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Lepzien R, Nie M, Czarnewski P, Liu S, Yu M, Ravindran A, Kullberg S, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Smed-Sörensen A. Pulmonary and blood dendritic cells from sarcoidosis patients more potently induce IFNγ-producing Th1 cells compared with monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:857-866. [PMID: 34431542 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0321-162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the lungs. The hallmark of sarcoidosis are granulomas that are surrounded by activated T cells, likely targeting the disease-inducing antigen. IFNγ-producing Th1 and Th17.1 T cells are elevated in sarcoidosis and associate with disease progression. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and required for T cell activation. Several subsets of monocytes and DCs with different functions were identified in sarcoidosis. However, to what extent different monocyte and DC subsets can support activation and skewing of T cells in sarcoidosis is still unclear. In this study, we performed a transcriptional and functional side-by-side comparison of sorted monocytes and DCs from matched blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of sarcoidosis patients. Transcriptomic analysis of all subsets showed upregulation of genes related to T cell activation and antigen presentation in DCs compared with monocytes. Allogeneic T cell proliferation was higher after coculture with monocytes and DCs from blood compared with BAL and DCs induced more T cell proliferation compared with monocytes. After coculture, proliferating T cells showed high expression of the transcription factor Tbet and IFNγ production. We also identified Tbet and RORγt coexpressing T cells that mainly produced IFNγ. Our data show that DCs rather than monocytes from sarcoidosis patients have the ability to activate and polarize T cells towards Th1 and Th17.1 cells. This study provides a useful in vitro tool to better understand the contribution of monocytes and DCs to T cell activation and immunopathology in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mu Nie
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sang Liu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Avinash Ravindran
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Yu M, Falck-Jones R, Cagigi A, Badolati I, Österberg B, Lautenbach MJ, Åhlberg E, Lin A, Lepzien R, Szurgot I, Lenart K, Hellgren F, Maecker H, Sälde J, Albert J, Johansson N, Bell M, Loré K, Färnert A, Smed-Sörensen A. Functional monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells increase in blood but not airways and predict COVID-19 severity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144734. [PMID: 33492309 DOI: 10.1172/jci144734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains enigmatic, causing immunodysregulation and T cell lymphopenia. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are T cell suppressors that expand in inflammatory conditions, but their role in acute respiratory infections remains unclear. We studied the blood and airways of patients with COVID-19 across disease severities at multiple time points. M-MDSC frequencies were elevated in blood but not in nasopharyngeal or endotracheal aspirates of patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. M-MDSCs isolated from patients with COVID-19 suppressed T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production partly via an arginase 1-dependent (Arg-1-dependent) mechanism. Furthermore, patients showed increased Arg-1 and IL-6 plasma levels. Patients with COVID-19 had fewer T cells and downregulated expression of the CD3ζ chain. Ordinal regression showed that early M-MDSC frequency predicted subsequent disease severity. In conclusion, M-MDSCs expanded in the blood of patients with COVID-19, suppressed T cells, and were strongly associated with disease severity, indicating a role for M-MDSCs in the dysregulated COVID-19 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Falck-Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabella Badolati
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Julius Lautenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Åhlberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stemirna Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inga Szurgot
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Lenart
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Hellgren
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jörgen Sälde
- Health Care Services Stockholm County (SLSO), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Lepzien R, Liu S, Czarnewski P, Nie M, Österberg B, Baharom F, Pourazar J, Rankin G, Eklund A, Bottai M, Kullberg S, Blomberg A, Grunewald J, Smed-Sörensen A. Monocytes in sarcoidosis are potent tumour necrosis factor producers and predict disease outcome. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03468-2020. [PMID: 33446605 PMCID: PMC8295505 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03468-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by granuloma formation and heterogeneous clinical outcome. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine contributing to granuloma formation and high levels of TNF have been shown to associate with progressive disease. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are potent producers of TNF and highly responsive to inflammation. In sarcoidosis, alveolar macrophages have been well studied. However, MNPs also include monocytes/monocyte-derived cells and dendritic cells, which are poorly studied in sarcoidosis, despite their central role in inflammation. Objective To determine the role of pulmonary monocyte-derived cells and dendritic cells during sarcoidosis. Methods We performed in-depth phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic analysis of MNP subsets from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 108 sarcoidosis patients and 30 healthy controls. We followed the clinical development of patients and assessed how the repertoire and function of MNP subsets at diagnosis correlated with 2-year disease outcome. Results Monocytes/monocyte-derived cells were increased in blood and BAL of sarcoidosis patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, high frequencies of blood intermediate monocytes at time of diagnosis associated with chronic disease development. RNA sequencing analysis showed highly inflammatory MNPs in BAL of sarcoidosis patients. Furthermore, frequencies of BAL monocytes/monocyte-derived cells producing TNF without exogenous stimulation at time of diagnosis increased in patients that were followed longitudinally. In contrast to alveolar macrophages, the frequency of TNF-producing BAL monocytes/monocyte-derived cells at time of diagnosis was highest in sarcoidosis patients that developed progressive disease. Conclusion Our data show that pulmonary monocytes/monocyte-derived cells are highly inflammatory and can be used as a predictor of disease outcome in sarcoidosis patients. Phenotypic, transcriptomic and functional mapping of blood and pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes in sarcoidosis patients found that frequency and function of pulmonary monocytes at time of diagnosis predict 2-year outcome in sarcoidosishttps://bit.ly/2JX8fhr
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sang Liu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mu Nie
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faezzah Baharom
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gregory Rankin
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Dept of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Evren E, Ringqvist E, Tripathi KP, Sleiers N, Rives IC, Alisjahbana A, Gao Y, Sarhan D, Halle T, Sorini C, Lepzien R, Marquardt N, Michaëlsson J, Smed-Sörensen A, Botling J, Karlsson MCI, Villablanca EJ, Willinger T. Distinct developmental pathways from blood monocytes generate human lung macrophage diversity. Immunity 2020; 54:259-275.e7. [PMID: 33382972 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of human macrophages and their ontogeny is an important unresolved issue. Here, we use a humanized mouse model expressing human cytokines to dissect the development of lung macrophages from human hematopoiesis in vivo. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generated three macrophage populations, occupying separate anatomical niches in the lung. Intravascular cell labeling, cell transplantation, and fate-mapping studies established that classical CD14+ blood monocytes derived from HSPCs migrated into lung tissue and gave rise to human interstitial and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, non-classical CD16+ blood monocytes preferentially generated macrophages resident in the lung vasculature (pulmonary intravascular macrophages). Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing defined intermediate differentiation stages in human lung macrophage development from blood monocytes. This study identifies distinct developmental pathways from circulating monocytes to lung macrophages and reveals how cellular origin contributes to human macrophage identity, diversity, and localization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Evren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Parijat Tripathi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sleiers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inés Có Rives
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arlisa Alisjahbana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tor Halle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Willinger
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Silva MH, Lepzien R, Ols S, Dahlberg B, Grunewald J, Loré K, Smed-Sörensen A, Correia-Neves M, Empadinhas N, Färnert A, Källenius G, Sundling C. Stabilization of blood for long-term storage can affect antibody-based recognition of cell surface markers. J Immunol Methods 2020; 481-482:112792. [PMID: 32387697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole-blood fixation provides a rapid and simplified method for cell preservation compared to isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This can be especially important for sample acquisition and storage in resource-limited settings. However, some caveats have been reported, such as reduced cell marker recognition. Here, we evaluated the whole-blood proteomic stabilizer PROT1 and compared recognition of 53 common cell markers in fixed buffy coats and cryopreserved PBMCs isolated from the same donor. Several antibodies completely lost their binding to the cells, while others presented with partial loss of marker recognition or no effect at all. Based on the screened antibodies, we designed two antibody panels allowing phenotyping of B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells and also T cells and NK cells in both fixed and non-fixed material. Taken together, our observations suggest that antibodies intended to be used with fixed blood first need to be evaluated for marker recognition and staining intensity, in comparison with fresh samples or cryopreserved PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hugo Silva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benita Dahlberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lepzien R, Rankin G, Pourazar J, Muala A, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Blomberg A, Smed-Sörensen A. Mapping mononuclear phagocytes in blood, lungs, and lymph nodes of sarcoidosis patients. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:797-807. [PMID: 30742337 PMCID: PMC6916617 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0718-280rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a T-cell driven inflammatory disease characterized by granuloma formation. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs)-macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs)-are likely critical in sarcoidosis as they initiate and maintain T cell activation and contribute to granuloma formation by cytokine production. Granulomas manifest primarily in lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes (LLNs) but these compartments are less studied compared to blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Sarcoidosis can present with an acute onset (usually Löfgren's syndrome (LS)) or a gradual onset (non-LS). LS patients typically recover within 2 years while 60% of non-LS patients maintain granulomas for up to 5 years. Here, four LS and seven non-LS patients underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). From each patient, blood, BAL, endobronchial biopsies (EBBs), and LLN samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA were collected and MNPs characterized using multicolor flow cytometry. Six MNP subsets were identified at varying frequencies in the anatomical compartments investigated. Importantly, monocytes and DCs were most mature with migratory potential in BAL and EBBs but not in the LLNs suggesting heterogeneity in MNPs in the compartments typically affected in sarcoidosis. Additionally, in LS patients, frequencies of DC subsets were lower or lacking in LLNs and EBBs, respectively, compared to non-LS patients that may be related to the disease outcome. Our work provides a foundation for future investigations of MNPs in sarcoidosis to identify immune profiles of patients at risk of developing severe disease with the aim to provide early treatment to slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory Rankin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ala Muala
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Baharom F, Thomas OS, Lepzien R, Mellman I, Chalouni C, Smed-Sörensen A. Visualization of early influenza A virus trafficking in human dendritic cells using STED microscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177920. [PMID: 28591131 PMCID: PMC5462357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) primarily target respiratory epithelial cells, but can also replicate in immune cells, including human dendritic cells (DCs). Super-resolution microscopy provides a novel method of visualizing viral trafficking by overcoming the resolution limit imposed by conventional light microscopy, without the laborious sample preparation of electron microscopy. Using three-color Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy, we visualized input IAV nucleoprotein (NP), early and late endosomal compartments (EEA1 and LAMP1 respectively), and HLA-DR (DC membrane/cytosol) by immunofluorescence in human DCs. Surface bound IAV were internalized within 5 min of infection. The association of virus particles with early endosomes peaked at 5 min when 50% of NP+ signals were also EEA1+. Peak association with late endosomes occurred at 15 min when 60% of NP+ signals were LAMP1+. At 30 min of infection, the majority of NP signals were in the nucleus. Our findings illustrate that early IAV trafficking in human DCs proceeds via the classical endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezzah Baharom
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver S. Thomas
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ira Mellman
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Cécile Chalouni
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kaiser Y, Lepzien R, Kullberg S, Eklund A, Smed-Sörensen A, Grunewald J. Expanded lung T-bet+RORγT+ CD4+ T-cells in sarcoidosis patients with a favourable disease phenotype. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:484-94. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00092-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Disease phenotypes of pulmonary sarcoidosis are distinguished by clinical rather than immunological criteria. We aimed to characterise patterns of CD4+ T-cell lineage plasticity underlying the differences in clinical presentation and disease course between the acute form, Löfgren's syndrome, and the heterogeneous, potentially progressive “non-Löfgren” form.33 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients and nine controls underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. CD4+ T-cell transcription factor, chemokine receptor and T-cell receptor expression, proliferation and cytokine production were assessed in the lavage fluid and peripheral blood using flow cytometry and multicolour FluoroSpot.CD4+ T-cells simultaneously expressing the T-helper cell (Th)1 and Th17 transcriptional regulators T-bet and RORγT (T-bet+RORγT+) were identified in the lavage, but not blood, of all subjects, and to a significantly higher degree in Löfgren's patients. T-bet+RORγT+ cells proliferated actively, produced interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin (IL)-17A, co-expressed the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6, and correlated with nonchronic disease. T-cell receptor-restricted Vα2.3+Vβ22+ T-cells strongly co-expressed T-bet/RORγT and CXCR3/CCR6. Cytokine production was more heterogeneous in Löfgren's patients, with significantly higher IL-17A, IL-10, IL-22 and IL-2, but lower IFNγ.Here we demonstrate the presence of lung T-bet+RORγT+CXCR3+CCR6+ CD4+ T-cells and Th17-associated cytokines especially in sarcoidosis patients with a favourable prognosis, suggesting a Th1/Th17-permissive environment in the lung with implications for disease resolution.
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Baharom F, Thomas S, Rankin G, Lepzien R, Pourazar J, Behndig AF, Ahlm C, Blomberg A, Smed-Sörensen A. Dendritic Cells and Monocytes with Distinct Inflammatory Responses Reside in Lung Mucosa of Healthy Humans. J Immunol 2016; 196:4498-509. [PMID: 27183618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Every breath we take contains potentially harmful pathogens or allergens. Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are essential in maintaining a delicate balance of initiating immunity without causing collateral damage to the lungs because of an exaggerated inflammatory response. To document the diversity of lung mononuclear phagocytes at steady-state, we performed bronchoscopies on 20 healthy subjects, sampling the proximal and distal airways (bronchial wash and bronchoalveolar lavage, respectively), as well as mucosal tissue (endobronchial biopsies). In addition to a substantial population of alveolar macrophages, we identified subpopulations of monocytes, myeloid DCs (MDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs in the lung mucosa. Intermediate monocytes and MDCs were highly frequent in the airways compared with peripheral blood. Strikingly, the density of mononuclear phagocytes increased upon descending the airways. Monocytes from blood and airways produced 10-fold more proinflammatory cytokines than MDCs upon ex vivo stimulation. However, airway monocytes were less inflammatory than blood monocytes, suggesting a more tolerant nature. The findings of this study establish how to identify human lung mononuclear phagocytes and how they function in normal conditions, so that dysregulations in patients with respiratory diseases can be detected to elucidate their contribution to immunity or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezzah Baharom
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saskia Thomas
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory Rankin
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
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