted anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin biosynthesis in light-exposed grapes, and their increasing multiples were remarkably higher under light-exposed conditions. Furthermore, ETH treatment decreased the ratios of methoxylated/non-methoxylated, 3'5'-substituted/3'-substituted, and acylated/non-acylated anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols in light-exposed grapes, each of which was increased by ETH treatment in shaded grapes. Fifteen differential phenolic components were identified through partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Among them, cyanidin-3-O-(cis-6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-(trans-6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the main differential components between ETH treatments under different light conditions. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of ethylene treatment under dark and light conditions on phenolic synthesis in grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Yang F, Zhao R, Suo J, Ding Y, Tan J, Zhu Q, Ma Y. Understanding quality differences between kiwifruit varieties during softening. Food Chem 2024; 430:136983. [PMID: 37527582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Research into variations between kiwifruit varieties particularly their softening quality during storage is important in improving kiwifruit quality. The potential reasons for ripening quality differences between 'Cuixiang' (CX) and 'Hayward' (HWD) kiwifruit were analyzed by physiology and metabolomic data combined with the random forests learning algorithm. The results showed that the storability difference between the two varieties mainly resulted from differences in polygalacturonase (PG) and β-galactosidase activities. The 1 °C slowed the fruit softening process of both varieties by decreasing their PG activities. A total of 368 metabolites were identified and amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactors and vitamins, as well as nucleotide metabolism are key metabolic modules that affect the ripening differences of CX and HWD kiwifruit. A total of 30 metabolites showed remarkable ability in distinguish the ripening quality of CX and HWD kiwifruit, in which d-glucose, d-maltose, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, phenyllactate, and vitamin B2 were noteworthy for their potential application on the evaluation of kiwifruit taste and nutritional value. These findings provide positive insights into the underlying mechanism of ripening quality differences between CX and HWD kiwifruit and new ideas for identifying key metabolic markers in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Renkai Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- Shaanxi Bairui Kiwi Research Institute Co., Ltd., in China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, PR China
| | - Yuduan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiawei Tan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yanping Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Liu H, Pei H, Jiao J, Jin M, Li H, Zhu Q, Ma Y, Rao J. 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment followed with ethylene treatment alleviates postharvest chilling injury of ‘Xuxiang’ kiwifruit during low-temperature storage. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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He Y, Liu H, Li H, Jin M, Wang X, Yin X, Zhu Q, Rao J. Transcription factors DkBZR1/2 regulate cell wall degradation genes and ethylene biosynthesis genes during persimmon fruit ripening. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:6437-6446. [PMID: 34185065 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT (BZR) transcription factors are critical components of the brassinosteroid signalling pathway, but their possible roles in fruit ripening have rarely been reported. In this study, four BZR sequences were isolated from persimmon fruit. Among the four BZR genes, DkBZR1/2 were expressed in persimmon fruit; DkBZR1 protein amount decreased and dephosphorylated DkBZR2 gradually accumulated during the storage period. DkBZR1/2 proteins were localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and accumulated in the nucleus after 24-epibrassinolide treatment. DkBZR1 suppressed the transcription of Diospyros kaki endo-1,4-betaglucanase 1 (DkEGase1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1 (DkACS1) by binding to the BR response element (BRRE) in their promoters, and DkBZR2 activated the transcription of pectate lyase 1 (DkPL1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2 (DkACO2) by binding to the E-box motif in their promoters. Transient overexpression of DkBZR2 promoted the conversion of acid-soluble pectin to water-soluble pectin and increased ethylene production in persimmon fruit. Our findings indicate that DkBZR1 and DkBZR2 serve as repressors and activators of persimmon fruit ripening, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mijing Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianglan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingping Rao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Jin M, Gan S, Jiao J, He Y, Liu H, Yin X, Zhu Q, Rao J. Genome-wide analysis of the bZIP gene family and the role of AchnABF1 from postharvest kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) in osmotic and freezing stress adaptations. Plant Sci 2021; 308:110927. [PMID: 34034875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) is a barrier to the refrigeration of kiwifruit, resulting in decreased fruit quality and increased nutrient loss during storage. Understanding the molecular basis underlying the cold response and its regulation in refrigerated kiwifruit is therefore highly important. Basic (region) leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) have been widely studied for their roles in abiotic stress resistance in various species. In this study, we identified 81 bZIP family proteins in kiwifruit and classified them into 11 groups. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of members of the AREB/ABF family was strongly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid (ABA). Ectopic expression of AchnABF1 enhanced plant cold tolerance by upregulating the expression of several key genes associated with ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism was suggested to be involved in the AchnABF1-mediated osmotic stress response. For instance, enhanced ROS-scavenging ability was observed in transgenic plants with enhanced activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), which resulted in decreased in situ O2.- and H2O2 accumulation, ion leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content under various abiotic stresses. In addition, AchnABF1 also participated in the osmotic stress response during both the germination and postgermination stages. We concluded that AchnABF1 may play an important role in kiwifruit during refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijing Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sufu Gan
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, D-85354, Germany
| | - Jianqing Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiheng He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jingping Rao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Jin M, Jiao J, Zhao Q, Ban Q, Gao M, Suo J, Zhu Q, Rao J. Dose effect of exogenous abscisic acid on controlling lignification of postharvest kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. hongyang). Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Wu W, Wang MM, Gong H, Liu XF, Guo DL, Sun NJ, Huang JW, Zhu QG, Chen KS, Yin XR. High CO2/hypoxia-induced softening of persimmon fruit is modulated by DkERF8/16 and DkNAC9 complexes. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2690-2700. [PMID: 31926021 PMCID: PMC7210769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars are astringent and require post-harvest deastringency treatments such as 95% CO2 (high-CO2 treatment) to make them acceptable to consumers. High-CO2 treatment can, however, also induce excessive softening, which can be reduced by adding 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Previous studies have shown that genes encoding the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) DkERF8/16/19 can trans-activate xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (DkXTH9), which encodes the cell wall-degrading enzyme associated with persimmon fruit softening. In this study, RNA-seq data between three treatments were compared, namely high-CO2, high-CO2+1-MCP, and controls. A total of 227 differentially expressed genes, including 17 transcription factors, were predicted to be related to persimmon post-deastringency softening. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that DkNAC9 activated the DkEGase1 promoter 2.64-fold. Synergistic effects on transcription of DkEGase1 that involved DkNAC9 and the previously reported DkERF8/16 were identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that DkNAC9 could physically bind to the DkEGase1 promoter. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated protein-protein interactions between DkNAC9 and DkERF8/16. Based on these findings, we conclude that DkNAC9 is a direct transcriptional activator of DkEGase1 that can co-operate with DkERF8/16 to enhance fruit post-deastringency softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-long Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-gang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu QG, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guan CF, Zhang QY, Huang JW, Grierson D, Chen KS, Gong BC, Yin XR. The persimmon ( Diospyros oleifera Cheng) genome provides new insights into the inheritance of astringency and ancestral evolution. Hortic Res 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31871686 PMCID: PMC6917749 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an oriental perennial woody fruit tree whose popular fruit is produced and consumed worldwide. The persimmon fruit is unique because of the hyperaccumulation of proanthocyanidins during fruit development, causing the mature fruit of most cultivars to have an astringent taste. In this study, we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for 'Youshi' (Diospyros oleifera, 2n = 2x = 30), the diploid species of persimmon, by integrating Illumina sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled D. oleifera genome consisted of 849.53 Mb, 94.14% (799.71 Mb) of which was assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes, and is the first assembled genome for any member of the Ebenaceae. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the D. oleifera genome underwent an ancient γ whole-genome duplication event. We studied the potential genetic basis for astringency development (proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) and removal (proanthocyanidin insolublization). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were mainly distributed on chromosome 1, and the clustering of these genes is responsible for the genetic stability of astringency heredity. Genome-based RNA-seq identified deastringency genes, and promoter analysis showed that most of their promoters contained large numbers of low oxygen-responsive motifs, which is consistent with the efficient industrial application of high CO2 treatment to remove astringency. Using the D. oleifera genome as the reference, SLAF-seq indicated that 'Youshi' is one of the ancestors of the cultivated persimmon (2n = 6x = 90). Our study provides significant insights into the genetic basis of persimmon evolution and the development and removal astringency, and it will facilitate the improvement of the breeding of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Chang-fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Qiu-yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Bang-chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
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Zhu QG, Gong ZY, Wang MM, Li X, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. A transcription factor network responsive to high CO2/hypoxia is involved in deastringency in persimmon fruit. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2061-2070. [PMID: 29390151 PMCID: PMC6018754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to anaerobic environments are regulated by ethylene-response factors (ERFs) in both vegetative and productive organs, but the roles of other transcription factors (TFs) in hypoxia responses are poorly understood. In this study, eight TFs (DkbHLH1, DkMYB9/10/11, DkRH2-1, DkGT3-1, DkAN1-1, DkHSF1) were shown to be strongly up-regulated by an artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (1% O2 and 95% CO2). Dual-luciferase assays indicated that some TFs were activators of previously characterized DkERFs, including DkMYB10 for the DkERF9 promoter, DkERF18/19 and DkMYB6 for the DkERF19 promoter, and DkERF21/22 for the DkERF10 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid and cis-element mutagenesis confirmed these physical interactions with one exception. The potential roles of these TFs in persimmon fruit deastringency were analysed by investigating their transient over-expression (TOX) in persimmon fruit discs, which indicated that DkMYB6TOX, DkMYB10TOX, DkERF18TOX, and DkERF19TOX were all effective in causing insolubilization of tannins, concomitantly with the up-regulation of the corresponding genes. These results indicated that multiple TFs of different classes are responsive to high-CO2/hypoxia in fruit tissues, and that a TF-TF regulatory cascade is involved in the hypoxia responses involving the Group VII DkERF10, and DkERFs and DkMYBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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11
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Jin R, Zhu QG, Shen XY, Wang MM, Jamil W, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. DkNAC7, a novel high-CO2/hypoxia-induced NAC transcription factor, regulates persimmon fruit de-astringency. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538450 PMCID: PMC5851633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (AHCA, 95% CO2 and 1% O2) has been widely applied as a postharvest de-astringency treatment for persimmon fruit. AHCA increases expression of transcription factors, including ethylene response factors (DkERF), that target de-astringency genes. Here, the promoter of DkERF9, a previously characterized AHCA-inducible and de-astringency regulator, was utilized to screen a cDNA library by yeast one hybrid assay. A novel NAC transcription factor, named DkNAC7, was identified. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that DkNAC7 could not only trans-activate the promoter of DkERF9, but also activated the previously identified deastringency-related gene DkPDC2. Real-time PCR analysis showed that DkNAC7 was up-regulated by AHCA treatment, in concert with the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit and subcellular localization showed DkNAC7 was located in the nucleus. Thus, these results indicate that DkNAC7 is a putative transcriptional activator involved in regulating persimmon fruit deastringency by trans-activition on both DkERF9 and DkPDC2, which encodes pyruvate decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin-yue Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wajeeha Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Wu J, Duan XY, Zhu QG. Analysis of quality nursing of postoperative incision infection in urological patients. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:127-132. [PMID: 29504376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of quality nursing on postoperative incision infection in urological patients, 200 subjects admitted to our hospital between June 2016 and June 2017 were included in this study and divided into a quality nursing group (group A) and a general nursing group (group B), 100 in each group. Blood loss, blood transfusion, hospital stay, incision healing, incision infection, and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores in both groups were compared. It was found that the bleeding volume in group A was significantly less than that in group B, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P less than 0.05) while the difference in blood transfusion rate and hospital stay between the two groups was not significant (P> 0.05); the number of patients of level 1 healing in group A was larger than that of group B while the number of patients of level 2 and level 3 healing was smaller than that of group B, with significant differences (P less than 0.05); the number of infection cases in group A was significantly lower than that in group B, and the difference was significant (P less than 0.05); the SDS score of group A was lower than that of group B, with significant differences (P less than 0.05). Therefore, quality nursing had a certain effect on the infection of postoperative incision of urological patients, which had positive significance for incision healing. Reducing the effect of bacterial infections in operated patients is important for rapid healing and patient health. Using a long-lasting antibacterial can protect the patient and reduce the incidence of other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Y Duan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Q G Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Tucker G, Yin X, Zhang A, Wang M, Zhu Q, Liu X, Xie X, Chen K, Grierson D. Ethylene† and fruit softening. Food Quality and Safety 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Hu M, Gao Z, An F, Li M, Jiang Y. Low-temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in stored mango fruit. Food Chem 2016; 219:76-84. [PMID: 27765262 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mango fruit were pre-treated with low-temperature conditioning (LTC) at 12°C for 24h, followed by refrigeration at 5°C for 25days before removal to ambient temperature (25°C) to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of LTC on chilling injury (CI). The results showed that LTC effectively suppressed the development of CI in mango fruit, accelerated softening, and increased the soluble solids and proline content. Furthermore, LTC reduced electrolyte leakage, and levels of malondialdehyde, O2- and H2O2, maintaining membrane integrity. To reveal the molecular regulation of LTC on chilling tolerance in mango fruit, a C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor (CBF) gene, MiCBF1, was identified and its expression in response to LTC was examined using RT-qPCR. LTC resulted in a higher MiCBF1 expression. These findings suggest that LTC enhances chilling tolerance in mango fruit by inducing a series of physiological and molecular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Meijiao Hu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Zhaoyin Gao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Feng An
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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Zhu QG, Wang MM, Gong ZY, Fang F, Sun NJ, Li X, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. Involvement of DkTGA1 Transcription Factor in Anaerobic Response Leading to Persimmon Fruit Postharvest De-Astringency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155916. [PMID: 27196670 PMCID: PMC4873192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruit are unique in accumulating proanthocyanidins (tannins) during development, which cause astringency in mature fruit. In ‘Mopanshi’ persimmon, astringency can be removed by treatment with 95% CO2, which increases the concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde by glycolysis, and precipitates the soluble tannin. A TGA transcription factor, DkTGA1, belonging to the bZIP super family, was isolated from an RNA-seq database and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that DkTGA1 was up-regulated by CO2 treatment, in concert with the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit. Dual-luciferase assay revealed that DkTGA1 had a small (less than 2-fold), but significant effect on the promoters of de-astringency-related genes DkADH1, DkPDC2 and DkPDC3, which encode enzymes catalyzing formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol. A combination of DkTGA1 and a second transcription factor, DkERF9, shown previously to be related to de-astringency, showed additive effects on the activation of the DkPDC2 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed that DkERF9, but not DkTGA1, could bind to the DkPDC2 promoter. Thus, although DkTGA1 expression is positively associated with persimmon fruit de-astringency, trans-activation analyses with DkPDC2 indicates it is likely to act by binding indirectly DkPDC2 promoter, might with helps of DkERF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Han Y, Zhu Q, Zhang Z, Meng K, Hou Y, Ban Q, Suo J, Rao J. Analysis of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) genes and diverse roles of isoenzymes during persimmon fruit development and postharvest softening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123668. [PMID: 25849978 PMCID: PMC4388718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes have played a role in the remodeling of cell wall hemicelluloses. To investigate the function of XTHs in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit development and postharvest softening, five cDNAs (DkXTH1 to DkXTH5), whose putative proteins contained the conserved DEIDFEFLG motif of XTH, were cloned. Real time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that DkXTH1, DkXTH4, and DkXTH5 peaked in immature expanding fruit, and their higher expression was observed along with higher fruit firmness in cold-treated fruit or firmer cultivar fruit during storage. The opposite gene expression patterns were observed in DkXTH2 and DkXTH3, which reached maxima concomitance with pronounced fruit softening. Meanwhile, the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) enzymes play important roles in both the rapid growth and ripening of persimmon fruit. Furthermore, the recombined DkXTH1 and DkXTH2 proteins showed significant XET activity without any detected XEH activity. However, the XET activity of recombined DkXTH2 protein had a higher affinity for small acceptor molecules than that of recombined DkXTH1 protein. The former might prefer to participate in cell wall restructuring, and the latter is more inclined to participate in cell wall assembly. Besides, DKXTH proteins could function by targeting to the cell wall under regulation of a signal peptide. The data suggested that individual DKXTHs could exhibit different patterns of expression, and the encoded products possessed specific enzymatic properties conferring on their respective functions in growth and postharvest softening of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Kun Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Rao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Zhu Q, Zhang Z, Rao J, Huber DJ, Lv J, Hou Y, Song K. Identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) and their expression in persimmon fruit as influenced by 1-methylcyclopropene and gibberellic acid during storage at ambient temperature. Food Chem 2013; 138:471-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu QG, Yang Y, Williams ED, Park RL. Observation of resonant electron transmission through a Ni/Cu/Ni(100) sandwich structure. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:835-838. [PMID: 10035883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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