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Darst BF, Koscik RL, Racine AM, Oh JM, Krause RA, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Christian BT, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC, Hogan KJ, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Engelman CD. Pathway-Specific Polygenic Risk Scores as Predictors of Amyloid-β Deposition and Cognitive Function in a Sample at Increased Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:473-484. [PMID: 27662287 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been used to combine the effects of variants with small effects identified by genome-wide association studies. We explore the potential for using pathway-specific PRSs as predictors of early changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarkers and cognitive function. Participants were from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, a longitudinal study of adults who were cognitively asymptomatic at enrollment and enriched for a parental history of AD. Using genes associated with AD in the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project's meta-analysis, we identified clusters of genes that grouped into pathways involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration: Aβ clearance, cholesterol metabolism, and immune response. Weighted pathway-specific and overall PRSs were developed and compared to APOE alone. Mixed models were used to assess whether each PRS was associated with cognition in 1,200 individuals, cerebral Aβ deposition measured using amyloid ligand (Pittsburgh compound B) positron emission imaging in 168 individuals, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ deposition, neurodegeneration, and tau pathology in 111 individuals, with replication performed in an independent sample. We found that PRSs including APOE appeared to be driven by the inclusion of APOE, suggesting that the pathway-specific PRSs used here were not more predictive than an overall PRS or APOE alone. However, pathway-specific PRSs could prove to be useful as more knowledge is gained on the genetic variants involved in specific biological pathways of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca L Koscik
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Annie M Racine
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel A Krause
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bradley T Christian
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirk J Hogan
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Hoscheidt SM, Starks EJ, Oh JM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Krause RA, Gleason CE, Puglielli L, Atwood CS, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB. Insulin Resistance is Associated with Increased Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Reduced Memory Function in At-Risk Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1373-83. [PMID: 27079723 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regulation of normal insulin function may be important in reducing the prevalence of dementia due to AD, particularly in individuals who harbor genetic risk for or have a parental family history of AD. The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and AD pathology remains poorly understood, particularly in midlife prior to the onset of clinical metabolic disease or cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between IR as indexed by HOMA-IR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD pathology, and memory in middle-aged adults enriched for AD. We postulated that higher HOMA-IR and APOEɛ4 carriage would be associated with greater CSF AD pathology and poor memory performance. METHODS Cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults (N = 70, mean age = 57.7 years) from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center with a parental family history of dementia due to AD underwent lumbar puncture, blood draw, and neuropsychological testing. CSF AD biomarkers including soluble amyloid-β protein precursor β (sAβPPβ), amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau181) were examined with respect to HOMA-IR and APOEɛ4 status. Delayed memory performance was examined with respect to HOMA-IR, CSF AD biomarkers, and APOEɛ4 status. RESULTS Higher HOMA-IR was associated with higher sAβPPβ and Aβ42 . APOEɛ4 carriers had significantly higher levels of sAβPPα, sAβPPβ, and P-tau181/Aβ42 compared to noncarriers. The concurrent presence of higher HOMA-IR and CSF AD pathology predicted worse delayed memory performance. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings suggest that IR and APOEɛ4 are contributing factors to the development of AD pathology in midlife, and provide support for targeting insulin function as a potentially modifiable risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Hoscheidt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erika J Starks
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rachel A Krause
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Hoscheidt SM, Kellawan JM, Berman SE, Rivera-Rivera LA, Krause RA, Oh JM, Beeri MS, Rowley HA, Wieben O, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Schrage WG, Bendlin BB. Insulin resistance is associated with lower arterial blood flow and reduced cortical perfusion in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2249-2261. [PMID: 27488909 PMCID: PMC5464714 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16663214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with poor cerebrovascular health and increased risk for dementia. Little is known about the unique effect of IR on both micro- and macrovascular flow particularly in midlife when interventions against dementia may be most effective. We examined the effect of IR as indexed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) on cerebral blood flow in macro- and microvessels utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged individuals. We hypothesized that higher HOMA-IR would be associated with reduced flow in macrovessels and lower cortical perfusion. One hundred and twenty cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults (57 ± 5 yrs) underwent fasting blood draw, phase contrast-vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (PC VIPR) MRI, and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion. Higher HOMA-IR was associated with lower arterial blood flow, particularly within the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), and lower cerebral perfusion in several brain regions including frontal and temporal lobe regions. Higher blood flow in bilateral ICAs predicted greater cortical perfusion in individuals with lower HOMA-IR, a relationship not observed among those with higher HOMA-IR. Findings provide novel evidence for an uncoupling of macrovascular blood flow and microvascular perfusion among individuals with higher IR in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Hoscheidt
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sara E Berman
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Leonardo A Rivera-Rivera
- 3 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,4 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel A Krause
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michal S Beeri
- 5 The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,6 The Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Howard A Rowley
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,4 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Oliver Wieben
- 3 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,4 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,7 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,8 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,7 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,8 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,7 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,8 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William G Schrage
- 2 Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- 1 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,8 Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Hoscheidt SM, Nicholas CR, Ly M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Krause RA, Gleason CE, Atwood CS, Carlsson CM, Rowley HA, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB. O5‐01‐02: Stress is Associated with Greater Insulin Resistance, Higher CSF Phosphorylated TAU, and Decreased Glucose Metabolism in the Medial Temporal Lobe in apoe Ε4 Carriers. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M. Hoscheidt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Christopher R. Nicholas
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans HospitalMadisonWI USA
| | - Martina Ly
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rachel A. Krause
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans HospitalMadisonWI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Craig S. Atwood
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans HospitalMadisonWI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Howard A. Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans HospitalMadisonWI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans HospitalMadisonWI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI USA
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5
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Mollison KW, Fey TA, Krause RA, Andrews JM, Bretheim PT, Cusick PK, Hsieh GC, Luly JR. Nephrotoxicity studies of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus (FK506) and ascomycin in rat models. Toxicology 1998; 125:169-81. [PMID: 9570331 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nephrotoxic potential of ascomycin, the C21-ethyl analogue of FK506, was defined and ways explored to enhance its detection. After 14-day dosing in the Fischer-344 rat, FK506 and ascomycin reduced creatinine clearance by >50% at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p., respectively. Ascomycin also had a 3-fold lower immunosuppressive potency in a popliteal lymph node hyperplasia assay, resulting in an equivalent therapeutic index consistent with a common mechanistic dependence on calcineurin inhibition. Renal impairment with different routes of administration was correlated with pharmacokinetics. Sensitivity of detection was not adequate with shorter dosing durations in rats with unilateral nephrectomy or in mice using a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, SKF-525A. In 14-day studies, nephrotoxicity was not induced by continuous i.p. infusion of ascomycin at 10 mg/kg/day or daily oral administration (up to 50 mg/kg/day) in rats on a normal diet, nor by continuous i.v. infusion (up to 6 mg/kg/day) in rats on a low salt diet to enhance susceptibility. The lack of toxicity at high oral doses of FK506 or ascomycin, and the finding of non-linear oral pharmacokinetics of ascomycin show that this drug class has an oral absorption ceiling. The negative results with continuous infusion suggest that ascomycin nephrotoxicity is governed by peak drug levels. In addition to defining ways to meaningfully compare the nephrotoxic potential of FK506 derivatives, these results have implications for overall safety assessment and improved clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Immunologic Diseases Area, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-3500, USA
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6
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Fey TA, Krause RA, Hsieh GC, Andrews JM, Bretheim PT, Morgan SJ, Luly JR, Mollison KW. Improved methods for transplanting split-heart neonatal cardiac grafts into the ear pinna of mice and rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1998; 39:9-17. [PMID: 9596143 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rodent heterotopic ear-heart transplant method is a useful alternative to the more technically demanding vascularized graft technique. We modified the procedure to improve efficiency and used it in mice and rats to determine the survival times of both isologous and allogeneic grafts and compare reference immunosuppressants. Bisected rat and mouse cardiac (split-heart) isografts were uniformly viable up to 4 weeks postimplant; however, by 24 weeks only 90% of Lewis rat or C3H mouse split-heart isografts retained electrocardiographic activity, regressing to 81% by 60 weeks for the Lewis rat and to less than 50% for the C3H mouse by 43 weeks post-implant. The potency of tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine for prevention of allograft rejection was comparable whether using split-hearts or whole hearts in the Balb/C to C3H mouse model. The maximally effective doses at 2 weeks postimplant for intraperitoneally administered tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and oral leflunomide with Brown-Norway (BN) to Lewis rat ear-split-heart allografts (0.3, 0.1, 3.0, 10, mg/kg/day, respectively) agreed extremely well with published data for the rat primary vascularized heterotopic heart model. This reproducible and efficient transplantation model was improved by using split-hearts to double available donor tissue, a gonadotropin-enhanced breeding strategy that enables routine use of low-fecundity inbred rats as donors, implantation devices that speed and simplify the procedure, and defined electrocardiographic evaluation criteria to maximize sensitivity and provide an objective endpoint for defining rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Fey
- Immunoscience Research Area, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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7
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Mollison KW, Fey TA, Krause RA, Andrews JM, Bretheim PT, Brandt JA, Kawai M, Wagner R, Hsieh GC, Luly JR. Discovery of less nephrotoxic FK506 analogs and determining immunophilin dependence of immunosuppressant nephrotoxicity with a novel single-dose rat cisplatin potentiation assay. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 283:1509-19. [PMID: 9400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing nephrotoxicity of numerous drug analogs is impractical with chronic in vivo models. We devised a new cisplatin potentiation assay (CISPA) that sensitively detects renal injury as a serum creatinine increase when only one dose of test compound is followed by cisplatin. Reference nephrotoxins known to act on various sites in kidney tubules, glomeruli or renal papilla were all detected by the CISPA at single doses that without cisplatin gave little change, which showed that this simple, sensitive assay has broad potential utility for mechanistic studies of nephrotoxicity. We used the CISPA both to probe the nephrotoxic mode of action of immunosuppressants and to search for safer compounds. Although several non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressants were inactive, cyclosporine, FK506, ascomycin (C21-ethyl-FK506) and rapamycin were nephrotoxic in the CISPA at single doses equal to the daily amounts required to reduce creatinine clearance with 14 days of treatment. Similar therapeutic indices were derived comparing toxicity by either method to prevention of rat ear-heart allograft rejection. C18-OH-ascomycin, an FK506-binding protein (FKBP) antagonist, reversed in vivo immunosuppression by FK506 and ascomycin in the rat, and pretreatment in the CISPA blocked FK506 and ascomycin nephrotoxicity, which showed a common immunophilin dependence. Rapamycin nephrotoxicity was unaffected (as with cyclosporine), which indicated that binding to FKBP was not required. Rapamycin nephrotoxicity thus appears mechanistically unrelated to its immunosuppressive mode of action. Screening with the CISPA enabled discovery of A-119435, a less nephrotoxic ascomycin analog having a 10-fold higher therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Immunologic Diseases Area, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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8
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Mollison KW, Andrews JM, Fey TA, Miller LN, Krause RA, Bretheim PT, Brandt JA, Wagner R, Lane BC, Hsieh GC, Luly JR. Discovery of FK 506 analogues that are nontoxic to mouse pancreatic beta cells in vitro but show diabetogenic potential when administered to the rat. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:3185-8. [PMID: 8962236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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9
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Mollison KW, Fey TA, Krause RA, Thomas VA, Mehta AP, Luly JR. Comparison of FK-506, rapamycin, ascomycin, and cyclosporine in mouse models of host-versus-graft disease and heterotopic heart transplantation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 685:55-7. [PMID: 7689812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Abbott Laboratories Immunoscience Research Area, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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10
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Burres NS, Premachandran U, Frigo A, Swanson SJ, Mollison KW, Fey TA, Krause RA, Thomas VA, Lane B, Miller LN. Dunaimycins, a new complex of spiroketal 24-membered macrolides with immunosuppressive activity. III. Immunosuppressive activities of dunaimycins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991; 44:1331-41. [PMID: 1723403 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effects of the dunaimycins, a new complex of spiroketal 24-membered macrolides, were compared to cyclosporin A, ascomycin, and rapamycin. Each dunaimycin was a potent inhibitor of the mitogenic response observed in mixed murine splenocyte or human leukocyte cultures, and like immunosuppressive drugs these compounds were relatively less potent inhibitors of the constitutive proliferation of murine EL4 thymoma cells. Dunaimycin D4S showed no selectivity in inhibiting the mitogenic response of spleen cells to concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, or phytohemagglutinin. Cyclosporin A and ascomycin did not inhibit interleukin 2 dependent proliferation, whereas the dunaimycins and rapamycin blocked the uptake of [3H]thymidine in mixed cultures supplemented with exogenous interleukin 2. In addition, dunaimycin D4S had no apparent affinity for cyclosporin A or FK-506 immunophilins. Although the dunaimycins inhibited the activity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase, inhibition of this enzyme appeared insufficient to explain the biological activity of these new macrolides. Over a narrow concentration range, dunaimycin D4S showed in vivo immunosuppressive activity in the murine popliteal lymph node hyperplasia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Burres
- Pharmaceutical Products Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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Mollison KW, Mandecki W, Zuiderweg ER, Fayer L, Fey TA, Krause RA, Conway RG, Miller L, Edalji RP, Shallcross MA. Identification of receptor-binding residues in the inflammatory complement protein C5a by site-directed mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:292-6. [PMID: 2643101 PMCID: PMC286450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.1.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C5a is an inflammatory mediator potentially involved in a number of diseases. To help define which of its 74 residues are important for receptor binding and response triggering, changes in the amino acid sequence of C5a were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. Synthetic C5a-encoding genes incorporating point mutations were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the mutant proteins were purified to homogeneity. Modifications of the C5a molecule causing parallel reductions in binding to polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes and in stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte locomotion (chemokinesis) suggest that carboxyl-terminal residues Lys-68, Leu-72, and Arg-74 interact with the receptor. Substitutions in the disulfide-linked core of C5a revealed involvement of Arg-40 or nearby residues, because potency losses were associated with only localized conformational changes as detected by NMR. Surprisingly, a substitution at core residue Ala-26, which did not alter C5a core structure, appeared from NMR results to reduce potency by causing a long-distance conformational change centered on residue His-15. Thus, at least three discontinuous regions of the C5a molecule appear to act in concert to achieve full potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Immunoscience Research Area, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064
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Mollison KW, Fey TA, Krause RA, Mandecki W, Fox JL, Carter GW. High-level C5a gene expression and recovery of recombinant human C5a from Escherichia coli. Agents Actions 1987; 21:366-70. [PMID: 3318320 DOI: 10.1007/bf01966518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poor expression of a synthetic gene for the inflammatory mediator, C5a, was observed in E. coli grown in rich media. Varying the media composition markedly improved expression, although C5a levels still declined rapidly at the end of log phase. Using a protease-deficient strain, C5a was recovered at stationary phase in high yield (13 mg/liter of culture). Recovery was dependent on guanidinium hydrochloride extraction to solubilize the protein and glutathione treatment to promote correct folding. Two-thirds of the C5a retained an amino-terminal methionine. Both forms of recombinant C5a had activity similar to serum-derived C5a in binding to human neutrophil receptors and inducing chemotaxis. The 700-fold improvement in yield made it feasible to obtain gram amounts of C5a and provides an efficient system for site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Mollison
- Immunoscience Research Area, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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Krause RA. Archeology of the Midwest:
Central Plains Prehistory
. Holocene Environments and Culture Change in the Republican River Basin. Waldo R. Wedel. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1986. xviii, 280 pp., illus. $34.50. Science 1987; 236:339-40. [PMID: 17755556 DOI: 10.1126/science.236.4799.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The genetic toxicology of coordination compounds of transition metals has been of considerable interest since the application of cis-platinum(II) to the therapy of solid tumors. The nature of reactions of such compounds with DNA is still unclear, despite intensive investigation. In this study, several coordination compounds of rhodium(III) were tested for DNA-damaging activity and mutagenicity in bacterial assays in an attempt to understand both the chemical species involved in interactions with DNA and any structural requirements for such interactions. For several complexes it appears that dissociation of a ligand from the complex precedes reactions with DNA. This conclusion stems from the finding that photosensitive complexes of rhodium(III) are often many times more toxic to repair-deficient bacterial stains of E. coli K12 when incubated in the light than when incubated in the dark. Similar responses were seen for mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strain TA100. However, reversion of strain TA102 was largely independent of light exposure. Comparisons between mutagenicity and DNA-damaging activity revealed that the 3 activities measured sorted with some independence among the different compounds tested. Thus, the profiles for crosslink formation and/or generation of oxidative mutagens (mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strain TA102), mutagenicity in TA100 and DNA-damaging activity for the various groups of complexes showed many of the theoretically possible combinations of response in the assays. It is possible, then, that there are different structural requirements for DNA-damaging activity and mutagenicity respectively. This may indicate that synthesis of coordination compounds with specific genotoxic properties is possible. Such syntheses may provide complexes for study of DNA-metal interactions and could, later, direct an approach to the design of new antitumor agents.
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Carter GW, Martin MK, Krause RA, Young PR. The effects of anti-inflammatory and other agents on the rat dermal arthus reaction. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1982; 35:189-207. [PMID: 6122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of selected drugs on the Arthus reaction, a model of immune-complex-induced tissue injury, were studied. The reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) was elicited in the dorsal skin of rats, using bovine serum albumin and the gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit anti-BSA. The optimal amounts of antigen and antibody required to elicit the reaction, as well as the reaction kinetics, were examined. Chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, d-penicillamine, chloroquine, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, naproxen, and mefenamic acid were found to be inactive despite high doses; aspirin and ibuprofen were only weakly active. Hydrocortisone and colchicine were strong inhibitors of the RPAR: the calculated ED50 values were 13 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 mg/kg i.v., respectively. The RPAR exhibits a different sensitivity to drug inhibition than conventional models of inflammation (e.g., carrageenin paw edema) end may be useful to detect new types of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Mollison KW, Carter GW, Krause RA. Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes under agarose: lack of requirement for media protein and differential effects of buffer and agarose type on locomotion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1981; 167:419-27. [PMID: 7255422 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-167-41190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Frost D, Krause RA. [Dose requirement and definition of the image with new types of mammographic systems (author's transl)]. Strahlentherapie 1980; 156:770-5. [PMID: 7434387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several film-screen-systems have been tested under clinical conditions in order to check their utility for mammography (Dupont, Kodak, 3M, Agfa, Auer). The aim was to find the balance between the resolution of the details and the minimal radiation dose.
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Dodge PW, Brodie DA, Young PR, Krause RA, Tekeli S. Prevention of antiinflammatory drug-induced gastric lesions in rats by Abbott-29590. Am J Dig Dis 1974; 19:449-57. [PMID: 4545226 DOI: 10.1007/bf01255608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Krause RA. [Breath-operated patient bell]. Elektromed Biomed Tech 1969; 14:205-6. [PMID: 5409308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Krause RA, Klaschka F. [Apparatus for measuring the horny layer thickness in vivo]. Elektromed Biomed Tech 1969; 14:52-4. [PMID: 5384260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Goodsell EB, Krause RA, Kimura ET. Initial studies of a potent antiheparin agent (Ubiquin) [oligo-3-(N-methylmorpholinium)-1,2-propylene oxide chloride]. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1968; 20:588-95. [PMID: 5751638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Goodsell EB, Krause RA. The effect of prolonged administration of pargyline hydrochloride (a non-hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor) on glucose utilization in dogs. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1968; 171:475-90. [PMID: 5685843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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