1
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Smolgovsky S, Bayer AL, Kaur K, Sanders E, Aronovitz M, Filipp ME, Thorp EB, Schiattarella GG, Hill JA, Blanton RM, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Alcaide P. Impaired T cell IRE1α/XBP1 signaling directs inflammation in experimental heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171874. [PMID: 37874641 PMCID: PMC10721145 DOI: 10.1172/jci171874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a widespread syndrome with limited therapeutic options and poorly understood immune pathophysiology. Using a 2-hit preclinical model of cardiometabolic HFpEF that induces obesity and hypertension, we found that cardiac T cell infiltration and lymphoid expansion occurred concomitantly with cardiac pathology and that diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and cardiac phospholamban phosphorylation were T cell dependent. Heart-infiltrating T cells were not restricted to cardiac antigens and were uniquely characterized by impaired activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) arm of the unfolded protein response. Notably, selective ablation of XBP1 in T cells enhanced their persistence in the heart and lymphoid organs of mice with preclinical HFpEF. Furthermore, T cell IRE1α/XBP1 activation was restored after withdrawal of the 2 comorbidities inducing HFpEF, resulting in partial improvement of cardiac pathology. Our results demonstrated that diastolic dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in preclinical HFpEF were T cell dependent and that reversible dysregulation of the T cell IRE1α/XBP1 axis was a T cell signature of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Smolgovsky
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abraham L. Bayer
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Sanders
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mallory E. Filipp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Bestepe F, Fritsche C, Lakhotiya K, Niosi CE, Ghanem GF, Martin GL, Pal-Ghosh R, Becker-Greene D, Weston J, Hollan I, Risnes I, Rynning SE, Solheim LH, Feinberg MW, Blanton RM, Icli B. Deficiency of miR-409-3p improves myocardial neovascularization and function through modulation of DNAJB9/p38 MAPK signaling. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:995-1009. [PMID: 37332476 PMCID: PMC10276151 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tissue repair following myocardial infarction (MI), which is exacerbated under insulin resistance or diabetes. MicroRNAs are regulators of angiogenesis. We examined the metabolic regulation of miR-409-3p in post-infarct angiogenesis. miR-409-3p was increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in a mouse model of acute MI. In endothelial cells (ECs), miR-409-3p was induced by palmitate, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) decreased its expression. Overexpression of miR-409-3p decreased EC proliferation and migration in the presence of palmitate, whereas inhibition had the opposite effects. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiling in ECs identified DNAJ homolog subfamily B member 9 (DNAJB9) as a target of miR-409-3p. Overexpression of miR-409-3p decreased DNAJB9 mRNA and protein expression by 47% and 31% respectively, while enriching DNAJB9 mRNA by 1.9-fold after Argonaute2 microribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation. These effects were mediated through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in EC-specific miR-409-3p knockout (KO) mice (miR-409ECKO) fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet increased isolectin B4 (53.3%), CD31 (56%), and DNAJB9 (41.5%). The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was improved by 28%, and the infarct area was decreased by 33.8% in miR-409ECKO compared with control mice. These findings support an important role of miR-409-3p in the angiogenic EC response to myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Bestepe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Colette Fritsche
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kartik Lakhotiya
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Niosi
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - George F. Ghanem
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gregory L. Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ruma Pal-Ghosh
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Weston
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Ivar Risnes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway
| | - Stein Erik Rynning
- Department of Heart Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Basak Icli
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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3
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Mathew V, Mei A, Giwa H, Cheong A, Chander A, Zou A, Blanton RM, Kashpur O, Cui W, Slonim D, Mahmoud T, O'Tierney-Ginn P, Mager J, Draper I, Wallingford MC. hnRNPL expression dynamics in the embryo and placenta. Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 48:119319. [PMID: 37148985 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2023.119319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL) is a conserved RNA binding protein (RBP) that plays an important role in the alternative splicing of gene transcripts, and thus in the generation of specific protein isoforms. Global deficiency in hnRNPL in mice results in preimplantation embryonic lethality at embryonic day (E) 3.5. To begin to understand the contribution of hnRNPL-regulated pathways in the normal development of the embryo and placenta, we determined hnRNPL expression profile and subcellular localization throughout development. Proteome and Western blot analyses were employed to determine hnRNPL abundance between E3.5 and E17.5. Histological analyses supported that the embryo and implantation site display distinct hnRNPL localization patterns. In the fully developed mouse placenta, nuclear hnRNPL was observed broadly in trophoblasts, whereas within the implantation site a discrete subset of cells showed hnRNPL outside the nucleus. In the first-trimester human placenta, hnRNPL was detected in the undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts, suggesting a role for this factor in trophoblast progenitors. Parallel in vitro studies utilizing Htr8 and Jeg3 cell lines confirmed expression of hnRNPL in cellular models of human trophoblasts. These studies coordinated regulation of hnRNPL during the normal developmental program in the mammalian embryo and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineetha Mathew
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ariel Mei
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Hamida Giwa
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ashmita Chander
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Aaron Zou
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Olga Kashpur
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Donna Slonim
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, 177 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Taysir Mahmoud
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Isabelle Draper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Mary C Wallingford
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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4
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Chen HH, Khatun Z, Wei L, Mekkaoui C, Patel D, Kim SJW, Boukhalfa A, Enoma E, Meng L, Chen YI, Kaikkonen L, Li G, Capen DE, Sahu P, Kumar ATN, Blanton RM, Yuan H, Das S, Josephson L, Sosnovik DE. A nanoparticle probe for the imaging of autophagic flux in live mice via magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1045-1056. [PMID: 35817962 PMCID: PMC9492651 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy-the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components via their sequestration into double-membraned autophagosomes-has not been detected non-invasively. Here we show that the flux of autophagosomes can be measured via magnetic resonance imaging or serial near-infrared fluorescence imaging of intravenously injected iron oxide nanoparticles decorated with cathepsin-cleavable arginine-rich peptides functionalized with the near-infrared fluorochrome Cy5.5 (the peptides facilitate the uptake of the nanoparticles by early autophagosomes, and are then cleaved by cathepsins in lysosomes). In the heart tissue of live mice, the nanoparticles enabled quantitative measurements of changes in autophagic flux, upregulated genetically, by ischaemia-reperfusion injury or via starvation, or inhibited via the administration of a chemotherapeutic or the antibiotic bafilomycin. In mice receiving doxorubicin, pre-starvation improved cardiac function and overall survival, suggesting that bursts of increased autophagic flux may have cardioprotective effects during chemotherapy. Autophagy-detecting nanoparticle probes may facilitate the further understanding of the roles of autophagy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Choukri Mekkaoui
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dakshesh Patel
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Ji Who Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asma Boukhalfa
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Efosa Enoma
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Meng
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinching I Chen
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parul Sahu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand T N Kumar
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Sosnovik
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Liu PW, Martin GL, Lin W, Huang W, Pande S, Aronovitz MJ, Davis RJ, Blanton RM. Mixed lineage kinase 3 requires a functional CRIB domain for regulation of blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H513-H522. [PMID: 35867711 PMCID: PMC9448288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) modulates blood pressure and left ventricular function, but the mechanisms governing these effects remain unclear. In the current study, we therefore investigated the role of the MLK3 Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain in cardiovascular physiology. We examined baseline and left ventricular pressure overload responses in a MLK3 CRIB mutant (MLK3C/C) mouse, which harbors point mutations in the CRIB domain to disrupt MLK3 activation by Cdc42. Male and female MLK3C/C mice displayed increased invasively measured blood pressure compared with wild-type (MLK3+/+) littermate controls. MLK3C/C mice of both sexes also developed left and right ventricular hypertrophy but normal baseline LV function by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. In LV tissue from MLK3C/C mice, map3k11 mRNA, which encodes MLK3, and MLK3 protein were reduced by 74 ± 6% and 73 ± 7%, respectively. After 1-wk LV pressure overload with 25-gauge transaortic constriction (TAC), male MLK3C/C mice developed no differences in LV hypertrophy but displayed reduction in the LV systolic indices ejection fraction and dP/dt normalized to instantaneous pressure. JNK activation was also reduced in LV tissue of MLK3C/C TAC mice. TAC induced MLK3 translocation from cytosolic fraction to membrane fraction in LV tissue from MLK3+/+ but not MLK3C/C mice. These findings identify a role of the MLK3 CRIB domain in MLK3 regulation of basal blood pressure and cardiac morphology, and in promoting the compensatory LV response to pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we identified that the presence of two discrete point mutations within the Cdc42/Rac interaction and binding domain of the protein MLK3 recapitulates the effects of whole body MLK3 deletion on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular compensation after pressure overload. These findings implicate the CRIB domain, and thus MLK3 activation by this domain, as critical for maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Liu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiyu Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanting Huang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suchita Pande
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Smolgovsky S, Bayer A, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, kaur K, Aronovitz M, Sanders E, Theall B, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Abstract P3063: Downregulation Of The T Cell Unfolded Protein Response Precedes T Cell Cardiac Infiltration In Experimental Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Diastolic dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is associated with T cell systemic inflammation and downregulation of myocardial unfolded protein response (UPR) genes. The T cell UPR can modulate T cell effector function and immune responses, yet this is largely unexplored in HFpEF.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesized T cells contribute to cardiometabolic HFpEF and that metabolic and nitrosative stress-induced alterations of the T cell UPR modulate T cell activation and diastolic function.
Methods:
Male C57/BL6 (wild-type, WT) or T cell receptor alpha-deficient (
Tcra-/-)
were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and L-NAME for 1, 3, and 5 weeks, or standard chow (STD). We assessed diastolic function by invasive hemodynamic analyses. Immune cells were characterized in the heart and spleen by flow cytometry, and cardiac pathology was assessed by histology. The UPR gene expression was evaluated in splenic CD4
+
T cells over time by qPCR.
Results:
Unlike WT mice,
Tcra-/-
mice fed HFD/L-NAME for 5 weeks did not develop diastolic dysfunction or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, demonstrating a critical role for T cells in experimental cardiometabolic HFpEF. Indeed, cardiac CD4
+
T cells were increased in WT mice fed HFD/L-NAME for 5 weeks compared to STD, concordant with an expansion of splenic CD44
hi
CD62l
lo
interferon-gamma (IFNγ)
+
effector cells. Strikingly, splenic T cells also experienced downregulation of the UPR proteins activating transcription factor 4 (
Atf4
),
Atf6
, and X box-binding protein 1 (
Xbp1s/u
). We found that the
Atf4
arm of the T cell UPR is the earliest responder to HFD/L-NAME, with observed downregulation of
Atf4
and its downstream effector C/EBP homologous protein (
Chop
) as early as 3 weeks, prior to onset of diastolic dysfunction, followed by the subsequent downregulation of
Atf6
and
Xbp1s/u
.
Conclusions:
T cells contribute to diastolic dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in experimental cardiometabolic HFpEF. Early modulation of T cell
Atf4
precedes diastolic dysfunction, enhanced IFNγ
+
effector T cell activation, and global T cell UPR downregulation. Ongoing studies are focused on understanding the functional consequences of impaired T cell UPR in cardiometabolic HFpEF.
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7
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Zhu G, Ueda K, Hashimoto M, Zhang M, Sasaki M, Kariya T, Sasaki H, Kaludercic N, Lee DI, Bedja D, Gabrielson M, Yuan Y, Paolocci N, Blanton RM, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, O’Rourke B, Kass DA, Takimoto E. The mitochondrial regulator PGC1α is induced by cGMP-PKG signaling and mediates the protective effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in heart failure. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:17-28. [PMID: 34778969 PMCID: PMC9199229 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition (PDE5i) activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and ameliorates heart failure; however, its impact on cardiac mitochondrial regulation has not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) in the PDE5i-conferred cardioprotection, utilizing PGC1α null mice. In PGC1α+/+ hearts exposed to 7 weeks of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction, chronic treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil improved cardiac function and remodeling, with improved mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of PGC1α mRNA in the myocardium. By contrast, PDE5i-elicited benefits were abrogated in PGC1α-/- hearts. In cultured cardiomyocytes, PKG overexpression induced PGC1α, while inhibition of the transcription factor CREB abrogated the PGC1α induction. Together, these results suggest that the PKG-PGC1α axis plays a pivotal role in the therapeutic efficacy of PDE5i in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manling Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taro Kariya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hideyuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong-ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Gabrielson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard H. Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Mendelsohn
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Cardurion Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian O’Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Calamaras TD, Pande S, Baumgartner RA, Kim SK, McCarthy JC, Martin GL, Tam K, McLaughlin AL, Wang GR, Aronovitz MJ, Lin W, Aguirre JI, Baca P, Liu P, Richards DA, Davis RJ, Karas RH, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. MLK3 mediates impact of PKG1α on cardiac function and controls blood pressure through separate mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149075. [PMID: 34324442 PMCID: PMC8492323 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1α (PKG1α) promotes left ventricle (LV) compensation after pressure overload. PKG1-activating drugs improve heart failure (HF) outcomes but are limited by vasodilation-induced hypotension. Signaling molecules that mediate PKG1α cardiac therapeutic effects but do not promote PKG1α-induced hypotension could therefore represent improved therapeutic targets. We investigated roles of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) in mediating PKG1α effects on LV function after pressure overload and in regulating BP. In a transaortic constriction HF model, PKG activation with sildenafil preserved LV function in MLK3+/+ but not MLK3-/- littermates. MLK3 coimmunoprecipitated with PKG1α. MLK3-PKG1α cointeraction decreased in failing LVs. PKG1α phosphorylated MLK3 on Thr277/Ser281 sites required for kinase activation. MLK3-/- mice displayed hypertension and increased arterial stiffness, though PKG stimulation with sildenafil or the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY41-2272 still reduced BP in MLK3-/- mice. MLK3 kinase inhibition with URMC-099 did not affect BP but induced LV dysfunction in mice. These data reveal MLK3 as a PKG1α substrate mediating PKG1α preservation of LV function but not acute PKG1α BP effects. Mechanistically, MLK3 kinase-dependent effects preserved LV function, whereas MLK3 kinase-independent signaling regulated BP. These findings suggest augmenting MLK3 kinase activity could preserve LV function in HF but avoid hypotension from PKG1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
| | | | | | | | - Weiyu Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Paulina Baca
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Roger J. Davis
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worchester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Smolgovsky S, Carrillo-Salinas F, Anastasiou M, Kaur K, Bayer A, Aronovitz M, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Abstract 116: T Cells Contribute To Diastolic Dysfunction And Cardiac Hypertrophy In A Preclinical Model Of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/res.129.suppl_1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent cardiovascular syndrome with no curative therapies, characterized by diastolic dysfunction, preserved systolic function, and decreased expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes in the heart. Obesity and hypertension are risk factors for HFpEF and are intimately associated with systemic inflammation. However, the inflammatory mechanisms driving HFpEF remain largely unexplored.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that nitrosative stress induced by obesity and hypertension programs T cells to infiltrate the heart and drive cardiac pathology in HFpEF.
Methods:
Using a recently established model of HFpEF, we modeled obesity and hypertension in male C57/BL6 (wild-type, WT), T cell receptor alpha-deficient (
Tcra-/-),
and Nur77-GFP reporter mice for T cell receptor engagement, using a high-fat diet (HFD) and L-NAME for 5 weeks, or standard chow (STD) as controls. Invasive hemodynamic analyses were used to assess cardiac function, and the heart and lymphoid organs were harvested to characterize immune cell populations by flow cytometry, histology, and gene expression of cardiac remodeling.
Results:
In WT mice, HFD/L-NAME induced significant cardiac infiltration of T cells alongside the hallmarks of HFpEF. HFD/L-NAME significantly expanded CD62
lo
CD44
hi
effector T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. Nur77-GFP mice revealed no antigen engagement by T cells in the heart, however, T cells sorted out of the lymphoid organs of HFpEF mice had significantly decreased gene expression of the UPR gene spliced X box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) compared to controls, suggesting a T cell intrinsic dysregulation of the UPR, and T cell phenotypic changes independent of TCR engagement in the heart. Strikingly,
Tcra-/-
mice did not develop diastolic dysfunction or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, demonstrating a novel role for T cells in this experimental model of HFpEF.
Conclusions:
We conclude diastolic dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in HFpEF is T cell dependent. Ongoing studies are determining whether the observed intrinsic T cell changes in XBP1s prime T cells for cardiac infiltration and effector function that results in diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.
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10
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Good ME, Young AP, Wolpe AG, Ma M, Hall PJ, Duffy CK, Aronovitz MJ, Martin GL, Blanton RM, Leitinger N, Johnstone SR, Wolf MJ, Isakson BE. Endothelial Pannexin 1 Regulates Cardiac Response to Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2021; 128:1211-1213. [PMID: 33641341 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G., C.K.D., M.J.A., G.L.M., R.M.B.)
| | - Alexander P Young
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.P.Y., M.J.W.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.P.Y., A.G.W., P.J.H., M.J.W., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Abigail G Wolpe
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.P.Y., A.G.W., P.J.H., M.J.W., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Cell Biology (A.G.W.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Manxiu Ma
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA (M.M., S.R.J.)
| | - Philip J Hall
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.P.Y., A.G.W., P.J.H., M.J.W., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Colleen K Duffy
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G., C.K.D., M.J.A., G.L.M., R.M.B.)
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G., C.K.D., M.J.A., G.L.M., R.M.B.)
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G., C.K.D., M.J.A., G.L.M., R.M.B.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G., C.K.D., M.J.A., G.L.M., R.M.B.)
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Pharmacology (N.L.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA (M.M., S.R.J.).,Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.R.J.)
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.P.Y., M.J.W.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.P.Y., A.G.W., P.J.H., M.J.W., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.P.Y., A.G.W., P.J.H., M.J.W., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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11
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Richards DA, Aronovitz MJ, Liu P, Martin GL, Tam K, Pande S, Karas RH, Bloomfield DM, Mendelsohn ME, Blanton RM. CRD-733, a Novel PDE9 (Phosphodiesterase 9) Inhibitor, Reverses Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007300. [PMID: 33464954 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmentation of NP (natriuretic peptide) receptor and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has emerged as a therapeutic strategy in heart failure (HF). cGMP-specific PDE9 (phosphodiesterase 9) inhibition increases cGMP signaling and attenuates stress-induced hypertrophic heart disease in preclinical studies. A novel cGMP-specific PDE9 inhibitor, CRD-733, is currently being advanced in human clinical studies. Here, we explore the effects of chronic PDE9 inhibition with CRD-733 in the mouse transverse aortic constriction pressure overload HF model. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction and developed significant left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy after 7 days (P<0.001). Mice then received daily treatment with CRD-733 (600 mg/kg per day; n=10) or vehicle (n=17), alongside sham-operated controls (n=10). RESULTS CRD-733 treatment reversed existing LV hypertrophy compared with vehicle (P<0.001), significantly improved LV ejection fraction (P=0.009), and attenuated left atrial dilation (P<0.001), as assessed by serial echocardiography. CRD-733 prevented elevations in LV end diastolic pressures (P=0.037) compared with vehicle, while lung weights, a surrogate for pulmonary edema, were reduced to sham levels. Chronic CRD-733 treatment increased plasma cGMP levels compared with vehicle (P<0.001), alongside increased phosphorylation of Ser273 of cardiac myosin binding protein-C, a cGMP-dependent protein kinase I phosphorylation site. CONCLUSIONS The PDE9 inhibitor, CRD-733, improves key hallmarks of HF including LV hypertrophy, LV dysfunction, left atrial dilation, and pulmonary edema after pressure overload in the mouse transverse aortic constriction HF model. Additionally, elevated plasma cGMP may be used as a biomarker of target engagement. These findings support future investigation into the therapeutic potential of CRD-733 in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA (P.L., R.M.B.)
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | - Suchita Pande
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.)
| | | | | | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (D.A.R., M.J.A., G.L.M., K.T., S.P., R.H.K., R.M.B.).,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA (P.L., R.M.B.)
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12
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Ngwenyama N, Kirabo A, Aronovitz M, Velázquez F, Carrillo-Salinas F, Salvador AM, Nevers T, Amarnath V, Tai A, Blanton RM, Harrison DG, Alcaide P. Isolevuglandin-Modified Cardiac Proteins Drive CD4+ T-Cell Activation in the Heart and Promote Cardiac Dysfunction. Circulation 2021; 143:1242-1255. [PMID: 33463362 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-established association between T-cell-mediated inflammation and nonischemic heart failure, the specific mechanisms triggering T-cell activation during the progression of heart failure and the antigens involved are poorly understood. We hypothesized that myocardial oxidative stress induces the formation of isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-modified proteins that function as cardiac neoantigens to elicit CD4+ T-cell receptor (TCR) activation and promote heart failure. METHODS We used transverse aortic constriction in mice to trigger myocardial oxidative stress and T-cell infiltration. We profiled the TCR repertoire by mRNA sequencing of intramyocardial activated CD4+ T cells in Nur77GFP reporter mice, which transiently express GFP on TCR engagement. We assessed the role of antigen presentation and TCR specificity in the development of cardiac dysfunction using antigen presentation-deficient MhcII-/- mice and TCR transgenic OTII mice that lack specificity for endogenous antigens. We detected IsoLG protein adducts in failing human hearts. We also evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species and IsoLGs in eliciting T-cell immune responses in vivo by treating mice with the antioxidant TEMPOL and the IsoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine during transverse aortic constriction, and ex vivo in mechanistic studies of CD4+ T-cell proliferation in response to IsoLG-modified cardiac proteins. RESULTS We discovered that TCR antigen recognition increases in the left ventricle as cardiac dysfunction progresses and identified a limited repertoire of activated CD4+ T-cell clonotypes in the left ventricle. Antigen presentation of endogenous antigens was required to develop cardiac dysfunction because MhcII-/- mice reconstituted with CD4+ T cells and OTII mice immunized with their cognate antigen were protected from transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac dysfunction despite the presence of left ventricle-infiltrated CD4+ T cells. Scavenging IsoLGs with 2-hydroxybenzylamine reduced TCR activation and prevented cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, cardiac pressure overload resulted in reactive oxygen species-dependent dendritic cell accumulation of IsoLG protein adducts, which induced robust CD4+ T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates an important role of reactive oxygen species-induced formation of IsoLG-modified cardiac neoantigens that lead to TCR-dependent CD4+ T-cell activation within the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.K., D.G.H.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A., R.M.B.)
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
| | | | - Ane M Salvador
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
| | - Tania Nevers
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (V.A.)
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A., R.M.B.)
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.K., D.G.H.)
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.N., F.V., F.C.-S., A.M.S., T.N., A.T., P.A.)
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13
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Tam K, Richards DA, Aronovitz MJ, Martin GL, Pande S, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Pressure Overload Independent of Intact Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase I Alpha Signaling. J Card Fail 2020; 26:769-775. [PMID: 32464187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) has emerged as a therapy for heart failure. The presumed mechanism of benefit is through prevention of natriuretic peptide degradation, leading to increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling. However, the specific requirement of PKG for Sac/Val effects remains untested. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined Sac/Val treatment in mice with mutation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI)α leucine zipper domain, which is required for cGMP-PKGIα antiremodeling actions in vivo. Wild-type (WT) or PKG leucine zipper mutant (LZM) mice were exposed to 56-day left ventricular (LV) pressure overload by moderate (26G) transaortic constriction (TAC). At day 14 after TAC, mice were randomized to vehicle or Sac/Val by oral gavage. TAC induced the same degree of LV pressure overload in WT and LZM mice, which was not affected by Sac/Val. Although LZM mice, but not WT, developed LV dilation after TAC, Sac/Val improved cardiac hypertrophy and LV fractional shortening to the same degree in both the WT and LZM TAC mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the beneficial effects of Sac/Val on LV structure and function in moderate pressure overload. The unexpected finding that PKGIα mutation does not abolish the Sac/Val effects on cardiac hypertrophy and on LV function suggests that signaling other than natriuretic peptide- cGMP-PKG mediates the therapeutic benefits of neprilysin inhibition in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suchita Pande
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Blanton RM. Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibition in Models of Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Should We Focus on the Positive or Negative? Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e007107. [PMID: 32418477 PMCID: PMC7425775 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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15
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Fukuma N, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu P, Tajima M, Otsu Y, Kariya T, Harada M, Toko H, Koga K, Blanton RM, Karas RH, Komuro I. Estrogen Receptor-α Non-Nuclear Signaling Confers Cardioprotection and Is Essential to cGMP-PDE5 Inhibition Efficacy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:282-295. [PMID: 32215350 PMCID: PMC7091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using genetically engineered mice lacking estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling, this study demonstrated that estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling activated myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase G and conferred protection against cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. This pathway was indispensable to the therapeutic efficacy of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition but not to that of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation. These results might partially explain the equivocal results of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor efficacy and also provide the molecular basis for the advantage of using a soluble guanylate cyclase simulator as a new therapeutic option in post-menopausal women. This study also highlighted the need for female-specific therapeutic strategies for heart failure.
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Key Words
- E2, estradiol
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EDC, estrogen dendrimer conjugate
- ER, estrogen receptor
- LV, left ventricular
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5i, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase G
- PaPE, pathway-preferential estrogen
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- VO2, oxygen consumption rate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cyclic GMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- estradiol
- heart failure
- non-nuclear signaling
- sGC stimulator
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pangyen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Tajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kariya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Khatun Z, Meng L, Martin G, Jahan T, Wei L, Yuan H, Josephson L, Mekkaoui C, Sosnovik DE, Blanton RM, Chen HH. Abstract 434: Acidifying Nanoparticle Upregulates Autophagy and Enhances Cardiomyocyte Survival after Chemotherapy. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity remains prevalent and deadly, with no effective therapy to slow the progression to irreversible heart failure, which in the case of doxorubicin (Dox) can reach 50% mortality. Dox impact on cardiomyocytes (CMs) is multifocal, including oxidative stress, lysosome alkalinization, and apoptosis. PLGAs, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), are FDA-approved polymers, form defined nanoparticles (NPs). We hypothesize that PLGA NPs target the lysosomal compartments, restore lysosomal acidity after Dox, and confer cardioprotective effects.
Methods:
We synthesized fluorescent PLGA NPs by click chemistry. In H9C2 myocytes exposed to 1-5 μM of Dox +/- 1 mg/ml of PLGA, we measured cell viability (MTT), lysosomal pH (OG-514), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1), and autophagy proteins (western blot). We further co-injected C57Bl6 mice with PLGA (10 mg/kg, i.v.) and Dox (15 mg/kg, i.p.), to image apoptosis (Annexin) and autophagy (cathepsin-activatable autophagy probe, ADN, unpublished) after 24 hrs, or 4 mg/kg Dox weekly, 5x, i.p. and echo after 3-4 weeks.
Results:
PLGA NPs formulated are of controlled size and valency, emits near-infrared fluorescence (Fig. A). In H9C2s, PLGA significantly improved survival after Dox (Fig. B), acidified lysosomes (Fig. C), did not impact cell energetics (Fig. D), and further restored autophagic flux (Fig. E). Imaging in Dox mice revealed significant apoptosis reduction and autophagy activation (Fig. F-H), and cardiac function recovery (Fig. I).
Conclusions:
PLGA NPs may represent a novel class of cardioprotective therapeutics of early chemotherapy stress, and with translational potential.
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17
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Calamaras TD, Baumgartner RA, Aronovitz M, McCarthy J, Tam K, Kim SK, Martin G, Richards DA, Baca P, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Regulates Blood Pressure through Kinase Independent Effects in the Vasculature. J Card Fail 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Richards DA, Aronovitz MJ, Calamaras TD, Tam K, Martin GL, Liu P, Bowditch HK, Zhang P, Huggins GS, Blanton RM. Distinct Phenotypes Induced by Three Degrees of Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. J Card Fail 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Myocardial inflammation can lead to lethal acute or chronic heart failure (HF). T lymphocytes (T cells), have been reported in the inflamed heart in different etiologies of HF, and more recent studies support that different T-cell subsets play distinct roles in the heart depending on the inflammation-triggering event. T cells follow sequential steps to extravasate into tissues, but their specific recruitment to the heart is determined by several factors. These include differences in T-cell responsiveness to specific chemokines in the heart environment, as well as differences in the expression of adhesion molecules in response to distinct stimuli, which regulate T-cell recruitment to the heart and have consequences in cardiac remodeling and function. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role T cells play in the heart, including its critical role for host defense to virus and myocardial healing postischemia, and its pathogenic role in chronic ischemic and nonischemic HF. We discuss a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the inflammatory damage to the heart, as well as regulatory mechanisms that limit the magnitude of T-cell-mediated inflammation. We also highlight areas in which further research is needed to understand the role T cells play in the heart and distinguish the findings reported in experimental animal models and how they may translate to clinical observations in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Blanton RM. I Kid(ney) You Not...Natriuretic Peptides Which Promote Natriuresis but Not Hypotension. Circ Res 2019; 124:1411-1412. [PMID: 31070996 PMCID: PMC6510255 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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21
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Zhang Y, Welzig CM, Haburcak M, Wang B, Aronovitz M, Blanton RM, Park HJ, Force T, Noujaim S, Galper JB. Targeted disruption of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in cardiomyocytes attenuates cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215213. [PMID: 30978208 PMCID: PMC6461277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic Akita mice develop severe cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction that we have previously demonstrated is due at least in part to an abnormality in the response of the end organ to parasympathetic stimulation. Specifically, we had shown that hypoinsulinemia in the diabetic heart results in attenuation of the G-protein coupled inward rectifying K channel (GIRK) which mediates the negative chronotropic response to parasympathetic stimulation due at least in part to decreased expression of the GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits of the channel. We further demonstrated that the expression of GIRK1 and GIRK4 is under the control of the Sterol Regulatory element Binding Protein (SREBP-1), which is also decreased in response to hypoinsulinemia. Finally, given that hyperactivity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)3β, had been demonstrated in the diabetic heart, we demonstrated that treatment of Akita mice with Li+, an inhibitor of GSK3β, increased parasympathetic responsiveness and SREBP-1 levels consistent with the conclusion that GSK3β might regulate IKACh via an effect on SREBP-1. However, inhibitor studies were complicated by lack of specificity for GSK3β. Here we generated an Akita mouse with cardiac specific inducible knockout of GSK3β. Using this mouse, we demonstrate that attenuation of GSK3β expression is associated with an increase in parasympathetic responsiveness measured as an increase in the heart rate response to atropine from 17.3 ± 3.5% (n = 8) prior to 41.2 ± 5.4% (n = 8, P = 0.017), an increase in the duration of carbamylcholine mediated bradycardia from 8.43 ± 1.60 min (n = 7) to 12.71 ± 2.26 min (n = 7, P = 0.028) and an increase in HRV as measured by an increase in the high frequency fraction from 40.78 ± 3.86% to 65.04 ± 5.64 (n = 10, P = 0.005). Furthermore, patch clamp measurements demonstrated a 3-fold increase in acetylcholine stimulated peak IKACh in atrial myocytes from GSK3β deficiency mice compared with control. Finally, western blot analysis of atrial extracts from knockout mice demonstrated increased levels of SREBP-1, GIRK1 and GIRK4 compared with control. Taken together with our prior observations, these data establish a role of increased GSK3β activity in the pathogenesis of parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes via the regulation of IKACh and GIRK1/4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JBG)
| | - Charles M. Welzig
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marian Haburcak
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ho-Jin Park
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sami Noujaim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonas B. Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JBG)
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22
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Richards DA, Aronovitz MJ, Calamaras TD, Tam K, Martin GL, Liu P, Bowditch HK, Zhang P, Huggins GS, Blanton RM. Distinct Phenotypes Induced by Three Degrees of Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5844. [PMID: 30971724 PMCID: PMC6458135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a well-established model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure in mice. The degree of constriction “tightness” dictates the TAC severity and is determined by the gauge (G) of needle used. Though many reports use the TAC model, few studies have directly compared the range of resulting phenotypes. In this study adult male mice were randomized to receive TAC surgery with varying degrees of tightness: mild (25G), moderate (26G) or severe (27G) for 4 weeks, alongside sham-operated controls. Weekly echocardiography and terminal haemodynamic measurements determined cardiac remodelling and function. All TAC models induced significant, severity-dependent left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction compared to sham mice. Mice subjected to 26G TAC additionally exhibited mild systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis, whereas mice in the 27G TAC group had more severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction, severe cardiac fibrosis, and were more likely to display features of heart failure, such as elevated plasma BNP. We also observed renal atrophy in 27G TAC mice, in the absence of renal structural, functional or gene expression changes. 25G, 26G and 27G TAC produced different responses in terms of cardiac structure and function. These distinct phenotypes may be useful in different preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Timothy D Calamaras
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Heather K Bowditch
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Phyllis Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA. .,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
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23
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Calamaras TD, Baumgartner RA, Aronovitz MJ, McLaughlin AL, Tam K, Richards DA, Cooper CW, Li N, Baur WE, Qiao X, Wang GR, Davis RJ, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM. Mixed lineage kinase-3 prevents cardiac dysfunction and structural remodeling with pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H145-H159. [PMID: 30362822 PMCID: PMC6383356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiomyocyte growth are incompletely understood. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade modulates cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, but the upstream factors regulating myocardial JNK activity remain unclear. In this study, we sought to identify JNK-activating molecules as novel regulators of cardiac remodeling in HF. We investigated mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3), a master regulator of upstream JNK-activating kinases, whose role in the remodeling process had not previously been studied. We observed increased MLK3 protein expression in myocardium from patients with nonischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in hearts of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Mice with genetic deletion of MLK3 (MLK3-/-) exhibited baseline cardiac hypertrophy with preserved cardiac function. MLK3-/- mice subjected to chronic left ventricular (LV) pressure overload (TAC, 4 wk) developed worsened cardiac dysfunction and increased LV chamber size compared with MLK3+/+ littermates ( n = 8). LV mass, pathological markers of hypertrophy ( Nppa, Nppb), and cardiomyocyte size were elevated in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. Phosphorylation of JNK, but not other MAPK pathways, was selectively impaired in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. In adult rat cardiomyocytes, pharmacological MLK3 kinase inhibition using URMC-099 blocked JNK phosphorylation induced by neurohormonal agents and oxidants. Sustained URMC-099 exposure induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data demonstrate that MLK3 prevents adverse cardiac remodeling in the setting of pressure overload. Mechanistically, MLK3 activates JNK, which in turn opposes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results support modulation of MLK3 as a potential therapeutic approach in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we identified a role for mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) as a novel antihypertrophic and antiremodeling molecule in response to cardiac pressure overload. MLK3 regulates phosphorylation of the stress-responsive JNK kinase in response to pressure overload and in cultured cardiomyocytes stimulated with hypertrophic agonists and oxidants. This study reveals MLK3-JNK signaling as a novel cardioprotective signaling axis in the setting of pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Calamaras
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Baumgartner
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela L McLaughlin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig W Cooper
- Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Li
- Tufts Animal Histology Core, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy E Baur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guang-Rong Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger J Davis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Ledoux T, Aridgides D, Salvador R, Ngwenyama N, Panagiotidou S, Alcaide P, Blanton RM, Perrin MA. Trypanosoma cruzi Neurotrophic Factor Facilitates Cardiac Repair in a Mouse Model of Chronic Chagas Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:11-20. [PMID: 30348750 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi undergo short-term structural and functional cardiac alterations that heal without sequelae. By contrast, in patients whose disease progresses to chronic infection, irreversible degenerative chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) may develop. To account for the contrast between cardiac regeneration in high-parasitism acute infection and progressive cardiomyopathy in low-parasitism CCC, we hypothesized that T. cruzi expresses repair factors that directly facilitate cardiac regeneration. We investigated, as one such repair factor, the T. cruzi parasite-derived neurotrophic factor (PDNF), known to trigger survival of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts and upregulate chemokine chemokine C-C motif ligand 2, which promotes migration of regenerative cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Using in vivo and in vitro models of Chagas disease, we tested whether T. cruzi PDNF promotes cardiac repair. Quantitative PCR and flow cytometry of heart tissue revealed that stem-cell antigen-1 (Sca-1+) CPCs expand in acute infection in parallel to parasitism. Recombinant PDNF induced survival and expansion of ex vivo CPCs, and intravenous administration of PDNF into naïve mice upregulated mRNA of cardiac stem-cell marker Sca-1. Furthermore, in CCC mice, a 3-week intravenous administration of PDNF protocol induced CPC expansion and reversed left ventricular T-cell accumulation and cardiac remodeling including fibrosis. Compared with CCC vehicle-treated mice, which developed severe atrioventricular block, PDNF-treated mice exhibited reduced frequency and severity of conduction abnormalities. Our findings are in support of the novel concept that T. cruzi uses PDNF to promote mutually beneficial cardiac repair in Chagas disease. This could indicate a possible path to prevention or treatment of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ledoux
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Aridgides
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan Salvador
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Smaro Panagiotidou
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mercio A Perrin
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (T.L., S.P., M.P.) and Program in Immunology (D.A., R.S., N.N., P.A.), Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology (T.L., D.A., R.S., S.P., M.P.) and Immunology (N.N., P.A.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (R.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Salvador AM, Moss ME, Aronovitz M, Mueller KB, Blanton RM, Jaffe IZ, Alcaide P. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor contributes to systolic dysfunction induced by pressure overload without modulating cardiac hypertrophy or inflammation. Physiol Rep 2018. [PMID: 28637706 PMCID: PMC5492203 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is associated with increased circulating levels of aldosterone and systemic inflammation. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists block aldosterone action and decrease mortality in patients with congestive HF. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of MR antagonists remain unclear. MR is expressed in all cell types in the heart, including the endothelial cells (EC), in which aldosterone induces the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1). Recently, we reported that ICAM‐1 regulates cardiac inflammation and cardiac function in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Whether MR specifically in endothelial cells (EC) contributes to the several mechanisms of pathological cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Basal cardiac function and LV dimensions were comparable in mice with MR selectively deleted from ECs (EC‐MR−/−) and wild‐type littermate controls (EC‐MR+/+). MR was specifically deleted in heart EC, and in EC‐containing tissues, but not in leukocytes of TAC EC‐MR−/− mice. While EC‐MR−/−TAC mice showed preserved systolic function and some alterations in the expression of fetal genes, the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and the endothelin receptors in the LV as compared to EC‐MR+/+TAC mice, no difference was observed between both TAC groups in overall cardiac hypertrophy, ICAM‐1 LV expression and leukocyte infiltration, cardiac fibrosis or capillary rarefaction, all hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling. Our data indicate that EC‐MR contributes to the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to systolic dysfunction independently of other maladaptive changes induced by LV pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane M Salvador
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Centro de Investigaciόn Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - M Elizabeth Moss
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen B Mueller
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts .,Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80., Boston, MA 02111, USA
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27
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Nevers T, Salvador AM, Velazquez F, Ngwenyama N, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Aronovitz M, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Th1 effector T cells selectively orchestrate cardiac fibrosis in nonischemic heart failure. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3311-3329. [PMID: 28970239 PMCID: PMC5679176 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging data indicating a role for T cells in profibrotic cardiac repair and healing after ischemia, little is known about whether T cells directly impact cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) to promote cardiac fibrosis (CF) in nonischemic heart failure (HF). Recently, we reported increased T cell infiltration in the fibrotic myocardium of nonischemic HF patients, as well as the protection from CF and HF in TCR-α-/- mice. Here, we report that T cells activated in such a context are mainly IFN-γ+, adhere to CFB, and induce their transition into myofibroblasts. Th1 effector cells selectively drive CF both in vitro and in vivo, whereas adoptive transfer of Th1 cells, opposite to activated IFN-γ-/- Th cells, partially reconstituted CF and HF in TCR-α-/- recipient mice. Mechanistically, Th1 cells use integrin α4 to adhere to and induce TGF-β in CFB in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized role for Th1 cells as integrators of perivascular CF and cardiac dysfunction in nonischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nevers
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Francisco Velazquez
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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28
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Blanton RM, Cooper C, Hergruetter A, Calamaras T. Ccdc80 Functions as a PKGIa Substrate and is Secreted From Cardiac Myocytes. J Card Fail 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Background:
Protein kinase G I alpha (PKGIa) inhibits cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and dysfunction. Downstream PKGI substrates remain incompletely understood and represent potential novel therapeutic targets for myocardial disease. We previously identified through a molecular screen that PKGIa binds and phosphorylates the protein coiled-coiled domain containing 80 (Ccdc80; also termed SSG1 and URB) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Previous work also identified that Ccdc80 is secreted from adipocytes. However, the expression and secretion of Ccdc80 from the cardiac myocyte has not been investigated. The current study tested the hypothesis that Ccdc80 is expressed in and secreted from the cardiac myocyte.
Results:
In cultured rat cardiac myocytes (CM), we detected Ccdc80 by western blot. Western blot for Ccdc80 also detected a band of the predicted Ccdc80 molecular weight present in media from these cells, but not in uncultured media. Ccdc80 could be detected in the human left ventricle (LV), though expression did not differ between hearts of normal controls and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In the setting of LV pressure overload induced by transaortic constriction (TAC), we observed an increase in Ccdc80 expression in 1 week TAC LVs, compared with sham LVs (5.0 +/- 0.3 arbitrary densitometric units in sham versus 9.6 +/- 0.9 in TAC; n=4 per group).
Conclusion:
Taken together, our findings identify that the PKGIa substrate Ccdc80 expresses in cardiac myocytes, becomes secreted from CMs, resides in the human heart, and increases in expression in the mouse LV in response to pressure overload. Given the anti-remodeling role of PKGIa, these findings support future studies to understand the in vivo role of Ccdc80 in the cardiovascular system. Future studies will also explore the significance of Ccdc80 secretion from the CM and its potential regulation by PKG.
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30
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Morine KJ, Qiao X, Paruchuri V, Aronovitz MJ, Mackey EE, Buiten L, Levine J, Ughreja K, Nepali P, Blanton RM, Oh SP, Karas RH, Kapur NK. Reduced activin receptor-like kinase 1 activity promotes cardiac fibrosis in heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 31:26-33. [PMID: 28820968 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) mediates signaling via the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1), a pro-fibrogenic cytokine. No studies have defined a role for ALK1 in heart failure. HYPOTHESIS We tested the hypothesis that reduced ALK1 expression promotes maladaptive cardiac remodeling in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS In patients with advanced heart failure referred for left ventricular (LV) assist device implantation, LV Alk1 mRNA and protein levels were lower than control LV obtained from patients without heart failure. To investigate the role of ALK1 in heart failure, Alk1 haploinsufficient (Alk1+/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were studied 2 weeks after severe transverse aortic constriction (TAC). LV and lung weights were higher in Alk1+/- mice after TAC. Cardiomyocyte area and LV mRNA levels of brain natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain were increased similarly in Alk1+/- and WT mice after TAC. Alk-1 mice exhibited reduced Smad 1 phosphorylation and signaling compared to WT mice after TAC. Compared to WT, LV fibrosis and Type 1 collagen mRNA and protein levels were higher in Alk1+/- mice. LV fractional shortening was lower in Alk1+/- mice after TAC. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of ALK1 promotes cardiac fibrosis and impaired LV function in a murine model of heart failure. Further studies examining the role of ALK1 and ALK1 inhibitors on cardiac remodeling are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Morine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Vikram Paruchuri
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Emily E Mackey
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lyanne Buiten
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jonathan Levine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Keshan Ughreja
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Prerna Nepali
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - S Paul Oh
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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McCarthy JC, Aronovitz M, DuPont JJ, Calamaras TD, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. Short-Term Administration of Serelaxin Produces Predominantly Vascular Benefits in the Angiotensin II/L-NAME Chronic Heart Failure Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:285-296. [PMID: 30062150 PMCID: PMC6034497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Temporary administration of recombinant relaxin-2 (serelaxin) in patients hospitalized with HF was associated with improved mortality 6 months after discharge. The specific effects of serelaxin on vascular and myocardial structure and function in HF have not been studied. In mice subjected to continuous 28-day heart failure stimulus of AngII and L-NAME, serelaxin was administered for 3 days (days 7 to 9), and both the acute effects during serelaxin infusion and the delayed effects after termination of serelaxin on cardiovascular structure and function were studied. Temporary serelaxin improved vascular fibrosis and myocardial capillary density and reduced resistance vessel constriction to potassium chloride during administration. These effects unexpectedly persisted 19 days after discontinuation of serelaxin, despite continued exposure to AngII/L-NAME. Serelaxin did not alter cardiac hypertrophy, geometry, or dysfunction at either time point. These findings support that serelaxin predominantly affects vascular structure and function in the setting of HF.
In patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, temporary serelaxin infusion reduced 6-month mortality through unknown mechanisms. This study therefore explored the cardiovascular effects of temporary serelaxin administration in mice subjected to the angiotensin II (AngII)/L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) heart failure model, both during serelaxin infusion and 19 days post–serelaxin infusion. Serelaxin administration did not alter AngII/L-NAME-induced cardiac hypertrophy, geometry, or dysfunction. However, serelaxin-treated mice had reduced perivascular left ventricular fibrosis and preserved left ventricular capillary density at both time points. Furthermore, resistance vessels from serelaxin-treated mice displayed decreased potassium chloride–induced constriction and reduced aortic fibrosis. These findings suggest that serelaxin improves outcomes in patients through vascular-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert M. Blanton
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Robert M. Blanton, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80 Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
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Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Cardiac Myosin Protein C: New Roles, New Questions, Potential Opportunities. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:132-134. [PMID: 30167560 PMCID: PMC6113545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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McCarthy JC, Aronovitz M, Dupont J, Calamaras T, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. Acute and Chronic Vascular and Cardiac Effects of Serelaxin in the Angiotensin II/ L-NAME Heart Failure Model. J Card Fail 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baumgartner RA, Wang GR, Kapur NK, Huggins G, Karas RH, Blanton RM. Expression of Protein Kinase G I Alpha and Its Downstream Anti-Remodeling Substrates in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Calamaras TD, Baumgartner RA, Wang GR, Lane AM, Aronovitz M, Davis RJ, Karas RH, Blanton RM. Abstract 251: Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Functions as a Protein Kinase G I Alpha Antiremodeling Substrate in the Heart. Circ Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/res.119.suppl_1.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
cGMP-dependent protein kinase G I α (PKGIα) via its leucine zipper (LZ) domain prevents adverse cardiac remodeling. Identifying and characterizing PKGIα-LZ dependent substrates may reveal novel therapeutic targets in the myocardium. We previously identified the LZ-containing Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3) as a potential PKGIα substrate. Further, MLK3 whole body knockout mice had increased LV hypertrophy and dysfunction after pressure overload. In this study we sought to further explore the PKGIα-MLK3 interaction, and to investigate MLK3 in human cardiomyopathy.
Results:
We first tested for a direct interaction between PKGIα and MLK3. Using affinity purified recombinant proteins we observed co-precipitation of PKGIα and MLK3 that was disrupted by mutation of the PKGIα LZ domain (LZ mutation: MLK3 binding decreased by 61.61% ±13.6, n=4). In mouse heart the interaction between native MLK3 and PKGIα was observed by co-immunoprecipitation (n=3). PKGIα phosphorylated MLK3 at the activation loop in vitro, which was attenuated by inhibiting PKGIα kinase function (n=3).
We next tested if MLK3 regulates hypertrophy of cultured cardiomyocytes. Adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes treated with the MLK3 inhibitor URMC-099 (100 nM, 48 hrs) exhibited increased cell size compared to vehicle treated cells (23.3% increase ± 3.64 SEM vs DMSO vehicle, n=3, 50 cells per treatment).
Finally, we examined MLK3 expression in hearts from human patients with non-ischemic or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Compared to normal LV samples (NDRI, n=4), MLK3 expression was markedly elevated in both non-ischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy LV samples (MLK3/GAPDH: non-ischemic: 6.26 ADU ± 0.85, n=9, hypertrophic: 6.97 ADU ± 1.42, n=8).
Conclusion:
These data support a model in which PKGIa directly binds and activates MLK3, leading in the cardiomyocyte to repression of cellular hypertrophy. Our findings in tissue from human failing hearts further suggest that MLK3 upregulation may act as a compensatory anti-remodeling signal in the setting of cardiac dysfunction, which ultimately becomes overwhelmed by pro-remodeling signals. More broadly our findings support that identifying PKGIa LZ-dependent substrates can reveal novel anti-remodeling molecules.
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Salvador AM, Nevers T, Velázquez F, Aronovitz M, Wang B, Abadía Molina A, Jaffe IZ, Karas RH, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Regulates Left Ventricular Leukocyte Infiltration, Cardiac Remodeling, and Function in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003126. [PMID: 27068635 PMCID: PMC4943280 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure are strongly associated in humans with increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, T cells, and soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). In mice, infiltration of T cells into the left ventricle contributes to pathological cardiac remodeling, but the mechanisms regulating their recruitment to the heart are unclear. We hypothesized that ICAM1 regulates cardiac inflammation and pathological cardiac remodeling by mediating left ventricular T‐cell recruitment and thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Methods and Results In a mouse model of pressure overload–induced heart failure, intramyocardial endothelial ICAM1 increased within 48 hours in response to thoracic aortic constriction and remained upregulated as heart failure progressed. ICAM1‐deficient mice had decreased T‐cell and proinflammatory monocyte infiltration in the left ventricle in response to thoracic aortic constriction, despite having numbers of circulating T cells and activated T cells in the heart‐draining lymph nodes that were similar to those of wild‐type mice. ICAM1‐deficient mice did not develop cardiac fibrosis or systolic and diastolic dysfunction in response to thoracic aortic constriction. Exploration of the mechanisms regulating ICAM1 expression revealed that endothelial ICAM1 upregulation and T‐cell infiltration were not mediated by endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor signaling, as demonstrated in thoracic aortic constriction studies in mice with endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor deficiency, but rather were induced by the cardiac cytokines interleukin 1β and 6. Conclusions ICAM1 regulates pathological cardiac remodeling by mediating proinflammatory leukocyte infiltration in the left ventricle and cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction and thus represents a novel target for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane M Salvador
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA Centro de Investigaciόn Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Tania Nevers
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA Sackler School for Graduate studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA Sackler School for Graduate studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA Sackler School for Graduate studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA Sackler School for Graduate studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Calamaras T, Baumgartner R, Wang GR, Davis R, Aronovitz M, Kass D, Karas R, Blanton RM. Mixed linage kinase 3 functions as a cGMP-dependent protein kinase I alpha substrate and regulates blood pressure and cardiac remodeling in vivo. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4565543 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-16-s1-a24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Thoonen R, Giovanni S, Govindan S, Lee DI, Wang GR, Calamaras TD, Takimoto E, Kass DA, Sadayappan S, Blanton RM. Molecular Screen Identifies Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein-C as a Protein Kinase G-Iα Substrate. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:1115-22. [PMID: 26477830 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G I (PKGI) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for humans with heart failure. However, PKG-activating drugs have been limited by hypotension arising from PKG-induced vasodilation. PKGIα antiremodeling substrates specific to the myocardium might provide targets to circumvent this limitation, but currently remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a screen for myocardial proteins interacting with the PKGIα leucine zipper (LZ)-binding domain to identify myocardial-specific PKGI antiremodeling substrates. Our screen identified cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), a cardiac myocyte-specific protein, which has been demonstrated to inhibit cardiac remodeling in the phosphorylated state, and when mutated leads to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans. GST pulldowns and precipitations with cGMP-conjugated beads confirmed the PKGIα-cMyBP-C interaction in myocardial lysates. In vitro studies demonstrated that purified PKGIα phosphorylates the cMyBP-C M-domain at Ser-273, Ser-282, and Ser-302. cGMP induced cMyBP-C phosphorylation at these residues in COS cells transfected with PKGIα, but not in cells transfected with LZ mutant PKGIα, containing mutations to disrupt LZ substrate binding. In mice subjected to left ventricular pressure overload, PKGI activation with sildenafil increased cMyBP-C phosphorylation at Ser-273 compared with untreated mice. cGMP also induced cMyBP-C phosphorylation in isolated cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data support that PKGIα and cMyBP-C interact in the heart and that cMyBP-C is an anti remodeling PKGIα kinase substrate. This study provides the first identification of a myocardial-specific PKGIα LZ-dependent antiremodeling substrate and supports further exploration of PKGIα myocardial LZ substrates as potential therapeutic targets for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Thoonen
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Shewit Giovanni
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Suresh Govindan
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Dong I Lee
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Guang-Rong Wang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Timothy D Calamaras
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - David A Kass
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (R.T., G.-R.W., T.D.C., R.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (R.M.B.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S. Giovanni); Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (S. Govindan, S.S.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.I.L., E.T., D.A.K.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (E.T.).
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Nevers T, Salvador AM, Grodecki-Pena A, Knapp A, Velázquez F, Aronovitz M, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Left Ventricular T-Cell Recruitment Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:776-87. [PMID: 26022677 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the emerging association between heart failure (HF) and inflammation, the role of T cells, major players in chronic inflammation, has only recently begun to be explored. Whether T-cell recruitment to the left ventricle (LV) participates in the development of HF requires further investigation to identify novel mechanisms that may serve for the design of alternative therapeutic interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time videomicroscopy of T cells from nonischemic HF patients or from mice with HF induced by transverse aortic constriction revealed enhanced adhesion to activated vascular endothelial cells under flow conditions in vitro compared with T cells from healthy subjects or sham mice. T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and the intramyocardial endothelium were both activated in response to transverse aortic constriction and the kinetics of LV T-cell infiltration was directly associated with the development of systolic dysfunction. In response to transverse aortic constriction, T cell-deficient mice (T-cell receptor, TCRα(-/-)) had preserved LV systolic and diastolic function, reduced LV fibrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation, and improved survival compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, T-cell depletion in wild-type mice after transverse aortic constriction prevented HF. CONCLUSIONS T cells are major contributors to nonischemic HF. Their activation combined with the activation of the LV endothelium results in LV T-cell infiltration negatively contributing to HF progression through mechanisms involving cytokine release and induction of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Reduction of T-cell infiltration is thus identified as a novel translational target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nevers
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Ane M Salvador
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Anna Grodecki-Pena
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Andrew Knapp
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Navin K Kapur
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Richard H Karas
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.)
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (T.N., A.M.S., A.G.-P., A.K., F.V., M.A., N.K.K., R.H.K., R.M.B., P.A.); and the Program in Immunology, Sackler School for Graduate Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (F.V., R.H.K., P.A.).
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Parikh A, Wu J, Blanton RM, Tzanakakis ES. Signaling Pathways and Gene Regulatory Networks in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2015; 21:377-92. [PMID: 25813860 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for harnessing stem cells as a source to treat cell loss in heart disease are the subject of intense research. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be expanded extensively in vitro and therefore can potentially provide sufficient quantities of patient-specific differentiated cardiomyocytes. Although multiple stimuli direct heart development, the differentiation process is driven in large part by signaling activity. The engineering of hPSCs to heart cell progeny has extensively relied on establishing proper combinations of soluble signals, which target genetic programs thereby inducing cardiomyocyte specification. Pertinent differentiation strategies have relied as a template on the development of embryonic heart in multiple model organisms. Here, information on the regulation of cardiomyocyte development from in vivo genetic and embryological studies is critically reviewed. A fresh interpretation is provided of in vivo and in vitro data on signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlying cardiopoiesis. The state-of-the-art understanding of signaling pathways and GRNs presented here can inform the design and optimization of methods for the engineering of tissues for heart therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirath Parikh
- 1 Lonza Walkersville, Inc. , Lonza Group, Walkersville, Maryland
| | - Jincheng Wu
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- 3 Division of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute , Tufts Medical Center, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts.,4 Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) , Boston, Massachusetts
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Pruthi D, Khankin EV, Blanton RM, Aronovitz M, Burke SD, McCurley A, Karumanchi SA, Jaffe IZ. Exposure to experimental preeclampsia in mice enhances the vascular response to future injury. Hypertension 2015; 65:863-70. [PMID: 25712723 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading killer of women in developed nations. One sex-specific risk factor is preeclampsia, a syndrome of hypertension and proteinuria that complicates 5% of pregnancies. Although preeclampsia resolves after delivery, exposed women are at increased long-term risk of premature CVD and mortality. Pre-existing CVD risk factors are associated with increased risk of developing preeclampsia but whether preeclampsia merely uncovers risk or contributes directly to future CVD remains a critical unanswered question. A mouse preeclampsia model was used to test the hypothesis that preeclampsia causes an enhanced vascular response to future vessel injury. A preeclampsia-like state was induced in pregnant CD1 mice by overexpressing soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, a circulating antiangiogenic protein that induces hypertension and glomerular disease resembling human preeclampsia. Two months postpartum, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 levels and blood pressure normalized and cardiac size and function by echocardiography and renal histology were indistinguishable in preeclampsia-exposed compared with control mice. Mice were then challenged with unilateral carotid injury. Preeclampsia-exposed mice had significantly enhanced vascular remodeling with increased vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation (180% increase; P<0.01) and vessel fibrosis (216% increase; P<0.001) compared with control pregnancy. In the contralateral uninjured vessel, there was no difference in remodeling after exposure to preeclampsia. These data support a new model in which vessels exposed to preeclampsia retain a persistently enhanced vascular response to injury despite resolution of preeclampsia after delivery. This new paradigm may contribute to the substantially increased risk of CVD in woman exposed to preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Pruthi
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - Eliyahu V Khankin
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - Robert M Blanton
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - Suzanne D Burke
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - Amy McCurley
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.)
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.).
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute (D.P., R.M.B., M.A., A.M., I.Z.J.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., I.Z.J.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.V.K., S.D.B., S.A.K.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D.B., S.A.K.).
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42
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Baumgartner RA, Aronovitz M, Davis R, Blanton RM. The Role of MLK3 in Inhibiting Cardiac Remodeling and Maintaining Left Ventricular Function After Pressure Overload. J Card Fail 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Blanton RM, Baumgartner RA, Thoonen R, Giovanni S, Govindan S, Aronovitz M, Sadayappan S, Kass DA, Karas RH. Abstract 186: Identification of Novel Protein Kinase G I Alpha Antiremodeling Substrates in the Myocardium. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase G I α (PKGIα) inhibits cardiac remodeling, and this effect requires the PKGIα leucine zipper (LZ) binding domain. However, PKGIα LZ-dependent cardiac substrates remain poorly understood. Clinical trials of PKGI activating drugs have been limited to date by hypotension arising from vascular PKGI activation. Therefore, we explored downstream PKGIα substrates in the heart which may inhibit remodeling, yet circumvent the hypotensive effects of systemic PKGI activation. A screen for PKGIα LZ-interacting proteins identified: 1)cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) and 2) mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3).
cMyBP-C is a cardiac myocyte protein known to inhibit remodeling when phosphorylated. Co-precipitations with cGMP-conjugated beads confirmed the PKGIα-cMyBP-C interaction. Purified PKGIα phosphorylated cMyBP-C in vitro at Ser-273, Ser-282, and Ser-302. cGMP induced cMyBP-C phosphorylation at these sites in COS cells transfected with WT PKGIα, but not in cells transfected with either LZ mutant PKGIα or kinase-inactive PKGIα. In hearts of 9 month old PKGIα Leucine Zipper mutant mice, which have LV hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction, we observed decreased phosphorylated cMyBP-C as well as decreased total cMyBP-C, compared with WT littermate hearts.
We next tested the effect of MLK3, which interacts with PKGIα in the heart, on remodeling in vivo. We performed 7 day Transaortic Constriction (TAC) on MLK3 KO mice and WT littermates (n=5 shams, 8 TAC per genotype). MLK3 KO TAC mice had increased LVH (LV mass/tibia length 71.1 ± 2.7 g/cm KO TAC vs 62.1 ± 2.7 WT TAC; p<0.05). Further, MLK3 KO mice developed overt CHF compared with WT littermates (LV end diastolic pressure 14.8 ± 1.9 mmHg KO TAC vs 7.7 ± 2.1 WT TAC, p <0.05), as well as accelerated decrements in LV preload recruitable stroke work (36.6 ± 11.9 mmHg/ul KO TAC vs 94.6 ± 12.9 WT TAC, p<0.05) and min dP/dt (-6292 ± 519 mmHg/s KO TAC vs −8157 ± 554 WT TAC , p <0.05). We observed no differences in LV structure or function between sham genotypes.
These studies reveal 2 novel PKGIα anti-remodeling substrates, and they support that exploring PKGIα substrates in the heart may identify novel therapeutic targets to inhibit cardiac remodeling but avoid excessive PKGI induced vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suresh Govindan
- Dept of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL
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44
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Zhang Y, Welzig CM, Picard KL, Du C, Wang B, Pan JQ, Kyriakis JM, Aronovitz MJ, Claycomb WC, Blanton RM, Park HJ, Galper JB. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition ameliorates cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:2097-113. [PMID: 24458356 PMCID: PMC4030105 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a major risk factor for sudden death and cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that parasympathetic dysfunction in the heart of the Akita type 1 diabetic mouse was due to a decrease in the level of the sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP-1). Here we demonstrate that hyperactivity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in the atrium of the Akita mouse results in decreased SREBP-1, attenuation of parasympathetic modulation of heart rate, measured as a decrease in the high-frequency (HF) fraction of HRV in the presence of propranolol, and a decrease in expression of the G-protein coupled inward rectifying K(+) (GIRK4) subunit of the acetylcholine (ACh)-activated inward-rectifying K(+) channel (IKACh), the ion channel that mediates the heart rate response to parasympathetic stimulation. Treatment of atrial myocytes with the GSK3β inhibitor Kenpaullone increased levels of SREBP-1 and expression of GIRK4 and IKACh, whereas a dominant-active GSK3β mutant decreased SREBP-1 and GIRK4 expression. In Akita mice treated with GSK3β inhibitors Li(+) and/or CHIR-99021, Li(+) increased IKACh, and Li(+) and CHIR-99021 both partially reversed the decrease in HF fraction while increasing GIRK4 and SREBP-1 expression. These data support the conclusion that increased GSK3β activity in the type 1 diabetic heart plays a critical role in parasympathetic dysfunction through an effect on SREBP-1, supporting GSK3β as a new therapeutic target for diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Charles M Welzig
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIDepartment of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen L Picard
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - John M Kyriakis
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - William C Claycomb
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MADepartment of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ho-Jin Park
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jonas B Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MADepartment of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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45
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Sasaki H, Nagayama T, Blanton RM, Seo K, Zhang M, Zhu G, Lee DI, Bedja D, Hsu S, Tsukamoto O, Takashima S, Kitakaze M, Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH, Kass DA, Takimoto E. PDE5 inhibitor efficacy is estrogen dependent in female heart disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2464-71. [PMID: 24837433 DOI: 10.1172/jci70731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) ameliorates pathological cardiac remodeling and has been gaining attention as a potential therapy for heart failure. Despite promising results in males, the efficacy of the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in female cardiac pathologies has not been determined and might be affected by estrogen levels, given the hormone's involvement in cGMP synthesis. Here, we determined that the heart-protective effect of sildenafil in female mice depends on the presence of estrogen via a mechanism that involves myocyte eNOS-dependent cGMP synthesis and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα (PKGIα). Sildenafil treatment failed to exert antiremodeling properties in female pathological hearts from Gαq-overexpressing or pressure-overloaded mice after ovary removal; however, estrogen replacement restored the effectiveness of sildenafil in these animals. In females, sildenafil-elicited myocardial PKG activity required estrogen, which stimulated tonic cardiomyocyte cGMP synthesis via an eNOS/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway. In contrast, eNOS activation, cGMP synthesis, and sildenafil efficacy were not estrogen dependent in male hearts. Estrogen and sildenafil had no impact on pressure-overloaded hearts from animals expressing dysfunctional PKGIα, indicating that PKGIα mediates antiremodeling effects. These results support the importance of sex differences in the use of PDE5 inhibitors for treating heart disease and the critical role of estrogen status when these agents are used in females.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Kong
- Tufts University School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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47
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Blanton RM, Lane A, Aronovitz M, Wang GR, Thoonen R, Davis R, Mendelsohn M, Kass D, Karas R. Abstract 187: Identification of Cardiac-specific Downstream Substrates of Protein Kinase G I as Potential Novel Anti Cardiac Remodeling Targets. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that mutation of the cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase G I alpha (PKGIα) N-terminal leucine zipper (LZ) domain (in the PKGIα LZ mutant, or LZM, mouse) accelerates LV remodeling and heart failure after TAC, and prevents the anti-remodeling effect of sildenafil. We therefore hypothesized that PKGIα attenuates remodeling by regulating cardiac signaling pathways that are dependent on substrate interactions mediated by its LZ domain. As a first step to identifying cardiac proteins downstream of PKGIα, we screened myocardial lysates for PKGIα LZ domain-interacting proteins.
Our previous work revealed a requirement for the PKGIα LZ domain for the activation of anti-remodeling myocardial JNK activity after LV pressure overload. MLK3 is an MAPKKK that contains an LZ domain and activates JNK. We now demonstrate, by immunoprecipitation, that MLK 3 interacts with the PKGIα LZ domain in myocardial lysates. We show further that 8-Br-cGMP induces MLK3 phosphorylation on Threonine 277 and Serine 281 in WT, but not LZM myocardial lysates. And, in 293 cells transfected with FLAG-MLK3, 8Br-cGMP induced PKGIα-MLK3 co-precipitation, and increased phosphorylation of MLK3 on Thr277/Ser281. Co-transfection of MLK3 and PKGIα also induced MLK3 phosphorylation at the same sites. We next examined the cardiovascular effect of MLK3 deletion in vivo. Male 8 week old MLK3 -/- mice display basal bi-ventricular hypertrophy compared with littermate controls (LV/Tibia length 42.8 + 0.6 mg/cm in WT, 52.9 + 1.8 in MLK3 -/-;
P
<0.01; RV/TL 10.8 + 0.1 mg/cm in WT, 13.3 + 0.3 in MLK3 -/-;
P
<0.01; n= 7 WT, 5 MLK3 -/-). By 14-16 weeks of age, LVH progressed in the MLK3 -/- mice (LV/TL 47.7 + 1.3 mg/cm in WT, 59.8 + 7.5 in MLK3-/-; n= 6 WT, 9 MLK3-.-;
P
<0.01). Arterial blood pressure was modestly increased, though still normal, in the MLK3 -/- mice (SBP 93 + 1 in WT, 113 + 1 in MLK3 -/-). And, 14-16 week MLK3 -/- mice have impaired LV diastolic function (tau 3.2 + 0.1 ms WT, 3.7 + 0.1 MLK3-/-;
P
0.06).
Our studies reveal a previously unknown function of MLK3 as a myocardial PKGIα effector and inhibitor of LVH. Together these results support the strategy of exploring LZ-dependent PKGIα substrates in the myocardium to identify novel therapeutic targets for cardiac remodeling.
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Wang GR, Surks HK, Tang KM, Zhu Y, Mendelsohn ME, Blanton RM. Steroid-sensitive gene 1 is a novel cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I substrate in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24972-83. [PMID: 23831687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.456244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NO, via its second messenger cGMP, activates protein kinase GI (PKGI) to induce vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation. The mechanisms by which PKGI kinase activity regulates cardiovascular function remain incompletely understood. Therefore, to identify novel protein kinase G substrates in vascular cells, a λ phage coronary artery smooth muscle cell library was constructed and screened for phosphorylation by PKGI. The screen identified steroid-sensitive gene 1 (SSG1), which harbors several predicted PKGI phosphorylation sites. We observed direct and cGMP-regulated interaction between PKGI and SSG1. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, both the NO donor S-nitrosocysteine and atrial natriuretic peptide induced SSG1 phosphorylation, and mutation of SSG1 at each of the two predicted PKGI phosphorylation sites completely abolished its basal phosphorylation by PKGI. We detected high SSG1 expression in cardiovascular tissues. Finally, we found that activation of PKGI with cGMP regulated SSG1 intracellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-rong Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Blanton RM, Takimoto E, Aronovitz M, Thoonen R, Kass DA, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME. Mutation of the protein kinase I alpha leucine zipper domain produces hypertension and progressive left ventricular hypertrophy: a novel mouse model of age-dependent hypertensive heart disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1351-5. [PMID: 23657971 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease causes significant mortality in older patients, yet there is an incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate age-dependent hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase G I alpha (PKGIα) attenuates hypertensive LVH by evaluating the cardiac phenotype in mice with selective mutations of the PKGIα leucine zipper domain. These leucine zipper mutant (LZM) mice develop basal hypertension. Compared with wild-type controls, 8-month-old adult LZM mice developed increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure but without frank LVH. In advanced age (15 months), the LZM mice developed overt pathological LVH. These findings reveal a role of PKGIα in normally attenuating hypertensive LVH. Therefore, mutation of the PKGIα LZ domain produces a clinically relevant model for hypertensive heart disease of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111.
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50
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Blanton RM, Takimoto E, Lane AM, Aronovitz M, Piotrowski R, Karas RH, Kass DA, Mendelsohn ME. Protein kinase g iα inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and is required for the cardioprotective effect of sildenafil in vivo. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e003731. [PMID: 23316302 PMCID: PMC3541610 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic GMP (cGMP) signaling attenuates cardiac remodeling, but it is unclear which cGMP effectors mediate these effects and thus might serve as novel therapeutic targets. Therefore, we tested whether the cGMP downstream effector, cGMP-dependent protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα), attenuates pressure overload-induced remodeling in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of transaortic constriction (TAC)-induced left ventricular (LV) pressure overload was examined in mice with selective mutations in the PKGIα leucine zipper interaction domain. Compared with wild-type littermate controls, in response to TAC, these Leucine Zipper Mutant (LZM) mice developed significant LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction by 48 hours (n=6 WT sham, 6 WT TAC, 5 LZM sham, 9 LZM TAC). In response to 7-day TAC, the LZM mice developed increased pathologic hypertrophy compared with controls (n=5 WT sham, 4 LZM sham, 8 WT TAC, 11 LZM TAC). In WT mice, but not in LZM mice, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition with sildenafil (Sil) significantly inhibited TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and LV systolic dysfunction in WT mice, but this was abolished in the LZM mice (n=3 WT sham, 4 LZM sham, 3 WT TAC vehicle, 6 LZM TAC vehicle, 4 WT TAC Sil, 6 LZM TAC Sil). And in response to prolonged, 21-day TAC (n=8 WT sham, 7 LZM sham, 21 WT TAC, 15 LZM TAC), the LZM mice developed markedly accelerated mortality and congestive heart failure. TAC induced activation of JNK, which inhibits cardiac remodeling in vivo, in WT, but not in LZM, hearts, identifying a novel signaling pathway activated by PKGIα in the heart in response to LV pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal direct roles for PKGIα in attenuating pressure overload-induced remodeling in vivo and as a required effector for the cardioprotective effects of sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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