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Rivas N, Antonio-Campos A, Noguez-García J, Alejandre-Aguilar R. First record of Triatoma longipennis, Usinger, 1939 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Tecozautla, Hidalgo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e00782023. [PMID: 37493734 PMCID: PMC10367212 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0078-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the presence of Triatoma longipennis for the first time in two localities in Hidalgo, Mexico. METHODS This study was conducted at Tecozautla municipality, Hidalgo. Collection was performed in April 2022. RESULTS We collected eight triatomines from Guadalupe: two fourth-instar nymphs, three fifth-instar nymphs, one female, and two males. In San Miguel Caltepantla, a female was collected inside a dwelling. One sample tested positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the need to investigate the dynamics of this species with respect to the inhabitants of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Noguez-García
- Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
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Alejandre-Aguilar R, Antonio-Campos A, Noguez-García J, Rivas N. Triatoma pallidipennis (Stål, 1872) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and its potential for infestation in Tecozautla, Hidalgo state, Mexico. J Vector Ecol 2023; 48:1-6. [PMID: 37255353 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-48.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma pallidipennis is an exclusive and widely distributed species in Mexico and one of the three main vectors that transmit Chagas disease in the country. The state of Hidalgo is an endemic area for Chagas disease where the presence of several species of triatomines has been reported. The objective of our work was to describe the morphology, colonization process, and reproductive behavior of T. pallidipennis in Guadalupe, Tecozautla, two years after the first collection of a specimen in this region. A total of 28 specimens was collected at both domicile and peridomicile, showing a 17.8% infection rate. The main collection site was a woodshed, and despite the collection of adults in the dwelling, we did not find eggs, exuviae, or nymphs. One female monitored from collection day until death laid 566 eggs, with a hatching rate of 95%, showing an increase of oviposition when cohabited with a male. The results showed the capacity that T. pallidipennis has to infest areas (mainly human dwellings) when it settles down, which would imply a risk for the population that lives in the locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Noguez-García
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México,
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3
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Torres-Ruiz J, Alcalá-Carmona B, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Gómez-Martín D. Inflammatory myopathies and beyond: The dual role of neutrophils in muscle damage and regeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113214. [PMID: 36923415 PMCID: PMC10008923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues of the human body and is responsible for the generation of movement. Muscle injuries can lead to severe disability. Skeletal muscle is characterized by an important regeneration capacity, which is possible due to the interaction between the myoblasts and immune cells. Neutrophils are fundamental as inducers of muscle damage and as promoters of the initial inflammatory response which eventually allows the muscle repair. The main functions of the neutrophils are phagocytosis, respiratory burst, degranulation, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). An overactivation of neutrophils after muscle injuries may lead to an expansion of the initial damage and can hamper the successful muscle repair. The importance of neutrophils as inducers of muscle damage extends beyond acute muscle injury and recently, neutrophils have become more relevant as part of the immunopathogenesis of chronic muscle diseases like idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases is characterized by the presence of muscle inflammation with a variable amount of extramuscular features. In IIM, neutrophils have been found to have a role as biomarkers of disease activity, and their expansion in peripheral blood is related to certain clinical features like interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cancer. On the other hand, low density granulocytes (LDG) are a distinctive subtype of neutrophils characterized by an enhanced production of NETs. These cells along with the NETs have also been related to disease activity and certain clinical features like ILD, vasculopathy, calcinosis, dermatosis, and cutaneous ulcers. The role of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of IIM is supported by an enhanced production and deficient degradation of NETs that have been observed in patients with dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase syndrome. Finally, new interest has arisen in the study of other phenotypes of LDG with a phenotype corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which were also found to be expanded in patients with IIM and were related to disease activity. In this review, we discuss the role of neutrophils as both orchestrators of muscle repair and inducers of muscle damage, focusing on the immunopathogenesis of IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Torres-Cifuentes DM, Antonio-Campos A, Farfán-Pira KJ, Sánchez-Cordero V, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Heteroduplex assay of cytochrome b expanding the toolbox for the identification of triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) vectors of Chagas disease. J Vector Ecol 2022; 47:235-238. [PMID: 36314680 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Milena Torres-Cifuentes
- Instituto de Investigación sobre la Salud Pública, Universidad de la Sierra Sur (UNSIS), Sistema de Universidades Estatales de Oaxaca (SUNEO). Guillermo Rojas Mijangos s/n, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 70800 Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Calle Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, Mexico
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Copilco 3000. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Keity J Farfán-Pira
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo y de Sistemas, Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Copilco 3000. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Calle Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Calle Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, Mexico,
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Rivas N, Martínez-Hernández F, Antonio-Campos A, Sánchez-Cordero V, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Genetic diversity in peridomiciliary populations of Triatoma mexicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in central Mexico. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2875-2886. [PMID: 35930043 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma mexicana is an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi-the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This triatomine species occurs in central Mexico, but little is known about its genetic variability. Using Cyt-b gene as a genetic marker, in this study, we determined the population genetic structure of T. mexicana collected from the States of Hidalgo, Guanajuato, and Queretaro where populations are largely peridomiciliary. A Bayesian approach was performed for the design of phylogenies, median-joining networks, and clustering among populations of T. mexicana. Our results show that the Hidalgo population was the most distinct, with the highest genetic and haplotypic variation (Hd = 0.963, π = 0.06129, and ɵ = 0.05469). Moderate gene flow (Nm) was determined among populations of Hidalgo and Queretaro. Populations from the three states showed differentiation (FST) values ranging from 0.22 to 0.3, suggesting an important genetic differentiation. The phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of five well-defined groups, as well as the haplotype network, where 24 haplotypes were observed forming five haplogroups with high mutational steps among them: 68 (Hgo-W2), 26 (Qto), 59 (Hgo-M), 44 (Hgo-W1), and 46 (Gto). Genetic isolation was apparently inferred in the Guanajuato population; however, the Mantel test did not show correlation between genetic (FST) and geographic (km) distances (p = 0.05). The STRUCTURE analyses showed seven genetic clusters and it was observed that a single cluster predominates in each sampled location. However, genetic admixture was detected in four localities. Our results show evidence that there are multiple species within the collected sampling area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio Y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, CP 14080, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio Y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.,Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Copilco 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Copilco 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio Y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
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Rivas N, Cuatepotzo-Jiménez V, Noguéz-García J, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Triatoma protracta woodi Usinger, 1939 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): new report on the state of Hidalgo, México. J Vector Ecol 2022; 47:130-132. [PMID: 36629365 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vanessa Cuatepotzo-Jiménez
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - Julio Noguéz-García
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México,
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7
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Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Jiménez-Ortega RF, Martínez-Martínez E, Rivas N, Contreras-López EA, Carbó R, Sánchez F, Bojalil R, Márquez-Velasco R, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Circulating miR-146a as a possible candidate biomarker in the indeterminate phase of Chagas disease. Biol Res 2021; 54:21. [PMID: 34289913 PMCID: PMC8293491 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is considered important and presents intense inflammatory and fibrotic processes induced by the perpetuation of the parasite in the affected tissues and organs. Therefore, it is necessary to inquire about the host defense and attack mechanisms to have a more detailed knowledge about Chagas disease. MicroRNAs are found in blood, tissues and extracellular vesicles. These small regulators of gene expression are involved in physiological and pathological processes in both mammals and parasites. Several microRNAs have deregulated expression in chagasic heart disease, although little is known about their extracellular expression. Our main objective was to evaluate the involvement of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 in several samples from mice infected with the TcI Ninoa strain from the acute and indeterminate phases. We also explored a potential functional association of the selected microRNAs using STRING software. This software identified 23 pathways associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In addition, eleven genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and we found that SMAD family member 5 was downregulated in both phases. This gene serves as a mediator in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, forty female mice of the CD1 strain were distributed into 4 groups and the expression levels of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 were measured in samples of heart tissue, total plasma and plasma extracellular vesicles by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 was observed in heart and plasma in both phases. Moreover, in extracellular vesicles miR-21 and miR-146a were also overexpressed in the acute phase, whereas in the indeterminate chronic phase we found only miR-146a up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The expression of inflammatory microRNAs miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 were up-regulated in each of the samples from acutely and chronically infected mice. The relevant finding was that miR-146a was up-regulated in each sample in both phases; therefore, this miRNA could be a possible candidate biomarker in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Alicia Ballinas-Verdugo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico. .,Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Frank Jiménez-Ortega
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Plantel Texcoco, Universidad Privada del Estado de México, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Rivas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, CDMX, México
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, CDMX, México
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.,Sección de Postgraduados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
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8
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Padilla-Valdez JM, Antonio-Campos A, Arias-Del-Angel JA, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Susceptibility dynamics between five Trypanosoma cruzi strains and three triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species. J Vector Ecol 2021; 46:82-95. [PMID: 35229585 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted mainly by blood-sucking insects belonging to the subfamily Triatominae. The importance of this parasite lies in its wide geographical distribution, high morbidity, and the fact that there has not yet been an effective treatment or vaccine. Previous studies have detailed the interactions between different triatomine species and T. cruzi strains. However, the factors necessary to establish infection in triatomines have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is postulated that the coexistence between the parasite and triatomines could modulate the susceptibility to infection in these insects. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the susceptibility to T. cruzi infection in the species Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis, Triatoma barberi, and Triatoma lecticularia, which were infected with Ninoa, H8, INC-5, Sontecomapan, and Hueypoxtla strains. The criteria used to establish susceptibility were the amount of blood ingested by the insects, percentage of infected triatomines, concentration of parasites in feces, and percentage of metacyclic trypomastigotes in feces. These parameters were analyzed by fresh examination and differential count with Giemsa-stained smears. Our main findings suggest the following order of susceptibility concerning infection with T. cruzi: T. lecticularia > T. barberi > T. (Meccus) pallidipennis. Furthermore, the study concludes that an increased susceptibility to infection of triatomines that share the same geographic region with different strains of T. cruzi is not always a fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Padilla-Valdez
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Arias-Del-Angel
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apocada NL, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico,
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Rivas N, Sánchez-Cordero V, Camacho AD, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Morphological and Chromatic Variation in Four Populations of Triatoma mexicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 2021; 58:274-285. [PMID: 32901265 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma mexicana is an endemic species of Mexico and is distributed in the states of Hidalgo, Queretaro, Guanajuato, and San Luis Potosi, being naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, which increases its importance in the region. The species description was made in 1848, but there are only a few studies on its morphology, biology, and behavior. The present manuscript shows the presence of morphological and chromatic variations among populations of T. mexicana from the states of Hidalgo (Valle del Mezquital and Meztitlan), Guanajuato and Queretaro. The study employed 136 specimens collected in four locations. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of the head, pronotum, and scutellum; also, we measured the width of the abdomen and the total length in the specimens of each population. The morphometric analysis considered 19 variables in the previous structures. Significant differences were found in the dimensions of the head and pronotum, but not in the scutellum; there is clear discrimination among the four proposed populations. The chromatic patterns observed in the connexivum go from yellow to brown and show some significant differences related to geographical origin. The set of evaluated characters showed a higher degree of difference in the population of Guanajuato, clearly separating from the rest of the populations, indicating the possibility of a divergence process. The characteristics observed in the remaining populations could be adaptive responses to their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Victor Sánchez-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Zona Deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro D Camacho
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico
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10
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Tamay-Segovia P, Blum-Domínguez S, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Núñez-Oreza LA, Sarabia-Alcocer B, Chan-Puc VJ. New report of Eratyrus cuspidatus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in the State of Campeche, Mexico. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190299. [PMID: 31994663 PMCID: PMC7083372 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0299-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Triatomine bugs are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the
etiological agent of Chagas disease. METHODS: Triatomine bugs were collected and identified following established
protocols. In addition, infection with T. cruzi was
detected by microscopic and molecular analysis. RESULTS: We captured an adult male specimen of the Eratyrus
cuspidatus species that has not been reported in the state of
Campeche. CONCLUSIONS: This finding provides new information on the distribution of E.
cuspidatus in Mexico. However, more studies are needed to
determine their epidemiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulino Tamay-Segovia
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores y Zoonosis. Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche, México
| | - Selene Blum-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Depto. de Parasitología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Alberto Núñez-Oreza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche, México
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Antonio-Campos A, Nicolás-Cruz A, Girón-Arias JI, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Presence of Rhodnius prolixus Stäl, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico, ten years after the certification of its elimination. J Vector Ecol 2019; 44:293-295. [PMID: 31729804 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Lab. Entomología Médica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Nicolás-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca. Av. Universidad s/n. Ex-Hacienda 5 Señores, C.P. 68120, Oaxaca de Juárez, México
| | - José Ignacio Girón-Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca. Av. Universidad s/n. Ex-Hacienda 5 Señores, C.P. 68120, Oaxaca de Juárez, México
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Lab. Entomología Médica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Lab. Entomología Médica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
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Antonio-Campos A, Cuatepotzo-Jiménez V, Noguéz-García J, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rivas N. Distribution of triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) vectors of Chagas disease in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. J Vector Ecol 2019; 44:179-186. [PMID: 31124229 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease represents a significant public health problem in Mexico. In the state of Hidalgo, studies on the presence of triatomines are scarce and restricted to a few locations. To determine the risk of transmission in the state of Hidalgo and stratify the vector potential, the distribution of Triatominae was surveyed from 2015 to 2016 in collaboration with primary health care services and local communities. A total of 570 specimens was collected in 278 houses in 25 municipalities. The species of Triatominae detected were T. dimidiata with 391 samples, T. mexicana with 159 samples, T. gerstaeckeri with 17 samples, and T. barberi with three samples. The samples were collected in domestic and peridomestic areas. The general index of natural infection was 9.8%. Indices of colonization and crowding were determined for species and municipality and results were variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Antonio-Campos
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vanessa Cuatepotzo-Jiménez
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - Julio Noguéz-García
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Hidalgo, Servicios de Salud Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
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González-Guzmán S, Paredes-Cervantes V, Bagu ET, Crescencio-Trujillo JA, Guerra-Marquez Á, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Bermúdez-Torres E, González-Cano P. Seroprevalence and geographical distribution of sero-positive blood donors to Trypanosoma cruzi at the central blood bank of the National Medical Center "La Raza". Transfusion 2018; 59:639-647. [PMID: 30520031 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease endemic to Latin-America. It is estimated that 1.0 to 1.5% of Mexicans are infected with T. cruzi, which constitutes a potential risk of disease transmission via contaminated blood. New cases are being reported worldwide due to the migration of infected people from endemic areas. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serum samples were collected from donors at the Central Blood Bank of the National Medical Center "La Raza" from July 2008 to December 2015 and analyzed for T. cruzi antibodies using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays. Blood donors were classified serologically as either negative or positive for Chagas disease based on the Official Mexican Standard NOM-032-SSA2-2014. The geographical distribution of sero-positive donors for Chagas disease was then determined based on the donor's areas of residence. RESULTS Of the 510, 047 donors, 595 tested positive for Chagas disease. We found a prevalence of 0.12%, was higher in males (0.13%) than females (0.08%) In both genders, there were more sero-positive donors aged 51-65 years as compared to other age groups. Overall there were more positive donors from the State of Mexico, northern area of Mexico City, and southern area of Hidalgo State, with rates of 67.4%, 20.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors attending to La Raza BB is low. Chagas disease is more prevalent in the older age groups; most sero-positive donors are from areas considered non-endemic to Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl González-Guzmán
- Laboratorio del Banco Central de Sangre del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Zumpango, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Urgencias del Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edward Tshima Bagu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillon, South Dakota, USA
| | - José A Crescencio-Trujillo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Zumpango, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ángel Guerra-Marquez
- Banco Central de Sangre del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Departamento de Parasitología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Departamento de Parasitología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia González-Cano
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de "La Cañada", Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Rivas N, González-Guzmán S, Alejandre-Aguilar R. First record of Triatoma barberi Usinger, 1939 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in northern State of Mexico, Mexico. J Vector Ecol 2018; 43:337-339. [PMID: 30408287 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saúl González-Guzmán
- Laboratorio del Banco Central de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Ciudad de México
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Estado de México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Toussaint-Caire S, Woroszylski-Yoselevitz A, Vega-Memije ME, Villalobos G, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Imported and Autochthonous Cases of Myiasis Caused by Dermatobia hominis: Taxonomic Identification Using the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:940-944. [PMID: 30062994 PMCID: PMC6159586 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatobia hominis is a fly endemic to and widely distributed throughout the Americas; it is found from the southern regions of Mexico to Argentina. However, because of widespread travel, myiasis has become common in countries where neither the disease nor the species that cause this infection are endemic. Central Mexico, for instance, is not a region where myiasis is endemic. We, thus, describe three cases of D. hominis myiasis: two autochthonous cases from the southern part of Mexico and one imported from Costa Rica. In addition, morphological and genetic identification was performed on the maggots extracted from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Toussaint-Caire
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Maria Elisa Vega-Memije
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Rivas N, Sánchez-Cordero V, Camacho AD, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Morphological and morphometric analysis of scutella of six species and two subspecies of Triatoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mexico. J Vector Ecol 2017; 42:308-318. [PMID: 29125251 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphological characters can be used to distinguish the vast majority of triatomine species, but the existence of high levels of phenotypic plasticity and recently diverged species can lead to erroneous determinations. To approach this problem, we analyzed the male and female morphologies of the scutella of Triatoma barberi, T. dimidiata, T. lecticularia, T. mexicana, T. recurva, T. rubida, and two sub-species, T. protracta protracta and T. protracta nahuatlae. Scutellum samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy and subjected to morphological analysis and morphometric investigation using a canonical discriminant analysis. The results revealed differences primarily in central depression shape, posterior process, and vestiture. We observed clear dimension-based differences in scutellum morphometry in all the taxa under study, providing sound evidence for species and subspecies differentiation. On the other hand, there is no difference between sexes in T. lecticularia, T. protracta protracta, and T. protracta nahuatlae. Our methodology can be implemented to differentiate species of the genus Triatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, México
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Alejandro D Camacho
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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González-Guzmán S, Pichardo-Ávila S, Mimbrera-Rodríguez E, Crescencio-Trujillo JA, Gasca-Leyva MDL, Martínez-Hernández F, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Seroprevalence of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the North of Estado de Mexico. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:839-842. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0512-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl González-Guzmán
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico; Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Mexico
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18
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Rivas N, Sánchez-Cordero V, Camacho AD, Alejandre-Aguilar R. External female genitalia of six species of the genus Meccus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). J Vector Ecol 2017; 42:271-278. [PMID: 29125242 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triatomine classification is based on morphological characteristics. Studies have been conducted to improve their identification by observing many characteristics. However, there are problems of differentiating among highly interrelated species and new criteria are required. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological differences in the external female genitalia of M. pallidipennis, M. longipennis, M. picturatus, M. bassolsae, M. mazzottii, and M. phyllosomus in order to distinguish among species using scanning electron microscopy. Observations were made of the dorsal, posterior, lateral, and ventral views of the female external genitalia for each species. In the six species we studied, relevant differences were observed in the dorsal view of the X segment, as well as the IX, VIII, and VII tergites. In the posterior and lateral view, the most visible differences were registered in the gonocoxite size of the segments VIII, IX, and X. Finally, in the ventral view of the VII sternite, differences among species were observed in the size of the inflection in the top and upper corner. Our results show that it was possible to differentiate among the triatominae species for each of the four views by using a scanning electron microscope to analyze morphological characteristics of the VII, VIII, IX, and X abdomen segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Lab. Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Depto. Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col., Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Sánchez-Cordero
- Lab. Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Depto. Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Alejandro D Camacho
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col., Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Lab. Entomología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col., Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
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Martínez-Hernández F, López-Díaz O, Bello-Bedoy R, Villalobos G, Muñoz-García CI, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Suzán G, Villanueva-García C, Gama-Campillo LM, Díaz-Negrete MT, Rendón-Franco E. Possible Differences in the Effects of Trypanosoma cruzi on Blood Cells and Serum Protein of Two Wildlife Reservoirs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:709-716. [PMID: 27656956 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step in the dynamics of vector-borne diseases is the role of seasonality. Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan that causes Chagas disease. Some wild mammals are considered natural hosts, yet not all mammals show the same response to infection. We explored the effect of T. cruzi on blood parameters in two mammal carnivores, coati (Nasua narica) and raccoon (Procyon lotor), that were naturally infected in summer and winter seasons. The study was carried out in the Zoological Park "Parque Museo de la Venta," in Southeastern Mexico. Blood samples were collected in summer and winter from 2010 to 2013. Parasite infection was assessed by PCR from whole blood, and a complete hemogram was determined by traditional manual methods. We found that both species had the same T. cruzi I lineage. For coatis, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and monocytes were dependent of season, while eosinophils and plasma proteins were significantly different, but with no season effect. For raccoon, erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and monocytes were dependent of season. These results and a previous study that indicated interspecific differences in parasitemia in both species suggest that raccoon is a better reservoir than coati. Such a different interspecific response implies that animals do not contribute equally to maintain T. cruzi parasites in the ecosystem. Such inequality differs according to season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martínez-Hernández
- 1 Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González , México City, México
| | - Osvaldo López-Díaz
- 2 Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco , México City, México
| | - Rafael Bello-Bedoy
- 3 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California , Ensenada, México
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- 4 Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria , México City, México
| | - Claudia I Muñoz-García
- 2 Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco , México City, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- 5 Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , México City, México
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- 4 Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria , México City, México
| | - Ana E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- 6 CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública , Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- 7 Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria , México City, México
| | - Claudia Villanueva-García
- 8 Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Villahermosa, México
| | - Lilia M Gama-Campillo
- 8 Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Villahermosa, México
| | - Mariela T Díaz-Negrete
- 9 Dirección General de Zoológicos y Vida Silvestre, Zoológico de Chapultepec , México City, México
| | - Emilio Rendón-Franco
- 2 Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco , México City, México
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Rivas N, Sánchez-Espíndola E, Camacho AD, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Comparative egg morphology of six Meccus species and Triatoma recurva (Stål, 1868) Hemiptera: Reduviidae. J Vector Ecol 2016; 41:135-141. [PMID: 27232136 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the morphology and morphometry of eggs from the colonies of the Entomology Laboratory at ENCB-IPN belonging to six species of the genus Meccus and Triatoma recurva, using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Egg ornamentation is an important parameter to consider in the differentiation of species. Samples were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Measurements of fifty eggs per species included length, width, and opercular diameter, which were used for the morphometric analysis. The results showed that the seven species display a polygonal ornamentation dominated by hexagons; the operculum shows also a polygonal ornamental characteristic in each species. Morphometry provided valuable information for discriminating between closely related species of the genus Meccus and Triatoma recurva, a species akin to this group, thereby facilitating the complete discrimination of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, C.P. 11340, México
| | | | - Alejandro D Camacho
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, C.P. 11340, México
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21
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Nogueda-Torres B, Licón-Trillo Á, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Salazar-Schettino PM, Vences-Blanco MO. Biological aspects of crosses between Triatoma recurva (Stål), 1868 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) and other members of the Phyllosoma complex. J Vector Ecol 2015; 40:117-122. [PMID: 26047191 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree of reproductive isolation between Triatoma recurva (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) and the six species of the genus Meccus plus T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) was examined. Fertility and the segregation of morphological characteristics were examined in two generations of hybrids from crosses between these species. The percentage of couples with offspring (fertile) was low in the vast majority of sets of crosses, with the exception of that between T. recurva female and M. phyllosomus male. In all studied sets of crosses, no first- (F1) or second- (F2) generation individuals were morphologically similar to T. recurva but instead shared the morphology of the other parental species. A similar phenomenon was observed in the three successful sets of backcrosses. These results indicated that different recorded levels of reproductive fitness among T. recurva and the species of Meccus involved in this study, plus T. mexicana, are present and that they were apparently influenced by differing mechanisms of isolation. The presence of some degree of reproductive compatibility between studied triatomines of distinct genera (Meccus spp. and Triatoma spp.) reinforces the need for generic revision of the tribe Triatomini.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Área de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- COFAA Grant Fellow, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D. F., México
| | - Ángel Licón-Trillo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., México
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., México
| | - Mauro Omar Vences-Blanco
- Laboratorio de Biología de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., México
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22
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Aparicio-Burgos JE, Zepeda-Escobar JA, de Oca-Jimenez RM, Estrada-Franco JG, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Ochoa-García L, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rivas N, Peñuelas-Rivas G, Val-Arreola M, Gupta S, Salazar-García F, Garg NJ, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC. Immune protection against Trypanosoma cruzi induced by TcVac4 in a canine model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003625. [PMID: 25853654 PMCID: PMC4390229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in southern parts of the American continent. Herein, we have tested the protective efficacy of a DNA-prime/T. rangeli-boost (TcVac4) vaccine in a dog (Canis familiaris) model. Dogs were immunized with two-doses of DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1 encoding TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens plus IL-12- and GM-CSF-encoding plasmids) followed by two doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated T. rangeli epimastigotes (TrIE); and challenged with highly pathogenic T. cruzi (SylvioX10/4) isolate. Dogs given TrIE or empty pcDNA3.1 were used as controls. We monitored post-vaccination and post-challenge infection antibody response by an ELISA, parasitemia by blood analysis and xenodiagnosis, and heart function by electrocardiography. Post-mortem anatomic and pathologic evaluation of the heart was conducted. TcVac4 induced a strong IgG response (IgG2>IgG1) that was significantly expanded post-infection, and moved to a nearly balanced IgG2/IgG1 response in chronic phase. In comparison, dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only developed high IgG titers with IgG2 predominance in response to T. cruzi infection. Blood parasitemia, tissue parasite foci, parasite transmission to triatomines, electrocardiographic abnormalities were significantly lower in TcVac4-vaccinated dogs than was observed in dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only. Macroscopic and microscopic alterations, the hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease, were significantly decreased in the myocardium of TcVac4-vaccinated dogs. We conclude that TcVac4 induced immunity was beneficial in providing resistance to T. cruzi infection, evidenced by control of chronic pathology of the heart and preservation of cardiac function in dogs. Additionally, TcVac4 vaccination decreased the transmission of parasites from vaccinated/infected animals to triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A. Zepeda-Escobar
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Jimenez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - José G. Estrada-Franco
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Laucel Ochoa-García
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública del Instituto Salud del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Giovanna Peñuelas-Rivas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Margarita Val-Arreola
- Hospital General de Zona No. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Irapuato, México
| | - Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felix Salazar-García
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Nisha J. Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, and Faculty of the Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Toluca, México
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23
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Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Hernández-Martínez S, Espinoza B. Development and glycoprotein composition of the perimicrovillar membrane in Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2014; 43:571-578. [PMID: 25043894 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemipterans and thysanopterans (Paneoptera: Condylognatha) differ from other insects by having an intestinal perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) which extends from the base of the microvilli to the intestinal lumen. The development and composition of the PMM in hematophagous Reduviidae depend on factors related to diet. The PMM may also allow the human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of human Chagas Disease, to establish and develop in this insect vector. We studied the PMM development in the Mexican vector of Chagas Disease, Triatoma (Meccus) pallidipennis. We describe changes in the midgut epithelial cells of insects in response to starvation, and at different times (10, 15 and 20 days) after bloodfeeding. In starved insects, the midguts showed epithelial cells closely connected to each other but apparently free of PMM with some regions being periodic acid-Schiff (PAS-Schiff) positive. In contrast, the PMM was evident and fully developed in the midgut region of insects 15 days after feeding. After this time, the PMM completely covered the microvilli and reached the midgut lumen. At 15 days following feeding the labeled PAS-Schiff increased in the epithelial apex, suggesting an increase in carbohydrates. Lectins as histochemical reagents show the presence of a variety of glycoconjugates including mannose, glucose, galactosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine. Also present were N-acetyl-glucosamine and sialic acid which contribute to the successful establishment and replication or T. cruzi in its insect vectors. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the formation and structure of the PMM is confirmed at 15 days post feeding. Our results confirmed the importance of the feeding processes in the formation of the PMM and showed the nature of the biochemical composition of the vectors' intestine in this important Mexican vector of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlan, CP 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Bertha Espinoza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, D.F., Mexico.
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Martínez-Hernández F, Rendon-Franco E, Gama-Campillo LM, Villanueva-García C, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rivas N, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Muñoz-García CI, Villalobos G. Follow up of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in two mammals species, Nasua narica and Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae): evidence of infection control? Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:405. [PMID: 25174672 PMCID: PMC4161768 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large variety of mammals act as natural reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi (the causal agent of Chagas disease) across the American continent. Related issues are infection and parasite burden in these reservoirs, and whether they are able to control T. cruzi infections. These parameters can indicate the real role of mammals as T. cruzi reservoirs and transmitters. Here, two species of mammals, white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and raccoon (Procyon lotor), were examined for to determine: a) T. cruzi presence, and; b) their ability to control T. cruzi infection. Methods Multiple capture-recaptures of both species were carried out in semi-wild conditions in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, for 5 years. Two samplings per year (summer and winter) took place. Prevalence and pattern of T. cruzi infection were determined by PCR from both mammals’ blood samples. Results Raccoon samples had a higher relative infection values (26.6%) compared to those of white-nosed coati (9.05%), being this difference significant in summer 2012 (P < 0.00001), summer (P = 0.03) and winter 2013 (P = 0.02). Capture and recapture data indicated three infection dynamics: 1) negative–positive-negative infection; 2) positive–negative-positive infection; and 3) positive at all sampling times. Conclusions These results indicate that both coati and raccoons may be able to control T. cruzi infection. Thus, the role as efficient reservoirs could be questioned (at least for those times when mammals are able to tolerate the infection). However, while infected, they may also be able to approach human dwellings and play a role important in linking sylvatic and domestic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Irais Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, UAM-Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col, Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04960, México.
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25
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Rodríguez-Morales O, Pedro-Martínez E, Hernández-Pichardo JE, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Aranda-Fraustro A, Graullera-Rivera V, Arce-Fonseca M. Sperm morphological features associated with chronic Chagas disease in the semen of experimentally infected dogs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:810-5. [PMID: 25114010 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of trypanosomatids in the reproductive systems of different mammals (causing genital lesions in the acute stage of the disease) may predispose the animals to low semen quality. However, there are no studies examining the alterations in the sperm morphological features in the chronic stage of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Knowledge of these aspects is important to understand the other ways of transmission of the Chagas disease. Progressive motility, mass motility, concentration, and sperm morphology of 84 ejaculates of dogs that were chronically infected with T. cruzi were evaluated. Most of the findings were consistent with the reference values and with those obtained from healthy control dogs. The scrotal circumference was not correlated with spermatozoa concentration in the infected animals. In conclusion, the T. cruzi Ninoa (MHOM/MX/1994/Ninoa) strain does not cause significant alterations in the semen quality of dogs experiencing chronic Chagas disease (at concentrations of 5 × 10(4) to 1 × 10(6) parasites per animal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elvia Pedro-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ernesto Hernández-Pichardo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Aranda-Fraustro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Graullera-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Parasitology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Rivas N, Sánchez ME, Martínez-Ibarra A, Camacho AD, Tovar-Soto A, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Morphological study of eggs from five Mexican species and two morphotypes in the genus Triatoma (Laporte, 1832). J Vector Ecol 2013; 38:90-96. [PMID: 23701612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe and compare the morphology and morphometry of the egg exochorion for five species and two morphotypes of Mexican triatomines with scanning electron microscopy. The results show differences in egg ornamentation for each species, including between morphotypes. Polygonal ornamentation was observed in each species, including pentagons, octagons and, in certain cases, a majority of hexagons. We observed small perforations in T. protracta protracta, small spheres on the T. lecticularia polygons, a crown with festoons in T. barberi, and less complex ornamentation in T. mexicana. Through morphometric analysis, significant differences in egg dimensions were determined for the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rivas
- Lab. Entomología Depto. Parasitología ENCB, IPN, México D.F., México
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27
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Villalobos G, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Martínez-Hernández F. Reduvius personatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in a community of Oaxaca state, Mexico. J Vector Ecol 2013; 38:188-189. [PMID: 23701625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiehdani Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Depto. de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D. F., México
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Rodríguez-Morales O, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Reyes PA, Arce-Fonseca M. Trypanosoma cruzi connatal transmission in dogs with Chagas disease: experimental case report. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 11:1365-70. [PMID: 21973028 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi connatal transmission was studied in male and female mongrel dogs. Both dogs were experimentally infected, after which on the 20(th) day, lymphoadenomegaly and fever were found. Four months postinfection, they mated. At this time, Chagas disease was confirmed by two different diagnostic tests. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram taken at the eight postinoculation month showed data consistent with ischemia, local conduction abnormalities and hypertrophy, as well as a diminished ejection fraction and left ventricular dilation, respectively. Four puppies were born and after weaning had weakness, progressive weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Necropsy of all four showed digestive alterations and cardiac dilation. Serology in the offspring was positive for Chagas disease. The histopathological study demonstrated a cardiac chronic inflammatory process, although no parasites were found. Clinical data and serological determinations are consistent with death from advanced Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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29
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Arce-Fonseca M, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Zenteno ERA, Suárez-Flores D, Carrillo-Sánchez SC, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rosales-Encina JL, Reyes PA, Rodríguez-Morales O. Specific humoral and cellular immunity induced by Trypanosoma cruzi DNA immunization in a canine model. Vet Res 2013; 44:15. [PMID: 23497041 PMCID: PMC3601012 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease has a high incidence in Mexico and other Latin American countries. Because one of the most important known methods of prevention is vector control, which has been effective only in certain areas of South America, the development of a vaccine to protect people at risk has been proposed. In this study, we assessed the cellular and humoral immune response generated following immunization with pBCSP and pBCSSP4 plasmids containing the genes encoding a trans-sialidase protein (present in all three forms of T. cruzi) and an amastigote specific glycoprotein, respectively, in a canine model. Thirty-five beagle dogs were divided randomly into 5 groups (n = 7) and were immunized twice intramuscularly with 500 μg of pBCSSP4, pBCSP, pBk-CMV (empty plasmid) or saline solution. Fifteen days after the last immunization the 4 groups were infected intraperitoneally with 500 000 metacyclic trypomastigotes. The fifth group was unimmunized/infected. The parasitaemia in the immunized/infected dogs was for a shorter period (14 vs. 29 days) and the parasite load was lower. The concentration of IgG1 (0.612 ± 0.019 O.D.) and IgG2 (1.167 ± 0.097 O.D.) subclasses was measured (absorbance) 15 days after the last immunization with both recombinant plasmids, the majority of which were IgG2. The treatment of parasites using the serum from dogs immunized with pBCSP and pBCSSP4 plasmids produced 54% (± 11.8) and 68% (± 21.4) complement-mediated lysis, respectively. At 12 h post immunization, an increase in cytokines was not observed; however, vaccination with pBCSSP4 significantly increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 at 9 months post-infection. The recombinant plasmid immunization stimulated the spleen cell proliferation showing a positive stimulatory index above 2.0. In conclusion, immunization using both genes effectively induces a humoral and cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No, 1, Col, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico.
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30
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Rodríguez-Morales O, Pérez-Leyva MM, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Carrillo-Sánchez SC, Rosales-Encina JL, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Reyes PA, Arce-Fonseca M. Plasmid DNA immunization with Trypanosoma cruzi genes induces cardiac and clinical protection against Chagas disease in the canine model. Vet Res 2012; 43:79. [PMID: 23148870 PMCID: PMC3505182 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The only existing preventive measure against American trypanosomosis, or Chagas disease, is the control of the transmitting insect, which has only been effective in a few South American regions. Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent this disease. Here, we present the clinical and cardiac levels of protection induced by expression to Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding the TcSP and TcSSP4 proteins in the canine model. Physical examination, diagnostic chagasic serology, and serial electrocardiograms were performed before and after immunization, as well as after experimental infection. We found that immunization with recombinant plasmids prevented hyperthermia in the acute phase of experimental infection and produced lymphadenomegaly as an immunological response against the parasite and additionally prevented heart rate elevation (tachycardia) in the acute and/or chronic stages of infection. Immunization with T. cruzi genes encoding the TcSP and TcSSP4 antigens diminished the quality and quantity of the electrocardiographic abnormalities, thereby avoiding progression to more severe developments such as right bundle branch block or ventricular premature complexes in a greater number of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No, 1, Col, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
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31
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Villalobos G, Martínez-Ibarra JA, Martínez-Hernández F, López-Alcaide S, Alejandre-Aguilar R. The morphological variation of the eggs and genital plates of two morphotypes of Triatoma protracta Uhler, 1894. J Vector Ecol 2012; 37:179-186. [PMID: 22548552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The control of triatomine insects is necessary because these insects are the principal vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. Nevertheless, some of these vectors, such as Triatoma protracta, have not been studied adequately and their importance and taxonomic status has not yet been defined in detail and must be reevaluated in view of the continuing taxonomic uncertainties associated with the species. To help clarify the taxonomic status of T. protracta, the eggs and genital plates of two morphotypes were analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative morphological differences were observed in two morphotypes, designated T. p. protracta and T. p. nahuatlae according to Ryckman (1962). The morphotype T. p. protracta exhibited large and wide eggs with pores forming large padded polygonal structures, whereas the eggs of the morphotype T. p. nahuatlae were small and smooth. The size of the 9(th) genital urosternite was longer and wider in females in contrast to males in both morphotypes. However, these size differences were relatively greater in T. p. protracta. The high morphological variation found between the morphotypes of T. protracta suggests that they should be separated. Accordingly, it is probable that this group should be re-classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiehdani Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Depto. de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Casco de Santo Tomás, PC 11340, D.F., México
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Grant-Guillén Y, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Osorio-Pelayo PD, Macías-Amezcua MD, Meillón-Isáis K, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Rodríguez-Bataz E, Nogueda-Torres B. Biological and genetic aspects of crosses between species of the genus Meccus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:293-300. [PMID: 21655816 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of reproductive isolation between Meccus phyllosomus and the remaining five species of the genus Meccus, as well as between Meccus bassolsae and Meccus pallidipennis, Meccus longipennis and Meccus picturatus, was examined. Fertility and the segregation of morphological characteristics were examined in two generations of hybrids from crosses between these species. The percentage of couples with offspring (fertile) was high in the vast majority of sets of crosses, with the exception of that between ♀M. phyllosomus and ♂Meccus mazzottii. In sets of crosses involving M. bassolsae specimens, no first-generation (F1) individuals were morphologically similar to M. bassolsae, but instead shared the morphology of the other parental species. A similar phenomenon was observed in most sets of crosses involving M. phyllosomus. These results indicated that different degrees of reproductive isolation exist among the species of Meccus involved in this study. The biological evidence obtained in this study does not support the proposal that M. bassolsae is a full species. It could indicate that, on the contrary, it should be considered a subspecies of a single polytypic species. The biological evidence does support the proposal that M. phyllosomus is a full species.
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Grant-Guillén Y, Delgadillo-Aceves IN, Zumaya-Estrada FA, Rocha-Chávez G, Salazar-Schettino PM, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Villalobos G, Nogueda-Torres B. Biological and genetic aspects of crosses between phylogenetically close species of Mexican triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 2011; 48:705-707. [PMID: 21661335 DOI: 10.1603/me10159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation between Triatoma mexicana (Herrich-Scaeffer) and the six species of the Phyllosoma complex, belonging to the genus Meccus, was examined by analyzing the fertility of experimental hybrids. The percentage of couples with offspring was highest in the set of crosses between Meccus phyllosomus (Burmeister) and T. mexicana, and lowest in those between Meccus pallidipennis (Stål) and Meccus bassolsae (Alejandre-Aguilar, Nogueda-Torres, Cortés-Jiménez, Jurberg, Galvão, and Carcavallo) with respect to T. mexicana. Crosses between Meccus mazzottii (Usinger), Meccus picturatus (Usinger), and Meccus longipennis (Usinger) and T. mexicana had scarce offspring, whereas offspring from crosses between M. phyllosomus and T. mexicana were abundant. However, all F1 nymphs died in different instars before reaching sexual maturity. The biological evidence in this study suggests that different degrees of reproductive isolation exist between T mexicana and the different species of Meccus. Our data also support the current status of T. mexicana as a separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martínez-Ibarra
- Area de Entomología Médica, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, 49000 Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.
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Martínez-Hernandez F, Martínez-Ibarra JA, Catalá S, Villalobos G, de la Torre P, Laclette JP, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Espinoza B. Natural crossbreeding between sympatric species of the phyllosoma complex (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) indicate the existence of only one species with morphologic and genetic variations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:74-82. [PMID: 20064999 PMCID: PMC2803513 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome B gene and the antennal phenotypes were analyzed for the following triatomine species: Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma pallidipennis, and Triatoma picturata, which belong to the Phyllosoma complex. These species inhabit sympatric areas from Talpa de Allende, Autlan de Navarro, and Teocuitatlan de Corona in Jalisco, Mexico. Molecular marker analysis showed that the sympatric individuals are the natural crossbred descendents of different individuals living in close proximity in these natural areas that resulted in mixed populations. The antennal phenotype results are coincident with these genetic findings, which point to the high similitude between all Phyllosoma complex populations analyzed. These data support the hypothesis that these species are morphotypes with chromatic and genetic varieties, which preserves the possibility of natural breeding with fertile descent. In conclusion, our results strongly support the hypothesis that T. pallidipennis, T. longipennis, and T. picturata are subspecies of the Phyllosoma complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martínez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México.
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Meillon-Isais K, Barajas-Martínez H, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Lupercio-Coronel P, Rocha-Chávez G, Nogueda-Torres B. Biological and genetic aspects of experimental hybrids from species of the Phyllosoma complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:236-43. [PMID: 18592097 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a thorough investigation of the degree of reproductive isolation between Meccus mazzottii and Meccus longipennis, Meccus picturatus, Meccus pallidipennis and Meccus bassolsae, as well as between M. longipennis and M. picturatus. We examined fertility and segregation of morphological characteristics in two generations of hybrids derived from crosses between these species. The percentage of pairs with (fertile) offspring was highest in the set of crosses between M. longipennis and M. picturatus, and lowest between M. mazzottii and M. picturatus. Most first-generation (F1) individuals from crosses involving M. mazzottii were morphologically similar to this species, while only F1 x F1 progeny of parental crosses between M. mazzottii and M. longipennis had offspring second generation that looked like M. mazzottii. The results indicate that different degrees of reproductive isolation apparently exist among the species of the Phyllosoma complex examined in this study. The biological evidence obtained in this study does not support the proposal that M. longipennis and M. picturatus are full species. It could indicate on the contrary, that both could be considered as subspecies of a single polytypic species. On the other hand, biological evidence supports the proposal that M. mazzottii is a full species.
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León-Pérez F, Gómez-Garcia L, Alejandre-Aguilar R, López R, Monteón VM. Mexican Trypanosoma cruzi isolates: in vitro susceptibility of epimastigotes to anti-trypanosoma cruzi drugs and metacyclic forms to complement-mediated lysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 7:330-6. [PMID: 17760512 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi has a clonal organization with an ample array of genetic and phenotypic features and probably anaploid constitution. Consequently, the biological behavior, biochemistry, and molecular attributes may be distinctive for each parasite strain in different geographical regions. As far as we know, there is no published information on the susceptibility of Mexican T. cruzi stocks to anti-T. cruzi drugs such as benznidazole and gentian violet, or on its resistance to complement-mediated lysis. We studied 10 Mexican T. cruzi isolates from different geographical areas, such as the pacific coast (Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Nayarit States), central part of Mexico (Guanajuato State), Gulf of Mexico (Veracruz State), and the Yucatan Peninsula (Campeche State). We searched for the natural resistance to drugs in in vitro assay against the 10 Mexican isolates using epimastigote forms and the complement-mediated lysis using metacyclic trypomastigotes insect-derived in three of them (one for each geographic region). In general, we observed high resistance to benznidazole in all the Mexican isolates tested, but in the complement-mediated lysis test, they showed moderate to high susceptibility. Although it is necessary to expand this study by using trypomastigotes and the intracellular form to verify its biological role, we suggest that Mexican T. cruzi parasites may have a variable susceptibility to antibody-mediated lysis and high resistance to benznidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floribeth León-Pérez
- Centro Investigación Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Paredes-González E, Martínez-Silva MA, Solorio-Cibrián M, Nogueda-Torres B, Trujillo-Contreras F, Novelo-López M. Biology of three species of North American Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) fed on rabbits. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 102:925-30. [PMID: 18209930 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects related to hatching, lifetime, number of blood meals for molting, mortality, feeding time, and postfeeding defecation delay were evaluated and compared in each instar of three North American Triatominae: Triatoma gerstaeckeri, Triatoma lecticularia and Triatoma protracta, all of them fed on rabbits. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found among the three species regarding mean hatching rate, which was close to 20 days. Egg-to-adult development times were significantly shorter (p < 0.05) for T. lecticularia. Number of blood meals for molting to next instar ranged from one to five for T. protracta, and from one to six for T. gerstaeckeri and T. lecticularia. Mortality rates were higher in younger nymphs of T. lecticularia and T. protracta, while rates in T. gerstaeckeri were higher in fifth-instar nymphs. Mean feeding time was longest in T. gerstaeckeri, followed by T. lecticularia. More than twice the number of T. gerstaeckeri nymphs completed the development process, if compared to the nymphs from the other two species. Defecation delay was less than 10 min for T. lecticularia, T. protracta and the youngest nymphs of T. gerstaeckeri. Results point out that these three species may be important potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi for human populations, in areas of Mexico where these species are currently present.
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Tamay-Segovia P, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Martínez F, Villalobos G, de la Serna FJZD, de la Torre P, Laclette JP, Blum-Domínguez S, Espinoza B. Two Triatoma dimidiata clades (Chagas disease vector) associated with different habitats in southern Mexico and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78:472-478. [PMID: 18337346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triatoma dimidiata is the only reported Chagas disease vector in Campeche, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variability of vectors from Campeche coastal and rain forest areas and establish a phylogenetic relationship with other T. dimidiata populations by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region. The sequence length of samples from Campeche ranged from 469 to 478 basepairs. The ITS-2 variability among the populations enabled us to classify them into two clades with an 18-22 nucleotide difference. The genetic distance (0.042) between them confirms this divergence. Phylogenetic analysis of gene genealogies confirmed these two clades. Furthermore, the population genetic analyses showed two groups with little genetic similarity or migration between them. One group was associated with the tropical forest area and the other group was associated with a mainly coastal distribution. This correlation was also observed when T. dimidiata from other regions of Mexico and Central America were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulino Tamay-Segovia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, México.
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Tamay-Segovia P, Martínez F, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Espinoza B, Blum-Domínguez S, Laclette JP, de la Torre P, de la Serna FJZD, Villalobos G. Two Triatoma dimidiata Clades (Chagas Disease Vector) Associated with Different Habitats in Southern Mexico and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Torres-Morales A, Trujillo-García JC, Nogueda-Torres B, Trujillo-Contreras F. Biology of three species of the Meccus phyllosomus complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) fed on blood of hens and rabbits. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 101:787-94. [PMID: 17160289 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects related to hatching, life time, number of blood meals to molt, mortality, feeding time and postfeed defecation delay for each instar of Meccus phyllosomus, M. mazzottii, and M. bassolsae, life-cycle were evaluated and compared in two cohorts of each of those three species, fed on hens or rabbits. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were recorded among cohorts fed on hens respect to cohorts fed on rabbits in M. phyllosomus and M. mazzottii and the average time of hatching was 21.5 days for cohorts fed on hens and 22.5 for cohorts fed on rabbits. Average egg-to-adult development times were no significant (p > 0.05) different between both cohorts of M. phyllosomus and M. mazzotti, independent of the blood meal source. The average span in days for each instar fed on hens was not significantly different to the average span for each instar fed on rabbits, when comparisons were made by species. The number of blood meals at each nymphal instar varied from 1 to 6 in both cohorts of each species. The mortality rates were higher on older nymphs, in both cohorts of M. phyllosomus and M. bassolsae, whereas they were higher on first instar nymphs on M. mazzottii. Mean feeding time was no significant (p > 0.05) different in triatomines fed on hens or fed on rabbits, when each species were compared separately. A similar number of nymphs of each cohort, completed the cycle. Defecation delay was no significant (p > 0.05) different when cohorts fed on hens and fed on rabbits were compared by species. Most of the studied parameters showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences among those cohorts fed on hens and for fed on rabbits, which could mean a high degree of association of those species with birds as much as mammals, under wild conditions, increasing their capacity to colonize human dwellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Area de Entomología Médica, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, 49000 Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Camacho AD, Quintero-Martinez MT, Alejandre-Aguilar R. Effect of ectoparasitic Pimeliaphilus plumifer mites (Acari: Pterygosomatidae) on Meccus pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and several other Chagas' disease vectors under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 2007; 42:139-49. [PMID: 17549587 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-007-9079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Several biological parameters were evaluated to determine the capacity of Pimeliaphilus plumifer as biological control agent of Triatominae bugs. When P. plumifer and bugs of a variety of triatomine species were forced together in cages in the laboratory, the incidence of mite infestation was the following: Meccus pallidipennis > M. bassolsae > Triatoma rubida > M. longipennis > M. picturatus, and practically no mites were found on T. infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. Adults and hexapod larvae of P. plumifer were the only stages found to parasitize on M. pallidipennis. Fourth and fifth instar nymphs of this bug appeared most susceptible to mite infestation. P. plumifer mites located preferably on the coxae, ventral abdomen and pronotum of M. pallidipennis bugs. The number of blood meals, amount of ingested blood, and resistance to starvation of M. pallidipennis were similar in both the control and the mite infested groups. On the other hand, mite infection reduced molting rate in nymphs and longevity in adults, increased mortality in third-fifth instar nymphs, and fewer viable eggs were laid by females infected with P. plumifer. These effects could be related with nutritional deficiencies. Our results support the use of P. plumifer mites as control agents of host Triatominae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisai Martinez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F., 11340, Mexico
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Martínez FH, Villalobos GC, Cevallos AM, Torre PDL, Laclette JP, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Espinoza B. Taxonomic study of the Phyllosoma complex and other triatomine (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species of epidemiological importance in the transmission of Chagas disease: Using ITS-2 and mtCytB sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 41:279-87. [PMID: 16815044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to clarify the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of the Phyllosoma complex and other important vectors in Mexico. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) of rDNA and the cytochrome B gene of mtDNA (mtCytB) were analyzed for the following species of triatomine: Triatoma bassolsae, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. mexicana, T. pallidipennis, T. picturata, and T. phyllosoma belonging to the Phyllosoma complex, as well as T. dimidiata, T. rubida, T. infestans, and Rhodnius prolixus. The results obtained with the analysis of the ITS-2 sequences showed that the Phyllosoma complex species could not be phylogenetically separated, since T. bassolsae and T. pallidipennis, as well as T. phyllosoma and T. mazzottii were indistinguishable. In contrast, the mtCytB gene separates each one of these triatomine species. The results support the proximity of all seven species currently included in the Phyllosoma complex as well as the exclusion of T. dimidiata. For the first time T. lecticularia and T. rubida were analyzed and were also shown to be related to the Phyllosoma complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, A.P. 70 228, Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Nogueda-Torres B, González EP, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Solorio-Cibrián M, Barreto SP, Gómez-Estrada HI, Trujillo-García JC. Development of Triatoma rubida sonoriana, Triatoma barberi, and Meccus mazzottii (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2005; 21:310-5. [PMID: 16252523 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2005)21[310:dotrst]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine some of the most important bionomic parameters related to the capacity of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and to estimate the potential transmission capacity and role of 3 groups of recent colonized Mexican Triatoma barberi, T. rubida sonoriana, and Meccus (formerly Triatoma) mazzottii in the prevalence of Chagas disease cases based on the distribution area of each species. Among the studied Triatominae species, the life cycle was shorter in T. r. sonoriana and longer in T. barberi, by as much as 4 times. The 1st and 5th instars had the highest rates of mortality in most of the studied species. Statistically significant shorter duration of feeding of instars was observed for T. r. sonoriana and longer duration was found for M. mazzottii when the species were compared. The mean number of blood meals per nymphal stadium was statistically greater in T. barberi than in T. r. sonoriana and M. mazzottii. Triatoma r. sonoriana and M. mazzotti had shorter defecation delay than in T. barberi and the delay was uniform in all instars. Most of the studied parameters showed that T. r. sonoriana and M. mazzotti could have an important potential role in the prevalence of Chagas disease cases where these species are commonly found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martínez-Ibarra
- Area de Entomología Médica, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colón S/N, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
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Martínez F, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Moncada YH, Espinoza B. Molecular taxonomic study of Chagas disease vectors from the phyllosoma, lecticularia, and rubrofasciata complexes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:321-5. [PMID: 16103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Triatiominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are hematophagous hemipters of importance because they transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease. The aim of this study was to define the possible relationships between species of the Phyllosoma complex (Triatoma mazzottii, Triatoma pallidipennis, and Triatoma longipennis) and species of other complexes present in Mexico that have not been previously analyzed (Triatoma lecticularia and Triatoma rubida). In addition, it was determined the inclusion of Triatoma bassolsae in the Phyllosoma complex by using 10 isoenzymatic systems (corresponding to the 14 loci). Results of isoenzymatic study show that between the species of the Phyllosoma complex including Triatoma bassolsae, the polymorphism of the analyzed enzymes ranges from 14% to 50% (P < or = 0.95) and the species from external complexes showed polymorphism values of 43% (Triatoma lecticularia), 43% (Triatoma rubida), and 36% (Triatoma infestans). The genetic tree shows a clear difference between species of the Phyllosoma complex and the other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gómez-García L, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Aranda-Fraustro A, Lopez R, Monteón VM. Description of inflammation and cytokine profile at the inoculation site and in heart tissue of mice re-infected with Trypanosoma cruzi vector derived-metacyclic trypomastigotes. Parasitology 2005; 130:511-22. [PMID: 15991494 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of Trypanosoma cruzi reinfection in regard to inflammatory and cytokine response at the inoculation site, lymph node and heart. We reinfected Balb/c mice intradermically into the hind foot-pad with natural infective metacyclic trypomastigotes. They were followed from 24 h to 30 days after the last reinfection. At the inoculation site 24 h after the last re-infection, the infiltrating inflammatory cells increased dramatically with respect to baseline inflammation, reaching maximum infiltrates for the third day. In contrast, parasite DNA was undetectable 24 h after inoculation, despite poor cytokine induction, only IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TGF-beta were noticeable on days 7 and 15, whereas in the lymph nodes draining the inoculation site positive expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and TGF-beta were found to be induced as soon as 24 h after re-entry of parasite. In the heart, the inflammatory response increased immediately 24 h after re-entry of parasites, reaching its maximum on the 7th day and returning to baseline on day 30. In conclusion, although the inflammatory response is triggered in both compartments by re-entry of parasites, the inflammatory process returns almost to baseline after 30 days, leaving a persistent low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gómez-García
- Laboratorio Inmunoparasitologia, Instituto Nacional Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", México DF
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Rodríguez-Sánchez M, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Nogueda-Torres B, Camacho AD, Martín-Frías E. Development of genital plates in nymphs of Triatoma pallidipennis, Stål 1872, (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and its application as sexing method. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:777-82. [PMID: 14595455 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for morphometric differences between sexes in immature forms, the development of genital plates in the exuviae of Triatoma pallidipennis Stål 1872 nymphs was studied. Differences were found in the form and size of the 9th genital urosternite, it is larger and wider in males as compared to females. This difference is reported in several South American Triatoma species. From our results it is possible to sex early stages from microscopic observation of genital plates in whole insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Depto de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col Casco de Santo Tomás, México, DF, México
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Ballinas-Vedugo MA, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Aranda-Fraustro A, Reyes PA, Monteon VM. Anti-myosin autoantibodies are more frequent in non-Chagasic cardiomyopathy than in Chagasic cardiomyopathy patients. Int J Cardiol 2003; 92:101-2. [PMID: 14602225 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mazariego-Arana MA, Ramirez-San Juan E, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Nogueda-Torres B. Activity and residual effect of two formulations of lambdacyhalothrin sprayed on palm leaves to Rhodnius prolixus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:353-7. [PMID: 12048565 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity and residual effect of two formulations of lambdacyhalothrin were evaluated with Rhodnius prolixus; laboratory and field tests were conducted in the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The results indicate that the lethal concentrations of the active ingredient of SC (LC50 = 2.37 and LC90 = 8.5 mg, a.i./m2) were 4-8 times than those with the insecticide WP applied on R. prolixus bugs in palm leaves, a common building material for thatched roofs. Other investigators in South America recommended applying 30 mg a.i./m2 in porous materials; we obtained that the products WP and SC were 3.5 and 16 times more effective on palm leaves. Regarding the evaluation of the residual effects in field spraying, there was up to 15 months persistence after the application of WP in two doses (8.6 mg a.i./m2 and 3.752 mg a.i./m2) with SC. We consider R. prolixus highly susceptible to the employed pyrethroids; they could be used to control this vector in the state of Chiapas, Mexico.
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Mazariego-Arana MA, Monteón VM, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Hernández-Becerril N, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Reyes PA. Seroprevalence of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection in diferent geografic zones of Chiapas, Mexico. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001; 34:453-8. [PMID: 11600911 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822001000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A serologic survey was carried out in four different geographic zones of Chiapas, Mexico. A total of 1,333 samples were collected from residents of thirteen communities located on the Coast, Central Mountain, Lacandon Forest and a zone called Mesochiapas. One hundred and fifty one seropositive individuals (11.3%) were identified. Human Trypanosoma cruzi infection was influenced by geography. In the Lacandon Forest and Central Mountains there was a higher seroprevalence 32.1 and 13.8% respectively, than on the coast (1.2%). In Mesochiapas there were no seropositive individuals among the 137 persons tested. An active transmission is probably continuing because seropositive cases (13.8%) were detected in children under 10 years of age. The vector recognized on the Coast was Triatoma dimidiata while in the Lacandon Forest it was Rhodnius prolixus.
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Paredes EA, Miranda JV, Torres BN, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Romero RC. Vectorial importance of triatominae bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Guaymas, Mexico. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 2001; 43:119-22. [PMID: 17061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted in Guaymas city, Sonora, in Northwestern Mexico. Triatomines were collected manually during daytime, within and around houses selected randomly, with one person searching for bugs during one hour per house. Collected bugs were identified and analyzed for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. From a total of 279 collected specimens there were 123 females, 65 males and 91 nymphs (entomological indexes: 63% infestation, 68.4% colonization, 8.5% density and 13.5% stacking). There were 251 (90%) triatominae bugs infected with T. cruzi, one of the highest natural infestation levels recorded in Mexico. The insects collected were identified as Triatoma rubida (91%) and T. recurva (9%). Previous reports for the same locality (1959) indicated the presence of T. rubida in the wild, we found T. rubida within houses, and T. recurva as a peridomestic bug. Unplanned housing developments in originally wild areas may have favored T. cruzi transmitters to migrate from the wild and into human dwellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Paredes
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agro Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Norte Caborca
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