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Live birth per embryo transfer with next generation sequencing preimplantation genetic testing: an analysis of 26,107 cycles. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:379-386. [PMID: 37267227 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2208253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The technique and platform used for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) have undergone significant changes over time. The contemporary technique utilizes trophectoderm biopsy followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The goal of this study was to explore the role of PGT-A using NGS technique exclusively in contemporary in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice. For this, we performed a retrospective analysis of a large dataset collected from the Shady Grove Fertility (SGF) multicentre practice. All autologous IVF cycles which were followed by at least one single embryo transfer (ET) (fresh and/or frozen) between January 2017 to July 2020, were included. Our study group included patients who had PGT-A and the control group included patients who did not proceed with PGT-A. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) per transfer. All age-adjusted LBR was higher in the PGT-A group than the non-PGT-A group (48.9% vs. 42.7%, p < 0.001), except in women <35 years old among single embryo frozen ETs. Similarly, LBR in the PGT-A group was higher in all ages except in women <35 years old (48.7% vs. 41.7%, p < 0.001) when all single embryos fresh and frozen ETs were included. In patients of decreased ovarian reserve, transfer of euploid embryo was associated with higher LBR (46.7% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.001) whereas miscarriages were lower in patients with unexplained infertility (9.3% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.007 and endometriosis (8.9% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.001) following euploid embryo transfer. To conclude, the transfer of euploid embryos tested via NGS PGT-A was associated with improved LBR per transfer in women ≥35 years old.
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Mature Follicle Count and Multiple Gestation Risk Based on Patient Age in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles With Ovarian Stimulation. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:1005-1014. [PMID: 32282611 PMCID: PMC7183886 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of a multiple gestation pregnancy in ovarian stimulation intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles when stratified by patient age and mature follicle number. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single private practice fertility center of IUI cycles performed from 2004 to 2017. Intervention(s) were ovarian stimulation and IUI if postwash total motile sperm count was more than 8 million. Mature follicles were defined as 14 mm or more as measured on the day of ovulation trigger. Main outcomes and measures were rates of clinical pregnancy and multiple gestation. RESULTS We identified 24,649 women who underwent a total of 50,473 IUI cycles. Increasing the number of mature follicles from one to five at the time of IUI in women younger than age 38 years increased the clinical pregnancy rate from 14.6% to 21.9% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.9), almost entirely from a marked increase in multiple gestations per cycle from 0.6% to 6.5% (aOR 9.9, 95% CI 6.9-14.2). There was little increase in singleton pregnancies per IUI (14.1-16.4%) regardless of mature follicle number. The per-pregnancy twin and higher-order multiple gestation risk significantly increased (3.9-23.3%, P<.01 and 0.2-10.6%, P<.01, respectively) when comparing one with five mature follicles present at the time of IUI (P<.01). In women younger than age 38 years with more than three follicles present, more than one quarter of all pregnancies were multiples. Similar findings occurred in women aged 38-40 years. In women older than age 40 years, up to four follicles tripled the odds of pregnancy (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.1-4.5) while maintaining a less than 12% risk of multiple gestation per pregnancy and a 1.0% absolute risk of multiples. CONCLUSION Caution should be used in proceeding with IUI after ovarian stimulation when there are more than two mature follicles in women younger than age 40 years owing to the substantially increased risk of multiple gestation without an improved chance of singleton clinical pregnancy.
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Mature follicle count and multiple gestation risk based on patient age in ovulation induction-intrauterine insemination (OI-IUI) cycles. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Too much of a good thing? High motile sperm concentrations may reduce conventional insemination in vitro fertilization (CI-IVF) birth. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Single thawed blastocyst transfer maximizes liveborn children per embryo while minimizing preterm birth: analysis of 1691 frozen blastocyst transfers (FBT). Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Editor's Formulation. Semin Reprod Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1021417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guidelines for number of embryos to transfer: results from 2000 and 2001. Fertil Steril 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how the quality of blastocysts formed on day 5/6 of extended culture compares with their morphology on day 3. DESIGN Retrospective observational study of IVF laboratory records. SETTING Private assisted reproduction clinic. PATIENT(S) 101 IVF cycles in which 5 to 25 embryos were produced. The average maternal age was 33.1 years. INTERVENTION(S) Embryos were individually cultured in vitro in sequential media for an extended time to enable use of blastocysts for fresh transfer or cryopreservation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparison of embryo quality for putative ET or cryopreservation on day 3 with quality of embryos used for actual ET and cryopreservation on day 5/6. RESULT(S) Of 1,263 cleaving embryos, 559 were judged to have been suitable for use on day 3; 355 would have been used for ET (average per ET, 3.5) and 204 would have been frozen (equivalent to 44% utilization). In actuality, 471 blastocysts were used on day 5/6, of which 234 were transferred (average per ET, 2.3), and 237 were frozen (equivalent to 37% utilization). Only 48% embryos that would have been chosen for ET and/or cryopreservation on day 3 were eventually used in such a manner at the blastocyst stage. Historically, the rate of viable pregnancy from day 3 transfers was 30.5% per transfer; this rate increased to 45% with routine day 5/6 transfers. CONCLUSION(S) Extended culture of human embryos seems to increase discrimination of potential embryonic viability. Criteria for embryo selection on day 3 seem to be inadequate. Extended in vitro culture may therefore be an effective means of optimizing IVF clinical success.
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Embryo Quality Is Increased with Use of No-Glucose Medium When Compared with Low-Glucose Medium. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The debate continues on "money back guarantees". Fertil Steril 1999; 72:748-9. [PMID: 10521125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Environmental endocrine modulators and human health: an assessment of the biological evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 1998; 28:109-227. [PMID: 9557209 DOI: 10.1080/10408449891344191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a great deal of attention and interest has been directed toward the hypothesis that exposure, particularly in utero exposure, to certain environmental chemicals might be capable of causing a spectrum of adverse effects as a result of endocrine modulation. In particular, the hypothesis has focused on the idea that certain organochlorine and other compounds acting as weak estrogens have the capability, either alone or in combination, to produce a variety of adverse effects, including breast, testicular and prostate cancer, adverse effects on male reproductive tract, endometriosis, fertility problems, alterations of sexual behavior, learning disability or delay, and adverse effects on immune and thyroid function. While hormones are potent modulators of biochemical and physiological function, the implication that exposure to environmental hormones (e.g., xenoestrogens) has this capability is uncertain. While it is reasonable to hypothesize that exposure to estrogen-like compounds, whatever their source, could adversely affect human health, biological plausibility alone is an insufficient basis for concluding that environmental endocrine modulators have adversely affected humans. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a potent, synthetic estrogen administered under a variety of dosing protocols to millions of women in the belief (now known to be mistaken) that it would prevent miscarriage. As a result of this use, substantial in utero exposure to large numbers of male and female offspring occurred. Numerous studies have been conducted on the health consequences of in utero DES exposure among the adult offspring of these women. There are also extensive animal data on the effects of DES and there is a high degree of concordance between effects observed in animals and humans. The extensive human data in DES-exposed cohorts provide a useful basis for assessing the biological plausibility that potential adverse effects might occur following in utero exposure to compounds identified as environmental estrogens. The effects observed in both animals and humans following in utero exposure to sufficient doses of DES are consistent with basic principles of dose response as well as the possibility of maternal dose levels below which potential non-cancer effects may not occur. Significant differences in estrogenic potency between DES and chemicals identified to date as environmental estrogens, as well as an even larger number of naturally occurring dietary phytoestrogens, must be taken into account when inferring potential effects from in utero exposure to any of these substances. The antiestrogenic properties of many of these same exogenous compounds might also diminish net estrogenic effects. Based on the extensive data on DES-exposed cohorts, it appears unlikely that in utero exposure to usual levels of environmental estrogenic substances, from whatever source, would be sufficient to produce many of the effects (i.e., endometriosis, adverse effects on the male reproductive tract, male and female fertility problems, alterations of sexual behavior, learning problems, immune system effects or thyroid effects) hypothesized as potentially resulting from exposure to chemicals identified to date as environmental estrogens.
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Contributions of exercise, body composition, and age to bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27:1477-85. [PMID: 8587483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study were to determine whether exercisers have greater bone mineral density (BMD) than nonexercisers, whether aerobic dancers have greater BMD than walkers, and to determine the contributions of energy expenditure, body composition, and dietary factors to spine and femur BMD. Measurements were obtained on 93 eumenorrheic women (walkers N = 28; aerobic dancers, N = 34; nonexercisers, N = 31) ages 25-41 yr; lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intakes. Mean height, weight, and body mass index and median age and calcium intakes were similar for the three groups. Mean (+/- SD) values of the spine, total femur, and femoral neck BMD, respectively, were: walkers (1.092 (+/- 0.098), 0.947 g.cm-2), dancers (1.070 (+/- 0.124), 0.990 (+/- 0.104), 0.908 (+/- 0.106) g.cm-2), and nonexercisers (1.020 (+/- 0.112), 0.887 (+/- 0.073), 0.792 (+/- 0.089) g.cm-2) multiple regression analyses indicated that exercise contributed to spine (P = 0.018), total femur (P =0.012), and femoral neck (P < 0.0001) BMD, whereas type of exercise (aerobic dance vs walking) did not (P > 0.05). Total femoral BMD was influenced by exercise (P = 0.012) and energy expenditure (P = 0.023), while vertebral BMD was influenced by age (P = 0.0067), body weight (P = 0.017), and exercise (P = 0.018). These findings suggest that walking and aerobic dance exercise may provide physically active premenopausal women with greater lumbar and femoral BMD than sedentary females.
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INTRA-OBSERVER RELIABILITY OF TOTAL BODY SOFT TISSUE ANALYSES BASED ON DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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BODY FATNESS AND LUMBAR BONE DENSITY: RESULTS DEPEND UPON CHOICE OF FAT-RELATED VARIABLES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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930 BODY COMPOSITION AND BONE DENSITY OF THE SPINE AND FEMUR IN FEMALES 10???82 YEARS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199405001-00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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884 REGIONAL BONE MASS IN PRE- vs POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN CONTRIBUTION OF BODY WEIGHT AND LIFETIME ACTIVITY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199405001-00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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60 QUANTIFYING LIFETIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN FEMALES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199305001-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cocaine (2 mg/kg) was given orally to 13 healthy volunteers and physiologic, subjective, attentional and performance effects were measured over a period of 4 h. Posner's reaction time paradigm measured the effects of cocaine on performance and on attention to visual cues. Cocaine increased heart rate, systolic blood pressure and pupil diameter and reduced skin temperature. Physiologic effects, subjective rating of intoxication, and cocaine levels in saliva peaked at approximately 75 min and returned to precocaine levels within 3 h. In contrast, a reaction time measure of performance speed on the visual attention task showed improvement for 4 h after cocaine. A measure of covert attention in the cocaine condition failed to show the improvement which occurred in the placebo condition. Less fatigue was reported 4 h after cocaine than after placebo. Cocaine users may experience the drug's stimulant effects considerably longer than the euphoriant effects.
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Nesting Density and Breeding Success of Golden Eagles in Relation to Food Supply in Scotland. J Anim Ecol 1992. [DOI: 10.2307/5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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"The Relationship of Tubal Infertility to Barrier Method and Oral Contraceptive Use". Stud Fam Plann 1988. [DOI: 10.2307/1966634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Smoking histories were compared in 901 women with infertility of different types and 1264 women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals. The relative risk for infertility associated with cigarette smoking prior to the infertility diagnosis for nulliparous cases or first live birth for controls was calculated using a multivariate logistic-regression model to control for potential confounding factors, including center, age, religion, education, number of sexual partners, and contraceptive use. The adjusted risk for infertility attributed primarily to cervical factor (n = 96) was 1.7 (P = 0.04), to tubal disease unrelated to endometriosis (n = 225) was 1.6 (P = 0.009), to ovulatory factor (n = 389) was 1.0 (not significant [NS]), and to endometriosis (n = 191) was 0.9 (NS). The authors conclude that cigarette smoking is significantly associated only with certain types of primary female infertility.
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The relationship of tubal infertility to barrier method and oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1987; 257:2446-50. [PMID: 3573242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied past contraceptive use in 283 nulliparous infertile women who had a diagnosis of tubal adhesions or occlusion and in 3833 women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals from 1981 to 1983. The relative risk of tubal infertility associated with barrier contraceptive use or oral contraceptive use was calculated using multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding by region, age, religion, education, smoking, number of sexual partners, time since menarche, and use of other contraceptive methods. Women who had ever used barrier methods of contraception were at a significantly decreased risk of tubal infertility (relative risk = 0.6; 95% confidence limits, 0.5 and 0.8). When type of barrier method used for the longest time was evaluated, those who used the diaphragm or condoms plus spermicides were at lower risk than those who used condoms or spermicides alone. Overall, past use of oral contraceptives neither increased nor decreased a woman's risk of tubal infertility, but there was evidence that the association between oral contraceptives and tubal infertility may vary by the amount of estrogen and type of progestogen in the oral contraceptive used. We conclude that contraceptive users who use barrier methods that combine both a mechanical and chemical barrier, such as diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms plus spermicides, have the clearest protection against tubal damage.
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Abstract
Visuospatial processing in alcoholics was investigated by aligning two elements along different axes of an equilateral triangle and asking subjects to report the direction the triangle appeared to point when first observed. Alcoholics were not as affected as controls by alignment of the elements. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Abstract
Robust lateralization developed in right-handed adults who were asked to judge letter pairs as "same" or "different" during 4608 trials. By the end of the first two blocks (768 trials) "same" responses were favored when presented in the RVF (transmitted directly to the left hemisphere) and "different" responses were favored when presented in the LVF (transmitted direction to the right hemisphere). This gradually reversed over sessions with "same" responses becoming faster for letters presented in the LVF, and "different" responses becoming faster for stimuli presented in the RVF. The laterality acquired under these conditions was cumulative and reproducible, appeared in all 16 subjects, and was preserved between sessions a week apart. The data suggest that laterality is a flexible and reversible characteristic of the human brain even when stimulus and task remain constant.
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Collaborative study of pregnancy rates following danazol therapy of stage I endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1984; 41:373-6. [PMID: 6538145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy rates following danazol therapy of endometriosis vary widely. In order to reduce variations in patient selection and establish danazol effectiveness, six collaborative centers evaluated 75 infertile patients with normal infertility screening studies and mild (stage I) endometriosis documented by laparoscopy. Following diagnosis and 3 months coital exposure, all patients were treated with danazol for 6 months, and patient surveillance after danazol therapy lasted at least 12 months, with a range of 12 to 34 months. Of the 75 patients treated, 21 (28%) conceived, and the term pregnancy rate was 20% (15 of 75). The low pregnancy rate observed in these patients suggests that the role of danazol therapy for patients with mild endometriosis and infertility should be reconsidered.
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Abstract
Eighteen normal men and women had a left hemisphere advantage for processing a verbal task, but depressed women showed a trend toward right hemisphere superiority. In depression the right hemisphere may share functions performed exclusively by the left hemisphere in normal subjects. Altered laterality may be a trait of depression-prone people or a change related to depressive episodes themselves. In the latter case, the right hemisphere may be compensating for relative deactivation of the dominant left hemisphere.
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8. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198315020-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Descending varicose venography of the lower extremities. An alternate method to evaluate the deep venous system. Radiology 1982; 145:832-4. [PMID: 7146419 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.145.3.7146419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: behavioral and toxicological effects in animals. Biol Psychiatry 1976; 11:355-8. [PMID: 820383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The authors review the research on N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) as a possible "schizotoxin." DMT produces psychedelic effects when administered to normal subjects, the means are present to synthesize it in man, it has occasionally been found in man, and tolerance to its behavioral effects is incomplete. However, DMT concentrations have not been proven to differ significantly in schizophrenics and normal controls. Also, in vivo synthesis of DMT has not been convincingly demonstrated, and the psychological changes it produces do not closely mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors conclude that more data are necessary before the validity of this theory can be determined.
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Implementing a national study of a new maintenance drug. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 1975; 2:289-300. [PMID: 1227292 DOI: 10.3109/00952997509005654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Application of high-speed liquid chromatography to organic microanalysis. II. Separation and polarographic detection of pesticides, vitamins, and analgesics. Mikrochim Acta 1974:641-8. [PMID: 4444575 DOI: 10.1007/bf01218200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Blood and urine levels of N,N-dimethyltryptamine following administration of psychoactive dosages to human subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1974; 38:239-45. [PMID: 4607811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
The reliability of individual differences in patterns of eye fixation during a size-estimation task was studied in normal adults, each tested twice. The most stable measures not specifically related to the stimulus configuration appeared to be the number of fixations per unit time; measures related to dispersal of looking were unreliable. Data on where S looked, the duration of each fixation and the distance between fixation points appeared to follow first-order Markov processes and the transitional probabilities appeared to be individual characteristics stable over time.
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