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Montoro J, Antolín-Amérigo D, Artés M, Izquierdo-Domínguez A, Zapata JJ, Mur P, Carrillo T, Antépara I, Feo F, Moral A, Valero A. Impact of climate change-related environmental factors on the allergens production and the epidemiology and severity of allergic pathologies. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2024; 34:0. [PMID: 38221868 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease affects up to 40% of the global adult population, a proportion that is increasing with environmental changes related to global warming. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify and evaluate the current evidence of the impact of climate change-related environmental factors on the allergen production and the epidemiology and severity of allergic pathologies. PECO criteria were established and guided the literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane databases (Jan 1, 2016 to Dec 31, 2021). Study outcomes were categorized and grouped to facilitate data synthesis. Outcomes were classified as significant (statistical significance <0.05), non-significant (p>0.05) or undetermined (p value not reported). Study quality was assessed using MMAT analysis. RESULTS Of 195 studies, 40 were considered relevant and 9 of them provided data to be included in the data quantitative synthesis. Environmental factors, including the presence of pollutants, temperature, and drought, influenced the type, volume, and timing of exposure to local aeroallergens. The most relevant environmental factor was the presence of environmental pollutants, of which tropospheric ozone was the most frequently associated to changes in allergen production, prevalence, and severity of allergic disease. Also, several publications demonstrated the impact of environmental factors on the healthcare burden. CONCLUSIONS Climate-change related environmental factors increased allergic disease in terms of prevalence, severity, and healthcare burden due to alterations in allergen exposure (volume and type) with the presence of pollutants such as ozone being the most commonly reported driver of such increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montoro
- Sección de Alergia, Unidad Especializada de Asma Grave, Hospital de Arnau de Vilanova - Líria, Valencia, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain
| | - D Antolín-Amérigo
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Artés
- Adelphi Targis, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J J Zapata
- Clínica de Alergia Dr. Zapata, Almería, Spain
| | - P Mur
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital de Puertollano, Puertollano-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Carrillo
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria-Las Palmas, Spain
| | - I Antépara
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Feo
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain 12Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - A Moral
- Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - A Valero
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
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Montoro J, Antolín-Amérigo D, Izquierdo-Domínguez A, Zapata JJ, González G, Valero A. The impact of inhalers for asthma on the global climate: a systematic review of carbon footprint and clinical outcomes in Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023:0. [PMID: 36648318 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) exert some environmental impact due to their effect on CO2 emissions. There are other therapeutic alternatives with less environmental impact that are being widely used. Nevertheless, the choice of the device and the appropriate therapy should answer the clinical needs and the characteristics of the patient. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to estimate the impact of pMDIs, prescribed for any indication, on annual CO2 emissions in Spain. Secondly, we aimed to evaluate the potential impact of switching pMDIs to dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) in patients with asthma. METHODS Systematic review of the evidence published between 2010-2021 was carried out. Average annual CO2 emissions of DPIs and pMDIs were calculated in two scenarios: present and a hypothetical situation involving a switch from all pMDIs to DPIs. The impact of the switch on clinical outcomes was also evaluated. RESULTS The total value of CO2-eq/year due to DPIs and pMDIs accounts for 0.0056% and 0.0909%, respectively, of total emissions in Spain. In the event of a conversion of all pMDIs to DPIs, except those for rescue medication, these percentages would be 0.0076% and 0.0579%. The evaluation of efficacy, handling, satisfaction, safety and healthcare resources utilization was not conclusive. CONCLUSIONS Current CO2 emissions derived from pMDIs account for a small percentage of the total CO2 footprint in Spain. Nevertheless, there is a need for research into new and more sustainable devices. Suitability and patient clinical criteria such as age or inspiratory flow should be prioritised at inhaler prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montoro
- Sección de Alergia, Unidad Especializada de Asma Grave, Hospital de Líria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia
| | - D Antolín-Amérigo
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España
| | | | - J J Zapata
- Clínica de Alergia Dr. Zapata, Almería, España
| | | | - A Valero
- Servicio de Alergología Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España
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Molero A, Gallur L, Tazón-Vega B, Saumell S, Solas TJ, Ezponda T, Montoro J, Sánchez-Ruiz C, López F, Alfonso A, Salamero O, Ortega M, Perez A, Peralta S, Díez-Campelo M, Prosper F, Bosch F, Valcárcel D. Topic: AS04-MDS Biology and Pathogenesis/AS04h-Immune deregulation. Leuk Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106681.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Molero A, Tazón-Vega B, Gallur L, Saumell S, Solas TJ, Ezponda T, López F, Altimiras L, Montoro J, Sánchez-Ruiz C, Alfonso A, Salamero O, Ortega M, Perez A, Peralta S, Díez-Campelo M, Prosper F, Bosch F, Valcárcel D. Topic: AS04-MDS Biology and Pathogenesis/AS04h-Immune deregulation. Leuk Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106681.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sánchez-Hernández MC, Dordal MT, Navarro AM, Dávila I, Fernández-Parra B, Colás C, Rondón C, Del Cuvillo A, Vega F, Montoro J, Lluch-Bernal M, Matheu V, Campo P, González ML, González-Pérez R, Izquierdo-Domínguez A, Puiggros A, Velasco M, Fernández-Palacín A, Valero A. Severity and duration of allergic conjunctivitis: are they associated with severity and duration of allergic rhinitis and asthma? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 54:277-283. [PMID: 34313088 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Objective. The association of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) with rhinitis and/or asthma is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to apply the Consensus Document for Allergic Conjunctivitis (DECA) criteria for the classification of AC to a population of patients with AC to assess the association between the severity and duration of AC and rhinitis and/or asthma. Methods. Patients with ocular symptoms of AC who participated in the 'Alergológica 2015' study were included. The demographics, classification according to the DECA criteria, etiology, and comorbidities were evaluated by age groups (less or equal than 14 and greater than 14 years). Results. A total of 2,914 patients (age range, 1-90 years) were included in the "Alergológica 2015" study. Of these, 965 patients (33.1%) were diagnosed with AC (77.5% > 14 years). AC was classified as severe, moderate, or mild in 1.8%, 46.4%, and 51.8%, respectively; and as intermittent or persistent in 51.6% and 48.4% of the patients. AC alone occurred in 4% of patients. AC was mainly associated with rhinitis (88.4%), asthma (38.2%), food allergy (8.3%) and atopic dermatitis (3.5%). In allergic respiratory disease rhinitis preceded AC and asthma developed later. The severity and duration of AC was significantly associated with severity and duration of rhinitis (p less than 0.001 for both age groups) and asthma (p less than 0.001 only in adults). Conclusions. The application of the new DECA classification for AC reveals a direct relationship between AC, rhinitis and asthma respect to severity and duration. These relationships suggest that AC should be considered an integral part of the "one airway, one disease" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M T Dordal
- Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - A M Navarro
- Allergology UGS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - B Fernández-Parra
- Department of Allergology, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain
| | - C Colás
- Department of Allergology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Rondón
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga-ARADyAL, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Del Cuvillo
- Asthma and Rhinitis Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de Jerez, Jerez, Spain
| | - F Vega
- Department of Allergology, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Montoro
- Allergy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Líria, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Lluch-Bernal
- Department of Allergology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Matheu
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Campo
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga-ARADyAL, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - M L González
- Department of Allergology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - R González-Pérez
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Izquierdo-Domínguez
- Allergy Service, Allergy Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Clinica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Puiggros
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Velasco
- Allergy Unit, CCEE Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Palacín
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Valero
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
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Gutierrez A, Bento L, Novelli S, Gutierrez G, Salas Q, Bastos‐Oreiro M, Perez A, Hernani R, Viguria MC, Lopez‐Godino O, Montoro J, Piñana JL, Ferra C, Parody R, Martin C, Gomez‐Espuch J, Yañez L, Rodriguez G, Zanabilli J, Herrera P, Varela MR, Sampol A, Caballero MD. CURRENT ROLE OF ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA IN THE ERA OF NEW IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC AND TARGETED THERAPIES. THE GETH/GELTAMO EXPERIENCE. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.56_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gutierrez
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases Hematology 07120 Spain
| | - L. Bento
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases Hematology 07120 Spain
| | - S. Novelli
- Hospital Sant Pau Hematology Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Q. Salas
- Hospital Clinic Hematology Barcelona Spain
| | | | - A. Perez
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia Hematology Valencia Spain
| | - R. Hernani
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia Hematology Valencia Spain
| | | | | | - J. Montoro
- Hospital La Fe Hematology Valencia Spain
| | | | - C. Ferra
- Hospital de Can Ruti Hematology Badalona Spain
| | - R. Parody
- Hospital de Bellvitge Hematologyi Barcelona Spain
| | - C. Martin
- Hospital Reina Sofia Hematology Cordoba Spain
| | | | - L. Yañez
- Hospital de Valldecilla Hematology Santander Spain
| | - G. Rodriguez
- Hospital Virgen del Rocio Hematology Sevilla Spain
| | - J. Zanabilli
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Hematology Oviedo Spain
| | - P. Herrera
- Hospital Ramon y Cajal Hematology Madrid Spain
| | - M. R. Varela
- Hospital Juan Canelejo Hematology La Coruña Spain
| | - A. Sampol
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases Hematology 07120 Spain
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Bobillo S, Crespo M, Escudero L, Mayor R, Raheja P, Abrisqueta P, Palacio-Garcia C, Montoro J, Jimenez I, Nieto J, Carabia J, Martinez-Ricarte F, Castellvi J, Puigdefabregas L, Bosch F, Seoane J. ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (ctDNA) IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DETECTS THE PRESENCE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) INVOLVEMENT IN B-CELL LYMPHOMAS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.3_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bobillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Crespo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Escudero
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Mayor
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - P. Raheja
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - P. Abrisqueta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - C. Palacio-Garcia
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Montoro
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Jimenez
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J.C. Nieto
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Carabia
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Martinez-Ricarte
- Department of Neurosurgery; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Castellvi
- Department of Pathology; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Puigdefabregas
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Bosch
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Seoane
- Gene Expression and Cancer Group; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH); Barcelona Spain
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Montoro J, Miquel FJ, Quecedo E, Martínez M, Orduña A, Gimeno E, Valverde A. Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis: A Complex Case. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018; 28:348-350. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bobillo S, Abrisqueta P, Sánchez-González B, Giné E, Romero S, Alcoceba M, González-Barca E, González de Villambrosía S, Sancho JM, Gómez P, Bento L, Montoro J, Montes S, López A, Bosch F. Posttransplant monomorphic Burkitt’s lymphoma: clinical characteristics and outcome of a multicenter series. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2417-2424. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Jauregui I, Del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Davila I, Sastre J, Bartra J, Ferrer M, Alobid I, Mullol J, Valero AL. Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults. Rhinology 2018. [PMID: 28887880 DOI: 10.4193/rhin17.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Although a number of studies have described AR, no studies compared children and adult AR populations. The objective was to compare the AR characteristics between two AR cohorts of children and adults. METHODS Two AR cohorts (children and adults) from Spain were studied through observational cross-sectional multicentre studies. AR was classified based on classical (allergen exposure), original (o-ARIA), and modified (m-ARIA) ARIA criteria. AR was evaluated by Total 4-Symptoms Score (T4SS), and disease severity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm). AR comorbidities were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 5,405 patients (1,275 children, 4,130 adults) were studied. According to symptoms duration, intermittent AR was more frequent in children than in adults. Using o-ARIA severity, more children than adults had moderate/severe AR while, using m-ARIA, more children than adults had severe AR. T4SS was higher in adults than in children. Moreover, VAS was also higher in adults than in children. In addition, asthma atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis were more associated to children than adults with AR, the frequency of this comorbidities increasing according to higher severity. CONCLUSIONS AR in children was more intermittent, severe, with less symptoms but with more comorbidities than in adults. These results suggest AR has similarities but also significant differences between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Izquierdo-Dominguez
- Servicio de Alergologia, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa and Clinica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Jauregui
- Servicio de Alergologia, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Del Cuvillo
- Unidad de Rinitis y Asma, UGC ORL, Hospital de Jerez, Cadiz, Spain
| | - J Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Davila
- Servicio de Inmuno-Alergia, Hospital Clinico, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Servicio de Alergia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bartra
- Servicio de Neumologia y Alergia, Hospital Clinic i Universitari, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergia, Clinica Universitaria Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Alobid
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei d Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica em Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Mullol
- Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei d Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias
| | - A L Valero
- Servicio de Neumologia y Alergia, Hospital Clinic i Universitari; Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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11
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Del Cuvillo A, Santos V, Montoro J, Bartra J, Davila I, Ferrer M, Jauregui I, Sastre J, Mullol J, Valero A. Allergic rhinitis severity can be assessed using a visual analogue scale in mild, moderate and severe. Rhinology 2017; 55:34-38. [PMID: 28019644 DOI: 10.4193/rhin16.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a global healthcare problem due to its high prevalence, impact on individuals and socioeconomic burden for the nations. Allergic rhinitis severity evaluation is the key to a correct treatment, prevention of comorbidities and improving the quality of life of patients. This evaluation should be made with a simple, easy, fast but accurate and reliable methodology, both in a primary care and specialist setting. The visual analogue scale (VAS) meets all requirements to be the ideal tool to assess allergic rhinitis severity and has already been validated by using a single cut-off point, but this classification in two degrees of severity suffer from not allocating the patients uniformly and from giving a blind interval to classify the patients when the score is between 5 to 6 cm. METHODOLOGY The main objective of our study is to describe the optimal cut-off points by using a VAS to discriminate between three degrees of allergic rhinitis severity (mild, moderate, and severe) following the ARIA modified severity criteria that has been previously validated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values just like receiver operating characteristic curves were used to select the best cut-off values. RESULTS In a cross-sectional multicentre study with 3,572 patients included we have found that VAS has a significant correlation with nasal symptom score and quality of life and that the best cut-off points to differentiate between mild, moderate an severe allergic rhinitis are a VAS score of 4 and 7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Allergic rhinitis severity could be assessed in three degrees by using VAS in a simple, easy, and accurate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Cuvillo
- Unidad de Rinologia y asma, UGC ORL Hospital de Jerez del Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Cadiz, Spain
| | - V Santos
- Fundacion para la gestion de la Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz, Spain
| | - J Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Bartra
- Unitat d Al.lergia, Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lergia Respiratoria, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Davila
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergologia e Inmunologia Clinica, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Jauregui
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Servicio de Alergia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mullol
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei dOtorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Valero
- Unitat d Al.lergia, Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lergia Respiratoria, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Colás C, Brosa M, Antón E, Montoro J, Navarro A, Dordal MT, Dávila I, Fernández-Parra B, Ibáñez MDP, Lluch-Bernal M, Matheu V, Rondón C, Sánchez MC, Valero A. Estimate of the total costs of allergic rhinitis in specialized care based on real-world data: the FERIN Study. Allergy 2017; 72:959-966. [PMID: 27886391 DOI: 10.1111/all.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the socioeconomic importance of allergic rhinitis (AR), very few prospective studies have been performed under conditions of clinical practice and with a sufficiently long observation period outside the clinical trial scenario. We prospectively estimated the direct and indirect costs of AR in patients attending specialized clinics in Spain. METHODS Patients were recruited at random from allergy outpatient clinics in 101 health centers throughout Spain over 12 months. We performed a multicenter, observational, prospective study under conditions of clinical practice. We analyzed direct costs from a funder perspective (healthcare costs) and from a societal perspective (healthcare and non-healthcare costs). Indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism [productivity lost in the workplace]) were also calculated. The cost of treating conjunctivitis was evaluated alongside that of AR. RESULTS The total mean cost of AR per patient-year (n = 498) was €2326.70 (direct, €553.80; indirect, €1772.90). Direct costs were significantly higher in women (€600.34 vs €484.46, P = 0.02). Total costs for intermittent AR were significantly lower than for persistent AR (€1484.98 vs €2655.86, P < 0.001). Total indirect costs reached €1772.90 (presenteeism, €1682.71; absenteeism, €90.19). The direct costs of AR in patients with intermittent asthma (€507.35) were lower than in patients with mild-persistent asthma (€719.07) and moderate-persistent asthma (€798.71) (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The total cost of AR for society is considerable. Greater frequency of symptoms and more severe AR are associated with higher costs. Indirect costs are almost threefold direct costs, especially in presenteeism. A reduction in presenteeism would generate considerable savings for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Colás
- Department of Allergology; Hospital Clínico-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón; Zaragoza Spain
| | - M. Brosa
- Oblikue Consulting; Barcelona Spain
| | - E. Antón
- Department of Allergology; University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla; Santander Spain
| | - J. Montoro
- Allergy Unit; Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”; Valencia Spain
| | - A. Navarro
- UGC Intercentros Alergología de Sevilla; Hospital El Tomillar; Sevilla Spain
| | - M. T. Dordal
- Department of Allergology; Hospital Municipal; Badalona Serveis Assistencials; Badalona Spain
- Sant Pere Claver Fundació Sanitària; Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Dávila
- Department of Allergology; University Hospital of Salamanca; Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias de Salamanca; IBSAL; Salamanca Spain
| | | | - M. D. P. Ibáñez
- Department of Allergology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; IIS Princesa; Madrid Spain
| | | | - V. Matheu
- Department of Allergology; Hospital Universitario de Canarias; Tenerife Spain
| | - C. Rondón
- Allergy Unit; IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - M. C. Sánchez
- UGC Neumología-Alergia; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Huelva; Spain
| | - A. Valero
- Allergy Unit; Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia Respiratòria; Hospital Clínic; Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Barcelona Spain
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Calvo X, Arenillas L, Luño E, Senent L, Arnan M, Ramos F, Pedro C, Tormo M, Montoro J, Diez-Campelo M, Blanco M, Arrizabalaga B, Xicoy B, Bonanad S, Jerez A, Nomdedeu M, Ferrer A, Sanz G, Florensa L. Calculating IPSS-R by Enumerating Bone Marrow Blasts from Nonerythroid Cellularity Improves Outcome Prediction in MDS with Erythroid Predominance. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Senent L, Lorenzo I, Vicente A, Alonso E, Sanzo C, Ramos F, Arenillas L, Orero M, Navarro B, Marco V, Campelo MD, Jérez A, Montoro J, Arrizabalaga B, Bonanad S, Lluch R, Paz R, Font P, Gomis F, Sanz G. Prognostic Implication of the Percentage of Erythroid Cells in Bone Marrow at Diagnosis in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Molero A, Mora E, Ávila F, Revelles M, Merchan B, Regadera A, Alonso S, Montoro J, Martin M, Benlloch L, Garcia R, Bernal T, Sanz G, Valcárcel D. Long Tracking Analysis About Management of Azacitidine in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Merchan B, Casares V, Salamero O, Carpio C, Gallur L, Molero A, Blanco A, Montoro J, Tazon B, Valcarcel D. Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients Diagnosed with AML and MDS Who Were Excluded from Clinical Trials. A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vega F, Panizo C, Dordal M, González M, Velázquez E, Valero A, Sánchez M, Rondón C, Montoro J, Matheu V, Lluch-Bernal M, González R, Fernández-Parra B, Del Cuvillo A, Dávila I, Colás C, Campo P, Antón E, Navarro A. Relationship between respiratory and food allergy and evaluation of preventive measures. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:263-75. [PMID: 26316421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy and respiratory allergy are two frequently associated diseases and with an increasing prevalence. Several reports show the presence of respiratory symptoms in patients with food allergy, while certain foods may be related to the development or exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and asthma. The present update focuses on this relationship, revealing a pathogenic and clinical association between food and respiratory allergy. This association is even more intense when the food hypersensitivity is persistent or starts in the early years of life. Food allergy usually precedes respiratory allergy and may be a risk factor for allergic rhinitis and asthma, becoming a relevant clinical marker for severe atopic asthma. Furthermore, the presence of co-existing asthma may enhance life-threatening symptoms occurring during a food allergic reaction. Recommendations for dietary restrictions during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent the development of respiratory allergy are controversial and not supported by consistent scientific data. Current recommendations from medical societies propose exclusive breastfeeding during the first four months of life, with the introduction of solid food in the fourth to the seventh month period of life. A delayed introduction of solid food after this period may increase the risk of developing subsequent allergic conditions. Further studies are encouraged to avoid unjustified recommendations involving useless dietary restrictions.
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Necchi A, Miceli R, Bregni M, Bokemeyer C, Berger LA, Oechsle K, Schumacher K, Kanfer E, Bourhis JH, Massard C, Laszlo D, Montoro J, Flechon A, Arpaci F, Secondino S, Wuchter P, Dreger P, Crysandt M, Worel N, Kruger W, Ringhoffer M, Unal A, Nagler A, Campos A, Wahlin A, Michieli M, Sucak G, Donnini I, Schots R, Ifrah N, Badoglio M, Martino M, Raggi D, Giannatempo P, Rosti G, Pedrazzoli P, Lanza F. Prognostic impact of progression to induction chemotherapy and prior paclitaxel therapy in patients with germ cell tumors receiving salvage high-dose chemotherapy in the last 10 years: a study of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Solid Tumors Working Party. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 51:384-90. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Merchan B, Ortega M, Llamas-Poyato M, Cortés M, Arnan M, Cerveró C, Montoro J, Gimenez T, López M, Arenillas L, Valcarcel D. 271 ACQUISITION OF CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH IPSS LOW AND INTERMEDIATE-1 RISK. STUDY FROM THE SPANISH GROUP OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lluch-Bernal M, Dordal MT, Antón E, Campo P, Colás C, Dávila I, Del Cuvillo Bernal A, Fernández-Parra B, González R, González ML, Matheu V, Montoro J, Panizo C, Rondón C, Sánchez MC, Valero A, Vega F, Velázquez E, Navarro A. Nasal Hyperreactivity: Nonspecific Nasal Provocation Tests. Review by the Rhinoconjunctivitis Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015; 25:396-407. [PMID: 26817136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal hyperreactivity is the abnormal reaction of nasal tissue to a stimulus that is innocuous to most people. This response is caused by dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system at various levels of the nasal autonomic reflex arc. Various stimuli (methacholine, histamine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, cold air, mannitol, rapsaicin, phentolamine, and distilled water) have been used in an attempt to find the test that most reliably differentiates between healthy individuals and patients and also between different types of rhinitis. Despite the small number of publications available, in the present review, we provide an update on current nonspecific nasal provocation techniques. The studies published to date are not comparable: the stimuli applied act through different mechanisms and are used to assess different pathways, and the methodologies differ in terms of selection of participants, concentrations used, and assessment of response (criteria for positivity). Given the limited use of nonspecific nasal provocation tests in routine clinical practice, we believe that more studies are warranted to address the research issues we present at the end of the present review, for example, the need to standardize the methodology for each test or even the clinical benefits of knowing whether or not a patient has nasal hyperreactivity.
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Sánchez-Hernández MC, Montero J, Rondon C, Benitez del Castillo JM, Velázquez E, Herreras JM, Fernández-Parra B, Merayo-Lloves J, Del Cuvillo A, Vega F, Valero A, Panizo C, Montoro J, Matheu V, Lluch-Bernal M, González ML, González R, Dordal MT, Dávila I, Colás C, Campo P, Antón E, Navarro A. Consensus document on allergic conjunctivitis (DECA). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015; 25:94-106. [PMID: 25997302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva caused mainly by an IgE-mediated mechanism. It is the most common type of ocular allergy. Despite being the most benign form of conjunctivitis, AC has a considerable effect on patient quality of life, reduces work productivity, and increases health care costs. No consensus has been reached on its classification, diagnosis, or treatment. Consequently, the literature provides little information on its natural history, epidemiological data are scarce, and it is often difficult to ascertain its true morbidity. The main objective of the Consensus Document on Allergic Conjunctivitis (Documento dE Consenso sobre Conjuntivitis Alérgica [DECA]), which was drafted by an expert panel from the Spanish Society of Allergology and Spanish Society of Ophthalmology, was to reach agreement on basic criteria that could prove useful for both specialists and primary care physicians and facilitate the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AC. This document is the first of its kind to describe and analyze aspects of AC that could make it possible to control symptoms.
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Rondón C, Dávila I, Navarro Pulido AM, Sánchez MC, Montoro J, Matheu V, Lluch-Bernal M, Fernández-Parra B, Ibáñez MD, Dordal MT, Colás C, Antón E, Valero A. Clinical Management and Use of Health Care Resources in the Treatment of Nasal Polyposis in Spanish Allergy Centers: The POLAR Study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015; 25:276-282. [PMID: 26310042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that constitutes a major health problem with significant comorbidities and a considerable associated socioeconomic burden. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features and management of patients with NP attending Spanish allergy centers, the use of health care resources, and the degree of compliance with the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS). METHODS We performed a multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional epidemiologic study of 671 patients consulting for NP in 67 Spanish allergy departments. We used sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires to evaluate clinical characteristics, use of health care resources, diagnostic methods, and treatment administered. RESULTS NP was closely associated with asthma (66%), allergic rhinitis (45.9%), and hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (26%). Atopy was present in the 50% of cases, with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus as the most frequent sensitizing allergen. Eleven percent of NP patients visited the emergency department during the previous year, and more than 58% used primary care, allergy, or otorhinolaryngology services. The most frequently used diagnostic tests were skin prick tests (93.6%) and anterior rhinoscopy (79.4%). Intranasal corticosteroids were the drug class most frequently prescribed by allergists (74.6%). Specific immunotherapy was prescribed in 21% of patients. CONCLUSIONS NP is a chronic inflammatory disease that generates considerable use of health care resources. The close association with atopy, asthma, and NSAID hypersensitivity highlights the usefulness of an allergy workup in all patients with NP. Analysis of the clinical management of NP by allergists in Spain revealed a high degree of compliance with EPOS diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.
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Goirand M, Berthaud R, Al Ikhtiar I, Lachtar M, Montoro J, Walter-Nicolet E. Orchi-épididymite néonatale : une affection rare révélatrice d’un sepsis secondaire à streptocoque du groupe B. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:219-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saumell S, Solé F, Arenillas L, Montoro J, Valcárcel D, Pedro C, Sanzo C, Luño E, Giménez T, Arnan M, Pomares H, De Paz R, Arrizabalaga B, Jerez A, Martínez A, Sánchez-Castro J, Rodríguez J, Raya J, Ríos E, Rodríguez M, Espinet B, Lourdes F. P-068 Trisomy 8 in de novo MDS, constitutional or not constitutional? Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bréaud J, Montoro J, Lecompte JF, Valla JS, Loeffler J, Baqué P, Brunet C, Thollon L. Posterior urethral injuries associated with motorcycle accidents and pelvic trauma in adolescents: analysis of urethral lesions occurring prior to a bony fracture using a computerized finite-element model. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:62-70. [PMID: 22204757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adolescent males involved in motorcycle accidents are particularly at risk for pelvic injury, which may provoke a posterior urethral injury. The aim of this study was to develop a model to analyze the association between injuries and fractures of the pelvic ring and the risk of posterior urethral injury. METHOD Based on experience with traffic accident modeling, a computerized finite-element model was extrapolated from a computerized tomography scan of a 15-year-old boy. The anatomic structures concerned in urethral and pelvic ring trauma were isolated, rendered in 3D and given biomechanical properties. The model was verified according to available experiments on pelvic ring trauma. RESULTS To apply the model, we recreated three impact mechanisms on the pelvic ring: lateral impact, antero-posterior impact and a real car‒motorcycle accident situation (postero-lateral impact). In all three situations, stretching of the posterior urethra was identified prior to bony fracture visualization. CONCLUSION Application of this model allowed us to analyze precisely the link between trauma of the pelvic ring and lesions of the posterior urethra. The results should help to establish guidelines for urethral catheterization in male adolescents in cases of pelvic trauma, even when no bony fracture is present, in order to prevent iatrogenic worsening of a misdiagnosed posterior urethral trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bréaud
- Service de Chirurgie Infantile, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, France.
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Solano C, Muñoz-Cobo B, Giménez E, Remigia MJ, Amat P, Clari MA, Bravo D, Benet I, Montoro J, Navarro D. Pre-emptive antiviral therapy for active CMV infection in adult allo-SCT patients guided by plasma CMV DNAemia quantitation using a real-time PCR assay: clinical experience at a single center. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1010-2. [PMID: 23334275 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dávila I, del Cuvillo A, Mullol J, Jáuregui I, Bartra J, Ferrer M, Montoro J, Sastre J, Valero A. Use of second generation H1 antihistamines in special situations. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23 Suppl 1:1-16. [PMID: 24672890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihistamine drugs are one of the therapeutic classes most used at world level, at all ages and in multiple situations. Although in general they have a good safety profile, only the more recent drugs (second generation antihistamines) have been studied specifically with regard to the more important safety aspects. Given the variety of antihistamine drugs, they cannot all be considered equivalent in application to various special clinical situations, so that the documented clinical experience must be assessed in each case or, in the absence of such, the particular pharmacological characteristics of each molecule for the purpose of recommendation in these special situations. In general, there are few clinical studies published for groups of patients with kidney or liver failure, with concomitant multiple pathologies (such as cardiac pathology), in extremes of age (paediatrics or geriatrics) and in natural stages such as pregnancy or lactation, but these are normal situations and it is more and more frequent (among the elderly) for antihistamine drugs to be recommended. This review sets out the more relevant details compiled on the use of antihistamines in these special situations.
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Jáuregui I, Ferrer M, Montoro J, Dávila I, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Mullol J, Sastre J, Valero A. Antihistamines in drivers, aircrew and occupations of risk. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23 Suppl 1:27-34. [PMID: 24672892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most commonly occurring allergic diseases can involve a daytime drowsiness associated with the condition itself. The antihistamines used in their treatment can also have central effects and affect certain occupations concerned with risk, road safety and maritime and air navigation. Cognitive tests, experimental studies and epidemiological data recommend avoiding 1st generation antihistamines for people who must drive regularly and/or professions concerned with safety. Although there are no comparative studies on real driving between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines, in this type of patients there should be a preference for prescribing those with least possible central effect, especially those which are a good substrate for transmembrane transporter pumps such as P-glycoprotein and therefore have a low capacity for crossing the hematoencephalic barrier, thus allowing a broader window for therapy. In this sense, bilastine is a good P-glycoprotein substrate and shows good tolerance at CNS level, in both psychometric trials and real driving test protocols, even at double the dose recommended in the technical file.
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Montoro J, Bartra J, Sastre J, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Mullol J, del Cuvillo A, Jáuregui I, Valero A. H1 antihistamines and benzodiazepines. Pharmacological interactions and their impact on cerebral function. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23 Suppl 1:17-26. [PMID: 24672891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihistamines (AH) have been classified into first and second generation according to their pharmacokinetic properties, structural characteristics and adverse effects. The effects on the central nervous system (CNS) are determined basically by their capacity to cross the hematoencephalic barrier and attach to central H1 receptors. Benzodiazepines (BZD) are drugs with effects on the CNS following their union to the specific location of GABA receptors type A. At low doses, the BZD have sedative and anticonvulsive effects, and as the dose increases it leads to sedation, amnesia and finally unconsciousness. Various studies have been made on the possible interaction between the BZD and the AH H1 with special attention to their effect on the CNS. In some cases these were studies to assess the safety of this association and in others, the aim was different: to see if their joint administration gives a better therapeutic result in pathology related with anxiety syndrome or insomnia. In general it can be said that first generation AH interact with the BZD increasing the sedative effects of the latter. However, second generation AH do not increase these sedative effects, which makes them the chosen drugs to treat allergic rhinitis/rhino-conjunctivitis and urticaria in patients also receiving BZD.
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Montoro J, Del Cuvillo A, Mullol J, Molina X, Bartra J, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Jáuregui I, Sastre J, Valero A. Validation of the modified allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) severity classification in allergic rhinitis children: the PEDRIAL study. Allergy 2012; 67:1437-42. [PMID: 22985483 DOI: 10.1111/all.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A modified allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) (m-ARIA) criterion to classify the severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) has recently been validated in both treated and untreated adult patients; however, such information in children is lacking. The aim of this study was to validate this m-ARIA severity criterion, which allows for discrimination between moderate and severe AR, in a large pediatric patient sample population. METHODS The m-ARIA classification categorizes AR severity into mild (no affected items), moderate (1-3 affected items), and severe (all four affected items). We applied this modified criterion to untreated AR pediatric patients aged 6-12 years, through an observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter study. AR symptoms were assessed using the Total Four Symptom Score (T4SS), and the severity was evaluated by both ARIA severity items and visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Allergic rhinitis pediatric patients (N = 1269) from 271 centers were included. Among them, 59.5% had intermittent and 40.5% persistent disease; 89.9% had moderate/severe AR using the original ARIA (o-ARIA) classification and 59.5% had moderate, while 30.5% had severe AR using the m-ARIA criterion. Using the m-ARIA, significantly higher T4SS and VAS scores were obtained when comparing severe with moderate AR. CONCLUSIONS The m-ARIA severity classification is a useful clinical tool to discriminate moderate from severe AR among untreated pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia; Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia; Valencia; Spain
| | - A. Del Cuvillo
- Sección de Rinología; UGC ORL; Hospital de Jérez; Cádiz; Spain
| | | | - X. Molina
- Infociencia Clinical Research; Barcelona; Spain
| | - J. Bartra
- Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia; Hospital Clínic; Barcelona; Spain
| | - I. Dávila
- Servicio de Inmuno-Alergia; Hospital Clínico; Salamanca; Spain
| | - M. Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergia; Clínica Universitaria de Navarra; Pamplona; Spain
| | - I. Jáuregui
- Servicio de Alergia; Hospital de Basurto; Bilbao; Spain
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Guerra A, Palacio C, Crespo M, Mar M, Montoro J, Gallur L, Naverrete M, Martínez-Morgado N, Lopez-Andreoni L, Valcárcel D, Vallespi T. 262 PRF1 promoter hypomethylation in CD4+ T lymphocytes from patients with 5q- syndrome is restored after lenalidomide treatment. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ferrer M, Sastre J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Montoro J, del Cuvillo A, Mullol J, Bartra J, Valero A. Effect of antihistamine up-dosing in chronic urticaria. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:34-39. [PMID: 22185048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticaria has an important impact upon patient quality of life, and no treatment has yet been developed capable of effectively controlling the disease. The most recent guidelines recommend the use of non-sedating antihistamines at high doses as second-step therapy before resorting to other treatments. The present review examines the studies published to date on the use of H1 antihistamines at doses higher than those indicated as therapeutic doses in chronic urticaria. Most of the studies report no significant differences among the studied doses-only a tendency towards increased response on elevating the dose. There are no clinically well designed, randomized double-blind trials comparing efficacy between therapeutic doses and doses higher than those indicated in the corresponding Summary of Product Characteristics. Likewise, there are insufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis and thus classify the degree of evidence of the few available studies, which moreover present contradictory results. At present, the prescription of high-dose H1 antihistamines is based only on experts opinion. However, considering the high safety profile of these drugs, it would be a good option to evaluate their efficacy at high doses, before moving on to other therapeutic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Department of Allergy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Medical School, Pamplona, Spain.
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Bartra J, Mullol J, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, del Cuvillos A, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Sastre J, Valero A. Effect of bilastine upon the ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:24-33. [PMID: 22185047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular symptoms often accompany allergic rhinitis and can be as or even more bothersome for the patient than the actual nasal symptoms. Ocular manifestations of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis may result from both direct allergen-mediated mast cell stimulation on the surface of the eye and naso-ocular reflexes--histamine being one of the mediators of symptoms onset. An H1 antihistamine would be the first line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis. Since allergic conjunctivitis is always (or almost always) accompanied by nasal symptoms, a second-generation H1 antihistamine administered via oral route is the drug of choice for jointly managing both the nasal and the ocular symptoms--minimizing the impact of the effects inherent to first-generation H, antihistamine, including particularly drowsiness. Bilastine is a new H1 antihistamine with an excellent safety profile, developed for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria, with potency similar to that of cetirizine and desloratadine, and superior to that of fexofenadine. This new drug has been shown to be effective in controlling the ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
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MESH Headings
- Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/immunology
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartra
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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Dordal MT, Lluch-Bernal M, Sánchez MC, Rondón C, Navarro A, Montoro J, Matheu V, Ibáñez MD, Fernández-Parra B, Dávila I, Conde J, Antón E, Colás C, Valero A. Allergen-specific nasal provocation testing: review by the rhinoconjunctivitis committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21:1-12. [PMID: 21370717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific nasal provocation testing (NPT) consists of eliciting a response from the nasal mucosa by controlled exposure to allergens. It is indicated in the diagnostic confirmation of allergic rhinitis and when discrepancies arise or difficulties exist in the assessment of a patient's medical history and the results of skin and/or serological tests. The technique is also applied to evaluate sensitivity to the allergen, the efficacy and safety profile of treatment, and in research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of nasal response to allergens. NPT also provides information on the etiology of occupational respiratory diseases of allergic origin. Although there have been many studies and publications on the use and standardization of bronchial provocation tests with allergen, few analyze specific NPT. In this review, the Rhinoconjunctivitis Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology discuss the methodology, monitoring, and assessment of allergen-specific NPT in order to provide a practical and up-to-date review of the technique.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/immunology
- Humans
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Provocation Tests/methods
- Nasal Provocation Tests/standards
- Occupational Diseases/diagnosis
- Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Rhinometry, Acoustic
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Dordal
- Department of Allergology, Sant Pere Claver Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
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Montoro J, Mullol J, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Sastre J, Bartra J, Jáuregui I, del Cuvillo A, Valero A. Bilastine and the central nervous system. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:9-15. [PMID: 22185045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihistamines have been classifed as first or second generation drugs, according to their pharmacokinetic properties, chemical structure and adverse effects. The adverse effects of antihistamines upon the central nervous system (CNS) depend upon their capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and bind to the central H1 receptors (RH1). This in turn depends on the lipophilicity of the drug molecule, its molecular weight (MW), and affinity for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (CNS xenobiotic substances extractor protein). First generation antihistamines show scant affinity for P-gp, unlike the second generation molecules which are regarded as P-gp substrates. Histamine in the brain is implicated in many functions (waking-sleep cycle, attention, memory and learning, and the regulation of appetite), with numerous and complex interactions with different types of receptors in different brain areas. Bilastine is a new H1 antihistamine that proves to be effective in treating allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (seasonal and perennial) and urticaria. The imaging studies made, as well as the objective psychomotor tests and subjective assessment of drowsiness, indicate the absence of bilastine action upon the CNS. This fact, and the lack of interaction with benzodiazepines and alcohol, define bilastine as a clinically promising drug with a good safety profile as regards adverse effects upon the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montoro
- Allergy Section, Elda General Hospital, Alicante, Spain.
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Dávila I, Sastre J, Mullol J, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, Ferrer M, del Cuvillo A, Bartra J, Valero A. Effect of bilastine upon nasal obstruction. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:2-8. [PMID: 22185044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
H1 antihistamines constitute one of the main references for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Classically, these drugs have been considered effective in controlling sneezing, rhinorrhea and itching, though they have not been regarded as particularly effective in application to nasal obstruction. The most recent studies, involving second-generation H1 antihistamines (desloratadine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, rupatadine), have shown these drugs to offer effects upon nasal obstruction significantly superior to those of placebo. The present review examines the effect of bilastine, a new, potent and highly specific H1 antihistamine without sedative effects or cardiac toxicity, upon nasal obstruction. The analysis of the data from the different clinical trials indicates that in patients with allergic rhinitis, the effect of bilastine upon nasal obstruction is superior to that of placebo and similar to that of other second-generation H1 antihistamines, manifesting within 24 hours after the start of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dávila
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Healthcare Complex, Salamanca, Spain.
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del Cuvillo A, Sastre J, Bartra J, Mullol J, DáVila I, Montoro J, Ferrer M, Jáuregui I, Valero A. Placebo effect in clinical trials involving patients with allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:40-45. [PMID: 22185049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the placebo effect has considerably grown during the last few decades. Studies made in this sense have led to a change in the conception of this peculiar phenomenon, and nowadays the placebo effect is viewed as a psychobiological event resulting from the interaction between individual patient factors and factors relating to the physician and the therapeutic environment. Investigation of the placebo effect in disease conditions such as pain or Parkinson's disease has improved our understanding of its underlying psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. Clinical studies directly designed to investigate the placebo effect have shown placebo to have a more beneficial effect upon diseases evaluated by means of physical or subjective parameters than by means of biochemical parameters. A strong placebo effect has been observed in allergic diseases, where the evaluating parameters tend to be physical or subjective. Biomedical research and the development of new drugs implies an important investment of human and economical resources for conducting clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new medications. Knowledge of the mechanisms of the placebo effect and how the latter can influence the results of the different efficacy variables in these research studies appears essential in order to optimize the available resources in application to the development of new drugs.
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Jáuregui I, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Montoro J, Mullol J, Sastre J, Valero A. Bilastine and quality of life. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21 Suppl 3:16-23. [PMID: 22185046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of quality of life (QoL) and its modification through therapeutic interventions has become a prioritary concern in recent years and a requirement on the part of regulatory agencies for the authorization of new drugs. In clinical studies of allergic disorders, particularly allergic rhinitis and urticaria, different types of generic questionnaires have been used - especially disease specific instruments such as the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) or skin disease specific tools such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Throughout its clinical development, bilastine has been shown to be more effective than placebo and at least as effective as cetirizine, levocetirizine, fexofenadine or desloratadine in controlling the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. QoL has been studied as a secondary objective in three allergic rhinitis clinical trials, using the RQLQ, in a total of 2335 patients. Likewise, in chronic urticaria, QoL has been evaluated using the DLQI in a total of 525 patients, versus levocetirizine and placebo. The improvement in the QoL parameters in these studies (RQLQ or DLQI domains) at all times proved proportional to the symptoms improvement. In general, the data obtained relating to changes in QoL are concordant with the mean global visual analog scale (VAS in mm) values and their changes, from the beginning until the end of the treatment period, for all of the trials, for bilastine and all its comparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jáuregui
- Department of Allergy, Basurto Hospital. Bilbao, Spain.
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Parada C, Villalba J, Alvarez M, Puig N, Planelles D, Ramada C, Montoro J, Roig R. Trypanosoma rangeli in a blood donor at the Valencian Blood Transfusion Centre. Vox Sang 2010; 99:193-4. [PMID: 20345519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ibáñez MD, Navarro A, Sánchez MC, Rondón C, Montoro J, Matéu V, Lluch-Bernal M, Fernández-Parra B, Dordal MT, Dávila I, Conde J, Antón E, Colás C, Valero A. Rhinitis and its association with asthma in patients under 14 years of age treated in allergy departments in Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:402-406. [PMID: 20945606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent chronic allergic disease in children, and may be an important risk factor for the subsequent development of asthma. OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of patients younger than 14 years of age presenting with rhinitis and the possible association with asthma. METHODS We carried out a prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiologic study (Alergológica 2005) of 917 patients under the age of 14 consulting for the first time in allergy departments in Spain. RESULTS Rhinitis was diagnosed in 42.5% of the children. The association between asthma and rhinitis was significantly higher in children than in adults (44.9% vs 35.5%; P<.05). Time from onset of rhinitis was significantly associated with the development of asthma (2.97 vs 2.06 years; P<.0001). Allergy was the most frequent cause of rhinitis in children with and without asthma. Allergy to epithelia and fungi was more frequent in children with rhinitis and asthma than in children with rhinitis alone. We found no differences in the frequency of treatment with immunotherapy between children with and without asthma. CONCLUSION Rhinitis was frequently associated with asthma in children consulting for the first time at allergy departments. Time since onset of rhinitis and sensitivity to epithelia and fungi were associated with the development of asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Asthma/diagnosis
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Comorbidity
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Male
- Prevalence
- Prospective Studies
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Ibáñez
- Department of Allergology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
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Osa A, Almenar L, Palencia M, Puig N, Chirivella M, Montoro J. Antigens of the major histocompatibility system in ischemic heart disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol 2009; 22:292-6. [PMID: 10198739 PMCID: PMC6656069 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960220408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of unknown and probably multifactorial etiology, a change in immune mechanisms is presumably significant, with many abnormalities in humoral and cellular responses having been reported. The heart thus becomes the target organ for an initial episode of myocardial damage that triggers an autoimmune response. HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of different human leukocyte antigens in patients with a diagnosis of well-advanced DCM and ischemic heart failure, comparing them with a control group of presumably healthy subjects. METHODS The group with dilated cardiomyopathy consisted of 50 patients (7 women and 43 men), aged from 14 to 64 years. The group with ischemic heart disease included 76 patients (4 women and 72 men), with ages ranging from 34 to 64. The control group, consisting of 1,337 presumably healthy subjects from the Spanish Mediterranean area, was recruited based on paternity studies. RESULTS Compared with the control group, we found in DCM a greater incidence of B15 (20 vs. 6%) and DQ3 (83 vs. 50%) antigens. In ischemic heart disease we found a lower incidence of A1 (3 vs. 22%), B8 (5 vs. 12%), and DQ2 (16 vs. 50%) in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In the Spanish Mediterranean area, the presence of antigens B-15 and DQ3 would be associated with advanced DCM. The absence of antigens A1, B8, and DQ2 would be associated with the occurrence of severe ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osa
- Cardiology Department, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Navarro A, Colás C, Antón E, Conde J, Dávila I, Dordal MT, Fernández-Parre B, Ibáñez MD, Lluch-Bernal M, Matheu V, Montoro J, Rondón C, Sánchez MC, Valero A. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in allergy consultations in Spain: Alergológica-2005. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 2:7-13. [PMID: 19530412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered to be the most frequent allergic disorder. OBJECTIVE To present the data from the Alergológica-2005 on the characteristics of patients with AR. METHODS An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiologic study was performed on 4991 patients consulting for the first time in Allergology services in Spain. RESULTS Fifty-five percent of patients consulting Allergology services for the first time were diagnosed with AR, of whom 65% also had conjunctivitis and 37% asthma. Two out of every three subjects with AR consulted their primary care physician twice in the previous 4 months. One third was treated by another specialist in the preceding year and one of every five required treatment in emergency departments. AR affected the quality of life (SF-12), in some cases causing time off work and school. The most frequently involved allergens were pollens (51%), followed by dust mites (42%). Polysensitization was found in 31% of cases. Antihistamines and nasal topical corticoids were the most widely used drugs. In 38% of patients, treatment with specific immunotherapy was begun. CONCLUSIONS AR was the leading cause of consultations in Alergológica-2005. Rhinitis was frequently associated with other allergic disorders in 65% of patients with conjunctivitis and 37% with asthma. The illness led to a substantial use of healthcare resources and significantly affected the quality of life of the sufferers.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Quality of Life
- Referral and Consultation
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Spain/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Navarro
- Allergy Unit, Hospital El Tomillar, AH de Valme, Sevilla, Spain.
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Bartra J, Sastre J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Mullol J, Valero A. From pollinosis to digestive allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:3-10. [PMID: 19476048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinosis is defined as the appearance of respiratory symptoms (rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma) as a result of the inhalation of pollen to which the individual is sensitized. Pollen allergy becomes all the more relevant on taking into account that it may be responsible for the development of plant food allergy, or may even constitute the direct cause of esophageal, gastric and/or intestinal inflammation in the context of a digestive allergic process. Pollen can act as a source of allergens that induce primary sensitization in the host as a result of inhalation, with secondary allergy to plant foods containing shared allergens via a cross-reactivity mechanism. The observed pattern of plant food allergy depends on the dietary habits of the population in a given geographical setting, and on the pollination found in that setting. Pollinosis may account for the greater or lesser prevalence of allergy to certain plant foods, and for the severity of the associated reactions. Beyond the digestive tract inflammation that may result from allergy to a given food, pollinosis is also intrinsically able to generate a clinically relevant or irrelevant Th2-mediated inflammatory response at digestive level, and may even give rise to eosinophilic esophagitis. Inter-relation with the airway may also extend to the digestive tract as a consequence of the systemic response that characterizes allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartra
- Unitat d'Allèrgia, Servei de Pneumologia i Allèrgia Respiratòria, Hospital Clinic (ICT), Barcelona, Spain.
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Jáuregui I, Mullol J, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Sastre J, Valero A. Allergic rhinitis and school performance. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:32-39. [PMID: 19476052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is presently the most common chronic disorder in the pediatric population. It can affect sleep at night and cause daytime sleepiness, with school absenteeism, "presenteeism" or inattention, mood disturbances and psychosocial problems. All this in turn can contribute to reduce school performance. The correct treatment of allergic rhinitis can improve school performance, though the first generation antihistamines have unacceptable central and anticholinergic effects that can actually worsen the situation. The second generation antihistamines constitute the drug treatment of choice for allergic rhinitis in children. Vasoconstrictors should not be used in pediatric patients, due to their unpredictable pharmacokinetics and very narrow therapeutic margin. Intranasal corticoids could improve school performance in some patients, by reducing nose block or congestion, the nocturnal sleep disturbances, and daytime sleepiness. Concrete studies of the impact of chromones, anticholinergic agents, antileukotrienes and immunotherapy upon school performance are lacking.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Cognition/physiology
- Humans
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/psychology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/psychology
- Students
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jáuregui
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.
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Dávila I, Mullol J, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, Sastre J, Valero A. Genetic aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:25-31. [PMID: 19476051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of allergic rhinitis entails a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to different factors, of which the most important is the implicated allergen. There is a clear hereditary component in allergic rhinitis that has been well corroborated by segregation studies and investigations in twins. From the strictly genetic perspective, it is believed that the disease may be the result of the interaction of different genetic alterations, each of which would contribute a small defect. In recent years, considerable attention has focused on the genes that may be implicated in allergic rhinitis. A number of genomic searches have been made, yielding different chromosomal associations--the most repeated being those involving chromosomes 2, 3, 4 and 9. Single-nucleotide polymorphism studies involving genes encoding for molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis have also been made. Such molecules comprise chemokines and their receptors, interleukins and their receptors, eosinophil peroxidase and leukotrienes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dávila
- Servicio de Inmunoalergia, Hospital Universitario, Salamanca, Spain.
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Ferrer M, Sanz ML, Sastre J, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Mullol J, Valero A. Molecular diagnosis in allergology: application of the microarray technique. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:19-24. [PMID: 19476050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant and purified allergens are currently available for determining specific IgE targeted to different allergenic components. In this way it is possible to diagnose the sensitization profile of each individual patient. The microarray technique makes it possible to determine specific IgE against multiple allergens simultaneously in one same patient, with a minimum amount of serum, and even allows the determination of IgG and IgM against the same allergens in one same serum sample. Microarray procedures are being developed not only for the determination of antibodies but also for cell activation tests. In addition, microarray technology will help explain cross-reactions, and will facilitate the evaluation of subjects in which skin tests cannot be performed. These techniques will allow a great step forward in the development of immunotherapy specifically targeted to the sensitizations found in each individual patient, yielding especially hypoallergenic forms of great immunogenic capacity, and thus improving the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy. Lastly, microarrays will improve our understanding of the physiopathology of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergia e Immunología Clinica, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Montoro J, Mullol J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Sastre J, Valero A. Stress and allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:40-47. [PMID: 19476053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years it has been seen that the nervous and immune systems regulate each other reciprocally, thus giving rise to a new field of study known as psychoneuroimmunology. Stress is defined as a general body response to initially threatening external or internal demands, involving the mobilization of physiological and psychological resources to deal with them. In other words, stress is characterized by an imbalance between body demands and the capacity of the body to cope with them. The persistence of such a situation gives rise to chronic stress, which is the subject of the present study, considering its repercussions upon different organs and systems, with special emphasis on the immune system and--within the latter--upon the implications in relation to allergic disease. Activation of the neuroendocrine and sympathetic systems through catecholamine and cortisol secretion exerts an influence upon the immune system, modifying the balance between Th1/Th2 response in favor of Th2 action. It is not possible to affirm that chronic stress is intrinsically able to cause allergy, though the evidence of different studies suggests than in genetically susceptible individuals, such stress may favor the appearance of allergic disease on one hand, and complicate the control of existing allergy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital La Plana, Vila-Real, Castellón, Spain
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del Cuvillo A, Sastre J, Montoro J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Bartra J, Mullol J, Valero A. Allergic conjunctivitis and H1 antihistamines. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19 Suppl 1:11-18. [PMID: 19476049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common form of ophthalmological allergy. Eye symptoms are one of the main and most frequent reasons for consultation among patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, which in turn is the most common reason for visiting the allergologist, according to the Alergológica 2005 study. Itching is the key symptom of allergic conjunctivitis, and its relief is the principal objective of the broad range of treatment options available. Topical antihistamines with multiple actions (mast cell stabilization, and antiinflammatory and antihistaminic actions) are probably the best treatment option, thanks to their rapid action, safety and convenience of use. However, oral antihistamines (preferentially second generation drugs) can also play an important role, since they are of established efficacy and offer adequate treatment of the nasal symptoms that tend to accompany the ocular manifestations of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Models of allergic conjunctivitis are useful for investigational purposes and for advancing our knowledge of allergic reactions. Advances in the study of the physiopathology of ocular allergy allow us to introduce new therapeutic options for the management of such allergic reactions, thanks to the findings derived from models of this kind. The present review provides an update to the published data on allergic conjunctivitis and the current role of both topical and ocular antihistamines in treating the disorder.
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Ferrer M, Jáuregui I, Bartra J, Dávila I, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Mullol J, Valero A, Sastre J. Chronic urticaria: do urticaria nonexperts implement treatment guidelines? A survey of adherence to published guidelines by nonexperts. Br J Dermatol 2008; 160:823-7. [PMID: 19120332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines including level of evidence and grade of recommendation were recently published for chronic urticaria (CU). OBJECTIVES To describe the therapeutic approach in patients with CU, and to depict how recent guidelines are implemented in the daily practice of management of CU. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional multicentre study through a questionnaire answered by 139 specialists. In total, 695 patients were evaluated, mean+/-SD age 42.3+/-15 years, 62.1% women. Of the patients, 168 were treated by an allergist, 473 by a dermatologist and in 54 cases the specialist was not stated. The drug prescribed was the main variable, and chi2 and Fisher's tests were utilized for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Nonsedating anti-H1 antihistamines taken regularly were the most common drugs prescribed, followed by nonsedating anti-H1 antihistamines taken as needed, corticosteroids, sedating antihistamines taken regularly, sedating antihistamines taken as needed, anti-H2 antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, ciclosporin and doxepin. Nonsedating antihistamines plus corticosteroids was the most frequent drug combination prescribed. When comparing between allergists and dermatologists we found a positive and significant correlation only between prescription of cetirizine, dexchlorfeniramine, leukotriene antagonists and anti-H2 antihistamines and being treated by an allergist. A positive correlation was found with desloratadine and being seen by a dermatologist. We did not find any difference in CU management in the rest of the treatments studied. CONCLUSIONS It is surprising that a large amount of sedating antihistamines was prescribed. In many instances these were prescribed as needed. This fact could have a negative impact on urticaria control and patient satisfaction. It seems difficult for the nonexpert to differentiate between CU and any kind of physical urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
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