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Costa-Garcia M, Rojas JJ, Ramos MD, Barlabé P, Calvo P, Navas J, Alemany R, Moreno R. Oncolytic adenovirus coding for shedding-resistant MICA enhances immune responses against tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:5. [PMID: 38180524 PMCID: PMC10770194 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies strive to overcome tumor-induced immune suppression and activate antitumor immune responses. Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a pivotal role in this process, natural killer (NK) cells have also demonstrated remarkable tumor-killing abilities, given their ability to discriminate tumor cells from normal cells and mediate specific antitumoral cytotoxicity. NK cells activation depends on a balance between activation and inhibition signals from several ligands/receptors. Among them, MICA/NKG2D axis is a master regulator of NK activation. MHC class I chain-related polypeptide A (MICA) expression is upregulated by many tumor cell lines and primary tumors and serves as a ligand for the activating NK group 2D (NKG2D) receptor on NK cells and subpopulations of T cells. However, cancer cells can cleave MICA, making it soluble and de-targeting tumor cells from NK cells, leading to tumor immune escape.In this study, we present ICOVIR15KK-MICAMut, an oncolytic adenovirus (OAdv) armed with a transgene encoding a non-cleavable MICA to promote NK-mediated cell-killing capacity and activate the immune response against cancer cells. We first demonstrated the correct MICA overexpression from infected cells. Moreover, our MICA-expressing OAdv promotes higher NK activation and killing capacity than the non-armed virus in vitro. In addition, the armed virus also demonstrated significant antitumor activity in immunodeficient mice in the presence of human PBMCs, indicating the activation of human NK cells. Finally, OAdv-MICA overexpression in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice elicits tumor-specific immune response resulting in a greater tumor growth control.In summary, this study highlights the significance of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy and presents an innovative approach using a modified oncolytic virus to enhance NK cell activation and antitumor immune response. These findings suggest promising potential for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costa-Garcia
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Rojas
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Ramos
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Barlabé
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program of Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - P Calvo
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Navas
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Alemany
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Moreno
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Oncobell and iProCURE programs, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Garofalo M, Wieczorek M, Anders I, Staniszewska M, Lazniewski M, Prygiel M, Zasada AA, Szczepińska T, Plewczynski D, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Cerullo V, Alemany R, Rinner B, Pancer K, Kuryk L. Novel combinatorial therapy of oncolytic adenovirus AdV5/3-D24-ICOSL-CD40L with anti PD-1 exhibits enhanced anti-cancer efficacy through promotion of intratumoral T-cell infiltration and modulation of tumour microenvironment in mesothelioma mouse model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259314. [PMID: 38053658 PMCID: PMC10694471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer. Despite improvements in cancer treatment, there are still no curative treatment modalities for advanced stage of the malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of a novel combinatorial therapy combining AdV5/3-D24-ICOSL-CD40L, an oncolytic vector, with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Methods The efficacy of the vector was confirmed in vitro in three mesothelioma cell lines - H226, Mero-82, and MSTO-211H, and subsequently the antineoplastic properties in combination with anti-PD-1 was evaluated in xenograft H226 mesothelioma BALB/c and humanized NSG mouse models. Results and discussion Anticancer efficacy was attributed to reduced tumour volume and increased infiltration of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, including activated cytotoxic T-cells (GrB+CD8+). Additionally, a correlation between tumour volume and activated CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes was observed. These findings were confirmed by transcriptomic analysis carried out on resected human tumour tissue, which also revealed upregulation of CD83 and CRTAM, as well as several chemokines (CXCL3, CXCL9, CXCL11) in the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, according to observations, the combinatorial therapy had the strongest effect on reducing mesothelin and MUC16 levels. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the combinatorial therapy induced changes to the expression of genes belonging to the "adaptive immune response" gene ontology category. Combinatorial therapy with oncolytic adenovirus with checkpoint inhibitors may improve anticancer efficacy and survival by targeted cancer cell destruction and triggering of immunogenic cell death. Obtained results support further assessment of the AdV5/3-D24-ICOSL-CD40L in combination with checkpoint inhibitors as a novel therapeutic perspective for mesothelioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Magdalena Wieczorek
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ines Anders
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Lazniewski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Prygiel
- Departament of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Anna Zasada
- Departament of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Szczepińska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program (DRP), ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine Helsinki University, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Oncobell Program of Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), ProCure Program of Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Avinguda de la Granvia de l’Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de Llobrega, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Pancer
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinical Science, Valo Therapeutics, Helsinki, Finland
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Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Hellström AC, Moreno R, Ullenhag G, Alemany R, Lövgren T, Loskog A. Immunostimulatory gene therapy targeting CD40, 4-1BB and IL-2R activates DCs and stimulates antigen-specific T-cell and NK-cell responses in melanoma models. J Transl Med 2023; 21:506. [PMID: 37501121 PMCID: PMC10373363 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is pivotal for generating antigen-specific T-cell responses to eradicate tumor cells. Hence, immunotherapies targeting this interplay are especially intriguing. Moreover, it is of interest to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), as this harsh milieu often impairs adaptive immune responses. Oncolytic viral therapy presents an opportunity to overcome the immunosuppression in tumors by destroying tumor cells and thereby releasing antigens and immunostimulatory factors. These effects can be further amplified by the introduction of transgenes expressed by the virus. METHODS Lokon oncolytic adenoviruses (LOAd) belong to a platform of chimeric serotype Ad5/35 viruses that have their replication restricted to tumor cells, but the expression of transgenes is permitted in all infected cells. LOAd732 is a novel oncolytic adenovirus that expresses three essential immunostimulatory transgenes: trimerized membrane-bound CD40L, 4-1BBL and IL-2. Transgene expression was determined with flow cytometry and ELISA and the oncolytic function was evaluated with viability assays and xenograft models. The activation profiles of DCs were investigated in co-cultures with tumor cells or in an autologous antigen-specific T cell model by flow cytometry and multiplex proteomic analysis. Statistical differences were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. RESULTS All three transgenes were expressed in infected melanoma cells and DCs and transgene expression did not impair the oncolytic activity in tumor cells. DCs were matured post LOAd732 infection and expressed a multitude of co-stimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines crucial for T-cell responses. Furthermore, these DCs were capable of expanding and stimulating antigen-specific T cells in addition to natural killer (NK) cells. Strikingly, the addition of immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 did not affect the ability of LOAd732-matured DCs to expand antigen-specific T cells and these cells retained an enhanced activation profile. CONCLUSIONS LOAd732 is a novel immunostimulatory gene therapy based on an oncolytic adenovirus that expresses three transgenes, which are essential for mediating an anti-tumor immune response by activating DCs and stimulating T and NK cells even under imunosuppressive conditions commonly present in the TME. These qualities make LOAd732 an appealing new immunotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wenthe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Lokon Pharma AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Lokon Pharma AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Hellström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafael Moreno
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustav Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Lövgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Lokon Pharma AB, Uppsala, Sweden
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Soto-Castillo JJ, Llavata-Marti L, Fort-Culillas R, Andreu-Cobo P, Moreno R, Codony C, García Del Muro X, Alemany R, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J. SWI/SNF Complex Alterations in Tumors with Rhabdoid Features: Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Opportunities for Adoptive Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11143. [PMID: 37446319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex is one of the most remarkably altered epigenetic regulators in cancer. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF-related proteins have been recently described in many solid tumors, including rare and aggressive malignancies with rhabdoid features with no standard therapies in advanced or metastatic settings. In recent years, clinical trials with targeted drugs aimed at restoring its function have shown discouraging results. However, preclinical data have found an association between these epigenetic alterations and response to immune therapy. Thus, the rationale for immunotherapy strategies in SWI/SNF complex alteration-related tumors is strong. Here, we review the SWI/SNF complex and how its dysfunction drives the oncogenesis of rhabdoid tumors and the proposed strategies to revert this alteration and promising novel therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Llavata-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Roser Fort-Culillas
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Andreu-Cobo
- Medical Oncology Department, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Codony
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Cloquell A, Mateo I, Gambera S, Pumarola M, Alemany R, García-Castro J, Perisé-Barrios AJ. Systemic cellular viroimmunotherapy for canine high-grade gliomas. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005669. [PMID: 36600663 PMCID: PMC9772696 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses constitute a growing field of interest, both in human and veterinary oncology, given that they are particularly helpful for treating non-surgical tumors and disseminated cancer, such as high-grade gliomas. Companion dogs present malignant gliomas with biological, genetic, phenotypic, immunological, and clinical similarities to human gliomas. These features favor comparative approaches, leading to the treatment of canine oncological patients to achieve translational applications to the human clinic. The systemic administration of oncolytic viruses presents a challenge due to their limitations in effectively targeting tumors and metastases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of a virotherapy used in spontaneous canine tumors. METHODS Ten dogs with high-grade rostrotentorial gliomas underwent weekly systemic endovenous cellular virotherapy with dCelyvir (canine mesenchymal stem cells infected with the canine oncolytic adenovirus ICOCAV17) for 8 weeks. Efficacy was determined in seven dogs according to the Response Assessment in Veterinary Neuro-Oncology criteria considering clinical status and MRI measurements. Medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and vaccination status were evaluated prior to and during follow-up. Safety was evaluated by physical examinations and hematological and biochemical changes in peripheral blood. Immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and by gene expression and immunohistochemistry in the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The treatment was well tolerated and major adverse effects were not observed. Two dogs had partial responses (76% and 86% reduction in tumor size), and 3/7 showed stable disease. ICOCAV17 was detected in peripheral blood in nine dogs, and a correlation between the ICOCAV17 particles and anti-canine adenovirus (CAV) antibodies was observed. ICOCAV17 was detected in 3/9 tumor tissues after necropsies. Regarding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the dogs with disease stabilization and partial response tended to have reduced memory B-cell infiltration and increased monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that dCelyvir is safe and presents efficacy in canine rostrotentorial high-grade gliomas. These data are relevant to the ongoing phase Ib regulated human clinical trial that is administering this virotherapy to children, adolescents, and young adults with diffuse pontine glioma. Celyvir should be further explored as a treatment in veterinary and human neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cloquell
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Isidro Mateo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Veterinario VETSIA, Leganés, Spain
| | - Stefano Gambera
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada (UPMiC), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Judith Perisé-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica (UIB-UAX), Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
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Shin DH, Jiang H, Gillard A, Kim D, Nguyen T, Fan X, Yi Y, Ban K, Alemany R, Alonso MM, Lang F, Gomez-Manzano C, Ozpolat B, Fueyo J. IMMU-39. NANOPARTICLE TREATMENT REBALANCES IMMUNODOMINANCE OF ANTI-VIRUS IMMUNITY TO ENHANCE ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY DURING ONCOLYTIC ADENOVIRUS THERAPY IN SOLID TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy shows great potential for treating brain tumors and other solid tumors that metastasize to the brain. A phase I clinical trial testing the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD (DNX-2401) in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas demonstrated significant clinical benefits for a subset of patients, and another phase I trial testing Delta-24-RGD in patients with pediatric brain tumors also indicated similar clinical benefits. However, virus injection in tumors initiates both anti-virus and anti-tumor immune responses by activating respective clones of CD8+ T-cells, which compete for limited resources for clonal expansion. Expansion of T-cells against highly immunogenic viral antigens might limit the expansion of subdominant clones against tumor antigens. We hypothesized that inducing immune tolerance for the dominant viral antigens will allow the expansion of previously subdominant tumor-specific T-cells. In this work, we observed that nanoparticles encapsulating adenoviral antigens successfully induced immune tolerance for viral antigens. These nanoparticles were taken up by liver resident macrophages, which are involved in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. RNA-sequencing revealed that T-cells recognizing the encapsulated antigens had unique transcriptome signatures with upregulation of genes specifically involved in peripheral immune tolerance, including immune coinhibitory molecules. Virus-specific immune tolerance using nanoparticles redirected the focus of the immune response towards antigens for melanoma as measured by interferon-gamma secretion (P < 0.0001). Reduction of virus-specific T-cells and simultaneous expansion of tumor-specific T-cell clones were confirmed with tetramer staining (P < 0.05). Importantly, virotherapy in combination with nanoparticle-induced immune tolerance towards viral antigens increased the percentage of long-term survivors compared to virus treatment alone (100% versus 50%). Our data provide the basis to develop future clinical trials that aim to maximize the potential of cancer virotherapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | | | - Debora Kim
- MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | | | - Xuejun Fan
- MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , USA
| | - Yanhua Yi
- MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , USA
| | - Kechen Ban
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , USA
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain , Pamplona , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Fueyo
- MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , USA
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Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Lövgren T, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A. Abstract 3562: LOAd732 - a novel oncolytic adenovirus with enhanced immunostimulatory properties and resistance to immunosuppression. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims at activating or re-activating the immune system to create an anti-tumor response that could lead to eradication of the tumor cells. Central is the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) capable of presenting tumor antigens to T cells that can expand and kill tumor cells. However, the tumor is a harsh environment for the adaptive immune system and many of the conditions needed for the establishment of an immune response are lacking. Oncolytic viral therapy presents an opportunity to overcome the immunosuppression in tumors by destroying tumor cells, releasing antigens and immunostimulatory factors. The effects of the oncolytic virus can be further amplified by the introduction of transgenes expressed by the virus. LOAd oncolytic adenoviruses belong to a platform of Ad5/35 adenoviruses that have replication restricted to tumor cells. The viruses express human immunostimulatory transgenes under a CMV promotor that enables expression in all infected cells. LOAd703, encoding trimerized (TMZ)-CD40L and 4-1BBL, is under clinical investigation in solid tumors. Herein we present the data from the investigation of our novel oncolytic adenovirus LOAd732 that encodes for three human transgenes; TMZ-CD40L, 4-1BBL and IL-2. Infection of the human cell lines Mel526 and Mel624 with LOAd732 led to cell killing as was evaluated by MTS viability assay and to expression of the transgenes, TMZ-CD40L, 4-1BBL and IL-2 evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA. Moreover the immmunostimulatory function of LOAd732 was investigated by infecting immature dendritic cells, differentiated from CD14+ monocytes using GM-CSF and IL-4. Flow cytometry assay revealed that DCs infected with LOAd732 showed a mature profile with expression of activation markers and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, CD86, CD70, ICAM-1, and MHC molecules. Analysis of supernatants from the cultures with multiplex immunoassay (MDS technology) showed that LOAd732 DCs produce IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-21 and CXCL10. To assess the functionality of the DCs infected by LOAd732, the capacity of the cells to expand antigen-specific T cells were investigated in a CMV model system where DCs from CMV positive donors are pulsed with a CMV peptide and co-cultured with autologous T cells. LOAd732 infected DCs could expand CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. Since the tumor microenvironment often is immunosuppressive, TGF-β and IL-10 was added to the co-cultures to model these conditions. The addition of the immunosuppressing cytokines did not affect LOAd732 capacity to expand the antigen-specific T cells.
In conclusion, LOAd732 infected DCs express activation markers and co-stimulatory molecules and produce cytokines necessary for the initiation of an immune response. Moreover the DCs are functional and can expand antigen-specific T cells and protect them from TGF-β and IL-10 suppression.
Citation Format: Jessica Wenthe, Emma Eriksson, Tanja Lövgren, Rafael Moreno, Ramon Alemany, Angelica Loskog. LOAd732 - a novel oncolytic adenovirus with enhanced immunostimulatory properties and resistance to immunosuppression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3562.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Moreno
- 3Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- 3Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Shin DH, Jiang H, Kim D, Nguyen TT, Sohoni S, Fan X, Yi Y, Van Wieren AC, Al-Atrash G, Bernatchez C, Alemany R, Alonso M, Lang F, Gomez-Manzano C, Ozpolat B, Fueyo J. Abstract 3559: Redirection of anti-virus immunity towards anti-tumor immunity using nanoparticle-induced immune tolerance for oncolytic adenovirus therapy. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent clinical observations that some coronavirus infections induced complete remissions in lymphoma patients emphasized again the potential of cancer virotherapy. Infection of cancer cells with oncolytic viruses reshapes the tumor microenvironment by activating anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. A phase 1 clinical trial using oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD (DNX-2401) to treat recurrent malignant gliomas demonstrated activation of CD8+ T-cells and significant clinical benefits for a subset of patients. However, both anti-virus and anti-tumor immune responses are contingent on the activation of respective clones of CD8+ T-cells, which compete for clonal expansion. Thus, overexpansion of T-cells against viral antigens reduces the frequency of subdominant clones against tumor antigens. We hypothesized that inducing immune tolerance for viral antigens will decrease anti-viral immunity and in turn derepress anti-tumor immunity, resulting in enhanced efficacy of cancer virotherapy. In this work, we used nanoparticles encapsulating adenoviral antigens E1A, E1B and hexon that distributed to liver resident macrophages (P<0.0001) and induced peripheral immune tolerance. Functional experiments to restimulate immune cells with viral or tumor antigens showed that injection of nanoparticles induced virus-specific immune tolerance and redirected the focus of the immune response towards tumor peptides as measured by interferon-gamma secretion (P<0.0001). Co-culture experiments also showed increased activation of immune cells against fixed tumor cells after nanoparticle treatment (P<0.0001). Reduction of virus-specific T-cells and concurrent expansion of tumor-specific T-cell clones were further confirmed with E1A or OVA tetramers (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis suggested increased anti-tumor responses were due to differences in T-cell clones and not due to other immune populations including natural killer cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (P=0.3). Importantly, virotherapy in combination with nanoparticle-induced immune tolerance towards viral antigens in tumor-bearing mice increased the overall survival and doubled the percentage of long-term survivors compared to virus treatment alone. Our data should propel the development of a future clinical trial aiming to maximize the potential of anti-tumor immunity during cancer virotherapies.
Citation Format: Dong Ho Shin, Hong Jiang, Debora Kim, Teresa T. Nguyen, Sagar Sohoni, Xuejun Fan, Yanhua Yi, Arie C. Van Wieren, Gheath Al-Atrash, Chantale Bernatchez, Ramon Alemany, Marta Alonso, Frederick Lang, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Bulent Ozpolat, Juan Fueyo. Redirection of anti-virus immunity towards anti-tumor immunity using nanoparticle-induced immune tolerance for oncolytic adenovirus therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3559.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanhua Yi
- 1MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Ramon Alemany
- 3IDIBELL – Institut Catala d’Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Wenthe J, Naseri S, Hellström AC, Moreno R, Ullenhag G, Alemany R, Lövgren T, Eriksson E, Loskog A. Immune priming using DC- and T cell-targeting gene therapy sensitizes both treated and distant B16 tumors to checkpoint inhibition. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:429-442. [PMID: 35141399 PMCID: PMC8810301 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but most tumors show resistance. Resistance is connected to a non-T cell inflamed phenotype partially caused by a lack of functional dendritic cells (DCs) that are crucial for T cell priming. Herein, we investigated whether the adenoviral gene vehicle mLOAd703 carrying both DC- and T cell-activating genes can lead to inflammation in a B16-CD46 model and thereby overcome resistance to checkpoint inhibition therapy. B16-CD46 cells were injected subcutaneously in one or both flanks of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. mLOAd703 treatments were given intratumorally alone or in combination with intraperitoneal checkpoint inhibition therapy (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-TIM-3). Tumor, lymph node, spleen, and serum samples were analyzed for the presence of immune cells and cytokines/chemokines. B16-CD46 tumors were non-inflamed and resistant to checkpoint blockade. In contrast, mLOAd703 treatment led to infiltration of the tumor by CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD103+ DCs, accompanied by a systemic increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-27 (IL-27). This response was even more pronounced after combining the virus with checkpoint therapy, in particular with anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIM-3, leading to further reduced tumor growth in injected lesions. Moreover, anti-PD-L1 combination also facilitated abscopal responses in non-injected lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wenthe
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author Jessica Wenthe, MSc, Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sedigheh Naseri
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Hellström
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafael Moreno
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustav Ullenhag
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Oncology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Lövgren
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Lokon Pharma AB, 753 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Lokon Pharma AB, 753 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Garcia-Carbonero R, Bazan-Peregrino M, Gil-Martín M, Álvarez R, Macarulla T, Riesco-Martinez MC, Verdaguer H, Guillén-Ponce C, Farrera-Sal M, Moreno R, Mato-Berciano A, Maliandi MV, Torres-Manjon S, Costa M, Del Pozo N, Martínez de Villarreal J, Real FX, Vidal N, Capella G, Alemany R, Blasi E, Blasco C, Cascalló M, Salazar R. Phase I, multicenter, open-label study of intravenous VCN-01 oncolytic adenovirus with or without nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003255. [PMID: 35338084 PMCID: PMC8961117 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VCN-01 is an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5 based) designed to replicate in cancer cells with dysfunctional RB1 pathway, express hyaluronidase to enhance virus intratumoral spread and facilitate chemotherapy and immune cells extravasation into the tumor. This phase I clinical trial was aimed to find the maximum tolerated dose/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of the intravenous delivery of the replication-competent VCN-01 adenovirus in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS Part I: patients with advanced refractory solid tumors received one single dose of VCN-01. Parts II and III: patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received VCN-01 (only in cycle 1) and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (VCN-concurrent on day 1 in Part II, and 7 days before chemotherapy in Part III). Patients were required to have anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibody (NAbs) titers lower than 1/350 dilution. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed. RESULTS 26% of the patients initially screened were excluded based on high NAbs levels. Sixteen and 12 patients were enrolled in Part I and II, respectively: RP2D were 1×1013 viral particles (vp)/patient (Part I), and 3.3×1012 vp/patient (Part II). Fourteen patients were included in Part III: there were no DLTs and the RP2D was 1×1013 vp/patient. Observed DLTs were grade 4 aspartate aminotransferase increase in one patient (Part I, 1×1013 vp), grade 4 febrile neutropenia in one patient and grade 5 thrombocytopenia plus enterocolitis in another patient (Part II, 1×1013 vp). In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma overall response rate were 50% (Part II) and 50% (Part III). VCN-01 viral genomes were detected in tumor tissue in five out of six biopsies (day 8). A second viral plasmatic peak and increased hyaluronidase serum levels suggested replication after intravenous injection in all patients. Increased levels of immune biomarkers (interferon-γ, soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10) were found after VCN-01 administration. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with VCN-01 is feasible and has an acceptable safety. Encouraging biological and clinical activity was observed when administered in combination with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine to patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02045602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Garcia-Carbonero
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Gil-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Macarulla
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Riesco-Martinez
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Verdaguer
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Farrera-Sal
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCure Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCure Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Torres-Manjon
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCure Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Costa
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCure Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Pozo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez de Villarreal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capella
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ProCure Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Blasi
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Blasco
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Cascalló
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Bazan-Peregrino M, Garcia-Carbonero R, Laquente B, Álvarez R, Mato-Berciano A, Gimenez-Alejandre M, Morgado S, Rodríguez-García A, Maliandi MV, Riesco MC, Moreno R, Ginestà MM, Perez-Carreras M, Gornals JB, Prados S, Perea S, Capella G, Alemany R, Salazar R, Blasi E, Blasco C, Cascallo M, Hidalgo M. VCN-01 disrupts pancreatic cancer stroma and exerts antitumor effects. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 9:jitc-2021-003254. [PMID: 35149591 PMCID: PMC8578996 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by dense desmoplastic stroma that limits the delivery of anticancer agents. VCN-01 is an oncolytic adenovirus designed to replicate in cancer cells with a dysfunctional RB1 pathway and express hyaluronidase. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of action of VCN-01 in preclinical models and in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods VCN-01 replication and antitumor efficacy were evaluated alone and in combination with standard chemotherapy in immunodeficient and immunocompetent preclinical models using intravenous or intratumoral administration. Hyaluronidase activity was evaluated by histochemical staining and by measuring drug delivery into tumors. In a proof-of-concept clinical trial, VCN-01 was administered intratumorally to patients with PDAC at doses up to 1×1011 viral particles in combination with chemotherapy. Hyaluronidase expression was measured in serum by an ELISA and its activity within tumors by endoscopic ultrasound elastography. Results VCN-01 replicated in PDAC models and exerted antitumor effects which were improved when combined with chemotherapy. Hyaluronidase expression by VCN-01 degraded tumor stroma and facilitated delivery of a variety of therapeutic agents such as chemotherapy and therapeutic antibodies. Clinically, treatment was generally well-tolerated and resulted in disease stabilization of injected lesions. VCN-01 was detected in blood as secondary peaks and in post-treatment tumor biopsies, indicating virus replication. Patients had increasing levels of hyaluronidase in sera over time and decreased tumor stiffness, suggesting stromal disruption. Conclusions VCN-01 is an oncolytic adenovirus with direct antitumor effects and stromal disruption capabilities, representing a new therapeutic agent for cancers with dense stroma. Trial registration number EudraCT number: 2012-005556-42 and NCT02045589.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocio Garcia-Carbonero
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Imas12, UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Laquente
- Medical Oncology Department, IDIBELL-Institut Catala d' Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Morgado
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08174, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-García
- Virotherapy and Gene Therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Riesco
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Imas12, UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and Gene Therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia M Ginestà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Perez-Carreras
- Endoscopic Unit, Servicio Aparato Digestivo, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan B Gornals
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Prados
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Perea
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capella
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Virotherapy and Gene Therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Medical Oncology Department, IDIBELL-Institut Catala d' Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Emma Blasi
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08174, Spain
| | - Carmen Blasco
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08174, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallo
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, 08174, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain .,Div. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Núñez-Manchón E, Farrera-Sal M, Otero-Mateo M, Castellano G, Moreno R, Medel D, Alemany R, Villanueva E, Fillat C. Transgene codon usage drives viral fitness and therapeutic efficacy in oncolytic adenoviruses. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab015. [PMID: 34316705 PMCID: PMC8210037 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arming oncolytic adenoviruses with therapeutic transgenes is a well-established strategy for multimodal tumour attack. However, this strategy sometimes leads to unexpected attenuated viral replication and a loss of oncolytic effects, preventing these viruses from reaching the clinic. Previous work has shown that altering codon usage in viral genes can hamper viral fitness. Here, we have analysed how transgene codon usage impacts viral replication and oncolytic activity. We observe that, although transgenes with optimized codons show high expression levels at the first round of infection, they impair viral fitness and are therefore not expressed in a sustained manner. Conversely, transgenes encoded by suboptimal codons do not compromise viral replication and are thus stably expressed over time, allowing a greater oncolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our work shows that fine-tuning codon usage leads to a concerted optimization of transgene expression and viral replication paving the way for the rational design of more efficacious oncolytic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Núñez-Manchón
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Farrera-Sal
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marc Otero-Mateo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - David Medel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eneko Villanueva
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Farrera-Sal M, Moya-Borrego L, Bazan-Peregrino M, Alemany R. Evolving Status of Clinical Immunotherapy with Oncolytic Adenovirus. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2979-2988. [PMID: 33526422 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors shows efficacy in several human cancers, but "cold tumors" that lack immune cells are typically unresponsive. Among the potential therapeutic approaches that could "heat" or promote lymphocyte infiltration of cold tumors, oncolytic viruses have attracted interest for their lytic and immunogenic mechanisms of action. In this article, we review the use of oncolytic adenoviruses in cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on preclinical and clinical data of oncolytic adenovirus-triggered immune responses against tumor antigens. We also discuss parameters to consider in clinical trial design and the combination of oncolytic adenoviruses with conventional treatments or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Farrera-Sal
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain.,VCN Biosciences SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Mato-Berciano A, Morgado S, Maliandi MV, Farrera-Sal M, Gimenez-Alejandre M, Ginestà MM, Moreno R, Torres-Manjon S, Moreno P, Arias-Badia M, Rojas LA, Capellà G, Alemany R, Cascallo M, Bazan-Peregrino M. Oncolytic adenovirus with hyaluronidase activity that evades neutralizing antibodies: VCN-11. J Control Release 2021; 332:517-528. [PMID: 33675877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor targeting and intratumoral virus spreading are key features for successful oncolytic virotherapy. VCN-11 is a novel oncolytic adenovirus, genetically modified to express hyaluronidase (PH20) and display an albumin-binding domain (ABD) on the hexon. ABD allows the virus to self-coat with albumin when entering the bloodstream and evade neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Here, we validate VCN-11 mechanism of action and characterize its toxicity. VCN-11 replication, hyaluronidase activity and binding to human albumin to evade NAbs was evaluated. Toxicity and efficacy of VCN-11 were assessed in mice and hamsters. Tumor targeting, and antitumor activity was analyzed in the presence of NAbs in several tumor models. VCN-11 induced 450 times more cytotoxicity in tumor cells than in normal cells. VCN-11 hyaluronidase production was confirmed by measuring PH20 activity in vitro and in virus-infected tumor areas in vivo. VCN-11 evaded NAbs from different sources and tumor targeting was demonstrated in the presence of high levels of NAbs in vivo, whereas the control virus without ABD was neutralized. VCN-11 showed a low toxicity profile in athymic nude mice and Syrian hamsters, allowing treatments with high doses and fractionated administrations without major toxicities (up to 1.2x1011vp/mouse and 7.5x1011vp/hamster). Fractionated intravenous administrations improved circulation kinetics and tumor targeting. VCN-11 antitumor efficacy was demonstrated in the presence of NAbs against Ad5 and itself. Oncolytic adenovirus VCN-11 disrupts tumor matrix and displays antitumor effects even in the presence of NAbs. These features make VCN-11 a safe promising candidate to test re-administration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Morgado
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Farrera-Sal
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Mireia M Ginestà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology- ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres-Manjon
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paz Moreno
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Luis A Rojas
- Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology- ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Virotherapy Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Virotherapy and Immunotherapy Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallo
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Giménez-Roig J, Núñez-Manchón E, Alemany R, Villanueva E, Fillat C. Codon Usage and Adenovirus Fitness: Implications for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633946. [PMID: 33643266 PMCID: PMC7902882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method to date to prevent viral diseases. It intends to mimic a naturally occurring infection while avoiding the disease, exposing our bodies to viral antigens to trigger an immune response that will protect us from future infections. Among different strategies for vaccine development, recombinant vaccines are one of the most efficient ones. Recombinant vaccines use safe viral vectors as vehicles and incorporate a transgenic antigen of the pathogen against which we intend to generate an immune response. These vaccines can be based on replication-deficient viruses or replication-competent viruses. While the most effective strategy involves replication-competent viruses, they must be attenuated to prevent any health hazard while guaranteeing a strong humoral and cellular immune response. Several attenuation strategies for adenoviral-based vaccine development have been contemplated over time. In this paper, we will review them and discuss novel approaches based on the principle that protein synthesis from individual genes can be modulated by codon usage bias manipulation. We will summarize vaccine approaches that consider recoding of viral proteins to produce adenoviral attenuation and recoding of the transgene antigens for both viral attenuation and efficient viral epitope expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Giménez-Roig
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Núñez-Manchón
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Procure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia- Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eneko Villanueva
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Kiyokawa J, Kawamura Y, Ghouse SM, Acar S, Barçın E, Martínez-Quintanilla J, Martuza RL, Alemany R, Rabkin SD, Shah K, Wakimoto H. Modification of Extracellular Matrix Enhances Oncolytic Adenovirus Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:889-902. [PMID: 33257429 PMCID: PMC7854507 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan (HA) facilitates malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma (GBM), however, whether HA impacts response to GBM immunotherapies is not known. Herein, we investigated whether degradation of HA enhances oncolytic virus immunotherapy for GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Presence of HA was examined in patient and murine GBM. Hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, ICOVIR17, and its parental virus, ICOVIR15, without transgene, were tested to determine if they increased animal survival and modulated the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in orthotopic GBM. HA regulation of NF-κB signaling was examined in virus-infected murine macrophages. We combined ICOVIR17 with PD-1 checkpoint blockade and assessed efficacy and determined mechanistic contributions of tumor-infiltrating myeloid and T cells. RESULTS Treatment of murine orthotopic GBM with ICOVIR17 increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and macrophages, and upregulated PD-L1 on GBM cells and macrophages, leading to prolonged animal survival, compared with control virus ICOVIR15. High molecular weight HA inhibits adenovirus-induced NF-κB signaling in macrophages in vitro, linking HA degradation to macrophage activation. Combining ICOVIR17 with anti-PD-1 antibody further extended the survival of GBM-bearing mice, achieving long-term remission in some animals. Mechanistically, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages all contributed to the combination therapy that induced tumor-associated proinflammatory macrophages and tumor-specific T-cell cytotoxicity locally and systemically. CONCLUSIONS Our studies are the first to show that immune modulatory ICOVIR17 has a dual role of mediating degradation of HA within GBM ECM and subsequently modifying the immune landscape of the TME, and offers a mechanistic combination immunotherapy with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade that remodels innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoichiro Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanawaz M Ghouse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simge Acar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erinç Barçın
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordi Martínez-Quintanilla
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO and Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khalid Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wenthe J, Naseri S, Hellström AC, Moreno R, Ullenhag G, Alemany R, Lövgren T, Eriksson E, Loskog A. Abstract 915: Abscopal effect using intratumoral oncolytic virotherapy (LOAd703) is enhanced by anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor immune response using an oncolytic adenovirus encoding TMZ-CD40L and 4-1BBL (LOAd703) with or without PD-1 or PD-L1 checkpoint blockade. Oncolytic immunostimulatory viruses are currently being evaluated for their capacity to sensitize checkpoint blockade resistant patients to checkpoint blockade therapy since resistance is associated with a non-inflamed tumor phenotype. Herein we evaluated LOAd703, with or without PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade, in preclinical melanoma models. A murine version of LOAd703 (mLOAd703) expressing murine TMZ-CD40L and 4-1BBL was evaluated in the B16-hCD46/C57BL6 model. Immune activation was determined by flow cytometry and multiplex assays from Meso Scale Discovery. Note that adenoviruses do not replicate in murine cells, hence, the treatment effect of mLOAd703 in animal models is only due to expression of the immunostimulatory transgenes. Single and twin-tumor models were used to evaluate the effect of mLOAd703 (1 × 10e9 ffu/treatment) by repeated intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.) injections (one lesion). I.v. treatment did not control tumor growth likely due to the anti-adenovirus antibodies post LOAd703 exposure as evaluated by ELISA. In contrast, i.t. treatment could control growth of the injected tumor as well as hamper growth of the non-injected tumor demonstrating that it is more important to induce systemic immunity from a highly active tumor site (high virus load) than to reach all lesions with a small number of viral particles as shown by PCR. Further, mice with single or twin-tumors were treated with i.t. mLOAd703 (1 × 10e9 ffu), anti-PD-1 or anti- PD-L1 (intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg/injection), or a combination of either antibody and mLOAd703. Anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 monotherapy had only a limited effect on tumor growth in this model, whereas the combination with mLOAd703 could control the growth of the injected tumor and further delay the growth of the non-injected tumor compared to mLOAd703 alone. In agreement, flow cytometry analysis of the tumor biopsies showed an increase of CD8+ T cells in both tumors. In line with tumor inflammation, serum levels of T effector cytokines such as IFNg and TNFa were highest in animals treated with the combination. In conclusion, local mLOAd703 virotherapy induced a systemic anti-tumor immune response in the B16-hCD46 melanoma model. The abscopal effect was further increased by combining mLOAd703 with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1. LOAd703 (i.t.) is currently in clinical development with and without PD-L1.
Citation Format: Jessica Wenthe, Sedigheh Naseri, Ann-Charlotte Hellström, Rafael Moreno, Gustav Ullenhag, Ramon Alemany, Tanja Lövgren, Emma Eriksson, Angelica Loskog. Abscopal effect using intratumoral oncolytic virotherapy (LOAd703) is enhanced by anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 915.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Moreno
- 2Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Alemany
- 2Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Farrera-Sal M, de Sostoa J, Nuñez-Manchón E, Moreno R, Fillat C, Bazan-Peregrino M, Alemany R. Arming Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Effect of Insertion Site and Splice Acceptor on Transgene Expression and Viral Fitness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5158. [PMID: 32708234 PMCID: PMC7404292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) present limited efficacy in clinics. The insertion of therapeutic transgenes into OAds genomes, known as "arming OAds", has been the main strategy to improve their therapeutic potential. Different approaches were published in the decade of the 2000s, but with few comparisons. Most armed OAds have complete or partial E3 deletions, leading to a shorter half-life in vivo. We generated E3+ OAds using two insertion sites, After-fiber and After-E4, and two different splice acceptors linked to the major late promoter, either the Ad5 protein IIIa acceptor (IIIaSA) or the Ad40 long fiber acceptor (40SA). The highest transgene levels were obtained with the After-fiber location and 40SA. However, the set of codons of the transgene affected viral fitness, highlighting the relevance of transgene codon usage when arming OAds using the major late promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Farrera-Sal
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
- VCN Biosciences S.L., 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain;
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Estela Nuñez-Manchón
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-M.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
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Barlabé P, Sostoa JD, Fajardo CA, Alemany R, Moreno R. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic adenovirus armed with an EGFR-targeted BiTE using menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as carriers. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:383-388. [PMID: 31204390 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Poor tumor targeting of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAdv) after systemic administration is considered a major limitation for virotherapy of disseminated cancers. The benefit of using mesenchymal stem cells as cell carriers for OAdv tumor targeting is currently evaluated not only in preclinical models but also in clinical trials. In this context, we have previously demonstrated the enhanced antitumor efficacy of OAdv-loaded menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs). However, although significant, the antitumor efficacy obtained was modest, and we hypothesized that a greater antitumor efficacy could be obtained arming the OAdv with a therapeutic transgene. Here we show that combining MenSCs with ICOVIR15-cBiTE, an OAdv expressing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting bispecific T-cell engager (cBiTE), enhances the antitumor efficacy compared to MenSCs loaded with the unarmed virus ICOVIR15. We found that MenSCs properly produce cBiTE after viral infection leading to a greater antitumor potency both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the mutual benefit of combining MenSCs and armed OAdv and support the combination of ICOVIR15-cBiTE and MenSCs as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Barlabé
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jove M, Braña I, Taberna M, Hernando-Calvo A, Castro JB, Garralda E, Serrahima MP, Pujol MM, Capella G, Alemany R, Blasi E, Blasco C, Piqueras MC, Nin RM. 128TiP VCN-01 plus durvalumab in subjects with recurrent/metastatic head & neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC): Phase I clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Garcia-Carbonero R, Gil Martín M, Alvarez Gallego R, Macarulla Mercade T, Riesco Martinez M, Guillen-Ponce C, Vidal N, Real F, Moreno R, Maliandi V, Mato-Berciano A, Bazan-Peregrino M, Capella G, Alemany R, Blasi E, Blasco C, Cascallo M, Salazar R. Systemic administration of the hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01 in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: First-in-human clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Hidalgo M, Bazan-Peregrino M, Laquente B, Gallego RA, Mato-Berciano A, Giménez-Alejandre M, Maliandi V, Martinez MCR, Moreno R, Morell M, Perez-Carreras M, Gornals J, Prados S, Capella G, Alemany R, Salazar R, Blasi E, Blasco C, Cascallo M, Garcia-Carbonero R. Proof of concept clinical study by US-guided intratumor injection of VCN-01, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing hyaluronidase in patients with pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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de Sostoa J, Fajardo CA, Moreno R, Ramos MD, Farrera-Sal M, Alemany R. Targeting the tumor stroma with an oncolytic adenovirus secreting a fibroblast activation protein-targeted bispecific T-cell engager. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 30683154 PMCID: PMC6347837 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic virus (OV)-based therapies have an emerging role in the treatment of solid tumors, involving both direct cell lysis and immunogenic cell death. Nonetheless, tumor-associated stroma limits the efficacy of oncolytic viruses by forming a barrier that blocks efficient viral penetration and spread. The stroma also plays a critical role in progression, immunosuppression and invasiveness of cancer. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is highly overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main cellular component of tumor stroma, and in this study we assessed whether arming oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) with a FAP-targeting Bispecific T-cell Engager (FBiTE) could retarget infiltrated lymphocytes towards CAFs, enhancing viral spread and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the tumor stroma to improve therapeutic activity. METHODS The bispecific T-cell Engager against FAP was constructed using an anti-human CD3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) linked to an anti-murine and human FAP scFv. This FBiTE was inserted in the oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR15K under the control of the major late promoter, generating the ICO15K-FBiTE. ICO15K-FBiTE replication and potency were assessed in HT1080 and A549 tumor cell lines. The expression of the FBiTE and the activation and proliferation of T cells that induced along with the T cell-mediated cytotoxicity of CAFs were evaluated by flow cytometry in vitro. In vivo, T-cell biodistribution and antitumor efficacy studies were conducted in NOD/scid/IL2rg-/- (NSG) mice. RESULTS FBiTE expression did not decrease the infectivity and replication potency of the armed virus. FBiTE-mediated binding of CD3+ effector T cells and FAP+ target cells led to T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of FAP-positive cells in vitro. In vivo, FBiTE expression increased intratumoral accumulation of T cells and decreased the level of FAP, a marker of CAFs, in tumors. The antitumor activity of the FBiTE-armed adenovirus was superior to the parental virus. CONCLUSIONS Combination of viral oncolysis of cancer cells and FBiTE-mediated cytotoxicity of FAP-expressing CAFs might be an effective strategy to overcome a key limitation of oncolytic virotherapy, encouraging its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria D Ramos
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Martí Farrera-Sal
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain.,VCN Biosciences S.L., Grifols Corporate Offices, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, El Prat de Llobregat, Spain.
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Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A. IL-6 Signaling Blockade during CD40-Mediated Immune Activation Favors Antitumor Factors by Reducing TGF-β, Collagen Type I, and PD-L1/PD-1. J Immunol 2019; 202:787-798. [PMID: 30617223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 plays a role in cancer pathogenesis via its connection to proteins involved in the formation of desmoplastic stroma and to immunosuppression by driving differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells together with TGF-β. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling in the tumor microenvironment may, thus, limit desmoplasia and myeloid suppressor cell differentiation. CD40 signaling can further revert myeloid cell differentiation toward antitumor active phenotypes. Hence, the simultaneous use of IL-6 blockade with CD40 stimuli may tilt the tumor microenvironment to promote antitumor immune responses. In this paper, we evaluated the mechanisms of LOAd713, an oncolytic adenovirus designed to block IL-6R signaling and to provide myeloid cell activation via a trimerized membrane-bound isoleucine zipper (TMZ) CD40L. LOAd713-infected pancreatic cancer cells were killed by oncolysis, whereas infection of stellate cells reduced factors involved in stroma formation, including TGF-β-1 and collagen type I. Virus infection prevented IL-6/GM-CSF-mediated differentiation of myeloid suppressors, but not CD163 macrophages, whereas infection of dendritic cells led to upregulation of maturation markers, including CD83, CD86, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ. Further, IL-6R blockade prevented upregulation of programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 on the stimulated dendritic cells. These results suggest that LOAd713 can kill infected tumor cells and has the capacity to affect the tumor microenvironment by stimulating stellate cells and myeloid suppressors with TMZ-CD40L and IL-6R blockade. Gene transfer of murine TMZ-CD40L prolonged survival in an animal model. LOAd713 may be an interesting therapeutic option for cancers connected to IL-6 signaling, such as pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Milenova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wenthe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafael Moreno
- L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Ramon Alemany
- L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; .,Lokon Pharma AB, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
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Farrera M, Mato-Berciano A, Morgado S, Moreno R, de Sostoa Pomes J, Alemany R, Bazan-Peregrino M. Increased antitumour activity and extravasation of immune checkpoint inhibitor due to hyaluronidase expressed from oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01 and generation of new viruses with improved hyaluronidase activity. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy487.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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de Sostoa Pomés J, Fajardo C, Moreno R, Ramon M, Farrera Sal M, Alemany R. Targeting the tumor stroma with a bispecific T-cell engager-armed oncolytic adenovirus. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy487.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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García M, Moreno R, Gil-Martin M, Cascallò M, de Olza MO, Cuadra C, Piulats JM, Navarro V, Domenech M, Alemany R, Salazar R. A Phase 1 Trial of Oncolytic Adenovirus ICOVIR-5 Administered Intravenously to Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma Patients. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:352-364. [PMID: 30234393 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent a unique type of agents that combine self-amplification, lytic, and immunostimulatory properties against tumors. A local and locoregional clinical benefit has been demonstrated upon intratumoral injections of an oncolytic herpes virus in melanoma patients, leading to its approval in the United States and Europe for patients without visceral disease (up to stage IVM1a). However, in order to debulk and change the local immunosuppressive environment of tumors that cannot be injected directly, oncolyitc viruses need to be administered systemically. Among different viruses, adenovirus has been extensively used in clinical trials but with few evidences of activity upon systemic administration. Preclinical efficacy of a single intravenous administration of our oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR5, an adenovirus type 5 responsive to the retinoblastoma pathway commonly deregulated in tumors, led us to use this virus in a dose-escalation phase 1 trial in metastatic melanoma patients. The results in 12 patients treated with a single infusion of a dose up to 1 × 1013 viral particles show that ICOVIR5 can reach melanoma metastases upon a single intravenous administration but fails to induce tumor regressions. These results support the systemic administration of armed oncolytic viruses to treat disseminated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita García
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martin
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallò
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.,4 VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuadra
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Piulats
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Navarro
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domenech
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has resulted in unprecedented rates of long-lasting complete responses in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. However, despite the impressive results in patients with hematologic malignancies, CAR-T cells have showed limited effect against solid cancers. New approaches will need to simultaneously overcome the multiple challenges that CAR-T cells encounter in solid tumors, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity of antigen expression. Oncolytic viruses are lytic and immunogenic anti-cancer agents with the potential to synergize with CAR-T cells for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, viruses can be further modified to deliver therapeutic transgenes selectively to the tumor microenvironment, which could enhance the effector functions of tumor-specific T cells. This review summarizes the major limitations of CAR-T cells in solid tumors and discusses the potential role for oncolytic viruses as partners for CAR-T cells in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guedan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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29
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Moreno R, Fajardo CA, Farrera-Sal M, Perisé-Barrios AJ, Morales-Molina A, Al-Zaher AA, García-Castro J, Alemany R. Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenovirus-loaded Menstrual Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:127-138. [PMID: 30322950 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of using human oncolytic adenovirus (OAdv)-loaded mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for cancer treatment. For example, we have described the antitumor efficacy of CELYVIR, autologous bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells infected with the OAdv ICOVIR-5, for treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. Results from this clinical trial point out the role of the immune system in the clinical outcome. In this context, a better understanding of the immunophenotypic changes of human MSCs upon adenoviral infection and how these changes affect human autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could guide strategies to improve the antitumor efficacy of infected MSCs. In this work, we show how infection by an OAdv induces toll-like receptor 9 overexpression and activation of the NFĸB pathway in menstrual blood-derived MSCs, leading to a specific cytokine secretion profile. Moreover, a proinflammatory environment, mainly mediated by monocyte activation that leads to the activation of both T cells and natural killer cells (NK cell), is generated when OAdv-loaded MSCs are cocultured with allogeneic PBMCs. This combination of allogeneic PBMCs and OAdv-loaded MSCs enhances antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, an effect partially mediated by monocytes and NK cells. Altogether our results demonstrate not only the importance of the immune system for the OAdv-loaded MSCs antitumor efficacy, but in particular the benefits of using allogeneic MSCs for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Farrera-Sal
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- VCN Biosciences S.L., Grifols Corporate Offices, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Morales-Molina
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al-Zaher
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, ProCure Program, Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto Catalan de Oncología-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Rovira-Rigau M, Raimondi G, Marín MÁ, Gironella M, Alemany R, Fillat C. Bioselection Reveals miR-99b and miR-485 as Enhancers of Adenoviral Oncolysis in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 27:230-243. [PMID: 30341009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are designed for cancer treatment. Cell-virus interactions are key determinants for successful viral replication. Therefore, the extensive reprogramming of gene expression that occurs in tumor cells might create a hurdle for viral propagation. We used a replication-based approach of a microRNA (miRNA) adenoviral library encoding up to 243 human miRNAs as a bioselection strategy to identify miRNAs that facilitate adenoviral oncolytic activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We identify two miRNAs, miR-99b and miR-485, that function as enhancers of adenoviral oncolysis by improving the intra- and extracellular yield of mature virions. An increased adenoviral activity is the consequence of enhanced E1A and late viral protein expression, which is probably mediated by the downregulation of the transcriptional repressors ELF4, MDM2, and KLF8, which we identify as miR-99b or miR-485 target genes. Arming the oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR15 with miR-99b or miR-485 enhances its fitness and its antitumoral activity. Our results demonstrate the potential of this strategy to improve oncolytic adenovirus potency, and they highlight miR-99b and miR-485 as sensitizers of adenoviral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rovira-Rigau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Marín
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Garcia M, Moreno R, Gil M, Cascallo M, de Olza MO, Cuadra C, Piulat JM, Navarro V, Domenech M, Alemany R, Salazar R. A phase I trial of oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-5 administered intravenously to melanoma patients. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/humc.2018.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Garcia
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Clinical Research Unit, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, ProCure and Oncobell Programs, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Marta Gil
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Medical Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallo
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Medical Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuadra
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Clinical Research Unit, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Piulat
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Medical Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Valentin Navarro
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Clinical Research Unit, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Marta Domenech
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Medical Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, ProCure and Oncobell Programs, L’Hospitalet, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, Department of Medical Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Spain
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32
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Cejalvo T, Perisé-Barrios AJ, del Portillo I, Laborda E, Rodriguez-Milla MA, Cubillo I, Vázquez F, Sardón D, Ramirez M, Alemany R, del Castillo N, García-Castro J. Remission of Spontaneous Canine Tumors after Systemic Cellular Viroimmunotherapy. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4891-4901. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW, Garofalo M, Cerullo V, Pesonen S, Alemany R, Jaderberg M. Antitumor-specific T-cell responses induced by oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-102 (AdV5/3-D24-GM-CSF) in peritoneal mesothelioma mouse model. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1669-1673. [PMID: 29797583 PMCID: PMC6120454 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral immunotherapy activates the innate immune system with subsequent induction of adaptive tumor‐specific immune responses to fight cancer. Hence, oncolytic viruses do not only eradicate cancer cells by direct lysis, but also generate antitumor immune response, allowing for long‐lasting cancer control and tumor reduction. Their therapeutic effect can be further enhanced by arming the oncolytic adenovirus with costimulatory transgenes and/or coadministration with other antitumor therapies. ONCOS‐102 has already been found to be well tolerated and efficacious against some types of treatment‐refractory tumors, including mesothelin‐positive ovarian cancer (NCT01598129). It induced local and systemic CD8+ T‐cell immunity and upregulated programmed death ligand 1. These results strongly advocate the use of ONCOS‐102 in combination with other therapeutic strategies in advanced and refractory tumors, especially those expressing the mesothelin antigen. The in vivo work presented herein describes the ability of the oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS‐102 to induce mesothelin‐specific T‐cells after the administration of the virus in bagg albino (BALB/c) mice with mesothelin‐positive tumors. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the interferon‐γ the enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect the induction of T‐cells recognizing mesothelin, hexon, and E1A antigens in ONCOS‐102‐treated mesothelioma‐bearing BALB/c mice. Thus, the ELISPOT assay could be useful to monitor the progress of therapy with ONCOS‐102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.,Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Pesonen
- Department of Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Martinez E, Gónzalez del Alba A, Asensio V, Carrillo P, Garcías C, Azkárate A, Prada L, Terrasa J, Alemany R, Obrador-Hevia A. PO-326 Impact of miR-205–5 p and miR-425–5 p on Wnt and AR signalling pathways in castration resistant prostate cancertransition. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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35
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Wing A, Fajardo CA, Posey AD, Shaw C, Da T, Young RM, Alemany R, June CH, Guedan S. Improving CART-Cell Therapy of Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Virus-Driven Production of a Bispecific T-cell Engager. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:605-616. [PMID: 29588319 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CART) have shown significant promise in clinical trials to treat hematologic malignancies, but their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited. Oncolytic viruses have the potential to act in synergy with immunotherapies due to their immunogenic oncolytic properties and the opportunity of incorporating therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. Here, we hypothesized that an oncolytic adenovirus armed with an EGFR-targeting, bispecific T-cell engager (OAd-BiTE) would improve the outcome of CART-cell therapy in solid tumors. We report that CART cells targeting the folate receptor alpha (FR-α) successfully infiltrated preestablished xenograft tumors but failed to induce complete responses, presumably due to the presence of antigen-negative cancer cells. We demonstrated that OAd-BiTE-mediated oncolysis significantly improved CART-cell activation and proliferation, while increasing cytokine production and cytotoxicity, and showed an in vitro favorable safety profile compared with EGFR-targeting CARTs. BiTEs secreted from infected cells redirected CART cells toward EGFR in the absence of FR-α, thereby addressing tumor heterogeneity. BiTE secretion also redirected CAR-negative, nonspecific T cells found in CART-cell preparations toward tumor cells. The combinatorial approach improved antitumor efficacy and prolonged survival in mouse models of cancer when compared with the monotherapies, and this was the result of an increased BiTE-mediated T-cell activation in tumors. Overall, these results demonstrated that the combination of a BiTE-expressing oncolytic virus with adoptive CART-cell therapy overcomes key limitations of CART cells and BiTEs as monotherapies in solid tumors and encourage its further evaluation in human trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 605-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wing
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona
| | - Avery D Posey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn Shaw
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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36
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Al-Zaher AA, Moreno R, Fajardo CA, Arias-Badia M, Farrera M, de Sostoa J, Rojas LA, Alemany R. Evidence of Anti-tumoral Efficacy in an Immune Competent Setting with an iRGD-Modified Hyaluronidase-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 8:62-70. [PMID: 29888319 PMCID: PMC5991897 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To enhance adenovirus-mediated oncolysis, different approaches that tackle the selectivity, tumor penetration, and spreading potential of oncolytic adenoviruses have been reported. We have previously demonstrated that insertion of the internalizing Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic (iRGD) tumor-penetrating peptide at the C terminus of the fiber or transgenic expression of a secreted hyaluronidase can improve virus tumor targeting and spreading. Here we report a new oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR17K-iRGD in which both modifications have been incorporated. In xenografted A549 tumors in nude mice, ICOVIR17K-iRGD shows higher efficacy than the non-iRGD counterpart. To gain insights into the role of the immune system in oncolysis, we have studied ICOVIR17K-iRGD in the tumor isograft mouse model CMT64.6, partially permissive to human adenovirus 5 replication, in immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice. Whereas no efficacy was observed in the immunodeficient setting due to insufficient viral replication, partial efficacy and a polymorphonuclear and CD8+ T cell infiltrate were observed in the immunocompetent mice. The results indicate that the elicitation of a virus-induced anti-tumoral immune response is responsible for the observed partial anti-tumoral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdullah Al-Zaher
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Arias-Badia
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Farrera
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Rojas
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Sal MF, Moreno R, de Sostoa Pomés J, Arias-Badia M, Fajardo C, Al-Zaher A, Bazan-Peregrino M, Alemany R. Oncolytic adenovirus expressing tumor neoepitopes as a vaccine. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx711.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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38
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de Sostoa Pomés J, Fajardo C, Sal MF, Moreno R, Arias-Badia M, Rojas L, Alemany R. Arming oncolytic adenovirus with FAP-targeting bispecific T-cell engager to improve antitumor efficacy. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx711.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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39
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Mato-Berciano A, Raimondi G, Maliandi MV, Alemany R, Montoliu L, Fillat C. A NOTCH-sensitive uPAR-regulated oncolytic adenovirus effectively suppresses pancreatic tumor growth and triggers synergistic anticancer effects with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22700-22715. [PMID: 28186974 PMCID: PMC5410256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is an embryonic program that becomes reactivated in pancreatic cancer and contributes to cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. We explored the concept of oncolytic adenoviral activity in response to Notch activation signaling, in the context of a chimeric promoter with uPAR regulatory sequences, as a strategy to drive its activity in neoplastic and CSC. We explored the advantages of a chemo-virotherapy approach based on synergistic combinations. Regulatory sequences recognized by the transcriptional factor CSL upstream a minimal uPAR promoter were engineered in adenoviral vectors and in the oncolytic adenovirus AdNuPARmE1A. Viral response to Notch signaling, and viral potency in cell lines and pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSC) was tested. Preclinical toxicity and antitumor efficacy in xenografts and Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models was evaluated, as unimodal or in combination with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel. Mechanistic studies were conducted to explore the synergism of combined therapies. We demonstrate that CSL-binding site optimized-engineered sequences respond to Notch activation in AdNuPARmLuc and AdNuPARmE1A. AdNuPARmE1A showed strong lytic effects in pancreatic cancer cell lines and PCSC. AdNuPARmE1A displayed attenuated activity in normal tissues, but robust antitumor effects in xenograft and PDX models, leading to a reduced capacity of treated tumors to form tumorspheres. Chemo-virotherapy treatment enlarged therapeutic response in both tumor models. Synergistic effects of the combination resulted from viral sensitization of apoptotic cell death triggered by chemotherapy. In summary we present a novel effective oncolytic adenovirus, AdNuPARmE1A that reduces PCSC and presents synergistic effects with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mato-Berciano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Maliandi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Ullenhag G, Alemany R, Loskog A. Abstract 3662: Activation of CD40 while inhibiting IL6/STAT3 using oncolytic viruses induces mature DCs with high cytokine production but blocks PDL1 expression. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor cells and stroma, including fibroblasts, blood vessels, immune cells and extracellular matrix. The TME supports tumor progression, metastasis as well as resistance to cancer therapeutics. In pancreatic cancer, the TME is dense due to overproduction of collagen and the tumor is infiltrated with suppressive myeloid cells such as M2 macrophages and myeloid suppressor cells. One key regulator of myeloid cells is CD40, a receptor expressed on a variety of cell types. CD40/CD40L signaling results in production of cytokines and chemokines by myeloid cells but also endothelial and epithelial cells to alert the immune system of immediate danger. 4-1BB is expressed by lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Stimulation via 4-1BBL drives lymphocyte expansion and regulates memory formation. IL6 signaling leads to STAT3 phosphorylation in myeloid cells and tumor cells leading to suppressive phenotypes, tumor proliferation, and angiogenesis. Further, STAT3 signaling enhances production of TGFb, which in turn leads to overexpression of collagen. We have constructed a family of oncolytic adenoviruses (LOAd) activating the CD40, 4-1BB and/or inhibiting IL6 signaling. The LOAd viruses (-, 700, 703, 713) were investigated for their capacity to activate human monocyte-derived DCs as well as their effect on pancreatic tumor cells and stroma (fibroblastic stellate cells, endothelial cells) using flow cytometry, MTS assay and ProSeek Proteomics. The LOAd viruses expressing a trimerized CD40L, 4-1BBL and/or a scFv IL6R showed efficient oncolysis of tumor cells but primary stellate cells were unaffected. However, stellate cells reduced tumor-promoting factors such as FGF5, PlGF, amphiregulin, Gal3, TGFb and collagen type I. Dendritic cells increased costimulators, cytokines as well as chemokines but PDL1 was not expressed when IL6/STAT3 was blocked. Infected endothelial cells upregulated receptors important for lymphocyte transmigration (ICAM, VCAM and E-Selectin). Taken together, our data demonstrates that it is possible to utilize oncolytic adenoviruses to spark immune activation at the same time changing biological processes via STAT3 blockade and/or CD40/4-1BB pathway activation to reduce factors that promotes tumor progression.
Citation Format: Emma Eriksson, Ioanna Milenova, Jessica Wenthe, Anna Dimberg, Rafael Moreno, Gustav Ullenhag, Ramon Alemany, Angelica Loskog. Activation of CD40 while inhibiting IL6/STAT3 using oncolytic viruses induces mature DCs with high cytokine production but blocks PDL1 expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3662. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3662
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Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Ståhle M, Leja-Jarblad J, Ullenhag G, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A. Shaping the Tumor Stroma and Sparking Immune Activation by CD40 and 4-1BB Signaling Induced by an Armed Oncolytic Virus. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5846-5857. [PMID: 28536305 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a severe indication with short expected survival despite surgery and/or combination chemotherapeutics. Checkpoint blockade antibodies are approved for several cancer indications, but pancreatic cancer has remained refractory. However, there are clinical data suggesting that stimulation of the CD40 pathway may be of interest for these patients. Oncolytic viruses armed with immunostimulatory genes represent an interesting approach. Herein, we present LOAd703, a designed adenovirus armed with trimerized CD40L and 4-1BBL that activates the CD40 and 4-1BB pathways, respectively. As many cells in the tumor stroma, including stellate cells and the infiltrating immune cells, express CD40 and some 4-1BB, we hypothesize that LOAd703 activates immunity and simultaneously modulates the biology of the tumor stroma.Experimental Design: Tumor, stellate, endothelial, and immune cells were infected by LOAd703 and investigated by flow cytometry, proteomics, and functional analyses.Results: LOAd703-infected pancreatic cell lines were killed by oncolysis, and the virus was more effective than standard-of-care gemcitabine. In in vivo xenograft models, LOAd703 efficiently reduced established tumors and could be combined with gemcitabine for additional effect. Infected stellate and tumor cells reduced factors that promote tumor growth (Spp-1, Gal-3, HGF, TGFβ and collagen type I), while chemokines were increased. Molecules involved in lymphocyte migration were upregulated on infected endothelial cells. Dendritic cells were robustly stimulated by LOAd703 to produce costimulators, cytokines and chemokines, and such DCs potently expanded both antigen-specific T cells and NK cells.Conclusions: LOAd703 is a potent immune activator that modulates the stroma to support antitumor responses. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5846-57. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Milenova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wenthe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ståhle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Justyna Leja-Jarblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Immuneed AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raphael Moreno
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL-Institute Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Lokon Pharma AB, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fajardo CA, Guedan S, Rojas LA, Moreno R, Arias-Badia M, de Sostoa J, June CH, Alemany R. Oncolytic Adenoviral Delivery of an EGFR-Targeting T-cell Engager Improves Antitumor Efficacy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2052-2063. [PMID: 28143835 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral immune responses present a major hurdle to the efficacious use of oncolytic adenoviruses as cancer treatments. Despite the existence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment, adenovirus-infected cells can nonetheless be efficiently cleared by infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without compromising tumor burden. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor-infiltrating T cells could be more effectively activated and redirected by oncolytic adenoviruses that were armed with bispecific T-cell-engager (BiTE) antibodies. The oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-15K was engineered to express an EGFR-targeting BiTE (cBiTE) antibody under the control of the major late promoter, leading to generation of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE, which retained its oncolytic properties in vitro cBiTE expression and secretion was detected in supernatants from ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE-infected cells, and the secreted BiTEs bound specifically to both CD3+ and EGFR+ cells. In cell coculture assays, ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE-mediated oncolysis resulted in robust T-cell activation, proliferation, and bystander cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Notably, intratumoral injection of this cBiTE-expressing adenovirus increased the persistence and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T cells in vivo, compared with the parental virus lacking such effects. Moreover, in two distinct tumor xenograft models, combined delivery of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cells enhanced the antitumor efficacy achieved by the parental counterpart. Overall, our results show how arming oncolytic adenoviruses with BiTE can overcome key limitations in oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2052-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luis Alfonso Rojas
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marcel Arias-Badia
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Ager C, Reilley M, Nicholas C, Bartkowiak T, Jaiswal A, Curran M, Albershardt TC, Bajaj A, Archer JF, Reeves RS, Ngo LY, Berglund P, ter Meulen J, Denis C, Ghadially H, Arnoux T, Chanuc F, Fuseri N, Wilkinson RW, Wagtmann N, Morel Y, Andre P, Atkins MB, Carlino MS, Ribas A, Thompson JA, Choueiri TK, Hodi FS, Hwu WJ, McDermott DF, Atkinson V, Cebon JS, Fitzharris B, Jameson MB, McNeil C, Hill AG, Mangin E, Ahamadi M, van Vugt M, van Zutphen M, Ibrahim N, Long GV, Gartrell R, Blake Z, Simoes I, Fu Y, Saito T, Qian Y, Lu Y, Saenger YM, Budhu S, De Henau O, Zappasodi R, Schlunegger K, Freimark B, Hutchins J, Barker CA, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Burova E, Allbritton O, Hong P, Dai J, Pei J, Liu M, Kantrowitz J, Lai V, Poueymirou W, MacDonald D, Ioffe E, Mohrs M, Olson W, Thurston G, Capasso C, Frascaro F, Carpi S, Tähtinen S, Feola S, Fusciello M, Peltonen K, Martins B, Sjöberg M, Pesonen S, Ranki T, Kyruk L, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Cerignoli F, Xi B, Guenther G, Yu N, Muir L, Zhao L, Abassi Y, Cervera-Carrascón V, Siurala M, Santos J, Havunen R, Parviainen S, Hemminki A, Alemany R, Loskog A, Jhawar S, Goyal S, Bommareddy PK, Paneque T, Kaufman HL, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Silk A, Dalgleish A, Mehnert J, Gabrail N, Bryan J, Medina D, Bommareddy PK, Shafren D, Grose M, Zloza A, Mitchell L, Yagiz K, Mudan S, Lopez F, Mendoza D, Munday A, Gruber H, Jolly D, Fuhrmann S, Radoja S, Tan W, Pourchet A, Frey A, DeBenedette M, Mohr I, Mulvey M, Ranki T, Pesonen S, Capasso C, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Andtbacka RHI, Ross M, Agarwala S, Plachco A, Grossmann K, Taylor M, Vetto J, Neves R, Daud A, Khong H, Meek SM, Ungerleider R, Welden S, Tanaka M, Gamble A, Williams M, Andtbacka RHI, Curti B, Hallmeyer S, Fox B, Feng Z, Paustian C, Bifulco C, Grose M, Shafren D, Grogan EW, Zafar S, Parviainen S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Vassilev L, Wang H, Lieber A, Krisko J, Hemmi S, de Gruijl T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A, Ansari T, Sundararaman S, Roen D, Lehmann P, Bloom AC, Bender LH, Tcherepanova I, Walters IB, Terabe M, Berzofsky JA, Chapelin F, Okada H, Ahrens ET, DeFalco J, Harbell M, Manning-Bog A, Scholz A, Nicolette C, Zhang D, Baia G, Tan YC, Sokolove J, Kim D, Williamson K, Chen X, Colrain J, Santo GE, Nguyen N, Dhupkar P, Volkmuth W, Greenberg N, Robinson W, Emerling D, Drake CG, Petrylak DP, Antonarakis ES, Kibel AS, Chang NN, Vu T, Yu L, Campogan D, Haynes H, Trager JB, Sheikh NA, Quinn DI, Kirk P, Addepalli M, Chang T, Zhang P, Konakova M, Kleinerman ES, Hagihara K, Pai S, VanderVeen L, Obalapur P, Kuo P, Quach P, Fong L, Charych DH, Zalevsky J, Langowski JL, Gordon N, Addepalli M, Kirksey Y, Nutakki R, Kolarkar S, Pena R, Hoch U, Zalevsky J, Doberstein SK, Charych DH, Cha J, Grenga I, Mallon Z, Perez M, McDaniel A, Anand S, Uecker D, Nuccitelli R, McDaniel A, Anand S, Cha J, Uecker D, Lepone L, Nuccitelli R, Obermajer N, Urban J, Wieckowski E, Muthuswamy R, Ravindranathan R, Bartlett D, Kalinski P, Renrick AN, Thounaojam M, Gameiro S, Thomas P, Pellom S, Shanker A, Pellom S, Thounaojam M, Dudimah D, Brooks A, Sayers TJ, Shanker A, Su YL, Knudson KM, Adamus T, Zhang Q, Nechaev S, Kortylewski M, Wei S, Allison J, Anderson C, Tang C, Schoenhals J, Tsouko E, Fantini M, Heymach J, de Groot P, Chang J, Hess KR, Diab A, Sharma P, Allison J, Naing A, Hong D, Welsh J, Tsang K, Albershardt TC, Parsons AJ, Leleux J, Reeves RS, ter Meulen J, Berglund P, Ascarateil S, Koziol ME, Penny SA, Malaker SA, Hodge J, Steadman L, Myers PT, Bai D, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Cobbold M, Dai P, Wang W, Yang N, Shuman S, Donahue R, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Deng L, Dillon P, Petroni G, Brenin D, Bullock K, Olson W, Smolkin ME, Smith K, Schlom J, Nail C, Slingluff CL, Sharma M, Fa’ak F, Janssen L, Khong H, Xiao Z, Hailemichael Y, Singh M, Vianden C, Evans E, Diab A, Zalevsky J, Hoch U, Overwijk WW, Facciabene A, Stefano P, Chongyung F, Rafail S, Hailemichael Y, Nielsen M, Bussler H, Fa’ak F, Vanderslice P, Woodside DG, Market RV, Biediger RJ, Marathi UK, Overwijk WW, Hollevoet K, Geukens N, Declerck P, Mallow C, Joly N, McIntosh L, Paramithiotis E, Rizell M, Sternby M, Andersson B, Karlsson-Parra A, Kuai R, Ochyl L, Schwendeman A, Reilly C, Moon J, Deng W, Hudson TE, Lemmens EE, Hanson B, Rae CS, Burrill J, Skoble J, Katibah G, Murphy AL, Torno S, deVries M, Brockstedt DG, Leong ML, Lauer P, Dubensky TW, Whiting CC, Chen X, Hu Y, Xia Y, Zhou L, Scrivens M, Bao Y, Huang S, Ren X, Hurt E, Hollingsworth RE, Chang AE, Wicha MS, Li Q, Aggarwal C, Mangrolia D, Foster C, Cohen R, Weinstein G, Morrow M, Bauml J, Kraynyak K, Boyer J, Yan J, Lee J, Humeau L, Oyola S, Howell A, Duff S, Weiner D, Yang Z, Bagarazzi M, McNeel DG, Eickhoff J, Jeraj R, Staab MJ, Straus J, Rekoske B, Balch L, Liu G, Melssen M, Petroni G, Grosh W, Varhegyi N, Bullock K, Smolkin ME, Smith K, Galeassi N, Deacon DH, Knapp A, Gaughan E, Slingluff CL, Ghisoli M, Barve M, Mennel R, Wallraven G, Manning L, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J, Ogasawara M, Leonard JE, Ota S, Peace KM, Hale DF, Vreeland TJ, Jackson DO, Berry JS, Trappey AF, Herbert GS, Clifton GT, Hardin MO, Paris M, Toms A, Qiao N, Litton J, Peoples GE, Mittendorf EA, Ghamsari L, Flano E, Jacques J, Liu B, Havel J, Fisher T, Makarov V, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Hellmann MD, Chan TA, Flechtner JB, Stefano P, Facciabene A, Facciponte J, Ugel S, Hu-Lieskovan S, De Sanctis F, Coukos G, Paris S, Pottier A, Levy L, Lu B, Cappuccini F, Pollock E, Bryant R, Hamdy F, Ribas A, Hill A, Redchenko I, Sultan H, Kumai T, Fesenkova V, Celis E, Tsang K, Fantini M, Fernando I, Palena C, Smith E, David JM, Hodge J, Gabitzsch E, Jones F, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Herranz MU, Rafail S, Ugel S, Facciponte J, Zauderer M, Stefano P, Facciabene A, Wada H, Shimizu A, Osada T, Fukaya S, Sasaki E, Abolhalaj M, Askmyr D, Lundberg K, Fogler W, Albrekt AS, Greiff L, Lindstedt M, Flies DB, Higuchi T, Ornatowski W, Harris J, Adams SF, Aguilera T, Rafat M, Franklin M, Castellini L, Shehade H, Kariolis M, Jang D, vonEbyen R, Graves E, Ellies L, Rankin E, Koong A, Giaccia A, Thayer M, Ajina R, Wang S, Smith J, Pierobon M, Jablonski S, Petricoin E, Weiner LM, Sherry L, Waller J, Anderson M, Saims D, Bigley A, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Tannir NM, Kluger H, Tetzlaff M, Jackson N, Gergel I, Tagliaferri M, Zalevsky J, Magnani JL, Hoch U, Hwu P, Snzol M, Hurwitz M, Diab A, Barberi T, Martin A, Suresh R, Barakat D, Harris-Bookman S, Gong J, Drake C, Friedman A, Berkey S, Downs-Canner S, Delgoffe GM, Edwards RP, Curiel T, Odunsi K, Bartlett D, Obermajer N, Gray M, Bruno TC, Moore B, Squalls O, Ebner P, Waugh K, Mitchell J, Franklin W, Merrick D, McCarter M, Palmer B, Hutchins J, Kern J, Vignali D, Slansky J, Chan ASH, Qiu X, Fraser K, Jonas A, Ottoson N, Gordon K, Kangas TO, Freimark B, Leonardo S, Ertelt K, Walsh R, Uhlik M, Graff J, Bose N, Gupta R, Mandloi N, Paul K, Patil A, Fromm G, Sathian R, Mohan A, Manoharan M, Chaudhuri A, Chen Y, Lin J, Ye YB, Xu CW, Chen G, Guo ZQ, de Silva S, Komarov A, Chenchik A, Makhanov M, Frangou C, Zheng Y, Coltharp C, Unfricht D, Dilworth R, Fridman L, Liu L, Giffin L, Rajopadhye M, Miller P, Concha-Benavente F, Bauman J, Trivedi S, Srivastava R, Ohr J, Heron D, Duvvuri U, Kim S, Xu X, Gooding W, Ferris RL, Torrey H, Mera T, Okubo Y, Vanamee E, Foster R, Faustman D, Gartrell R, Stack E, Rose J, Lu Y, Izaki D, Beck K, Jia DT, Armenta P, White-Stern A, Fu Y, Blake Z, Marks D, Kaufman HL, Schreiber TH, Taback B, Horst B, Saenger YM, Glickman LH, Kanne DB, Gauthier KS, Desbien AL, Francica B, Katibah G, Corrales LP, Fantini M, Leong JL, Sung L, Metchette K, Kasibhatla S, Pferdekamper AM, Zheng L, Cho C, Feng Y, McKenna JM, Tallarico J, Gameiro SR, Bender S, Ndubaku C, McWhirter SM, Drake CG, Gajewski TF, Dubensky TW, Gugel EG, Bell CJM, Munk A, Muniz L, Knudson KM, Bhardwaj N, Zhao F, Evans K, Xiao C, Holtzhausen A, Hanks BA, Scholler N, Yin C, Van der Meijs P, Prantner AM, Clavijo PE, Krejsa CM, Smith L, Johnson B, Branstetter D, Stein PL, Jaen JC, Tan JBL, Chen A, Chen Y, Park T, Allen CT, Powers JP, Sexton H, Xu G, Young SW, Schindler U, Deng W, Klinke DJ, Komar HM, Mace T, Serpa G, Donahue R, Elnaggar O, Conwell D, Hart P, Schmidt C, Dillhoff M, Jin M, Ostrowski MC, Lesinski GB, Koti M, Au K, Lepone L, Peterson N, Truesdell P, Reid-Schachter G, Graham C, Craig A, Francis JA, Kotlan B, Balatoni T, Farkas E, Toth L, Grenga I, Ujhelyi M, Savolt A, Doleschall Z, Horvath S, Eles K, Olasz J, Csuka O, Kasler M, Liszkay G, Barnea E, Hodge JW, Kumar S, Tsujikawa T, Blakely C, Flynn P, Goodman R, Bueno R, Sugarbaker D, Jablons D, Broaddus VC, West B, Tsang KY, Coussens LM, Kunk PR, Obeid JM, Winters K, Pramoonjago P, Smolkin ME, Stelow EB, Bauer TW, Slingluff CL, Rahma OE, Schlom J, Lamble A, Kosaka Y, Huang F, Saser KA, Adams H, Tognon CE, Laderas T, McWeeney S, Loriaux M, Tyner JW, Gray M, Druker BJ, Lind EF, Liu Z, Lu S, Kane LP, Ferris RL, Liu Z, Shayan G, Lu S, Ferris RL, Gong J, Femel J, Tsujikawa T, Lane R, Booth J, Lund AW, Melssen M, Rodriguez A, Slingluff CL, Engelhard VH, Metelli A, Hutchins J, Wu BX, Fugle CW, Saleh R, Sun S, Wu J, Liu B, Li Z, Morris ZS, Guy EI, Heinze C, Freimark B, Kler J, Gressett MM, Werner LR, Gillies SD, Korman AJ, Loibner H, Hank JA, Rakhmilevich AL, Harari PM, Sondel PM, Grogan J, Newman J, Zloza A, Huelsmann E, Broucek J, Kaufman HL, Brech D, Straub T, Irmler M, Beckers J, Buettner F, Manieri N, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Noessner E, Anand S, McDaniel A, Cha J, Uecker D, Nuccitelli R, Ordentlich P, Wolfreys A, Chiang E, Da Costa A, Silva J, Crosby A, Staelens L, Craggs G, Cauvin A, Mason S, Paterson AM, Lake AC, Armet CM, Caplazi P, O’Connor RW, Hill JA, Normant E, Adam A, Biniszkiewicz DM, Chappel SC, Palombella VJ, Holland PM, Powers JP, Becker A, Yadav M, Chen A, Leleti MR, Newcomb E, Sexton H, Schindler U, Tan JBL, Young SW, Jaen JC, Rapisuwon S, Radfar A, Hagner P, Gardner K, Gibney G, Atkins M, Rennier KR, Crowder R, Wang P, Pachynski RK, Carrero RMS, Rivas S, Beceren-Braun F, Chiu H, Anthony S, Schluns KS, Sawant D, Chikina M, Yano H, Workman C, Vignali D, Salerno E, Bedognetti D, Mauldin I, Waldman M, Deacon D, Shea S, Pinczewski J, Obeid JM, Coukos G, Wang E, Gajewski T, Marincola FM, Slingluff CL, Spranger S, Klippel A, Horton B, Gajewski TF, Suzuki A, Leland P, Joshi BH, Puri RK, Sweis RF, Bao R, Luke J, Gajewski TF, Thakurta A, Theodoraki MN, Mogundo FM, Edwards RP, Kalinski P, Won H, Moreira D, Gao C, Zhao X, Duttagupta P, Jones J, Pourdehnad M, D’Apuzzo M, Pal S, Kortylewski M, Gandhi A, Henrich I, Quick L, Young R, Chou M, Hotson A, Willingham S, Ho P, Choy C, Laport G, McCaffery I, Miller R, Tipton KA, Wong KR, Singson V, Wong C, Chan C, Huang Y, Liu S, Richardson JH, Kavanaugh WM, West J, Irving BA, Tipton KA, Wong KR, Singson V, Wong C, Chan C, Huang Y, Liu S, Richardson JH, Kavanaugh WM, West J, Irving BA, Jaini R, Loya M, Eng C, Johnson ML, Adjei AA, Opyrchal M, Ramalingam S, Janne PA, Dominguez G, Gabrilovich D, de Leon L, Hasapidis J, Diede SJ, Ordentlich P, Cruickshank S, Meyers ML, Hellmann MD, Kalinski P, Zureikat A, Edwards R, Muthuswamy R, Obermajer N, Urban J, Butterfield LH, Gooding W, Zeh H, Bartlett D, Zubkova O, Agapova L, Kapralova M, Krasovskaia L, Ovsepyan A, Lykov M, Eremeev A, Bokovanov V, Grigoryeva O, Karpov A, Ruchko S, Nicolette C, Shuster A, Khalil DN, Campesato LF, Li Y, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Lazorchak AS, Patterson TD, Ding Y, Sasikumar P, Sudarshan N, Gowda N, Ramachandra R, Samiulla D, Giri S, Eswarappa R, Ramachandra M, Tuck D, Wyant T, Leshem J, Liu XF, Bera T, Terabe M, Bossenmaier B, Niederfellner G, Reiter Y, Pastan I, Xia L, Xia Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Bao Y, Dai F, Huang S, Hurt E, Hollingsworth RE, Lum LG, Chang AE, Wicha MS, Li Q, Mace T, Makhijani N, Talbert E, Young G, Guttridge D, Conwell D, Lesinski GB, Gonzales RJMM, Huffman AP, Wang XK, Reshef R, MacKinnon A, Chen J, Gross M, Marguier G, Shwonek P, Sotirovska N, Steggerda S, Parlati F, Makkouk A, Bennett MK, Chen J, Emberley E, Gross M, Huang T, Li W, MacKinnon A, Marguier G, Neou S, Pan A, Zhang J, Zhang W, Parlati F, Marshall N, Marron TU, Agudo J, Brown B, Brody J, McQuinn C, Mace T, Farren M, Komar H, Shakya R, Young G, Ludwug T, Lesinski GB, Morillon YM, Hammond SA, Schlom J, Greiner JW, Nath PR, Schwartz AL, Maric D, Roberts DD, Obermajer N, Bartlett D, Kalinski P, Naing A, Papadopoulos KP, Autio KA, Wong DJ, Patel M, Falchook G, Pant S, Ott PA, Whiteside M, Patnaik A, Mumm J, Janku F, Chan I, Bauer T, Colen R, VanVlasselaer P, Brown GL, Tannir NM, Oft M, Infante J, Lipson E, Gopal A, Neelapu SS, Armand P, Spurgeon S, Leonard JP, Hodi FS, Sanborn RE, Melero I, Gajewski TF, Maurer M, Perna S, Gutierrez AA, Clynes R, Mitra P, Suryawanshi S, Gladstone D, Callahan MK, Crooks J, Brown S, Gauthier A, de Boisferon MH, MacDonald A, Brunet LR, Rothwell WT, Bell P, Wilson JM, Sato-Kaneko F, Yao S, Zhang SS, Carson DA, Guiducci C, Coffman RL, Kitaura K, Matsutani T, Suzuki R, Hayashi T, Cohen EEW, Schaer D, Li Y, Dobkin J, Amatulli M, Hall G, Doman T, Manro J, Dorsey FC, Sams L, Holmgaard R, Persaud K, Ludwig D, Surguladze D, Kauh JS, Novosiadly R, Kalos M, Driscoll K, Pandha H, Ralph C, Harrington K, Curti B, Sanborn RE, Akerley W, Gupta S, Melcher A, Mansfield D, Kaufman DR, Schmidt E, Grose M, Davies B, Karpathy R, Shafren D, Shamalov K, Cohen C, Sharma N, Allison J, Shekarian T, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Caux C, Marabelle A, Slomovitz BM, Moore KM, Youssoufian H, Posner M, Tewary P, Brooks AD, Xu YM, Wijeratne K, Gunatilaka LAA, Sayers TJ, Vasilakos JP, Alston T, Dovedi S, Elvecrog J, Grigsby I, Herbst R, Johnson K, Moeckly C, Mullins S, Siebenaler K, SternJohn J, Tilahun A, Tomai MA, Vogel K, Wilkinson RW, Vietsch EE, Wellstein A, Wythes M, Crosignani S, Tumang J, Alekar S, Bingham P, Cauwenberghs S, Chaplin J, Dalvie D, Denies S, De Maeseneire C, Feng J, Frederix K, Greasley S, Guo J, Hardwick J, Kaiser S, Jessen K, Kindt E, Letellier MC, Li W, Maegley K, Marillier R, Miller N, Murray B, Pirson R, Preillon J, Rabolli V, Ray C, Ryan K, Scales S, Srirangam J, Solowiej J, Stewart A, Streiner N, Torti V, Tsaparikos K, Zheng X, Driessens G, Gomes B, Kraus M, Xu C, Zhang Y, Kradjian G, Qin G, Qi J, Xu X, Marelli B, Yu H, Guzman W, Tighe R, Salazar R, Lo KM, English J, Radvanyi L, Lan Y, Zappasodi R, Budhu S, Hellmann MD, Postow M, Senbabaoglu Y, Gasmi B, Zhong H, Li Y, Liu C, Hirschhorhn-Cymerman D, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Zha Y, Malnassy G, Fulton N, Park JH, Stock W, Nakamura Y, Gajewski TF, Liu H, Ju X, Kosoff R, Ramos K, Coder B, Petit R, Princiotta M, Perry K, Zou J, Arina A, Fernandez C, Zheng W, Beckett MA, Mauceri HJ, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR, DeBenedette M, Lewis W, Gamble A, Nicolette C, Han Y, Wu Y, Yang C, Huang J, Wu D, Li J, Liang X, Zhou X, Hou J, Hassan R, Jahan T, Antonia SJ, Kindler HL, Alley EW, Honarmand S, Liu W, Leong ML, Whiting CC, Nair N, Enstrom A, Lemmens EE, Tsujikawa T, Kumar S, Coussens LM, Murphy AL, Brockstedt DG, Koch SD, Sebastian M, Weiss C, Früh M, Pless M, Cathomas R, Hilbe W, Pall G, Wehler T, Alt J, Bischoff H, Geissler M, Griesinger F, Kollmeier J, Papachristofilou A, Doener F, Fotin-Mleczek M, Hipp M, Hong HS, Kallen KJ, Klinkhardt U, Stosnach C, Scheel B, Schroeder A, Seibel T, Gnad-Vogt U, Zippelius A, Park HR, Ahn YO, Kim TM, Kim S, Kim S, Lee YS, Keam B, Kim DW, Heo DS, Pilon-Thomas S, Weber A, Morse J, Kodumudi K, Liu H, Mullinax J, Sarnaik AA, Pike L, Bang A, Ott PA, Balboni T, Taylor A, Spektor A, Wilhite T, Krishnan M, Cagney D, Alexander B, Aizer A, Buchbinder E, Awad M, Ghandi L, Hodi FS, Schoenfeld J, Schwartz AL, Nath PR, Lessey-Morillon E, Ridnour L, Roberts DD, Segal NH, Sharma M, Le DT, Ott PA, Ferris RL, Zelenetz AD, Neelapu SS, Levy R, Lossos IS, Jacobson C, Ramchandren R, Godwin J, Colevas AD, Meier R, Krishnan S, Gu X, Neely J, Suryawanshi S, Timmerman J, Vanpouille-Box CI, Formenti SC, Demaria S, Wennerberg E, Mediero A, Cronstein BN, Formenti SC, Demaria S, Gustafson MP, DiCostanzo A, Wheatley C, Kim CH, Bornschlegl S, Gastineau DA, Johnson BD, Dietz AB, MacDonald C, Bucsek M, Qiao G, Hylander B, Repasky E, Turbitt WJ, Xu Y, Mastro A, Rogers CJ, Withers S, Wang Z, Khuat LT, Dunai C, Blazar BR, Longo D, Rebhun R, Grossenbacher SK, Monjazeb A, Murphy WJ, Rowlinson S, Agnello G, Alters S, Lowe D, Scharping N, Menk AV, Whetstone R, Zeng X, Delgoffe GM, Santos PM, Menk AV, Shi J, Delgoffe GM, Butterfield LH, Whetstone R, Menk AV, Scharping N, Delgoffe G, Nagasaka M, Sukari A, Byrne-Steele M, Pan W, Hou X, Brown B, Eisenhower M, Han J, Collins N, Manguso R, Pope H, Shrestha Y, Boehm J, Haining WN, Cron KR, Sivan A, Aquino-Michaels K, Gajewski TF, Orecchioni M, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx W, Fuoco C, Spada F, Sgarrella F, Cesareni G, Marincola F, Kostarelos K, Bianco A, Delogu L, Hendrickx W, Roelands J, Boughorbel S, Decock J, Presnell S, Wang E, Marincola FM, Kuppen P, Ceccarelli M, Rinchai D, Chaussabel D, Miller L, Bedognetti D, Nguyen A, Sanborn JZ, Vaske C, Rabizadeh S, Niazi K, Benz S, Patel S, Restifo N, White J, Angiuoli S, Sausen M, Jones S, Sevdali M, Simmons J, Velculescu V, Diaz L, Zhang T, Sims JS, Barton SM, Gartrell R, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A, Dela Cruz F, Turk AT, Lu Y, Mazzeo CF, Kung AL, Bruce JN, Saenger YM, Yamashiro DJ, Connolly EP, Baird J, Crittenden M, Friedman D, Xiao H, Leidner R, Bell B, Young K, Gough M, Bian Z, Kidder K, Liu Y, Curran E, Chen X, Corrales LP, Kline J, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Khuat LT, Murphy WJ, Guerriero J, Sotayo A, Ponichtera H, Pourzia A, Schad S, Carrasco R, Lazo S, Bronson R, Letai A, Kornbluth RS, Gupta S, Termini J, Guirado E, Stone GW, Meyer C, Helming L, Tumang J, Wilson N, Hofmeister R, Radvanyi L, Neubert NJ, Tillé L, Barras D, Soneson C, Baumgaertner P, Rimoldi D, Gfeller D, Delorenzi M, Fuertes Marraco SA, Speiser DE, Abraham TS, Xiang B, Magee MS, Waldman SA, Snook AE, Blogowski W, Zuba-Surma E, Budkowska M, Salata D, Dolegowska B, Starzynska T, Chan L, Somanchi S, McCulley K, Lee D, Buettner N, Shi F, Myers PT, Curbishley S, Penny SA, Steadman L, Millar D, Speers E, Ruth N, Wong G, Thimme R, Adams D, Cobbold M, Thomas R, Hendrickx W, Al-Muftah M, Decock J, Wong MKK, Morse M, McDermott DF, Clark JI, Kaufman HL, Daniels GA, Hua H, Rao T, Dutcher JP, Kang K, Saunthararajah Y, Velcheti V, Kumar V, Anwar F, Verma A, Chheda Z, Kohanbash G, Sidney J, Okada K, Shrivastav S, Carrera DA, Liu S, Jahan N, Mueller S, Pollack IF, Carcaboso AM, Sette A, Hou Y, Okada H, Field JJ, Zeng W, Shih VFS, Law CL, Senter PD, Gardai SJ, Okeley NM, Penny SA, Abelin JG, Saeed AZ, Malaker SA, Myers PT, Shabanowitz J, Ward ST, Hunt DF, Cobbold M, Profusek P, Wood L, Shepard D, Grivas P, Kapp K, Volz B, Oswald D, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Sefrin JP, Hillringhaus L, Lifke V, Lifke A, Skaletskaya A, Ponte J, Chittenden T, Setiady Y, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Sivado E, Thomas V, El Alaoui M, Papot S, Dumontet C, Dyson M, McCafferty J, El Alaoui S, Verma A, Kumar V, Bommareddy PK, Kaufman HL, Zloza A, Kohlhapp F, Silk AW, Jhawar S, Paneque T, Bommareddy PK, Kohlhapp F, Newman J, Beltran P, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Cao F, Hong BX, Rodriguez-Cruz T, Song XT, Gottschalk S, Calderon H, Illingworth S, Brown A, Fisher K, Seymour L, Champion B, Eriksson E, Wenthe J, Hellström AC, Paul-Wetterberg G, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Ståhle M, Jarblad-Leja J, Ullenhag G, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5123381 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rojas LA, Moreno R, Calderón H, Alemany R. Adenovirus coxsackie adenovirus receptor-mediated binding to human erythrocytes does not preclude systemic transduction. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:411-414. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rojas LA, Condezo GN, Moreno R, Fajardo CA, Arias-Badia M, San Martín C, Alemany R. Albumin-binding adenoviruses circumvent pre-existing neutralizing antibodies upon systemic delivery. J Control Release 2016; 237:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R, Alemany R. Abstract 1474: A novel oncolytic adenovirus expressing tumor microenvironment modulators that activates myeloid cells, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming a cornerstone in cancer treatment of many indications. So far, pancreatic cancer has shown little response to so called checkpoint blockade antibodies. However, animal data suggests that activating immunotherapies releases the effect of checkpoint blockade also in pancreatic cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TEM) supports the growth of the tumor cells and consists of stroma cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels and immune cells. In some tumor lesions, such as those in pancreatic cancer, the TEM is dense and comprises most of the lesion. The TEM regulates immune activity via its high content of M2 macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells. Further, the dysfunctional blood vessels in lesions are not optimal for recruiting lymphocytes. With these aspects in mind, LOAd703 was developed. LOAd703 is an oncolytic adenovirus carrying TEM modulators.
LOAd703 was constructed from the ICOVIR system of oncolytic adenoviruses in which replication depends on a dysfunctional, hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma pathway. The genome was further altered by removing E3-6.7K and gp19K, changing the serotype 5 fiber to a serotype 35 fiber to target CD46 expressed by most tumors, as well as by adding a CMV-driven transgene cassette with the human transgenes for TMZ-CD40L and 4-1BBL. Hence, the transgenes will be expressed in both tumor and stroma while oncolysis is initiated in the tumor cells. We demonstrate herein that LOAd703 infection of a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines efficiently induced tumor cell death within 48-72 hrs post infection while LOAd703 infection of dendritic cells demonstrated an increased maturation of myeloid cells including dendritic cells (DCs). These DCs could in turn potently activate and promote expansion of both T- and NK cells. Further, LOAd703 infection of endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced upregulation of molecules involved in lymphocyte attachment, rolling and transmigration. In conclusion, LOAd703 is a novel oncolytic virus that targets both the tumor and its TME and a clinical trial is underway to elucidate its effect in pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Angelica Loskog, Emma Eriksson, Ioanna Milenova, Rafael Moreno, Ramon Alemany. A novel oncolytic adenovirus expressing tumor microenvironment modulators that activates myeloid cells, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1474.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Moreno
- 2IDIBELL-Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- 2IDIBELL-Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A. 516. A Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Tumor Microenvironment Stimulators to Evoke and Facilitate Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Piulachs X, Alemany R, Guillen M. Joint Modelling of Survival and Emergency Medical Care Usage in Spanish Insureds Aged 65+. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153234. [PMID: 27073868 PMCID: PMC4830517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We study the longevity and medical resource usage of a large sample of insureds aged 65 years or older drawn from a large health insurance dataset. Yearly counts of each subject's emergency room and ambulance service use and hospital admissions are made. Occurrence of mortality is also monitored. The study aims to capture the simultaneous dependence between their demand for healthcare and survival. METHODS We demonstrate the benefits of taking a joint approach to modelling longitudinal and survival processes by using a large dataset from a Spanish medical mutual company. This contains historical insurance information for 39,137 policyholders aged 65+ (39.5% men and 60.5% women) across the eight-year window of the study. The joint model proposed incorporates information on longitudinal demand for care in a weighted cumulative effect that places greater emphasis on more recent than on past service demand. RESULTS A strong significant and positive relationship between the exponentially weighted demand for emergency, ambulance and hospital services is found with risk of death (alpha = 1.462, p < 0.001). Alternative weighting specifications are tested, but in all cases they show that a joint approach indicates a close connection between health care demand and time-to-death. Additionally, the model allows us to predict individual survival curves dynamically as new information on demand for services becomes known. CONCLUSIONS The joint model fitted demonstrates the utility of analysing demand for medical services and survival simultaneously. Likewise, it allows the personalized prediction of survival in advanced age subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Piulachs
- Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Guillen
- Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Alemany
- 1 Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- 2 Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Sancho
- 3 Institute for Molecular Biology & Genetics, IBGM, University of Valladolid & CSIC , Valladolid, Spain
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Svensson E, Moreno R, Milenova I, Christiansson L, Alemany R, Loskog A. Abstract A25: Immunotherapy using LOAd700 armed with CD40 ligand controls experimental pancreatic cancer and activates immune responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm14-a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LOAd immunotherapy to treat pancreatic cancer in a xenograft model as well as to determine the capacity of LOAds to stimulate the immune system in in vitro models. LOAd viruses are oncolytic adenoviruses (5/35) armed with immunostimulatory genes in order to shift the tumor milieu towards immune activation at the same time providing release and spread of tumor antigens due to oncolysis. In this manner, LOAd virus is an antigen-independent immunotherapy for various solid tumors.
LOAd armed with CD40 ligand (LOAd700) was constructed from the ICOVIR system by changing the virus shaft and knob to that of serotype 35 to broaden virus binding and entry into cells (pending patent EP14163704). Oncolysis in OCOVIRs is restricted to cells with a disrupted Rb pathway. Viruses were produced using A549 cells. The pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC3, Panc01, MiaPaCa2 and PaCa3 were used for in vitro evaluation and Panc01 was used in the xenograft model in Nu/Nu mice. Human dendritic cells (DCs) were obtained by differentiation of CD14+ monocytes with GM-CSF and IL4 for 7 days.
LOAd viruses infected both the panel of pancreatic tumor cell lines and human DCs with high efficacy and both the cell lines and the DCs expressed the CMV driven transgene/s post transduction. The oncolytic LOAd virus did not kill DCs nor healthy pancreatic cells present in donor islet cell isolation surplus material. In contrast, oncolysis was restricted to the tumor cell lines. The LOAd-transduced DCs increased markers of maturation such as MHC II, CD86, CD70 and CD83 and produced high levels of IL12. LOAd stimulated DCs were able to activate and expand antigen-specific T cells and NK cells as demonstrated in a CMV in vitro system. LOAd viruses could control tumor growth in a xenograft immunodeficient model due to oncolysis alone.
In conclusion, LOAd700 can kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and control growing tumor in mice due to oncolysis alone. Further, upon DC transduction, LOAd viruses mature DCs to efficient antigen presenters and stimulators of Th1 effector cells such as T cells and NK cells. LOAd is an interesting new immunotherapy for solid malignancies including pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Emma Svensson, Rafael Moreno, Ioanna Milenova, Lisa Christiansson, Ramon Alemany, Angelica Loskog. Immunotherapy using LOAd700 armed with CD40 ligand controls experimental pancreatic cancer and activates immune responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
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