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Westbrook R, Chung T, Lovett J, Ward C, Joca H, Yang H, Khadeer M, Tian J, Xue QL, Le A, Ferrucci L, Moaddel R, de Cabo R, Hoke A, Walston J, Abadir PM. Kynurenines link chronic inflammation to functional decline and physical frailty. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136091. [PMID: 32814718 PMCID: PMC7455140 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with physical frailty and functional decline in older adults; however, the molecular mechanisms of this linkage are not understood. A mouse model of chronic inflammation showed reduced motor function and partial denervation at the neuromuscular junction. Metabolomic profiling of these mice and further validation in frail human subjects showed significant dysregulation in the tryptophan degradation pathway, including decreased tryptophan and serotonin, and increased levels of some neurotoxic kynurenines. In humans, kynurenine strongly correlated with age, frailty status, TNF-αR1 and IL-6, weaker grip strength, and slower walking speed. To study the effects of elevated neurotoxic kynurenines on motor neuronal cell viability and axonal degeneration, we used motor neuronal cells treated with 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid and observed neurite degeneration in a dose-dependent manner and potentiation of toxicity between 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid. These results suggest that kynurenines mediate neuromuscular dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation and aging. Tryptophan-related toxic metabolites known as kynurenines are altered with chronic inflammation, which damages nerves in aged and frail mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chris Ward
- Department of Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Humberto Joca
- Department of Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanle Yang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | | | - Jing Tian
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Oncology and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafa de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.,Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Westbrook RM, Yang HL, Langdon JM, Roy CN, Kim JA, Choudhury PP, Xue QL, di Francesco A, de Cabo R, Walston J. Aged interleukin-10tm1Cgn chronically inflamed mice have substantially reduced fat mass, metabolic rate, and adipokines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186811. [PMID: 29267271 PMCID: PMC5739384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10tm1Cgn (IL 10tm) mice have been utilized as a model of chronic inflammation and declining health span because of their propensity to develop chronic activation in NFkB pathways, skeletal muscle and cardiac changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that older IL 10tm frail mice would have alterations similar to frail, older humans in measured parameters of glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), spontaneous locomotor activity, body composition and plasma adipokine levels. To test this hypothesis, we investigated these metabolic parameters in cohorts of 3, 10, and 20 month old IL 10tm female mice and age and gender matched C57Bl/6 mice. Insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, locomotor activity and RQ were not significantly altered between the two strains of mice. Interestingly, old IL 10tm mice had significantly decreased VO2 when normalized by lean mass, but not when normalized by fat mass or the lean/fat mass ratio. NMR based body composition analysis and dissection weights show that fat mass is decreased with age in IL 10tm mice compared to controls. Further, plasma adiponectin and leptin were also decreased in IL 10tm.These findings suggest that frailty observed in this mouse model of chronic inflammation may in part be driven by alterations in fat mass, hormone secretion and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan M Westbrook
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Huan Le Yang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jackie M Langdon
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Cindy N Roy
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jin A Kim
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Parichoy P Choudhury
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrea di Francesco
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Rafa de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Samuel MA, Voinescu PE, Lilley BN, de Cabo R, Foretz M, Viollet B, Pawlyk B, Sandberg MA, Vavvas DG, Sanes JR. LKB1 and AMPK regulate synaptic remodeling in old age. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1190-7. [PMID: 25086610 PMCID: PMC5369022 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related decreases in neural function result in part from alterations in synapses. To identify molecular defects that lead to such changes, we focused on the outer retina, in which synapses are markedly altered in old rodents and humans. We found that the serine/threonine kinase LKB1 and one of its substrates, AMPK, regulate this process. In old mice, synaptic remodeling was accompanied by specific decreases in the levels of total LKB1 and active (phosphorylated) AMPK. In the absence of either kinase, young adult mice developed retinal defects similar to those that occurred in old wild-type animals. LKB1 and AMPK function in rod photoreceptors where their loss leads to aberrant axonal retraction, the extension of postsynaptic dendrites and the formation of ectopic synapses. Conversely, increasing AMPK activity genetically or pharmacologically attenuates and may reverse age-related synaptic alterations. Together, these results identify molecular determinants of age-related synaptic remodeling and suggest strategies for attenuating these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Samuel
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - P Emanuela Voinescu
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Brendan N Lilley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rafa de Cabo
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- 1] Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Basil Pawlyk
- The Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Sandberg
- The Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Ferrucci L, de Cabo R, Knuth ND, Studenski S. Of Greek heroes, wiggling worms, mighty mice, and old body builders. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 67:13-6. [PMID: 22113943 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zhu M, Lee GD, Ding L, Hu J, Qiu G, de Cabo R, Bernier M, Ingram DK, Zou S. Adipogenic signaling in rat white adipose tissue: modulation by aging and calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42:733-44. [PMID: 17624709 PMCID: PMC1978194 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in adipogenesis could have significant impact on several aging processes. We previously reported that calorie restriction (CR) in rats significantly increases the level of circulating adiponectin, a distinctive marker of differentiated adipocytes, leading to a concerted modulation in the expression of key transcription target genes and, as a result, to increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced deleterious lipid accumulation in other tissues. These findings led us to investigate further the effects of aging on adipocytes and to determine how CR modulates adipogenic signaling in vivo. CR for 2 and 25 months, significantly increased the expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPbeta and Cdk-4, and partially attenuated age-related decline in C/EBPalpha expression relative to rats fed ad libitum (AL). As a result, adiponectin was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels, resulting in activation of target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis, and greater responsiveness of adipose tissue to insulin. Moreover, CR significantly decreased the ratio of C/EBPbeta isoforms LAP/LIP, suggesting the suppression of gene transcription associated with terminal differentiation while facilitating preadipocytes proliferation. Morphometric analysis revealed a greater number of small adipocytes in CR relative to AL feeding. Immunostaining confirmed that small adipocytes were more strongly positive for adiponectin than the large ones. Overall these results suggest that CR increased the expression of adipogenic factors, and maintained the differentiated state of adipocytes, which is critically important for adiponectin biosynthesis and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Garrick D. Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Liusong Ding
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jingping Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Guang Qiu
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Rafa de Cabo
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Michel Bernier
- Diabetes Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sige Zou
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sige Zou, Ph.D., Tenure-track Investigator, Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 6200 Seaforth Street, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: 410-558-8461; Fax: 410 558 8302; E-mail:
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