Does elite European match-play affect salivary immunoglobulin-A and cortisol in soccer players? The influence of playing status and match outcome

Introduction: The aims of this study were to: a) investigate salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and cortisol (s-Cort) responses to nine competitive fixtures in starting and non- starting soccer players; and b) compare s-IgA and s-Cort responses of starters and non-starters considering match outcome. Methods: Saliva from 19 male outfield players from an elite soccer team (mean ± SD, age 26 ± 4 years; weight 80.5 ± 8.1 kg; height 1.83 ± 0.07 m; body-fat 10.8% ± 0.7%) was collected. Saliva samples were taken on the day before each match (MD-1), 60-min before kick-off (MDpre), 30-min post-match (MDpost), and 72-h post-match (MD+3). There were five wins, one draw and three losses. Results: The mean s-IgA value was found to be significantly lower at MD+3 compared to MDpre and MDpost. s-Cort was significantly higher at MDpost compared to MD-1 and MDpre. When compared to MDpre, a statistically significant decrease in s-Cort was observed at MD+3 compared to MDpost. Starters displayed higher s-Cort values across the nine matches. There was a significant group-by-time interaction for s-Cort. There was a significant increase in s-Cort levels at MDpost compared to MD-1 and from MDpre to MDpost in starting players. At MDpost, starters had significantly higher s-Cort values. s-IgA values of starting and non- starting players following successful and unsuccessful matches did not reveal a significant difference. However, similar analysis of s-Cort in successful matches showed a significant difference between starters and non-starters. s-IgA values at MD-1, MDpre, MDpost and MD+3 in starters and non-starters following successful and unsuccessful matches revealed significant differences at MDpre and MDpost in starters, respectively. Furthermore, s-Cort values at MD-1, MDpre, MDpost and MD+3 in starters and non-starters in successful and unsuccessful matches revealed significant differences at MD+3 in starting players. Discussion: The present study suggests that in elite level soccer players, both starting status and match outcome influence s-IgA and s-Cort responses, particularly starters. Specifically, s-IgA was lower for starters before and after the match following successful outcomes. Moreover, higher s-Cort values were found before the match while lower values occurred after the match for starters in successful matches.

Spatio-temporal interactions between the red fox and the wolf in two contrasting European landscapes

Relationships among carnivore species are complex, potentially switching from competition to facilitation on a context-dependent basis. Negative associations are predicted to increase with latitude, due to limited resources emphasising competition and/or intra-guild predation. Accordingly, a stronger negative correlation between large- and meso-carnivore abundances should be expected at higher latitudes, with a substantial spatio-temporal partitioning favouring interspecific coexistence. Human presence may influence spatio-temporal relationships between (meso)carnivore species, as it can be perceived as a risk factor, but anthropogenic food can also provide an important additional food resource. Using camera-trap data, we studied the spatio-temporal associations between two of the most widespread carnivores in Europe, i.e., the red fox and wolf. We compared their monthly/daily spatio-temporal partitioning between two different landscapes: Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland) and the Mediterranean Maremma Regional Park (Italy). We predicted a stronger interspecific partitioning, as well as more attraction of red foxes to humans in the northern site (Poland). Temporal activity patterns of the two carnivores overlapped in both sites, and their detection rates were positively associated, even though in weaker way in Poland. We observed a positive spatial association of red foxes with human activity in Białowieża, but not in Maremma. This association occurred only at a monthly temporal scale and disappeared at a daily scale, suggesting some disturbance in the shorter term. Our results provided partial support to our predictions and suggest that, despite the ecological differences between our study areas, only weak differences in wolf-fox relations were observed, suggesting that red fox responses to wolves may be relatively comparable over large spatial scales.

Irish Dancing Injuries and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Irish dance is growing in popularity, evolving to a more athletic and demanding dance style. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review, previously registered with PROSPERO, to identify the prevalence, incidence, and the injury pattern among Irish dancers and analyse the associated risk factors. Six online databases and two dance-specific science publications were searched systematically. Studies were included if the patterns of injuries among Irish dancers were evaluated or the factors associated with injury were analysed, published in English or Portuguese, in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Four reviewers assessed the quality and level of evidence using the Downs and Black criteria and a modified Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine 2009 model, respectively. Eleven articles were included, eight of Level 3c (cross-sectional) and three of Level 3b (prospective). Mean DB percentage score was 63% ± 7.2%. Prevalence ranged from 72.2% to 92.6%, affecting mostly the foot/ankle complex. Only two articles reported incidence, which ranged from 3.4 to 10.6 injuries/1000 h danced depending on injury definition. Psychological factors, elite level, and insufficient/poor sleep were associated with musculoskeletal injury. Injury prevalence and incidence is high in Irish dancers, with the foot and ankle being more affected. Due to heterogeneity in injury definitions, methods, and populations, along with the need for improvement in studies quality, recommendations were made for future research.

Exploring the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from clinically ill companion animals from North of Portugal

Klebsiella spp. is an important pathogen in humans and animals and due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, its prevalence and antibiotic resistance has increased in companion animals. The main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from clinically ill cats and dogs admitted in veterinary clinics in the North of Portugal. A total of 255 clinical specimens were collected and, after isolation, the identification of Klebsiella strains was performed using the BBL Crystal™ identification system and confirmed by PCR-based sequencing with specific primers. Antibiotic resistance profile was determined through the disc diffusion method. Beta-lactam resistance genes were screened through a multiplex PCR assay. Fifty Klebsiella strains were isolated and, 39 were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 11 as Klebsiella oxytoca. Thirty-one were recovered from dogs and 19 from cats. The Klebsiella isolates were recovered mainly from skin wounds, respiratory tract, and from urine. Fifty percent of K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae isolates revealed to be Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains, with most of them positive for the presence of blaTEM-like and blaSHV genes. This data shows that MDR Klebsiella are highly disseminated in companion animals and that extended-spectrum beta-lactamases can be easily found among these isolates. This highlights the potential role of dogs and cats as a reservoir of resistant Klebsiella spp. that have the potential to be transmitted to humans.

Modification of [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging protocols in obese oncology patients: A nationwide survey

INTRODUCTION

The use of medical imaging for diagnosis, staging and follow-up in Oncology context is incredibly important, being the use of [18F]-FDG PET/CT particularly advantageous in specific contexts like the case of obese patients. However, imaging the latter can be challenging sometimes, since their own body size may affect overall image quality and adds technical difficulties for the operator(s) performing the examination.

METHODS

This research project was developed with the aim of analysing the current personal practices of Portuguese Nuclear Medicine Technologists (NMTs) in the adaptation of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT oncological protocols for obese patients and comparing the results with parameters referenced in literature. A non-experimental research study was conducted using a survey delivered online to NMTs through social media platforms (Facebook® and LinkedIn®) and by sending the link directly to contacts within the research team professional and personal networks.

RESULTS

Answers from a total of 26 participants were obtained, with 88.5% of participants admitting modifying technical protocols in examinations for obese patients. Changes in PET protocols included an increase in the administered activity (60.9%), an increase in scan time per individual bed position (69.6%) and the use of Time-of-Flight (TOF) technology whenever available. Protocol changes in CT included increasing the mA (82.6%), raising the KVp (47.8%), the application of iterative reconstruction (69.6%) and the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) (52.2%). The remaining parameters (pitch, algorithm, slice thickness, display FOV, gantry rotation time and energy acceptance window) were claimed not to be modified by around 90% of professionals.

CONCLUSION

Portuguese NMTs tend to change the [18F]-FDG PET/CT protocols for obese patients. However, while some of the parameters appear to be contradictory or redundant, others require further optimisation, especially in the CT component.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Efforts should be made to optimize acquisition protocols used in [18F]-FDG PET/CT scans for obese patients.

Parent-report health-related quality of life in school-aged children with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study

Quality of life is both a goal and an outcome in Cerebral Palsy (CP) rehabilitation. Children with CP may show impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to their typical peers. Parents' perceptions of HRQoL of their children could help rehabilitation professionals to identify areas for intervention aiming to improve health and wellbeing. This study aims to compare the proxy HRQoL of Portuguese school-aged children with CP and the general population, and to analyze child and family correlation. Differences were examined using European normative data for children from 8 to 18 years. Correlation and regression analysis examined the association between child and family variables in the CP group with statistically significant low scores. Sixty-eight parents of children and adolescents with CP (12.5 ± 2.91 years) answered the KIDSCREEN-52 parent version. We identified clinically significantly lower HRQoL in four out of ten HRQoL domains (Physical well-being, Autonomy, Moods & Emotions, and Bullying) than the norm peers. Correlations were found between the number of siblings and Autonomy (r = .315), meaning that having more siblings was associated with greater autonomy, and between mobility and Moods & Emotions (r = -.261), where children with impaired mobility shown low scores as perceived by their parents. Age, sex, mobility and cognitive impairment explained 32% of Physical well-being scores (p < .001). Mobility and cognitive impairment explained 16% of Bullying scores (p = .001). Although the family and child variables identified in this study are non-modifiable, they can help in the identification and early intervention aimed at improving HRQoL. Rehabilitation professionals should assess parent perceptions, extending the HRQoL assessment to children who can report and other informants, aiming at fostering wellbeing in children and adolescents with CP.

Portuguese translation, cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of Young Spine Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE

To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Young Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) into Portuguese, and to assess its reliability.

METHOD

Translation and cross-cultural adaptations were conducted according to accepted international standards. A preliminary version underwent pilot-testing with 32 children (11-14 years), equally divided by gender and age. Children were asked to rate each question in terms of clarity and comprehensibility, and to provide general feedback regarding the questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaire was approved by a committee consisting of experts from various fields. Test-retest reliability was assessed on 58 children using Cohen's and Fleiss' Kappa.

RESULTS

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the YSQ only resulted in minor changes and the children rated all questions as "clear and understandable" in the pilot test, without gender or age differences being detected. Test-retest data was collected with a mean interval of 13 days. Reliability scores ranged from 0.56-0.97, equivalent to "moderate" to "almost perfect" agreement. Most questions (84%) had "substantial" or "almost perfect" agreement.

CONCLUSION

The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of YSQ into Portuguese was successfully performed. This questionnaire was also shown to be reliable, supporting its future use in research projects.

Transcranial Doppler findings in a population with clinical probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

OBJECTIVE

To describe transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings in a population with clinical probable RCVS. Exploratory objectives included the study of clinical characteristics of probable RCVS patients with and without spasm detected by TCD.

METHODS

Cross-sectional cohort study of patients with thunderclap headache (TCH) without subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of our neurology and headache center between 2010 and 2019, selecting patients with clinical diagnosis of probable RCVS (negative angiography study) by ICHD-3 criteria and with at least two TCD studies.

RESULTS

From 114 TCH patients, 36/114 had probable RCVS by ICHD-3 criteria and had at least two TCD studies available. The mean age at RCVS onset was 42.9years (21-72years); 29/36 (80.6%) were female, 7/28 (25%) had cardiovascular risk factors and 20/36 (55.6%) had history of migraine. Most common triggers were stressful emotion, drugs, valsalva maneuvers and sexual activity. Five/36 (13.9%) had complications and 3/36 (8.3%) had late recurrence. Initial TCD was performed on average of 16 (6-26) days after headache onset. Twenty-nine had vasospasm on TCD, presenting mean flow velocity of MCA (VMCA) of 135.7±17.0cm/s and mean maximum VMCA of 138.3±17.2. Vasospasm was mild in 21/29 patients (72.4%) and moderate in 8/29 (27.6%). Complete VMCA normalization occurred on average 41 (30-70) days after headache onset and 24 (11-47) days after initial TCD. The group of patients with vasospasm detected by TCD had more female patients (26/29, 89.7% vs. 3/7, 42.8%, P=0.016), and more TCH attacks (mean of 3.6 vs. 2.14, P=0.049).

CONCLUSION

TCD may be a useful tool in the identification of vasospasm in patients with probable RCVS, supporting the diagnosis of RCVS in patients presenting with recurrent TCH without SAH.

Molecular profiling of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents from different age groups using a next-generation sequencing panel

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor, with a peak of incidence in the second decade of life and possibly associated with the presence of germline mutations. Besides, clinicians have pointed to a second, rarer group of patients that develops OS before 10 years old. Here we access, through next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy, the genetic alterations present in OS and blood samples from patients diagnosed before and during the second decade of life. A custom NGS panel, designed for the main alterations described in childhood and adolescence neoplasms, named Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay (OCCRA©), was used. Of all 84 OS samples investigated, 42 (50%) presented some somatic variant, with TP53, MYC, CDK4, RB1 and PDGFRA genes harboring the most observed genetic variants. MYC CNVs were more frequent in tumors from patients diagnosed before 10 years old (X²₁= 5.18, p = 0.023). Additionally, patients diagnosed during the second decade of life presented a higher percentage of somatic and germline variants. Germline variants in TP53 and RB1 were found in 5 of the 11 (45.5%) patients analyzed. Clinical variables and tumor histopathological characteristics were also collected and correlated with our molecular findings.

The Effects of Different Types of Dual Tasking on Balance in Healthy Older Adults

Numerous of our daily activities are performed within multitask or dual task conditions. These conditions involve the interaction of perceptual and motor processes involved in postural control. Age-related changes may negatively impact cognition and balance control. Studies identifying changes related to dual-task actions in older people are need. This study aimed to determine the effects of different types of dual-tasking on the balance control of healthy older adults. The sample included 36 community-living older adults, performing two tests—a sway test and a timed up-and-go test—in three conditions: (a) single motor task; (b) dual motor task; and (c) dual motor task with cognitive demands. Cognitive processes (dual-task and cognition) affected static balance, increasing amplitude (p < 0.001) and frequency (p < 0.001) of the center of mass displacements. Dynamic balance revealed significant differences between the single motor condition and the other two conditions during gait phases (p < 0.001). The effect of dual-tasking in older adults suggests that cognitive processes are a main cause of increased variability in balance and gait when under an automatic control. During sit-to-stand, turning, and turn-to-sit movements under dual-tasking, the perceptive information becomes the most important focus of attention, while any cognitive task becomes secondary.

Gynaecological cytology in women under the age of 30—the impact of P16/KI67 dual-staining cytology

Background

The HPV detection test is not recommended as a primary screening of cervical lesions, before the age of 30, because the high rate of HPV infections with a high rate of spontaneous resolution in this age group. This study aims to evaluate the performance of p16/Ki67 dual staining in detecting high-grade squamous cervical lesions in these women.

Methods

Cervical-vaginal samples from 67 women HPV positives under the age of 30 and cervical biopsies of 41 of these women. Results of p16/Ki67 dual staining, cytology and histology were analysed. In 53 of the women, 159 results of p16/Ki67 dual staining, HPV test and cytology, obtained in 3 follow-up medical visit, were compared.

Results

The p16/ki67 dual staining was positive in 23.9% and negative in 76.1% of all 67 women. All women with high squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology, 39.1% with low squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology, 17.4% with negative for intraepithelial lesion cytology and 10% with atypical squamous cells cytology, were p16/Ki-67 dual staining positives. In the 41 women with histological diagnosis, p16/ki67 dual staining showed a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 96% to detect HSIL. When comparing, the tests differ significantly (P &lt; 0.001), p16/ki67 dual staining was positive in 24% of positive cytology and in 19.5% of positive HPV tests.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that p16/Ki67 dual stain has good sensitivity and specificity to detect HSIL and can be useful on women under the age of 30, avoiding excessive diagnosis and reducing colposcopy referrals. Further studies are required in a large number of women.

Differences in Leisure Physical Activity Participation in Children with Typical Development and Cerebral Palsy

AIM

To compare participation in leisure physical activities in children with typical development (TD) and cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS

A total of 170 children with TD (n = 101) and CP (n = 69) aged 8 to 18 years reported participation in 16 extracurricular physical activities. Non-parametric statistics examined differences between groups.

RESULTS

Children with TD participated more frequently in individual physical activities (p = .018), team sports (p = .026), and bicycling (p = .001), and less in horseback riding (p = .031) than children with CP in GMFCS II-V. The differences between children with TD and CP in GMFCS I and within the CP group were not statistically significant. We did not find differences between groups in enjoyment.

CONCLUSION

Children with CP in GMFCS II-V tend to participate less in leisure physical activities that require higher motor and perceptual skills. Support in the adaptation of physical recreation and sports may help improve participation.

Blood biomarkers associated with inflammation predict poor prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis:: a multicenter prospective observational study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Experimental studies suggest inflammation can contribute to blood barrier disruption and brain injury in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to determine whether blood biomarkers of inflammation were associated with the evolution of brain lesions, persistent venous occlusion or functional outcome in patients with CVT.

METHODS

Pathophysiology of Venous Infarction-Prediction of Infarction and Recanalization in CVT (PRIORITy-CVT) was a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed CVT. Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in peripheral blood samples was performed at admission in 62 patients. Additional quantification of interleukin (IL)-6 was performed at day 1, 3 and 8 in 35 patients and 22 healthy controls. Standardized magnetic resonance imaging was performed at day 1, 8 and 90. Primary outcomes were early evolution of brain lesion, early recanalization and functional outcome at 90 days.

RESULTS

Interleukin-6 levels were increased in patients with CVT with a peak at baseline. IL-6, NLR and CRP levels were not related with brain lesion outcomes or early recanalization but had a significant association with unfavourable functional outcome at 90 days (IL-6: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.56, P = 0.046; NLR: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.4-1.87, P = 0.014; CRP: OR = 1.756, 95% CI: 1.010-3.051, P = 0.029). Baseline IL-6 had the best discriminative capacity, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict unfavourable functional outcome of 0.74 (P = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS

Increased baseline levels of NLR, CRP and IL-6 may serve as new predictive markers of worse functional prognosis at 90 days in patients with CVT. No association was found between inflammatory markers and early evolution of brain lesion or venous recanalization.

Participation in Leisure Activities by Portuguese Children With Cerebral Palsy

Leisure participation contributes to the health and wellbeing of children with and without physical disabilities. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the influence of child and family factors on leisure activity participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 8-18 years. A convenience sample of 69 participants with CP (M age = 12.75 years, SD = 2.95; 45 males) responded to the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment questionnaire to report participation diversity, frequency, companies, environment and enjoyment in leisure activities. From these questionnaires, we used descriptive statistics to summarize overall participation, two activity domains (formal and informal) and five activity types (recreational, social, active physical, skill-based, and self-improvement). Regression analysis assessed child and family factors' influence on participation. On average, children with CP were involved in 21 leisure activities in the last four months. Within activity types, social and recreational activities were the most frequently reported. Participation in physical and skill-based activities was low. Overall children with CP experienced high enjoyment with engagement in leisure activities. Collectively, factors of age, cognitive function, gross motor function, and mother's education level predicted 33% of activity diversity and 30% of activity frequency. We concluded that children with CP show diverse leisure activity participation and high leisure activity enjoyment. Health, education and sports professionals should consider the child's functional profile and family context when promoting participation.

Cognitive appraisal in fish: stressor predictability modulates the physiological and neurobehavioural stress response in sea bass

The role of cognitive factors in triggering the stress response is well established in humans and mammals (aka cognitive appraisal theory) but very seldom studied in other vertebrate taxa. Predictability is a key factor of the cognitive evaluation of stimuli. In this study, we tested the effects of stressor predictability on behavioral, physiological and neuromolecular responses in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Groups of four fish were exposed to a predictable (signalled) or unpredictable (unsignalled) stressor. Stressor predictability elicited a lower behavioural response and reduced cortisol levels. Using the expression of immediate early genes (c-fos, egr-1, bdnf and npas4) as markers of neuronal activity, we monitored the activity of three sea bass brain regions known to be implicated in stressor appraisal: the dorsomedian telencephalon, Dm (putative homologue of the pallial amygdala); and the dorsal (Dld) and ventral (Dlv) subareas of the dorsolateral telencephalon (putative homologue of the hippocampus). The activity of both the Dm and Dlv significantly responded to stressor predictability, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role of these two brain regions in information processing related to stressor appraisal. These results indicate that stressor predictability plays a key role in the activation of the stress response in a teleost fish, hence highlighting the role of cognitive processes in fish stress.

Task-Based Automatic Evaluation of People with Intellectual Disabilities Performed on a Robotic Table Soccer

This paper is concerned with the automatic evaluation of selected tasks performed by people with intellectual Disabilities. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) system, subjects must be divided into two groups: group with no difficulty (N) and group with difficulty (D) being this classification based on performances obtained in a conventional table (CT) soccer. Three tasks, with different levels of difficulty, were proposed for performance evaluation. Experimental results were obtained on the basis of the task execution in both a CT and a robotics table (RT) soccer. All participants were able to perform tasks with the joystick on the RT soccer and the automatic evaluation system identified differences in reaction times with and without red color flag in the participants, on RT soccer. One of the tasks was completely performed by all the participants by using the RT soccer.

Effect of Two Different Pose Estimation Approaches on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Professional Dancers

Different algorithms can be used to estimate the pose of musculoskeletal models in biomechanical studies. Visual 3D uses segment optimization whereas OpenSim uses global optimization. Thus, our purpose was to study whether the two approaches would influence the estimation of lower extremity biomechanical parameters. Marker trajectories and ground reaction forces of 6 professional dancers were collected during a single-leg forward jump-landing. The same data set was processed using both approaches. Our findings suggested that the sagittal knee and ankle angles and moments were highly comparable between the two approaches. The ankle sagittal angle and moment showed the lowest offset. On the other hand, the choice of a kinematic model was likely to affect the hip, more evident in the frontal and transverse planes. This may be due to different factors such as the pelvis and femur positions or larger amount of soft tissue in the thigh.

Influence of Ischemia Time in Injury of Deep Peribiliary Glands of the Bile Ducts Graft: A Prospective Study

The deep peribiliary glands (DPBG) are a niche of progenitor cells in the wall of the biliary duct (BD) and are the second line of multiplication when severe lesion of the epithelium occurs. Previous studies have identified DPBG injury as a cause of post-liver transplant (LT) biliary stenosis; this complication is a major cause of post-LT morbidity. The incidence of biliary stenosis in our center is high (38.1%). This study evaluates the lesion of DPBG in response to ischemia. Graft BD was collected in adult LT between August 2016-July 2017, from donation after brain death. Samples of 45 grafts were collected at 2 moments: BD1-during graft preparation and BD2-before biliary anastomosis. Histological analysis of the samples was performed and then classified according to degree of lesion (0, ≤50%, and >50%). A comparison was made between the degree of lesion and graft ischemia, graft histology, donor, and procurement variables. The DPBG lesion was more frequent in BD2 (20.9% vs 7%, P = .079). BD2 lesions with DPBG lesions had higher medians and means at all times of ischemia. The difference was greater in the warm ischemia time (0: 43.3 ± 12.53 minutes vs ≤50%: 52.4 ± 14.38 minutes, P = .068). The group of BD1 with DPBG lesion presented superior median cold ischemia time (CIT). In the analysis of the remaining variables there were also no statistically significant differences. We concluded that during the period of CIT there is already lesion of the DPBG, which increases after reperfusion of the graft, in greater association with longer warm ischemia time.

Inflammatory bowel diseases: time of diagnosis, environmental factors, clinical course, and management - a follow-up study in a private inflammatory bowel disease center (2003-2017)

BACKGROUND

The governmental program of Brazilian Unified National Health System has already published studies on the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but up until now, there have been no epidemiological studies in private centers in Brazil. However, these diseases tend to affect people from a higher socioeconomic class, mainly in the capital of MS state that has the third highest GDP in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES

The aim was to analyze an observational, descriptive study of an IBD database in a private center including: the side, behavior of the disease and medical management, the association of extra-intestinal manifestations, and the main clinical symptoms which led to the investigation and diagnosis of IBD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A cohort study was developed in which data of all patients with IBD were analyzed with SPSS software in a constructed electronic database.

RESULTS

Of 329 patients, 212 (64.4%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 117 (35.6%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). Average age at diagnosis of CD was 36.19 (±14.33) and of UC was 41.61 (±15.37). An amount of 50.05% of the patients with CD and 72.7% (P<0.001) with UC were female. We have observed that concerning the first symptoms, diahrrea and blood feces corresponded to 70% in UC while in CD 50% of the patients presented diahrrea with blood feces, loss of weight corresponded to 50% and only diahrrea 25%. (P<0.001). Anti-TNFs corresponded to 56.2% being more frequent in CD 0.001%. CD patients used biologic therapy and antibiotics more frequently than those with UC. In conclusion, IBD is also frequent in private health care centers in Brazil; women are most affected. Symptoms such as diarrhea and bleeding, as well as diarrhea and weight loss, must be taken as warning signs to investigate for inflammatory disease. The use of biologic therapies is frequent in referral centers when patients have severe disease.

Clinical and pathological aspects of gossypiboma in a dog: case report

ABSTRACT A female dog was treated at the Veterinary Hospital Governador Laudo Natel for symptomscaused by an intra-abdominal gossypiboma (gossypium: cotton; boma: place of hiding). Showing high morbidity and mortality, the gossypiboma is a granulomatous reaction that is formed in response to exposure to a textile matrix. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical and pathological findings of an intra-abdominal gossypiboma in a female dog. This patient arrived at urgent care showing increased abdominal volume, pain, and cachexia. Ultrasonography showed a regular contour formation that could not be completely delimited. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and died in the postoperative period. The gossypiboma had a smooth, firm, and purple-gray exterior surface. Microscopy revealed a severe reaction of desmoplasia around the necrotic region, residual textile material, and adipose tissue. Negligence by veterinarians leading to this condition can result in patients’ death as well as causing psychological damage to owners.

Cross-Cultural Validation of Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment Portuguese Version

Background: Participation is a major pediatric rehabilitation goal according to The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Children and Youth version (ICF-CY). ICF-based leisure participation measures for Portuguese-speaking children with cerebral palsy are currently not available. The aim of this study is to assess validity and reliability of the Portuguese (European) version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Methods: CAPE Portuguese version was applied to 170 children with cerebral palsy (n = 69) and typical development (n = 101) aged between 8 and 18 years (mean = 12.5 years; SD = 2.91). Construct validity was assessed by using the know-groups method and the correlation between participation and quality of life. Reliability was determined by internal consistency and test-retest. Results: CAPE discriminates between participation scores of children with cerebral palsy and typical development. A positive correlation was found between participation frequency and physical well-being. Internal consistency was not entirely satisfactory but comparable with that from the original CAPE study. Test-retest reliability was considered good. Conclusions: CAPE Portuguese (European) version showed satisfactory validity and test-retest reliability to assess leisure participation in children with cerebral palsy and typical development aged between 8 and 18 years.

Corrigendum: Cross-Cultural Validation of Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment Portuguese Version

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00033.].

The Immediate Effects of a Dynamic Orthosis on Gait Patterns in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Kinematic Analysis

This study analyzes the immediate effects of wearing a Therasuit on sagittal plane lower limb angular displacements during gait in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (US-CP). Seven participants (median age = 7.00 years; ranging from 5.83 to 9.00 years) with US-CP, levels I and II of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, were assessed with kinematic gait analysis in three different conditions: (A) Baseline; (B) Therasuit without elastics and (C) Therasuit with elastics. Significant improvements were observed at the hip joint of both lower limbs during most of the gait cycle in participants wearing a Therasuit, including a decrease in the flexion pattern at the initial contact and swing phase in both lower limbs, and an increase in the extension pattern in the paretic lower limb during the stance phase. At the knee joint in the paretic lower limb, significant differences were found between the baseline and Therasuit with elastics conditions on the knee angle at initial contact, and between baseline and both Therasuit conditions on the flexion angle at swing phase. However, the inter-individual variability in kinematic patterns at the knee joint was high. At the ankle joint, decreased plantar flexion at initial contact and increased dorsiflexion during stance and swing phases were observed at the Therasuit with elastics condition, helping to correct the equinus-foot in the paretic lower limb during the whole gait cycle. The Z-values showed large effect sizes particularly for most of the angular hip variables in both lower limbs and for the angular ankle variables in the paretic lower limb. The Therasuit seems to have some positive immediate effects on gait kinematics in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy by providing a more functional and safer gait pattern. Future investigations with larger samples are recommended to further support these findings.

Influence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antimicrobial Agents on Biofilm Formation in Indwelling Medical Devices

Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida spp. are two of the most frequent factors of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices. Several strategies have been proposed and/or developed to prevent infection. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of anti-microbial agents on biofilm formation.

Biofilms of three strains of S. epidermidis and two of both Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were formed in the presence of three antibiotics and two antifungal agents respectively. Based on the control samples, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition by the different agents was determined and compared.

The results showed that the influence of the antibacterial and antifungal agents tested is strain dependent, with the effect of the different agents also varying among strains, even though they have the same mechanism of action.

Detection of latent infections caused by Colletotrichum sp. in olive fruit

AIMS

To set up a practical method to detect latent infections of Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of olive anthracnose, on olives before the onset of disease symptoms.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Freezing, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol and ethylene treatments were evaluated to detect latent infections on inoculated and naturally infected olive fruit by Colletotrichum sp. as non-hazardous alternatives to paraquat. Treatments were conducted using fruit of cultivars Arbequina and Hojiblanca. The disease incidence and T₅₀ were calculated. Dipping in NaOH 0·05% solution and the paraquat method were the most effective treatments on both inoculated and naturally infected fruit, although the value of T₅₀ was lower for the NaOH method than for the paraquat method in one of the experiments. Subsequently, the dipping time in NaOH 0·05% was evaluated. Longer dipping times in NaOH 0·05% were better than shorter ones in cultivar Arbequina, with 72 h being the most effective in cultivar Hojiblanca.

CONCLUSIONS

NaOH solution is a practical method to detect latent infections of Colletotrichum sp. on immature olive fruit.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This study is relevant because we set up a viable, non-hazardous alternative to paraquat to detect latent infections of Colletotrichum sp. using NaOH. The use of NaOH is a simple and eco-friendly tool that allows the determination of the level of latent infections by Colletotrichum in olives. Therefore, our method will be useful in decision-making processes for disease management before the appearance of the first visible symptoms.

Reliability, Stability and Validity of the Brazilian Adaptation of the Oliveira Questionnaire on Low Back Pain in Young People

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study was to adapt the Brazilian version, and verify the validity, reliability and internal consistency of the Oliveira questionnaire on low back pain in young people.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The questionnaire was translated from European Portuguese into Brazilian Portuguese by means of translation and re-translation. The validity of the contents was determined by experts who analyzed the clarity and pertinence of the questions. Fifteen young people aged 15 to 18 took part in the pre-test step (qualitative analysis), 40 in the test-retest (reliability) and 679 in the evaluation of internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used in the reliability analysis (test-retest), and Cronbach's alpha to determine the internal consistency (stability).

RESULTS

In the translation phase the questionnaire was modified and considered suitable, observing similarity and equivalence of the two versions. After being corrected by the experts in the validation of the contents, the instrument was considered suitable and valid, and in the pre-test, the young people suggested some modifications to make the questionnaire more succinct. With respect to reliability, the values for the intra-class correlation coefficient were between 0.512 - acceptable and 1 - excellent and Spearman's correlation coefficient varied between 0.525 and 1, classifying the instrument as reproducible. The internal consistency was considered acceptable with a 0.757 Cronbach's alpha.

DISCUSSION

The Oliveira questionnaire was choosen since it has been used in several Portuguese studies; moreover, it addresses the need to raise data regarding low back pain and associated risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The Brazilian version of the Oliveira questionnaire on low back pain in young people showed valid and reliable cultural adaptation, with good reliability and stability.

First record of Cynoscion regalis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) in Portuguese continental waters

The occurrence of Cynoscion regalis in Portuguese continental waters is reported for the first time, with six specimens collected in 2015 from three areas: Tagus Estuary, Sado Estuary and Praia da Vieira (central-west coast). Analyses of morphometric and meristic characteristics confirmed all six specimens as C. regalis; further validation was obtained by sequencing a 675 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. These records constitute a range extension of C. regalis into the southern north-east Atlantic Ocean.

Epitelização de enxertos cutâneos em feridas recentes de coelhos tratados com membrana amniótica canina e/ou laserterapia

RESUMO A enxertia cutânea é uma técnica cirúrgica simples e bastante útil para o reparo de feridas, principalmente aquelas onde existe dificuldade da aplicação do fechamento primário ou de outras técnicas reconstrutivas. Entretanto, para a sobrevivência do enxerto, é necessário que o leito da ferida esteja saudável e com presença de tecido de granulação exuberante. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação da membrana amniótica e da laserterapia como potenciais estimulantes da cicatrização em enxertos aplicados em feridas sem tecido de granulação. Foram utilizados 42 coelhos, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana (GM), grupo laser (GL) e grupo membrana e laser (GML), submetidos a avaliações macro e microscópicas. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi possível notar que os pacientes dos grupos nos quais a membrana amniótica foi utilizada (GM e GML) apresentaram evidências associadas à acentuada reação inflamatória, à falha de integração do enxerto e à consequente necrose dele. Já os pacientes do GL apresentaram melhor aspecto do enxerto no último dia de avaliação. Na análise microscópica, observou-se intensa integração do enxerto à derme, reepitelização acentuada e escassas células inflamatórias no local do enxerto no GL. O contrário foi observado nos pacientes do GM e GML, nos quais aparentemente houve rejeição da membrana. A formação de colágeno não se correlacionou com outros fatores, como inflamação e necrose, em nenhum dos grupos de tratamento. Dessa forma, é possível afirmar que a laserterapia mostrou ser efetiva, contribuindo para o processo cicatricial e a integração do enxerto. Já a membrana amniótica canina não deve ser utilizada para esse fim, pois provoca intensa reação inflamatória, além de impedir a nutrição do enxerto.

Postural habits and weight of backpacks of Portuguese adolescents: Are they associated with scoliosis and low back pain?

BACKGROUND

The adoption of incorrect postures or carrying overweight backpacks may contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders in school children.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated the weight of backpacks and the postural habits adopted in schools by Portuguese adolescents, and their association with scoliosis and low back pain (LBP).

METHOD

The sample comprised 966 Portuguese students, aged between 10 and 16 years. The instruments included a questionnaire to characterize the presence of LBP and the postural habits adopted by students, the weighing of backpacks and a scoliometer to evaluate scoliosis.

RESULTS

No association was observed between assuming incorrect postures and carrying overweight backpacks, in students with scoliosis. Students who adopted incorrect sitting postures had 1.77 times the risk (95% CI: 1.32-2.36; p < 0.001) of developing LBP; those positioned incorrectly whilst watching TV and playing games had 1.44 times the risk (95% CI: 1.08-1.90; p = 0.012) of developing LBP; and those standing incorrectly had 2.39 the risk (95% CI: 1.52-3.78; p < 0.001) of developing LBP.

CONCLUSIONS

The results revealed that students who sat with the spine positioned wrongly, as well as those who were standing incorrectly, were more likely to present with LBP.

A New Technique for Preserving the Form of Artificially Inflated Endophalli of Bees

We present a simple technique for keeping the form of artificially expanded endophalli in bees (Hymenoptera). Endophalli were inflated using the introduction of low melting-point agarose from a syringe inserted in the anterior opening of the metasoma. Under refrigeration, the endophalli kept their expanded shape for up to three days allowing the description of structure, morphometric analyses, and examination of the external sculpturing of the cuticle under scanning electron microscope. The technique provides new possibilities for the study of functional morphology, sexual selection, and reconstruction of bee phylogeny.

The Relationship Between Muscular Strength and Dance Injuries: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

The physical demands placed on dancers put them at significant risk for injury, with rates similar to ones sustained by athletes in sports at the same level of performance. Muscle strength has been suggested to play a preventative role against injury in dancers.

OBJECTIVE

To systematically search and examine the available evidence on the protective role of muscle strength in dance injuries.

METHODS

Five electronic databases and two dance-specific science publications were screened up to September 2015. Study selection was based on a priori inclusion criteria on the relation between muscle strength components and injuries. Methodologic quality and level of evidence were assessed using the Downs and Black (DB) checklist and the Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2011 model.

RESULTS

From 186 titles found, only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for review. Because of the significant heterogeneity of the included studies, meta-analysis was deemed inappropriate. The DB quality assessment results ranged from 18.7% to 75% (mean 42.3±16.9) and the OCEBM between 2b and 4. Some level 2b evidence from 2 studies suggested that pre-professional ballet dancers who get injured exhibit lower overall muscle strength scores on the lower extremity, and that lower extremity power gains may be associated with decreased bodily pain but not injury rate.

CONCLUSIONS

Although there might be an association trend toward low muscle strength and dance injuries, the nature of that relation remains unclear, and presently the state of knowledge does not provide a solid basis for designing interventions for prevention.

Note. Colonisation of Bench Cover Materials by Salmonella typhimurium

Due to the increasing requirements of food safety, it is of utmost importance to know the mechanisms that can determine the occurrence of the phenomenon commonly assigned by cross contamination, which can be expressed by the transference of harmful substances or microorganisms to the human food chain. This is particularly susceptible during food preparation, because it can occur by the transference of the pathogen microorganisms from food to the surfaces where they had been prepared, and from there to foods initially not contaminated, therefore initiating the cycle. This study attempted to investigate the colonisation by Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 of marble and granite, two materials commonly used as bench covers in kitchens of many countries. These materials were selected because there is a lack of studies in the literature about their ability for bacterial colonisation. In addition, the colonisation of stainless steel (SS) 304, a material usually studied, was also analysed in terms of comparison. Surface hydrophobicity and roughness were determined in order to explain the differences in the extent of adhesion. The results showed that SS was the material with a greater extent of colonisation by S. typhimurium, followed by marble and, almost to the same extent, by granite. S. typhimurium adheres to a greater extent to the most hydrophobic material and to the material with roughest surface.