1
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Kovalová A, Prouza V, Zavřel M, Hájek M, Dzijak R, Magdolenová A, Pohl R, Voburka Z, Parkan K, Vrabel M. Selection of Galectin-Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries. Chempluschem 2023:e202300567. [PMID: 37942669 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin-binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin-binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Prouza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zavřel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Magdolenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Šlachtová V, Bellová S, La-Venia A, Galeta J, Dračínský M, Chalupský K, Dvořáková A, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Rukovanský P, Dzijak R, Vrabel M. Triazinium Ligation: Bioorthogonal Reaction of N1-Alkyl 1,2,4-Triazinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306828. [PMID: 37436086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of reagents that can selectively react in complex biological media is an important challenge. Here we show that N1-alkylation of 1,2,4-triazines yields the corresponding triazinium salts, which are three orders of magnitude more reactive in reactions with strained alkynes than the parent 1,2,4-triazines. This powerful bioorthogonal ligation enables efficient modification of peptides and proteins. The positively charged N1-alkyl triazinium salts exhibit favorable cell permeability, which makes them superior for intracellular fluorescent labeling applications when compared to analogous 1,2,4,5-tetrazines. Due to their high reactivity, stability, synthetic accessibility and improved water solubility, the new ionic heterodienes represent a valuable addition to the repertoire of existing modern bioorthogonal reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šlachtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Bellová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agustina La-Venia
- Current address: Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rukovanský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Kugler M, Hadzima M, Dzijak R, Rampmaier R, Srb P, Vrzal L, Voburka Z, Majer P, Řezáčová P, Vrabel M. Identification of specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors via in situ click chemistry, phage-display and synthetic peptide libraries: comparison of the methods and structural study. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:144-153. [PMID: 36760748 PMCID: PMC9890587 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of highly active and selective enzyme inhibitors is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Typically, various high-throughput screening methods are used to find lead compounds from a large pool of synthetic compounds, and these are further elaborated and structurally refined to achieve the desired properties. In an effort to streamline this complex and laborious process, new selection strategies based on different principles have recently emerged as an alternative. Herein, we compare three such selection strategies with the aim of identifying potent and selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II. All three approaches, in situ click chemistry, phage-display libraries and synthetic peptide libraries, led to the identification of more potent inhibitors when compared to the parent compounds. In addition, one of the inhibitor-peptide conjugates identified from the phage libraries showed greater than 100-fold selectivity for the enzyme isoform used for the compound selection. In an effort to rationalize the binding properties of the conjugates, we performed detailed crystallographic and NMR structural analysis, which revealed the structural basis of the compound affinity towards the enzyme and led to the identification of a novel exosite that could be utilized in the development of isoform specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Albertov 6 12800 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vrzal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
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4
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La-Venia A, Dzijak R, Rampmaier R, Vrabel M. An Optimized Protocol for the Synthesis of Peptides Containing trans-Cyclooctene and Bicyclononyne Dienophiles as Useful Multifunctional Bioorthogonal Probes. Chemistry 2021; 27:13632-13641. [PMID: 34241924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great advances in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the incorporation of certain functional groups into peptide sequences is restricted by the compatibility of the building blocks with conditions used during SPPS. In particular, the introduction of highly reactive groups used in modern bioorthogonal reactions into peptides remains elusive. Here, we present an optimized synthetic protocol enabling installation of two strained dienophiles, trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and bicyclononyne (BCN), into different peptide sequences. The two groups enable fast and modular post-synthetic functionalization of peptides, as we demonstrate in preparation of peptide-peptide and peptide-drug conjugates. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, the click-functionalization of the peptides can be performed directly in live cells. We further show that the introduction of both clickable groups into peptides enables construction of smart, multifunctional probes that can streamline complex chemical biology experiments such as visualization and pull-down of metabolically labeled glycoconjugates. The presented strategy will find utility in construction of peptides for diverse applications, where high reactivity, efficiency and biocompatibility of the modification step is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina La-Venia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic.,Current address: Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Mancuso F, Rahm M, Dzijak R, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Vrabel M. Transition-Metal-Mediated versus Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Release Reactions: Direct Comparison and Combinations Thereof. Chempluschem 2021; 85:1669-1675. [PMID: 32757364 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cleavage reactions are gaining popularity in chemically inducible prodrug activation and in the control of biomolecular functions. Despite similar applications, these reactions were developed and optimized on different substrates and under different experimental conditions. Reported herein is a side-by-side comparison of palladium-, ruthenium- and tetrazine-triggered release reactions, which aims at comparing the reaction kinetics, efficiency and overall advantages and limitations of the methods. In addition, we disclose the possibility of mutual combination of the cleavage reactions. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the bioorthogonal deprotections in cellular experiments, which revealed that among the three methods investigated, the palladium- and the tetrazine-promoted reaction can be used for efficient prodrug activation, but only the tetrazine-triggered reactions proceed efficiently inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancuso
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), Viale Palatucci 13, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Michal Rahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Dzijak R, Galeta J, Vázquez A, Kozák J, Matoušová M, Fulka H, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Structurally Redesigned Bioorthogonal Reagents for Mitochondria-Specific Prodrug Activation. JACS Au 2021; 1:23-30. [PMID: 33554213 PMCID: PMC7851953 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of abiotic chemical reactions that can be performed in an organelle-specific manner can provide new opportunities in drug delivery and cell and chemical biology. However, due to the complexity of the cellular environment, this remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce structurally redesigned bioorthogonal tetrazine reagents that spontaneously accumulate in mitochondria of live mammalian cells. The attributes leading to their efficient accumulation in the organelle were optimized to include the right combination of lipophilicity and positive delocalized charge. The best performing mitochondriotropic tetrazines enable subcellular chemical release of TCO-caged compounds as we show using fluorogenic substrates and mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide. Our work demonstrates that a shrewd redesign of common bioorthogonal reagents can lead to their transformation into organelle-specific probes, opening the possibility to activate prodrugs and manipulate biological processes at the subcellular level by using purely chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kozák
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Fulka
- Department
of Cell Nucleus Plasticity, Institute of
Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Víden̆ská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Galeta J, Dzijak R, Obořil J, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. A Systematic Study of Coumarin-Tetrazine Light-Up Probes for Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Imaging. Chemistry 2020; 26:9945-9953. [PMID: 32339341 PMCID: PMC7497033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that light-up upon reaction with complementary bioorthogonal reagents are superior tools for no-wash fluorogenic bioimaging applications. In this work, a thorough study is presented on a set of seventeen structurally diverse coumarin-tetrazine probes that produce fluorescent dyes with exceptional turn-on ratios when reacted with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and bicyclononyne (BCN) dienophiles. In general, formation of the fully aromatic pyridazine-containing dyes resulting from the reaction with BCN was found superior in terms of fluorogenicity. However, evaluation of the probes in cellular imaging experiments revealed that other factors, such as reaction kinetics and good cell permeability, prevail over the fluorescence turn-on properties. The best compound identified in this study showed excellent performance in live cell-labeling experiments and enabled no-wash fluorogenic imaging on a timescale of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Jan Obořil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
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8
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Galeta J, Dzijak R, Obořil J, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Cover Feature: A Systematic Study of Coumarin–Tetrazine Light‐Up Probes for Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Imaging (Chem. Eur. J. 44/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Obořil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
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9
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Mrazkova B, Dzijak R, Imrichova T, Kyjacova L, Barath P, Dzubak P, Holub D, Hajduch M, Nahacka Z, Andera L, Holicek P, Vasicova P, Sapega O, Bartek J, Hodny Z. Induction, regulation and roles of neural adhesion molecule L1CAM in cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:434-462. [PMID: 29615539 PMCID: PMC5892697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging involves tissue accumulation of senescent cells (SC) whose elimination through senolytic approaches may evoke organismal rejuvenation. SC also contribute to aging-associated pathologies including cancer, hence it is imperative to better identify and target SC. Here, we aimed to identify new cell-surface proteins differentially expressed on human SC. Besides previously reported proteins enriched on SC, we identified 78 proteins enriched and 73 proteins underrepresented in replicatively senescent BJ fibroblasts, including L1CAM, whose expression is normally restricted to the neural system and kidneys. L1CAM was: 1) induced in premature forms of cellular senescence triggered chemically and by gamma-radiation, but not in Ras-induced senescence; 2) induced upon inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by p16INK4a; 3) induced by TGFbeta and suppressed by RAS/MAPK(Erk) signaling (the latter explaining the lack of L1CAM induction in RAS-induced senescence); and 4) induced upon downregulation of growth-associated gene ANT2, growth in low-glucose medium or inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. These data indicate that L1CAM is controlled by a number of cell growth- and metabolism-related pathways during SC development. Functionally, SC with enhanced surface L1CAM showed increased adhesion to extracellular matrix and migrated faster. Our results provide mechanistic insights into senescence of human cells, with implications for future senolytic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Mrazkova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Imrichova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kyjacova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc 77147, Czech Republic
| | - Dusan Holub
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc 77147, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc 77147, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holicek
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Sapega
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.,Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
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10
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Hubackova S, Pribyl M, Kyjacova L, Moudra A, Dzijak R, Salovska B, Strnad H, Tambor V, Imrichova T, Svec J, Vodicka P, Vaclavikova R, Rob L, Bartek J, Hodny Z. Interferon-regulated suprabasin is essential for stress-induced stem-like cell conversion and therapy resistance of human malignancies. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1467-1489. [PMID: 30919591 PMCID: PMC6599850 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy represent standard-of-care cancer treatments. However, most patients eventually experience tumour recurrence, treatment failure and metastatic dissemination with fatal consequences. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, we exposed human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7 and DU145) to clinically relevant doses of 5-azacytidine or ionizing radiation and compared the transcript profiles of all surviving cell subpopulations, including low-adherent stem-like cells. Stress-mobilized low-adherent cell fractions differed from other survivors in terms of deregulation of hundreds of genes, including those involved in interferon response. Exposure of cancer cells to interferon-gamma but not interferon-beta resulted in the development of a heterogeneous, low-adherent fraction comprising not only apoptotic/necrotic cells but also live cells exhibiting active Notch signalling and expressing stem-cell markers. Chemical inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and interferon responsible factor 1 (IRF1) prevented mobilization of the surviving low-adherent population, indicating that interferon-gamma-mediated loss of adhesion and anoikis resistance required an active Erk pathway interlinked with interferon signalling by transcription factor IRF1. Notably, a skin-specific protein suprabasin (SBSN), a recently identified oncoprotein, was among the top scoring genes upregulated in surviving low-adherent cancer cells induced by 5-azacytidine or irradiation. SBSN expression required the activity of the MEK/Erk pathway, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of SBSN suppressed the low-adherent fraction in irradiated, interferon-gamma- and 5-azacytidine-treated cells, respectively, implicating SBSN in genotoxic stress-induced phenotypic plasticity and stress resistance. Importantly, SBSN expression was observed in human clinical specimens of colon and ovarian carcinomas, as well as in circulating tumour cells and metastases of the 4T1 mouse model. The association of SBSN expression with progressive stages of cancer development indicates its role in cancer evolution and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Hubackova
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pribyl
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kyjacova
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Moudra
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Salovska
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Tambor
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Imrichova
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Svec
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Vaclavikova
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Vinohrady University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Siegl SJ, Galeta J, Dzijak R, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Turn-On Labeling Based on Bicyclononyne-Tetrazine Cycloaddition Reactions that Form Pyridazine Products. Chempluschem 2019; 84:493-497. [PMID: 31245251 PMCID: PMC6582594 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic bioorthogonal reactions enable visualization of biomolecules with excellent signal-to-noise ratio. A bicyclononyne-tetrazine ligation that produces fluorescent pyridazine products has been developed. In stark contrast to previous approaches, the formation of the dye is an inherent result of the chemical reaction and no additional fluorophores are needed in the reagents. The crucial structural elements that determine dye formation are electron-donating groups present in the starting tetrazine unit. The newly formed pyridazine fluorophores show interesting photophysical properties the fluorescence intensity increase in the reaction can reach an excellent 900-fold. Model imaging experiments demonstrate the application potential of this new fluorogenic bioorthogonal reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
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12
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Siegl SJ, Galeta J, Dzijak R, Vázquez A, Del Río‐Villanueva M, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Front Cover: An Extended Approach for the Development of Fluorogenic
trans
‐Cyclooctene–Tetrazine Cycloadditions (ChemBioChem 7/2019). Chembiochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Del Río‐Villanueva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of theCzech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
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13
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Siegl SJ, Galeta J, Dzijak R, Vázquez A, Del Río-Villanueva M, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. An Extended Approach for the Development of Fluorogenic trans-Cyclooctene-Tetrazine Cycloadditions. Chembiochem 2019; 20:886-890. [PMID: 30561884 PMCID: PMC6471176 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) cycloaddition between 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines and strained dienophiles belongs among the most popular bioconjugation reactions. In addition to its fast kinetics, this cycloaddition can be tailored to produce fluorescent products from non‐fluorescent starting materials. Here we show that even the reaction intermediates formed in iEDDA cycloaddition can lead to the formation of new types of fluorophores. The influence of various substituents on their photophysical properties and the generality of the approach with use of various trans‐cyclooctene derivatives were studied. Model bioimaging experiments demonstrate the application potential of fluorogenic iEDDA cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Del Río-Villanueva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Siegl SJ, Vázquez A, Dzijak R, Dračínský M, Galeta J, Rampmaier R, Klepetářová B, Vrabel M. Design and Synthesis of Aza-Bicyclononene Dienophiles for Rapid Fluorogenic Ligations. Chemistry 2018; 24:2426-2432. [PMID: 29243853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic bioorthogonal reactions enable visualization of biomolecules under native conditions with excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we present the design and synthesis of conformationally-strained aziridine-fused trans-cyclooctene (aza-TCO) dienophiles, which lead to the formation of fluorescent products in tetrazine ligations without the need for attachment of an extra fluorophore moiety. The presented aza-TCOs adopt the highly strained "half-chair" conformation, which was predicted computationally and confirmed by NMR measurements and X-ray crystallography. Kinetic studies revealed that the aza-TCOs belong to the most reactive dienophiles known to date. The potential of the newly developed aza-TCO probes for bioimaging applications is demonstrated by protein labeling experiments, imaging of cellular glycoconjugates and peptidoglycan imaging of live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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15
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Siegl SJ, Dzijak R, Vázquez A, Pohl R, Vrabel M. The discovery of pyridinium 1,2,4-triazines with enhanced performance in bioconjugation reactions. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3593-3598. [PMID: 30155204 PMCID: PMC6092722 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2,4-Triazines have recently been identified as versatile dienes participating in the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with strained dienophiles. However, their widespread utility in bioconjugation reactions is still limited. Herein, we report a systematic study on the reactivity of various 1,2,4-triazines with trans-cyclooctenes showing that the structure of both the triazine and the dienophile significantly affect the reaction rate. Our kinetic study led to the discovery of novel cationic 1,2,4-triazines with superior properties for bioconjugation reactions. We have developed an efficient method that enables their late-stage functionalization and allows for easy access to various useful heterobifunctional scaffolds. In addition, these charged dienes form unprecedented fluorescent products upon reaction with trans-cyclooctenes and can be used for fluorogenic labeling of subcellular compartments in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
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16
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Vázquez A, Dzijak R, Dračínský M, Rampmaier R, Siegl SJ, Vrabel M. Mechanism‐Based Fluorogenic
trans
‐Cyclooctene–Tetrazine Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian J. Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
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17
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Vázquez A, Dzijak R, Dračínský M, Rampmaier R, Siegl SJ, Vrabel M. Mechanism-Based Fluorogenic trans-Cyclooctene-Tetrazine Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1334-1337. [PMID: 28026913 PMCID: PMC5299526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorogenic reactions which lead to the formation of fluorescent products from two nonfluorescent starting materials is highly desirable, but challenging. Reported herein is a new concept of fluorescent product formation upon the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines with particular trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) isomers. In sharp contrast to known fluorogenic reagents the presented chemistry leads to the rapid formation of unprecedented fluorescent 1,4‐dihydropyridazines so that the fluorophore is built directly upon the chemical reaction. Attachment of an extra fluorophore moiety is therefore not needed. The photochemical properties of the resulting dyes can be easily tuned by changing the substitution pattern of the starting 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine. We support the claim with NMR measurements and rationalize the data by computational study. Cell‐labeling experiments were performed to demonstrate the potential of the fluorogenic reaction for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian J Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Zarska M, Novotny F, Havel F, Sramek M, Babelova A, Benada O, Novotny M, Saran H, Kuca K, Musilek K, Hvezdova Z, Dzijak R, Vancurova M, Krejcikova K, Gabajova B, Hanzlikova H, Kyjacova L, Bartek J, Proska J, Hodny Z. Two-Step Mechanism of Cellular Uptake of Cationic Gold Nanoparticles Modified by (16-Mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium Bromide. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2558-2574. [PMID: 27602782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cationic colloidal gold nanorods (GNRs) have a great potential as a theranostic tool for diverse medical applications. GNRs' properties such as cellular internalization and stability are determined by physicochemical characteristics of their surface coating. GNRs modified by (16-mercaptohexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), MTABGNRs, show excellent cellular uptake. Despite their promise for biomedicine, however, relatively little is known about the cellular pathways that facilitate the uptake of GNRs, their subcellular fate and intracellular persistence. Here we studied the mechanism of cellular internalization and long-term fate of GNRs coated with MTAB, for which the synthesis was optimized to give higher yield, in various human cell types including normal diploid versus cancerous, and dividing versus nondividing (senescent) cells. The process of MTABGNRs internalization into their final destination in lysosomes proceeds in two steps: (1) fast passive adhesion to cell membrane mediated by sulfated proteoglycans occurring within minutes and (2) slower active transmembrane and intracellular transport of individual nanorods via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and of aggregated nanorods via macropinocytosis. The expression of sulfated proteoglycans was the major factor determining the extent of uptake by the respective cell types. Upon uptake into proliferating cells, MTABGNRs were diluted equally and relatively rapidly into daughter cells; however, in nondividing/senescent cells the loss of MTABGNRs was gradual and very modest, attributable mainly to exocytosis. Exocytosed MTABGNRs can again be internalized. These findings broaden our knowledge about cellular uptake of gold nanorods, a crucial prerequisite for future successful engineering of nanoparticles for biomedical applications such as photothermal cancer therapy or elimination of senescent cells as part of the emerging rejuvenation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zarska
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Havel
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sramek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences , 945 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oldrich Benada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hilal Saran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hvezdova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vancurova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Krejcikova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Gabajova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hanzlikova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kyjacova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science For Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute , 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Proska
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , CZ-115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i. , CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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19
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Venit T, Kalendová A, Petr M, Dzijak R, Pastorek L, Rohožková J, Malohlava J, Hozák P. Nuclear myosin I regulates cell membrane tension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30864. [PMID: 27480647 PMCID: PMC4969604 DOI: 10.1038/srep30864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane tension is an important feature that determines the cell shape and influences processes such as cell motility, spreading, endocytosis and exocytosis. Unconventional class 1 myosins are potent regulators of plasma membrane tension because they physically link the plasma membrane with adjacent cytoskeleton. We identified nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) - a putative nuclear isoform of myosin 1c (Myo1c) - as a new player in the field. Although having specific nuclear functions, NM1 localizes predominantly to the plasma membrane. Deletion of NM1 causes more than a 50% increase in the elasticity of the plasma membrane around the actin cytoskeleton as measured by atomic force microscopy. This higher elasticity of NM1 knock-out cells leads to 25% higher resistance to short-term hypotonic environment and rapid cell swelling. In contrast, overexpression of NM1 in wild type cells leads to an additional 30% reduction of their survival. We have shown that NM1 has a direct functional role in the cytoplasm as a dynamic linker between the cell membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton, regulating the degree of effective plasma membrane tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Venit
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Kalendová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Petr
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pastorek
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rohožková
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Malohlava
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Marášek P, Dzijak R, Studenyak I, Fišerová J, Uličná L, Novák P, Hozák P. Paxillin-dependent regulation of IGF2 and H19 gene cluster expression. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3106-16. [PMID: 26116569 PMCID: PMC4541046 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a focal adhesion protein that has been implicated in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. Recently, it has been shown to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. When inside the nucleus, paxillin promotes cell proliferation. Here, we introduce paxillin as a transcriptional regulator of IGF2 and H19 genes. It does not affect the allelic expression of the two genes; rather, it regulates long-range chromosomal interactions between the IGF2 or H19 promoter and a shared distal enhancer on an active allele. Specifically, paxillin stimulates the interaction between the enhancer and the IGF2 promoter, thus activating IGF2 gene transcription, whereas it restrains the interaction between the enhancer and the H19 promoter, downregulating the H19 gene. We found that paxillin interacts with cohesin and the mediator complex, which have been shown to mediate long-range chromosomal looping. We propose that these interactions occur at the IGF2 and H19 gene cluster and are involved in the formation of loops between the IGF2 and H19 promoters and the enhancer, and thus the expression of the corresponding genes. These observations contribute to a mechanistic explanation of the role of paxillin in proliferation and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marášek
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Studenyak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Fišerová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lívia Uličná
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
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Venit T, Dzijak R, Kalendová A, Kahle M, Rohožková J, Schmidt V, Rülicke T, Rathkolb B, Hans W, Bohla A, Eickelberg O, Stoeger T, Wolf E, Yildirim AÖ, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Hozák P. Mouse nuclear myosin I knock-out shows interchangeability and redundancy of myosin isoforms in the cell nucleus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61406. [PMID: 23593477 PMCID: PMC3623870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear myosin I (NM1) is a nuclear isoform of the well-known "cytoplasmic" Myosin 1c protein (Myo1c). Located on the 11(th) chromosome in mice, NM1 results from an alternative start of transcription of the Myo1c gene adding an extra 16 amino acids at the N-terminus. Previous studies revealed its roles in RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase II transcription, chromatin remodeling, and chromosomal movements. Its nuclear localization signal is localized in the middle of the molecule and therefore directs both Myosin 1c isoforms to the nucleus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to trace specific functions of the NM1 isoform, we generated mice lacking the NM1 start codon without affecting the cytoplasmic Myo1c protein. Mutant mice were analyzed in a comprehensive phenotypic screen in cooperation with the German Mouse Clinic. Strikingly, no obvious phenotype related to previously described functions has been observed. However, we found minor changes in bone mineral density and the number and size of red blood cells in knock-out mice, which are most probably not related to previously described functions of NM1 in the nucleus. In Myo1c/NM1 depleted U2OS cells, the level of Pol I transcription was restored by overexpression of shRNA-resistant mouse Myo1c. Moreover, we found Myo1c interacting with Pol II. The ratio between Myo1c and NM1 proteins were similar in the nucleus and deletion of NM1 did not cause any compensatory overexpression of Myo1c protein. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We observed that Myo1c can replace NM1 in its nuclear functions. Amount of both proteins is nearly equal and NM1 knock-out does not cause any compensatory overexpression of Myo1c. We therefore suggest that both isoforms can substitute each other in nuclear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Venit
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Kalendová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kahle
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rohožková
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Schmidt
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bohla
- German Mouse Clinic, Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- German Mouse Clinic, Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- German Mouse Clinic, Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- German Mouse Clinic, Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Member of German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Yildirim S, Castano E, Sobol M, Philimonenko VV, Dzijak R, Venit T, Hozák P. Involvement of PIP2 in RNA Polymerase I transcription. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2730-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription is essential for the cell cycle, growth, and overall protein synthesis in eukaryotes. We found that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a part of the protein complex on the active ribosomal promoter during the transcription. PIP2 makes a complex with Pol I and Pol I transcription factor UBF in the nucleolus. PIP2 depletion reduces Pol I transcription which can be rescued by the addition of exogenous PIP2. In addition, PIP2 also binds directly to the pre-rRNA processing factor, fibrillarin (Fib), and co-localizes with nascent transcripts in the nucleolus. PIP2 binding to UBF and Fib modulates their binding to DNA and RNA, respectively. In conclusion, PIP2 interacts with a subset of Pol I transcription machinery, and promotes Pol I transcription.
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Dzijak R, Yildirim S, Kahle M, Novák P, Hnilicová J, Venit T, Hozák P. Specific nuclear localizing sequence directs two myosin isoforms to the cell nucleus in calmodulin-sensitive manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30529. [PMID: 22295092 PMCID: PMC3266300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear myosin I (NM1) was the first molecular motor identified in the cell nucleus. Together with nuclear actin, they participate in crucial nuclear events such as transcription, chromatin movements, and chromatin remodeling. NM1 is an isoform of myosin 1c (Myo1c) that was identified earlier and is known to act in the cytoplasm. NM1 differs from the “cytoplasmic” myosin 1c only by additional 16 amino acids at the N-terminus of the molecule. This amino acid stretch was therefore suggested to direct NM1 into the nucleus. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the mechanism of nuclear import of NM1 in detail. Using over-expressed GFP chimeras encoding for truncated NM1 mutants, we identified a specific sequence that is necessary for its import to the nucleus. This novel nuclear localization sequence is placed within calmodulin-binding motif of NM1, thus it is present also in the Myo1c. We confirmed the presence of both isoforms in the nucleus by transfection of tagged NM1 and Myo1c constructs into cultured cells, and also by showing the presence of the endogenous Myo1c in purified nuclei of cells derived from knock-out mice lacking NM1. Using pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays we identified importin beta, importin 5 and importin 7 as nuclear transport receptors that bind NM1. Since the NLS sequence of NM1 lies within the region that also binds calmodulin we tested the influence of calmodulin on the localization of NM1. The presence of elevated levels of calmodulin interfered with nuclear localization of tagged NM1. Conclusions/Significance We have shown that the novel specific NLS brings to the cell nucleus not only the “nuclear” isoform of myosin I (NM1 protein) but also its “cytoplasmic” isoform (Myo1c protein). This opens a new field for exploring functions of this molecular motor in nuclear processes, and for exploring the signals between cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sukriye Yildirim
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kahle
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Hnilicová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Venit
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Castano E, Philimonenko VV, Kahle M, Fukalová J, Kalendová A, Yildirim S, Dzijak R, Dingová-Krásna H, Hozák P. Actin complexes in the cell nucleus: new stones in an old field. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 133:607-26. [PMID: 20443021 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Actin is a well-known protein that has shown a myriad of activities in the cytoplasm. However, recent findings of actin involvement in nuclear processes are overwhelming. Actin complexes in the nucleus range from very dynamic chromatin-remodeling complexes to structural elements of the matrix with single partners known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs). This review summarizes the recent findings of actin-containing complexes in the nucleus. Particular attention is given to key processes like chromatin remodeling, transcription, DNA replication, nucleocytoplasmic transport and to actin roles in nuclear architecture. Understanding the mechanisms involving ABPs will definitely lead us to the principles of the regulation of gene expression performed via concerting nuclear and cytoplasmic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castano
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kahle M, Pridalová J, Spacek M, Dzijak R, Hozák P. Nuclear myosin is ubiquitously expressed and evolutionary conserved in vertebrates. Histochem Cell Biol 2006; 127:139-48. [PMID: 16957816 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-006-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear myosin I (NMI) is a single-headed member of myosin superfamily localized in the cell nucleus which participates along with nuclear actin in transcription and chromatin remodeling. We demonstrate that NMI is present in cell nuclei of all mouse tissues examined except for cells in terminal stages of spermiogenesis. Quantitative PCR and western blots demonstrate that the expression of NMI in tissues varies with the highest levels in the lungs. The expression of NMI is lower in serum-starved cells and it increases after serum stimulation. The lifespan of NMI is longer than 16 h as determined by cycloheximide translation block. A homologous protein is expressed in human, chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish as shown by RACE analysis. The analysis of genomic sequences indicates that almost identical homologous NMI genes are expressed in mammals, and similar NMI genes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kahle
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cell Ultrastructure and Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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