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De Robertis EM, Driever W, Mayor R. Celebrating the centennial of the most famous experiment in embryology: Hilde Mangold, Hans Spemann and the organizer. Cells Dev 2024:203921. [PMID: 38636902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This Issue of Cells & Development celebrates the centennial of the Spemann-Mangold organizer experiment. This was the most famous experiment in embryology and its reverberations have greatly influenced developmental biology. This historical issue describes the impact of the discovery and is a prelude to the second volume of this Festschrift, which will consist of the proceedings of the international meeting to be held in Freiburg University, at the place where the organizer was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M De Robertis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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2
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Alasaadi DN, Alvizi L, Hartmann J, Stillman N, Moghe P, Hiiragi T, Mayor R. Competence for neural crest induction is controlled by hydrostatic pressure through Yap. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:530-541. [PMID: 38499770 PMCID: PMC11021196 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic induction is a key mechanism in development that corresponds to an interaction between a signalling and a responding tissue, causing a change in the direction of differentiation by the responding tissue. Considerable progress has been achieved in identifying inductive signals, yet how tissues control their responsiveness to these signals, known as competence, remains poorly understood. While the role of molecular signals in competence has been studied, how tissue mechanics influence competence remains unexplored. Here we investigate the role of hydrostatic pressure in controlling competence in neural crest cells, an embryonic cell population. We show that neural crest competence decreases concomitantly with an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the blastocoel, an embryonic cavity in contact with the prospective neural crest. By manipulating hydrostatic pressure in vivo, we show that this increase leads to the inhibition of Yap signalling and impairs Wnt activation in the responding tissue, which would be required for neural crest induction. We further show that hydrostatic pressure controls neural crest induction in amphibian and mouse embryos and in human cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism across vertebrates. Our work sets out how tissue mechanics can interplay with signalling pathways to regulate embryonic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan N Alasaadi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonas Hartmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Namid Stillman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Prachiti Moghe
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Mayor R. Cells & Development: Moving forward and upward. Cells Dev 2023; 176:203880. [PMID: 37918566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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4
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Stillman NR, Mayor R. Generative models of morphogenesis in developmental biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:83-90. [PMID: 36754751 PMCID: PMC10615838 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which cells coordinate their differentiation and migration is critical to our understanding of many fundamental processes such as wound healing, disease progression, and developmental biology. Mathematical models have been an essential tool for testing and developing our understanding, such as models of cells as soft spherical particles, reaction-diffusion systems that couple cell movement to environmental factors, and multi-scale multi-physics simulations that combine bottom-up rule-based models with continuum laws. However, mathematical models can often be loosely related to data or have so many parameters that model behaviour is weakly constrained. Recent methods in machine learning introduce new means by which models can be derived and deployed. In this review, we discuss examples of mathematical models of aspects of developmental biology, such as cell migration, and how these models can be combined with these recent machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namid R Stillman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor; Santiago, Chile Santiago, Chile..
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5
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Le HA, Mayor R. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction mechanics in guiding migration. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1733-1745. [PMID: 37610008 PMCID: PMC10586762 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical properties of tissue are increasingly recognised as major regulatory cues affecting cell behaviours, particularly cell migration. While these properties of the extracellular matrix have been extensively discussed, the contribution from the cellular components that make up the tissue are still poorly appreciated. In this mini-review, we will discuss two major physical components: stiffness and topology with a stronger focus on cell-cell interactions and how these can impact cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Anh Le
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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6
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Sculpting with stiffness: rigidity as a regulator of morphogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1009-1021. [PMID: 37114613 PMCID: PMC10317161 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
From a physical perspective, morphogenesis of tissues results from interplay between their material properties and the mechanical forces exerted on them. The importance of mechanical forces in influencing cell behaviour is widely recognised, whereas the importance of tissue material properties in vivo, like stiffness, has only begun to receive attention in recent years. In this mini-review, we highlight key themes and concepts that have emerged related to how tissue stiffness, a fundamental material property, guides various morphogenetic processes in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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7
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Hartmann J, Mayor R. Self-organized collective cell behaviors as design principles for synthetic developmental biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 141:63-73. [PMID: 35450765 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, molecular cell biology has graduated from a mostly analytic science to one with substantial synthetic capability. This success is built on a deep understanding of the structure and function of biomolecules and molecular mechanisms. For synthetic biology to achieve similar success at the scale of tissues and organs, an equally deep understanding of the principles of development is required. Here, we review some of the central concepts and recent progress in tissue patterning, morphogenesis and collective cell migration and discuss their value for synthetic developmental biology, emphasizing in particular the power of (guided) self-organization and the role of theoretical advances in making developmental insights applicable in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hartmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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8
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Alvizi L, Nani D, Brito LA, Kobayashi GS, Passos-Bueno MR, Mayor R. Neural crest E-cadherin loss drives cleft lip/palate by epigenetic modulation via pro-inflammatory gene-environment interaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2868. [PMID: 37225711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions are believed to play a role in multifactorial phenotypes, although poorly described mechanistically. Cleft lip/palate (CLP), the most common craniofacial malformation, has been associated with both genetic and environmental factors, with little gene-environment interaction experimentally demonstrated. Here, we study CLP families harbouring CDH1/E-Cadherin variants with incomplete penetrance and we explore the association of pro-inflammatory conditions to CLP. By studying neural crest (NC) from mouse, Xenopus and humans, we show that CLP can be explained by a 2-hit model, where NC migration is impaired by a combination of genetic (CDH1 loss-of-function) and environmental (pro-inflammatory activation) factors, leading to CLP. Finally, using in vivo targeted methylation assays, we demonstrate that CDH1 hypermethylation is the major target of the pro-inflammatory response, and a direct regulator of E-cadherin levels and NC migration. These results unveil a gene-environment interaction during craniofacial development and provide a 2-hit mechanism to explain cleft lip/palate aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alvizi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Diogo Nani
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Celulas-Tronco, Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Abreu Brito
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Celulas-Tronco, Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Celulas-Tronco, Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Celulas-Tronco, Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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Barriga EH, Alasaadi DN, Mencarelli C, Mayor R, Pichaud F. RanBP1 plays an essential role in directed migration of neural crest cells during development. Dev Biol 2022; 492:79-86. [PMID: 36206829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development, tissue regeneration and repair, and has been implicated in pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis. It is, in part, directed by external cues that promote front-to-rear polarity in individual cells. However, our understanding of the pathways that underpin the directional movement of cells in response to external cues remains incomplete. To examine this issue we made use of neural crest cells (NC), which migrate as a collective during development to generate vital structures including bones and cartilage. Using a candidate approach, we found an essential role for Ran-binding protein 1 (RanBP1), a key effector of the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway, in enabling directed migration of these cells. Our results indicate that RanBP1 is required for establishing front-to-rear polarity, so that NCs are able to chemotax. Moreover, our work suggests that RanBP1 function in chemotaxis involves the polarity kinase LKB1/PAR4. We envisage that regulated nuclear export of LKB1 through Ran/RanBP1 is a key regulatory step required for establishing front-to-rear polarity and thus chemotaxis, during NC collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Delan N Alasaadi
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Mencarelli
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Franck Pichaud
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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10
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Canales Coutiño B, Mayor R. Neural crest mechanosensors: Seeing old proteins in a new light. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1792-1801. [PMID: 35901790 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces exerted on neural crest cells control their collective migration and differentiation. This perspective discusses our current understanding of neural crest mechanotransduction during cell migration and differentiation. Additionally, we describe proteins that have mechanosensitive functions in other systems, such as mechanosensitive G-protein-coupled receptors, mechanosensitive ion channels, cell-cell adhesion, and cell-matrix-interacting proteins, and highlight that these same proteins have in the past been studied in neural crest development from a purely signaling point of view. We propose that future studies elucidate the mechanosensitive functions these receptors may play in neural crest development and integrate this with their known molecular role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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11
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Publisher Correction: Collective durotaxis along a self-generated stiffness gradient in vivo. Nature 2022; 601:E33. [PMID: 35022614 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Collective cell migration underlies morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer invasion1,2. Most directed migration in vivo has been attributed to chemotaxis, whereby cells follow a chemical gradient3-5. Cells can also follow a stiffness gradient in vitro, a process called durotaxis3,4,6-8, but evidence for durotaxis in vivo is lacking6. Here we show that in Xenopus laevis the neural crest-an embryonic cell population-self-generates a stiffness gradient in the adjacent placodal tissue, and follows this gradient by durotaxis. The gradient moves with the neural crest, which is continually pursuing a retreating region of high substrate stiffness. Mechanistically, the neural crest induces the gradient due to N-cadherin interactions with the placodes and senses the gradient through cell-matrix adhesions, resulting in polarized Rac activity and actomyosin contractility, which coordinates durotaxis. Durotaxis synergizes with chemotaxis, cooperatively polarizing actomyosin machinery of the cell group to prompt efficient directional collective cell migration in vivo. These results show that durotaxis and dynamic stiffness gradients exist in vivo, and gradients of chemical and mechanical signals cooperate to achieve efficient directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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13
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Canales Coutiño B, Mayor R. The mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 cooperates with semaphorins to control neural crest migration. Development 2021; 148:273523. [PMID: 34822717 PMCID: PMC8714065 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells are permanently exposed to a multitude of different kinds of signals: however, how cells respond to simultaneous extracellular signals within a complex in vivo environment is poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 on the migration of the neural crest, a multipotent embryonic cell population. We identify that Piezo1 is required for the migration of Xenopus cephalic neural crest. We show that loss of Piezo1 promotes focal adhesion turnover and cytoskeletal dynamics by controlling Rac1 activity, leading to increased speed of migration. Moreover, overactivation of Rac1, due to Piezo1 inhibition, counteracts cell migration inhibitory signals by Semaphorin 3A and Semaphorin 3F, generating aberrant neural crest invasion in vivo. Thus, we find that, for directional migration in vivo, neural crest cells require a tight regulation of Rac1, by semaphorins and Piezo1. We reveal here that a balance between a myriad of signals through Rac1 dictates cell migration in vivo, a mechanism that is likely to be conserved in other cell migration processes. Summary: Neural crest directional and normal migration in vivo requires both chemical and mechanical regulation of Rac1 by Semaphorin 3A and Piezo1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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14
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Abstract
Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Mayor R. 20 years of the "Practical Course in Developmental Biology" in Latin America: from Santiago to Quintay, via Juquehy, Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Int J Dev Biol 2021; 65:83-91. [PMID: 32813269 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.200049rm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing demand for learning developmental biology in Latin America and a need for advanced students to interact with world leaders of this discipline. This article summarizes some of the efforts that Latin America is making to satisfy the demand in training young Latin American minds for the developmental biology of the future. I focus on a particular course that has been linked to the origins of the Latin America Society of Developmental Biology (LASDB). I describe the motivations to start organizing this course twenty years ago, its history and setbacks. We tracked back the current situation of former students to find out that more than 90% are still doing developmental biology all across the globe. I describe the state of affairs of the Course in its current location in the CIMARQ campus of the Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), in a place called Quintay on the Chilean coast and I ask about its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Durotaxis, the process by which cells follow gradients of extracellular mechanical stiffness, has been proposed as a mechanism driving directed migration. Despite the lack of evidence for its existence in vivo, durotaxis has become an active field of research, focusing on the mechanism by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. In this review, we describe the technical and conceptual advances in the study of durotaxis in vitro, discuss to what extent the evidence suggests durotaxis may occur in vivo, and emphasize the urgent need for in vivo demonstration of durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Collective migration, the movement of groups in which individuals affect the behaviour of one another, occurs at practically every scale, from bacteria up to whole species' populations. Universal principles of collective movement can be applied at all levels. In this review, we will describe the rules governing collective motility, with a specific focus on the neural crest, an embryonic stem cell population that undergoes extensive collective migration during development. We will discuss how the underlying principles of individual cell behaviour, and those that emerge from a supracellular scale, can explain collective migration. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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20
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Cao L, Yonis A, Vaghela M, Barriga EH, Chugh P, Smith MB, Maufront J, Lavoie G, Méant A, Ferber E, Bovellan M, Alberts A, Bertin A, Mayor R, Paluch EK, Roux PP, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Charras G. SPIN90 associates with mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex to regulate cortical actin organization. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:803-814. [PMID: 32572169 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell shape is controlled by the submembranous cortex, an actomyosin network mainly generated by two actin nucleators: the Arp2/3 complex and the formin mDia1. Changes in relative nucleator activity may alter cortical organization, mechanics and cell shape. Here we investigate how nucleation-promoting factors mediate interactions between nucleators. In vitro, the nucleation-promoting factor SPIN90 promotes formation of unbranched filaments by Arp2/3, a process thought to provide the initial filament for generation of dendritic networks. Paradoxically, in cells, SPIN90 appears to favour a formin-dominated cortex. Our in vitro experiments reveal that this feature stems mainly from two mechanisms: efficient recruitment of mDia1 to SPIN90-Arp2/3 nucleated filaments and formation of a ternary SPIN90-Arp2/3-mDia1 complex that greatly enhances filament nucleation. Both mechanisms yield rapidly elongating filaments with mDia1 at their barbed ends and SPIN90-Arp2/3 at their pointed ends. Thus, in networks, SPIN90 lowers branching densities and increases the proportion of long filaments elongated by mDia1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Cao
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Amina Yonis
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Malti Vaghela
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Priyamvada Chugh
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Smith
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick institute, London, UK
| | - Julien Maufront
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Méant
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emma Ferber
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miia Bovellan
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Art Alberts
- Van Andel research institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.,Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
| | | | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Yang J, Antin P, Berx G, Blanpain C, Brabletz T, Bronner M, Campbell K, Cano A, Casanova J, Christofori G, Dedhar S, Derynck R, Ford HL, Fuxe J, García de Herreros A, Goodall GJ, Hadjantonakis AK, Huang RYJ, Kalcheim C, Kalluri R, Kang Y, Khew-Goodall Y, Levine H, Liu J, Longmore GD, Mani SA, Massagué J, Mayor R, McClay D, Mostov KE, Newgreen DF, Nieto MA, Puisieux A, Runyan R, Savagner P, Stanger B, Stemmler MP, Takahashi Y, Takeichi M, Theveneau E, Thiery JP, Thompson EW, Weinberg RA, Williams ED, Xing J, Zhou BP, Sheng G. Guidelines and definitions for research on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:341-352. [PMID: 32300252 PMCID: PMC7250738 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1015] [Impact Index Per Article: 253.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) encompasses dynamic changes in cellular organization from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes, which leads to functional changes in cell migration and invasion. EMT occurs in a diverse range of physiological and pathological conditions and is driven by a conserved set of inducing signals, transcriptional regulators and downstream effectors. With over 5,700 publications indexed by Web of Science in 2019 alone, research on EMT is expanding rapidly. This growing interest warrants the need for a consensus among researchers when referring to and undertaking research on EMT. This Consensus Statement, mediated by ‘the EMT International Association’ (TEMTIA), is the outcome of a 2-year-long discussion among EMT researchers and aims to both clarify the nomenclature and provide definitions and guidelines for EMT research in future publications. We trust that these guidelines will help to reduce misunderstanding and misinterpretation of research data generated in various experimental models and to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration to identify and address key open questions in this research field. While recognizing the importance of maintaining diversity in experimental approaches and conceptual frameworks, we emphasize that lasting contributions of EMT research to increasing our understanding of developmental processes and combatting cancer and other diseases depend on the adoption of a unified terminology to describe EMT. In this Consensus Statement, the authors (on behalf of the EMT International Association) propose guidelines to define epithelial–mesenchymal transition, its phenotypic plasticity and the associated multiple intermediate epithelial–mesenchymal cell states. Clarification of nomenclature and definitions will help reduce misinterpretation of research data generated in different experimental model systems and promote cross-disciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Parker Antin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Lab, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology/Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rik Derynck
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, and Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) and Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruby Y J Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for medical Research Israel-Canada and the Safra Center for Neurosciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Herbert Levine
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Department of Medicine (Oncology) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, ICCE Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David McClay
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Mostov
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH) Avda Ramon y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raymond Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ben Stanger
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology and UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and UK Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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22
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Ollech D, Pflästerer T, Shellard A, Zambarda C, Spatz JP, Marcq P, Mayor R, Wombacher R, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Author Correction: An optochemical tool for light-induced dissociation of adherens junctions to control mechanical coupling between cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1681. [PMID: 32235909 PMCID: PMC7109027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ollech
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Applied Physics Department, Science for Life Laboratory and KTH Royal Technical University, Tomtebodavägen 23A, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Pflästerer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chiara Zambarda
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Pius Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Marcq
- PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Ollech D, Pflästerer T, Shellard A, Zambarda C, Spatz JP, Marcq P, Mayor R, Wombacher R, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. An optochemical tool for light-induced dissociation of adherens junctions to control mechanical coupling between cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:472. [PMID: 31980653 PMCID: PMC6981158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions (AJs) is essential for the formation of cell-cell adhesion and epithelium integrity; however, studying the dynamic regulation of AJs at high spatio-temporal resolution remains challenging. Here we present an optochemical tool which allows reconstitution of AJs by chemical dimerization of the force bearing structures and their precise light-induced dissociation. For the dimerization, we reconstitute acto-myosin connection of a tailless E-cadherin by two ways: direct recruitment of α-catenin, and linking its cytosolic tail to the transmembrane domain. Our approach enables a specific ON-OFF switch for mechanical coupling between cells that can be controlled spatially on subcellular or tissue scale via photocleavage. The combination with cell migration analysis and traction force microscopy shows a wide-range of applicability and confirms the mechanical contribution of the reconstituted AJs. Remarkably, in vivo our tool is able to control structural and functional integrity of the epidermal layer in developing Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ollech
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Applied Physics Department, Science for Life Laboratory and KTH Royal Technical University, Tomtebodavägen 23A, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Pflästerer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chiara Zambarda
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Pius Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Marcq
- PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Capdevila J, Mayor R, Mancuso FM, Iglesias C, Caratù G, Matos I, Zafón C, Hernando J, Petit A, Nuciforo P, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Álvarez C, Recio JA, Tabernero J, Matias-Guiu X, Vivancos A, Seoane J. Early evolutionary divergence between papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1454-1460. [PMID: 29648575 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma and exhibits an almost uniformly good prognosis, while anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is less frequent and is one of the most aggressive cancers usually resistant to conventional treatment. Current hypothesis posits that ATC derives from PTC through the progressive acquisition of a discrete number of genomic alterations and implies that the mutational landscape of ATC resembles that of PTC. However, the clinical behaviour of ATC and PTC is radically different. We decided to address the disconnection between the clinical behaviour of ATC and PTC and the proposed model of the progressive development of ATC from PTC. Patients and methods We carried out exome sequencing of DNA from 14 ATC specimens including three cases of concomitant ATC and PTC as well as their corresponding normal DNA from 14 patients. The sequencing results were validated using droplet digital PCR. We carried out immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies of the concomitant ATC and PTC cases. In addition, we integrated our sequencing results with the existing TCGA data. Results Most of the somatic mutations identified in the ATC component differed from the ones in PTC in the cases of concomitant ATC and PTC. The trunks of the phylogenetic trees representing the somatic mutations were short with long branches. In one case of concomitant PTC and ATC specimens, we observed an infiltration of PTC cells within the ATC component. Moreover, we integrated our results with data obtained from TCGA and observed that the most frequent mutations found in ATC presented high cancer cell fraction values and were significantly different from the PTC ones. Conclusion ATC diverge from PTC early in tumour development and both tumour types evolve independently. Our work allows the understanding of the relationship between ATC and PTC facilitating the clinical management of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Capdevila
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - R Mayor
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - F M Mancuso
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - C Iglesias
- Vall d Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - G Caratù
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - I Matos
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - C Zafón
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - J Hernando
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - A Petit
- IDIBELL, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - P Nuciforo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - J M Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Clinical University Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela
| | - C Álvarez
- Clinical University Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela
| | - J A Recio
- Vall d Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - J Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona; CIBERONC, Barcelona; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès
| | - X Matias-Guiu
- IDIBELL, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona; CIBERONC, Barcelona; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida
| | - A Vivancos
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona.
| | - J Seoane
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona; CIBERONC, Barcelona; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Capdevila J, Mayor R, Mancuso FM, Iglesias C, Caratú G, Matos I, Zafón C, Hernando J, Petit A, Nuciforo P, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Álvarez CV, Recio JA, Tabernero J, Matias-Guiu X, Vivancos A, Seoane J. Early evolutionary divergence between papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1843. [PMID: 31406995 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a wide range of biological processes such as embryo morphogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In such contexts, cells are required to migrate as individual entities or as highly coordinated collectives, both of which requiring cells to respond to molecular and mechanical cues from their environment. However, whilst the function of chemical cues in cell migration is comparatively well understood, the role of tissue mechanics on cell migration is just starting to be studied. Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration in vivo. In this review we focus on the role of viscoelasticity in the control of collective cell migration in various cellular systems, mentioning briefly some aspects of single cell migration. We aim to provide details on how viscoelasticity of collectively migrating groups of cells and their surroundings is adjusted to ensure correct morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis. Finally, we attempt to show that environmental viscoelasticity triggers molecular changes within migrating clusters and that these new molecular setups modify clusters' viscoelasticity, ultimately allowing them to migrate across the challenging geometries of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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27
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are a transient embryonic cell population that migrate collectively to various locations throughout the embryo to contribute a number of cell types to several organs. After induction, the neural crest delaminates and undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition before migrating through intricate yet characteristic paths. The neural crest exhibits a variety of migratory behaviors ranging from sheet-like mass migration in the cephalic regions to chain migration in the trunk. During their journey, neural crest cells rely on a range of signals both from their environment and within the migrating population for navigating through the embryo as a collective. Here we review these interactions and mechanisms, including chemotactic cues of neural crest cells' migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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28
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Integrating chemical and mechanical signals in neural crest cell migration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:16-24. [PMID: 31306988 PMCID: PMC6838680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are a multipotent embryonic stem cell population that migrate large distances to contribute a variety of tissues. The cranial neural crest, which contribute to tissues of the face and skull, undergo collective migration whose movement has been likened to cancer metastasis. Over the last few years, a variety of mechanisms for the guidance of collective cranial neural crest cell migration have been described: mostly chemical, but more recently mechanical. Here we review these different mechanisms and attempt to integrate them to provide a unified model of collective cranial neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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30
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Bobillo S, Crespo M, Escudero L, Mayor R, Raheja P, Abrisqueta P, Palacio-Garcia C, Montoro J, Jimenez I, Nieto J, Carabia J, Martinez-Ricarte F, Castellvi J, Puigdefabregas L, Bosch F, Seoane J. ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (ctDNA) IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DETECTS THE PRESENCE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) INVOLVEMENT IN B-CELL LYMPHOMAS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.3_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bobillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Crespo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Escudero
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Mayor
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - P. Raheja
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - P. Abrisqueta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - C. Palacio-Garcia
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Montoro
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Jimenez
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J.C. Nieto
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Carabia
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Martinez-Ricarte
- Department of Neurosurgery; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Castellvi
- Department of Pathology; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Puigdefabregas
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Bosch
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Seoane
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
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Riesgo-Escovar JR, Mayor R, Wappner P, Yan I. MoD Special issue on "Developmental Biology in Latin America". Mech Dev 2019; 154:1. [PMID: 30527273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Riesgo-Escovar
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | | | - Irene Yan
- Dept Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract
Collective cell migration is a highly complex process in which groups of cells move together. A fundamental question is how cell ensembles can migrate efficiently. In some cases, the group is no more than a collection of individual cells. In others, the group behaves as a supracellular unit, whereby the cell group could be considered as a giant 'supracell', the concept of which was conceived over a century ago. The development of recent tools has provided considerable evidence that cell collectives are highly cooperative, and their migration can better be understood at the tissue level, rather than at the cell level. In this Review, we will define supracellular migration as a type of collective cell migration that operates at a scale higher than the individual cells. We will discuss key concepts of supracellular migration, review recent evidence of collectives exhibiting supracellular features and argue that many seemingly complex collective movements could be better explained by considering the participating cells as supracellular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Bajanca F, Gouignard N, Colle C, Parsons M, Mayor R, Theveneau E. In vivo topology converts competition for cell-matrix adhesion into directional migration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1518. [PMID: 30944331 PMCID: PMC6447549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When migrating in vivo, cells are exposed to numerous conflicting signals: chemokines, repellents, extracellular matrix, growth factors. The roles of several of these molecules have been studied individually in vitro or in vivo, but we have yet to understand how cells integrate them. To start addressing this question, we used the cephalic neural crest as a model system and looked at the roles of its best examples of positive and negative signals: stromal-cell derived factor 1 (Sdf1/Cxcl12) and class3-Semaphorins. Here we show that Sdf1 and Sema3A antagonistically control cell-matrix adhesion via opposite effects on Rac1 activity at the single cell level. Directional migration at the population level emerges as a result of global Semaphorin-dependent confinement and broad activation of adhesion by Sdf1 in the context of a biased Fibronectin distribution. These results indicate that uneven in vivo topology renders the need for precise distribution of secreted signals mostly dispensable. Migrating cells encounter multiple signals such as extracellular matrix (ECM) and chemokinetic factors but how these integrate in vivo is unclear. Here, the authors report that overall control of cell-ECM adhesion by Sema3A and Sdf1 can be converted into directional migration by a biased ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bajanca
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Nadège Gouignard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Charlotte Colle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Kings College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics Room 3.22B, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Szabó A, Theveneau E, Turan M, Mayor R. Neural crest streaming as an emergent property of tissue interactions during morphogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007002. [PMID: 31009457 PMCID: PMC6497294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in embryo morphogenesis is how a complex pattern is established in seemingly uniform tissues. During vertebrate development, neural crest cells differentiate as a continuous mass of tissue along the neural tube and subsequently split into spatially distinct migratory streams to invade the rest of the embryo. How these streams are established is not well understood. Inhibitory signals surrounding the migratory streams led to the idea that position and size of streams are determined by a pre-pattern of such signals. While clear evidence for a pre-pattern in the cranial region is still lacking, all computational models of neural crest migration published so far have assumed a pre-pattern of negative signals that channel the neural crest into streams. Here we test the hypothesis that instead of following a pre-existing pattern, the cranial neural crest creates their own migratory pathway by interacting with the surrounding tissue. By combining theoretical modeling with experimentation, we show that streams emerge from the interaction of the hindbrain neural crest and the neighboring epibranchial placodal tissues, without the need for a pre-existing guidance cue. Our model suggests that the initial collective neural crest invasion is based on short-range repulsion and asymmetric attraction between neighboring tissues. The model provides a coherent explanation for the formation of cranial neural crest streams in concert with previously reported findings and our new in vivo observations. Our results point to a general mechanism of inducing collective invasion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Turan
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shellard A, Szabó A, Trepat X, Mayor R. Supracellular contraction at the rear of neural crest cell groups drives collective chemotaxis. Science 2018; 362:339-343. [PMID: 30337409 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell chemotaxis, the directed migration of cell groups along gradients of soluble chemical cues, underlies various developmental and pathological processes. We use neural crest cells, a migratory embryonic stem cell population whose behavior has been likened to malignant invasion, to study collective chemotaxis in vivo. Studying Xenopus and zebrafish, we have shown that the neural crest exhibits a tensile actomyosin ring at the edge of the migratory cell group that contracts in a supracellular fashion. This contractility is polarized during collective cell chemotaxis: It is inhibited at the front but persists at the rear of the cell cluster. The differential contractility drives directed collective cell migration ex vivo and in vivo through the intercalation of rear cells. Thus, in neural crest cells, collective chemotaxis works by rear-wheel drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Toro-Tapia G, Villaseca S, Beyer A, Roycroft A, Marcellini S, Mayor R, Torrejón M. The Ric-8A/Gα13/FAK signalling cascade controls focal adhesion formation during neural crest cell migration in Xenopus. Development 2018; 145:dev.164269. [PMID: 30297374 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ric-8A is a pleiotropic guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the activation of various heterotrimeric G-protein pathways during adulthood and early development. Here, we sought to determine the downstream effectors of Ric-8A during the migration of the vertebrate cranial neural crest (NC) cells. We show that the Gα13 knockdown phenocopies the Ric-8A morphant condition, causing actin cytoskeleton alteration, protrusion instability, and a strong reduction in the number and dynamics of focal adhesions. In addition, the overexpression of Gα13 is sufficient to rescue Ric-8A-depleted cells. Ric-8A and Gα13 physically interact and colocalize in protrusions of the cells leading edge. The focal adhesion kinase FAK colocalizes and interacts with the endogenous Gα13, and a constitutively active form of Src efficiently rescues the Gα13 morphant phenotype in NC cells. We propose that Ric-8A-mediated Gα13 signalling is required for proper cranial NC cell migration by regulating focal adhesion dynamics and protrusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toro-Tapia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Soraya Villaseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Andrea Beyer
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Alice Roycroft
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Cellular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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Roycroft A, Szabó A, Bahm I, Daly L, Charras G, Parsons M, Mayor R. Redistribution of Adhesive Forces through Src/FAK Drives Contact Inhibition of Locomotion in Neural Crest. Dev Cell 2018; 45:565-579.e3. [PMID: 29870718 PMCID: PMC5988567 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact inhibition of locomotion is defined as the behavior of cells to cease migrating in their former direction after colliding with another cell. It has been implicated in multiple developmental processes and its absence has been linked to cancer invasion. Cellular forces are thought to govern this process; however, the exact role of traction through cell-matrix adhesions and tension through cell-cell adhesions during contact inhibition of locomotion remains unknown. Here we use neural crest cells to address this and show that cell-matrix adhesions are rapidly disassembled at the contact between two cells upon collision. This disassembly is dependent upon the formation of N-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions and driven by Src and FAK activity. We demonstrate that the loss of cell-matrix adhesions near the contact leads to a buildup of tension across the cell-cell contact, a step that is essential to drive cell-cell separation after collision. Focal adhesions disassemble at cell-cell contacts in contact inhibition of locomotion FA disassembly at the cell contact during CIL requires N-cadherin/Src/FAK signaling Cell separation during CIL involves a buildup of tension across the cell contact
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Roycroft
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Isabel Bahm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Liam Daly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillaume Charras
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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38
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Alkobtawi M, Ray H, Barriga EH, Moreno M, Kerney R, Monsoro-Burq AH, Saint-Jeannet JP, Mayor R. Characterization of Pax3 and Sox10 transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos as tools to study neural crest development. Dev Biol 2018. [PMID: 29522707 PMCID: PMC6453020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent population of cells that originates a variety of cell types. Many animal models are used to study neural crest induction, migration and differentiation, with amphibians and birds being the most widely used systems. A major technological advance to study neural crest development in mouse, chick and zebrafish has been the generation of transgenic animals in which neural crest specific enhancers/promoters drive the expression of either fluorescent proteins for use as lineage tracers, or modified genes for use in functional studies. Unfortunately, no such transgenic animals currently exist for the amphibians Xenopus laevis and tropicalis, key model systems for studying neural crest development. Here we describe the generation and characterization of two transgenic Xenopus laevis lines, Pax3-GFP and Sox10-GFP, in which GFP is expressed in the pre-migratory and migratory neural crest, respectively. We show that Pax3-GFP could be a powerful tool to study neural crest induction, whereas Sox10-GFP could be used in the study of neural crest migration in living embryos. Pax3-GFP Xenopus laves transgenic expresses GFP in pre-migratory neural crest Pax3-GFP Xenopus laevis transgenic responds to Wnt signalling Sox10-GFP Xenopus laevis transgenic expresses GFP in migrating neural crest Pax3-GFP and Sox10-GFP Xenopus laevis transgenic represent potential tools to study neural crest induction and migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alkobtawi
- UMR3347 Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Institut Curie/CNRS/U1021 INSERM, Centre Universitaire bât, 110 91405 ORSAY Cedex, Paris, France
| | - Heather Ray
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham MCLM 338, 1918 University Dr. Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Mauricio Moreno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Ryan Kerney
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA
| | - Anne-Helene Monsoro-Burq
- UMR3347 Université Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, Institut Curie/CNRS/U1021 INSERM, Centre Universitaire bât, 110 91405 ORSAY Cedex, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris France
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science&Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Vacca B, Sanchez-Heras E, Steed E, Busson SL, Balda MS, Ohnuma SI, Sasai N, Mayor R, Matter K. Control of neural crest induction by MarvelD3-mediated attenuation of JNK signalling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1204. [PMID: 29352236 PMCID: PMC5775312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are required for the formation of tissue barriers and function as suppressors of signalling mechanisms that control gene expression and cell behaviour; however, little is known about the physiological and developmental importance of such signalling functions. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of MarvelD3, a transmembrane protein of tight junctions, disrupts neural crest formation and, consequently, development of neural crest-derived tissues during Xenopus embryogenesis. Using embryos and explant cultures combined with a small molecule inhibitor or mutant mRNAs, we show that MarvelD3 is required to attenuate JNK signalling during neural crest induction and that inhibition of JNK pathway activation is sufficient to rescue the phenotype induced by MarvelD3 depletion. Direct JNK stimulation disrupts neural crest development, supporting the importance of negative regulation of JNK. Our data identify the junctional protein MarvelD3 as an essential regulator of early vertebrate development and neural crest induction and, thereby, link tight junctions to the control and timing of JNK signalling during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vacca
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Emily Steed
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.,Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie L Busson
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohnuma
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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41
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Bahm I, Barriga EH, Frolov A, Theveneau E, Frankel P, Mayor R. PDGF controls contact inhibition of locomotion by regulating N-cadherin during neural crest migration. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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42
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Barriga E, Franze K, Charras G, Mayor R. How mechanics orchestrate morphogenesis: Mesodermal stiffening triggers neural crest migration in vivo. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Shellard A, Turan M, Szabó A, Singleton R, Mayor R. The front and back of collective chemotaxis. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Bahm I, Barriga EH, Frolov A, Theveneau E, Frankel P, Mayor R. PDGF controls contact inhibition of locomotion by regulating N-cadherin during neural crest migration. Development 2017; 144:2456-2468. [PMID: 28526750 PMCID: PMC5536867 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental property of neural crest (NC) migration is contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a process by which cells change their direction of migration upon cell contact. CIL has been proven to be essential for NC migration in amphibians and zebrafish by controlling cell polarity in a cell contact-dependent manner. Cell contact during CIL requires the participation of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin, which starts to be expressed by NC cells as a consequence of the switch between E- and N-cadherins during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism that controls the upregulation of N-cadherin remains unknown. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and its ligand platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) are co-expressed in migrating cranial NC. Inhibition of PDGF-A/PDGFRα blocks NC migration by inhibiting N-cadherin and, consequently, impairing CIL. Moreover, we identify phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT as a downstream effector of the PDGFRα cellular response during CIL. Our results lead us to propose PDGF-A/PDGFRα signalling as a tissue-autonomous regulator of CIL by controlling N-cadherin upregulation during EMT. Finally, we show that once NC cells have undergone EMT, the same PDGF-A/PDGFRα works as an NC chemoattractant, guiding their directional migration. Summary: PDGF-A and its receptor control Xenopus neural crest migration by promoting EMT and contact inhibition of locomotion, acting via N-cadherin regulation at early stages of development and working as chemoattractant later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bahm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Antonina Frolov
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Frankel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
Collective cell migration critically depends on cell-cell interactions coupled to a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Important cell-cell adhesion receptor systems implicated in controlling collective movements include cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily members (L1CAM, NCAM, ALCAM), Ephrin/Eph receptors, Slit/Robo, connexins and integrins, and an adaptive array of intracellular adapter and signaling proteins. Depending on molecular composition and signaling context, cell-cell junctions adapt their shape and stability, and this gradual junction plasticity enables different types of collective cell movements such as epithelial sheet and cluster migration, branching morphogenesis and sprouting, collective network migration, as well as coordinated individual-cell migration and streaming. Thereby, plasticity of cell-cell junction composition and turnover defines the type of collective movements in epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal, and immune cells, and defines migration coordination, anchorage, and cell dissociation. We here review cell-cell adhesion systems and their functions in different types of collective cell migration as key regulators of collective plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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46
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Abstract
Cranial placodes contribute to sensory structures including the inner ear, the lens and olfactory epithelium and the neurons of the cranial sensory ganglia. At neurula stages, placode precursors are interspersed in the ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate before segregating into distinct placodes by as yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we perform live imaging to follow placode progenitors as they aggregate to form the lens and otic placodes. We find that while placode progenitors move with the same speed as their non-placodal neighbours, they exhibit increased persistence and directionality and these properties are required to assemble morphological placodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these factors are components of the transcriptional networks that coordinate placode cell behaviour including their directional movements. Together with previous work, our results support a dual role for Otx and Gbx transcription factors in both the early patterning of the neural plate border and the later segregation of its derivatives into distinct placodes. Summary: Using spatial and temporally controlled perturbations followed by live cell tracking in vivo, this paper demonstrates that directional movements downstream of Gbx2 and Otx2 are important for otic and lens placode formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Steventon
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Tower Wing Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Tower Wing Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Vacca B, Sanchez-Heras E, Steed E, Balda MS, Ohnuma SI, Sasai N, Mayor R, Matter K. MarvelD3 regulates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway during eye development in Xenopus. Biol Open 2016; 5:1631-1641. [PMID: 27870636 PMCID: PMC5155527 DOI: 10.1242/bio.018945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular morphogenesis requires several signalling pathways controlling the expression of transcription factors and cell-cycle regulators. However, despite a well-known mechanism, the dialogue between those signals and factors remains to be unveiled. Here, we identify a requirement for MarvelD3, a tight junction transmembrane protein, in eye morphogenesis in Xenopus MarvelD3 depletion led to an abnormally pigmented eye or even an eye-less phenotype, which was rescued by ectopic MarvelD3 expression. Altering MarvelD3 expression led to deregulated expression of cell-cycle regulators and transcription factors required for eye development. The eye phenotype was rescued by increased c-Jun terminal Kinase activation. Thus, MarvelD3 links tight junctions and modulation of the JNK pathway to eye morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vacca
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Emily Steed
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohnuma
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Developmental Biomedical Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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Scarpa E, Roycroft A, Theveneau E, Terriac E, Piel M, Mayor R. A novel method to study contact inhibition of locomotion using micropatterned substrates. Biol Open 2016; 5:1553. [PMID: 27744294 PMCID: PMC5087690 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Abstract
Collective cell migration has emerged in the recent decade as an important phenomenon in cell and developmental biology and can be defined as the coordinated and cooperative movement of groups of cells. Most studies concentrate on tightly connected epithelial tissues, even though collective migration does not require a constant physical contact. Movement of mesenchymal cells is more independent, making their emergent collective behaviour less intuitive and therefore lending importance to computational modelling. Here we focus on such modelling efforts that aim to understand the collective migration of neural crest cells, a mesenchymal embryonic population that migrates large distances as a group during early vertebrate development. By comparing different models of neural crest migration, we emphasize the similarity and complementary nature of these approaches and suggest a future direction for the field. The principles derived from neural crest modelling could aid understanding the collective migration of other mesenchymal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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