C-2 Thiophenyl Tryptophan Trimers Inhibit Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 through Interaction with the Viral Spike (S) Protein

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, by infecting cells via the interaction of its spike protein (S) with the primary cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). To search for inhibitors of this key step in viral infection, we screened an in-house library of multivalent tryptophan derivatives. Using VSV-S pseudoparticles, we identified compound 2 as a potent entry inhibitor lacking cellular toxicity. Chemical optimization of 2 rendered compounds 63 and 65, which also potently inhibited genuine SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Thermofluor and microscale thermophoresis studies revealed their binding to S and to its isolated receptor binding domain (RBD), interfering with the interaction with ACE2. High-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of S, free or bound to 2, shed light on cell entry inhibition mechanisms by these compounds. Overall, this work identifies and characterizes a new class of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors with clear potential for preventing and/or fighting COVID-19.

Scipion Flexibility Hub: an integrative framework for advanced analysis of conformational heterogeneity in cryoEM

Understanding how structure and function meet to drive biological processes is progressively shifting the cryoEM field towards a more advanced analysis of macromolecular flexibility. Thanks to techniques such as single-particle analysis and electron tomography, it is possible to image a macromolecule in different states, information that can subsequently be extracted through advanced image-processing methods to build a richer approximation of a conformational landscape. However, the interoperability of all of these algorithms remains a challenging task that is left to users, preventing them from defining a single flexible workflow in which conformational information can be addressed by different algorithms. Therefore, in this work, a new framework integrated into Scipion is proposed called the Flexibility Hub. This framework automatically handles intercommunication between different heterogeneity software, simplifying the task of combining the software into workflows in which the quality and the amount of information extracted from flexibility analysis is maximized.

Scipion3: A workflow engine for cryo-electron microscopy image processing and structural biology

Image-processing pipelines require the design of complex workflows combining many different steps that bring the raw acquired data to a final result with biological meaning. In the image-processing domain of cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis (cryo-EM SPA), hundreds of steps must be performed to obtain the three-dimensional structure of a biological macromolecule by integrating data spread over thousands of micrographs containing millions of copies of allegedly the same macromolecule. The execution of such complicated workflows demands a specific tool to keep track of all these steps performed. Additionally, due to the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the estimation of any image parameter is heavily affected by noise resulting in a significant fraction of incorrect estimates. Although low SNR and processing millions of images by hundreds of sequential steps requiring substantial computational resources are specific to cryo-EM, these characteristics may be shared by other biological imaging domains. Here, we present Scipion, a Python generic open-source workflow engine specifically adapted for image processing. Its main characteristics are: (a) interoperability, (b) smart object model, (c) gluing operations, (d) comparison operations, (e) wide set of domain-specific operations, (f) execution in streaming, (g) smooth integration in high-performance computing environments, (h) execution with and without graphical capabilities, (i) flexible visualization, (j) user authentication and private access to private data, (k) scripting capabilities, (l) high performance, (m) traceability, (n) reproducibility, (o) self-reporting, (p) reusability, (q) extensibility, (r) software updates, and (s) non-restrictive software licensing.

The structural role of SARS-CoV-2 genetic background in the emergence and success of spike mutations: The case of the spike A222V mutation

The S:A222V point mutation, within the G clade, was characteristic of the 20E (EU1) SARS-CoV-2 variant identified in Spain in early summer 2020. This mutation has since reappeared in the Delta subvariant AY.4.2, raising questions about its specific effect on viral infection. We report combined serological, functional, structural and computational studies characterizing the impact of this mutation. Our results reveal that S:A222V promotes an increased RBD opening and slightly increases ACE2 binding as compared to the parent S:D614G clade. Finally, S:A222V does not reduce sera neutralization capacity, suggesting it does not affect vaccine effectiveness.

Since early 2020, the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic has mostly been shaped by the appearance of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Accordingly, much of the scientific effort has been directed toward the question of explaining, understanding, and predicting the evolutionary fate of individual mutations in the viral genome. In this article, we focus on A222V, a particular mutation in the Spike protein that emerged in Spain in mid-2020 and reappeared independently in the AY.4.2 subvariant of Delta one year later. As reemerging mutations often indicate an evolutionary advantage, we explored potential mechanisms linking A222V to biologically relevant outcomes. Using serological, functional, structural, and computational approaches, we identified key molecular-level differences conferred by A222V that potentially explain its repeated emergence in different genetic backgrounds. Our results point to subtle changes in the dynamic behavior of the receptor-binding domain in the binding-competent "up" conformation, ones that affect receptor binding itself, but can also act synergistically with other mutations by changing the accessibility of key residues involved in molecular recognition.

AB0907 TREATMENT WITH UPADACINITIB IN REFRACTORY PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS. MULTICENTER STUDY OF FIRST PATIENTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background

Upadacitinib (UPA) is an inhibitor of JAK kinases recently approved by EMA for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Europe (January 2021) 1. UPA has shown efficacy in refractory patients to anti-TNF 2.

Objectives

A) to assess efficacy and safety of UPA in the first cases in Spain in clinical practice. B) to compare the profile of clinical practice patients with clinical trial of UPA in PsA refractory to biologics 2.

Methods

Study of 39 patients of clinical practice with PsA treated with UPA in Spain. The diagnosis of PsA was made using CASPAR criteria. Patients who received at least one dose of UPA were included. Results are expressed as percentage, mean±SD or median [IRQ].

Results

39 patients (29♀/10♂), mean age of 51.5 ± 11.4 years (Table 1). Pattern joint involvement was as follows: peripheral (n=19), axial (3) and mixed (17) During the PsA evolution, patients also presented enthesitis (59%) nail involvement (28.2%) and dactylitis (35.9%).

Table 1.CLINICAL PRACTICE N=39CLINICAL TRIAL N=211pBaseline demographic parametersAge, years (mean±SD)51.5±11.453.0 ± 12.00.4706Sex, n (%) female29 (74.4)113 (53.6)0.016Disease CharacteristicsDuration of psoriatic arthritis, year (mean±SD)12.41±8.689.5 ± 8.40.0499HAQ-DI1.10± 0.421.10 ± 0.61.000Swollen joint count, mean±SD6±7.2911.3 ± 8.2< 0.001Painful joint count, mean±SD7.48±7.5824.9 ± 17.3< 0.001Enthesitis, n (%)23 (59.0) MASES172 (81.5) SPARCCDactylitis, n (%)14 (35.9)55(26.1)0.217PASI score, mean±SD2.72±2.3210.1 ± 9.2< 0.001CRP (mg/L)11.1±18.8611.2 ± 18.51.000Oral glucocorticoid use, n (%)17 (43.6)22 (10.4)< 0.001Concomitant synthetic DMARDs, n (%)16(41)98 (46,4)0.532Previous use of biological DMARDs, n (%)39(100)195 (92.4)0.075Number of prior failed biologic DMARDs, n(%)13(7.7)135 (63.7)<0.00124(10.3)35 (16.5)0.383≥332(82)24 (11.3)<0.001UPA in monotherapy, n (%)23(59)113 (53.6)0.531

HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, PASI Psoriasis Area Severity Index, CRP C-reactive protein, DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug

Prior to UPA, most patients (59%) had received oral prednisone or equivalent (max 9.03±12.12mg/d), synthetic immunosuppressants (mean1.8±0.9) and biological therapy (TB) (4.5±2.1). TB were as follows: etanercept (25), adalimumab (28), infliximab (12), golimumab (16), certolizumab (15), secukinumab (29), ustekinumab (21) Abatacept (2), brodalumab (1) and ixekizumab (17). Apremilast was used in 13, Tofacitinib in 11 and filgotinib in 1.

After a mean follow-up of 12.41± 8.68.3 years after the PsA diagnosis, UPA was started (15 mg/24 h), 43.6% associated prednisone (7.35±3.36 mg/d). In 16 (41%) UPA was started in combined therapy: methotrexate (9), salazopyrin (3) and leflunomide (4); in the remaining 23 (59%), monotherapy was prescribed. At UPA onset patients presented peripheral arthritis (76.9%), axial involvement (35.8%), skin involvement (25.6%), enthesitis (41%), and dactylitis (10.3%).

Patients of clinical practice compared with clinical trial there were more women, have a longer duration of PsA, and received a higher proportion of previous TB (Table 1).

After a median follow-up of 4.28 ± 2.6 months, patients showed prompt improvement in activity indexes (DAS28, DAPSA) (Figure 1) and laboratory test (CRP mg/L decreased from 4.00 [1.5;10.0] to 0.40 [0.30;4.00] (p 0.024) at the sixth month. Extra-articular manifestations also improved: dactylitis in 25% patients, enthesitis (43.8%), skin involvement (40%) and onychopathy (50%).

Figure 1.

No serious events were reported. Minor side effects were reported in 7 patients (17.9%), and UPA was discontinued in 9 due to inefficiency.

Conclusion

In this preliminary study, first patients of clinical practice in Spain with UPA in PsA had a longer evolution and received a greater number of TB than those of clinical trial. As in the UPA clinical trial, it seems effective, rapid and relatively safe in daily clinical practice for refractory PsA.

References

[1]https://www.ema.europa.eu/en

[2]Mease PJ, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;80:312–320

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

POS0272 INTRAVENOUS VERSUS SUBCUTANEOUS TOCILIZUMAB IN A SERIES OF 471 PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in large-vessel vasculitis, including Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) (1-3). Clinical trials with TCZ in GCA was performed with intravenous (iv) TCZ in a phase 2 trial (3), and with subcutaneous (sc) TCZ in the phase 3 GiACTA (4). However, in GCA there are no studies comparing IV vs SC TCZ.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of TCZ in GCA patients according to the route of administration IV-TCZ vs SC-TCZ.

Methods

Multicentre study of 471 patients diagnosed with GCA and treated with TCZ. They were divided into 2 groups according to the route of administration: a) IV, and b) SC. GCA was diagnosed by: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) imaging techniques. Sustained remission was established according to EULAR definitions (5).

Results

We studied 471 patients (mean age, 74±9 years) treated with TCZ, 238 with IV-TCZ and 233 with SC-TCZ (Table 1). The time between diagnosis of GCA and TCZ onset was shorter in the SC TCZ group. Regarding acute phase reactants at the beginning of TCZ, no differences were found between both groups. There were no significant differences in sustained remission or in glucocorticoid-sparing effect of TCZ (Figure 1). Patients on IV TCZ treatment suffered more relevant adverse effects during follow-up.

Table 1.

Main characteristics of GCA patients treated with intravenous and subcutaneous tocilizumab

IV TCZ (n= 238)SC TCZ (n=233)PBaseline characteristics at TCZ onsetAge(years), mean±SD73.3±8.773.7±9.30.63Sex, female/male (% female)175/63 (73)167/66 (72)0.65Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]8 [3-23.5]5 [2-15]0.016ESR, mm 1st hour, median [IQR]30.5 [12.5-53]28 [10-56.5]0.66CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]1.4 [0.5-2.8]1.4 [0.4-4]0.92Prednisone dose, mg/day, median [IQR]20 [10-40]20 [10-36.2]0.69Safety after TCZ onsetFollow-up, (months), median [IQR]27 [16-44]14 [6-26.7]<0.001Relevant adverse events, n (%)80 (34)46 (19)<0.001Relevant adverse events per 100 patients-year12.715.2NSSerious infections, n (%)44 (18)21 (9)0.44Serious infections per 100 patients-year6.77.2NSMACEs, n (%)/1 (0.4)0 (0)-MACEs per 100 patients-year0.10NSMalignancies, n (%)4 (1.7)1 (0.4)0.20Malignancies per 100 patients-year0.60.3NS

Abbreviations: CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCA: giant cell arteritis; IQR: interquartile range; IV: intravenous; MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; NS: non significant; SC: subcutaneous; SD: standard deviation

Conclusion

In GCA, TCZ seems equally effective and safe regardless of the route of administration IV or SC.

References

[1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091

[2]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589

[3]Villiger PM, et al. Lancet. 2016; 387:1921-1927. PMID: 26952547

[4]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:317-328. PMID: 28745999

Hellmich B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 19-30. PMID: 31270110

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

POS0806 OPTIMIZATION OF TOCILIZUMAB THERAPY IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. A MULTICENTER REAL-LIFE STUDY OF 471 PATIENTS

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown to be useful in the treatment of large-vessel vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis (GCA) (1-4). There is general agreement on the initial and the standard maintenance dose of TCZ. However, information on duration and optimization of TCZ in GCA is really scarce.

Objectives

Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of TCZ therapy optimization in an unselected wide series of GCA in real-world clinical practice.

Methods

Multicenter study on 471 patients with GCA who received TCZ therapy. Once complete remission was reached (n=231) TCZ was optimized in 125 patients. We compared patients in whom TCZ was optimized (TCZOPT group) or not (TCZNON-OPT group). Complete remission was defined as normalization of clinical and analytical (CRP and ESR) data. Optimization was done by decreasing the dose and/or prolonging the TCZ dosing interval progressively. We performed a comparison in effectiveness and safety parameters between optimized and non-optimized patients.

Results

We evaluated 231 GCA patients treated with TCZ with complete remission. No demographic or laboratory data differences was observed at TCZ onset between both groups (Table 1). The mean prednisone dose was higher in the TCZNON-OPT group at TCZ onset. The first TCZ optimization was performed after a median [25-75th] follow-up of 12 [6-17] months.

Table 1.

Main general features at TCZ onset of 231 GCA patients with prolonged remission.

OPTIMIZED-TCZ GROUP (n=125)NON-OPTIMIZED TCZ GROUP (n=106)pGENERAL FEATURES Age, years, mean± SD72.7±8.674±8.70.197 Sex, female/male n (% female)91/34 (72.8)74/32 (69.8)0.616 Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]8 [2-21.5]5 [2-21]0.384SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS Fever, n (%)14 (11.2)15 (14.2)0.500 Constitutional syndrome, n (%)54 (43.2)39 (36.8)0.322 PMR, n (%)75 (60)69 (65.1)0.426ISCHEMIC MANIFESTATIONS Visual involvement, n (%)14 (11.2)16 (15.1)0.380 Headache, n (%)66 (52.8)62 (58.5)0.386 Jaw claudication, n (%)24 (19.2)25 (23.6)0.417AORTITIS (large-vessel involvement), n (%)65 (52)42 (39.6)0.060ANALYTICAL FINDINGS ESR, mm/1st hour, mean (SD)39.1±29.337.5±33.50.334 CRP, mg/dL mean (SD)2.6± 3.42.7± 40.305 Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD)13.5±9.612.9±1.50.153GLUCOCORTICOIDS Prednisone dose, mg/d mean (SD)20.3±16.427±17.80.001

Abbreviations: CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCA: giant cell arteritis; IQR: interquartile range; IV: intravenous; PMR: polymyalgia rheumatica; SC: subcutaneous; SD: standard deviation; TCZ: tocilizumab.

The median prednisone dose at first TCZ optimization was 2.5 [0-5] mg/day. At the end of follow-up prolonged remission was observed in 78.2% of TCZOPT group compared with 66.7% in the TCZNON-OPT group (p= 0.001) (Figure 1). Seven (5.6%) of the 125 optimized cases relapsed. Serious adverse events were similar in both groups, while serious infections were more frequent in the TCZNON-OPT group (p=0.009).

Conclusion

Once complete remission is reached in GCA patients under TCZ treatment, optimization of biologic may be performed. Based on our experience it could be performed by reducing the dose or by prolonging dosing interval of TCZ. It seems to be an effective and safe practice.

References

[1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091

[2]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34: S44-53. PMID: 27050507

[3]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589

[4]Loricera J, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 27: 213-9. PMID: 25828585

Disclosure of Interests

Carmen Álvarez-Reguera: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Jose Luis Hernández Hernández: None declared, Miguel Á. González-Gay Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and MSD., Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche., Ricardo Blanco Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Lilly and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche.

AB1367 PET ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TOCILIZUMAB IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. STUDY OF 101 PATIENTS FROM CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background

Positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the tools available for the diagnosis of extracranial large-vessel vasculitis (1-5). Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) including GCA. However, the improvement objectified by imaging techniques after TCZ therapy in extracranial GCA patients is controversial.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of TCZ improving the wall vessel inflammation by PET in GCA patients with large-vessel involvement.

Methods

Observational, multicenter study of 101 GCA patients treated with TCZ. GCA was diagnosed according to: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) biopsy of temporal artery, and/or c) presence of signs of vessel wall inflammation by PET, defined by the presence of vascular wall uptake of Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Patients were divided into two subgroups: a) with, and b) without signs of improvement (partial or total) in the follow-up PET.

Results

We studied 101 patients (74 women/27 men; mean age 69.7±9.3 years). Main clinical features of GCA with and without PET improvement are shown in Table 1. The group of patients which experienced PET improvement was older and was receiving higher doses of corticosteroids at TCZ onset.

Table 1.

Main features of 101 GCA patients treated with tocilizumab and with presence of signs of vessel wall inflammation by PET.

With PET improvement (n=88)Without PET improvement (n=13)pBaseline characteristics at TCZ onsetGeneral characteristicsAge(years), mean±SD70.6±9.163.8±9.20.014Sex, female/male (% female)67/21(76)7/6 (54)0.103Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]11 [4-24.2]4 [2-6]0.102Systemic manifestations, n (%)Fever, n (%)5 (6)2 (15)0.225Constitutional syndrome, n (%)36 (41)4 (31)0.466PmR, n (%)53 (60)9 (10)0.761Ischaemic manifestations, n (%)Visual involvement, n (%)2 (2)1 (1)0.342Headache, n (%)30 (34)3 (23)0.538Jaw claudication, n (%)8 (9)0 (0)0.592Laboratory dataESR, mm 1st hour, median [IQR]38.0 ± 26.213.54 ± 9.90.001CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]1.5 [0.7-2.4]1 [0.5-1.7]0.179Prednisone dose, mg/day, median [IQR]40.3 ± 19.421.9 ± 12.70.001Time from TCZ onset and follow-up PET (months)13.1±8.010.1±5.30.446

Conclusion

TCZ seems to be effective controlling GCA including vascular involvement detected by PET. However, the improvement observed by PET is most often partial, and rarely complete.

Figure 1.

Improvement by PET according to the time of the test.

References

[1]Loricera J, et al. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2015; 34: 372-7. PMID: 26272121

[2]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33: S19-31. PMID: 25437450

[3]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589

[4]Martínez-Rodríguez I, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018; 47: 530-537. PMID: 28967430

[5]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 48: 720-727. PMID: 29903537

Acknowledgements

Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish Collaborative Group: Juan C. González Nieto (H. Gregorio Marañón), Juan R. de Dios (H.U. Araba), Esther Fernández (H. Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca), Isabel de la Morena (H. Clínico Universitario de Valencia), Patricia Moya (H. Sant Pau), Roser Solans i Laqué (H. Valle de Hebrón), Eva Pérez Pampín (H.U. de Santiago), José L. Andréu (H.U. Puerta de Hierro), Marcelino Revenga (H. Ramón y Cajal), Juan P. Baldivieso Achá (H. U. de La Princesa), Eztizen Labrador (H. San Pedro), Andrea García-Valle (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia), Adela Gallego (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz), Carlota Iñíguez (H.U. Lucus Augusti), Cristina Hidalgo (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca), Noemí Garrido-Puñal (H. Virgen del Rocío), Ruth López-González (Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora), José A. Román-Ivorra (H.U. y Politécnico La Fe), Sara Manrique (H. Regional de Málaga), Paz Collado (H.U. Severo Ochoa), Enrique Raya (H. San Cecilio), Valvanera Pinillos (H. San Pedro), Francisco Navarro (H. General Universitario de Elche), Alejandro Olivé-Marqués (H. Trías i Pujol), Francisco J. Toyos (H.U. Virgen Macarena), María L. Marena Rojas (H. La Mancha Centro), Antoni Juan Más (H.U. Son Llàtzer), Beatriz Arca (H.U. San Agustín), Carmen Ordás-Calvo (H. Cabueñes), María D. Boquet (H. Arnau de Vilanova), Noelia Álvarez-Rivas (H.U. Lucus Augusti), María L. Velloso-Feijoo (H.U. de Valme), Cristina Campos (H. General Universitario de Valencia), Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa (H. Doctor Negrín), Antonio García (H. Virgen de las Nieves), Carlos Vázquez (H. Miguel Servet), Pau Lluch (H. Mateu Orfila), Carmen Torres (Complejo Asistencial de Ávila), Cristina Luna (H.U. Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria), Elena Becerra (H.U. de Torrevieja), Nagore Fernández-Llanio (H. Arnáu de Vilanova), Arantxa Conesa (H.U. de Castellón), Eva Salgado (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense).

Disclosure of Interests

Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Javier Loricera: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, Jose Luis Hernández Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche

AB1366 ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TOCILIZUMAB IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. STUDY OF 26 PATIENTS FROM CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background

Large-vessel vasculitis are characterized by the wall inflammation of the involved vessels, which can be detected by imaging tools (1-3). Ultrasound (US) is one of the most commonly used tools for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), especially in patients with a cranial phenotype. Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) including GCA (4,5). However, the improvement objectified by imaging techniques such as US after TCZ therapy is poorly documented.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of TCZ improving the wall vessel inflammation by US.

Methods

Observational, multicenter study of 26 GCA patients treated with TCZ. GCA was diagnosed according to: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) biopsy of temporal artery, and/or c) presence of signs of vessel wall inflammation by US, defined by the presence of halo sign. In all the cases a baseline US and in the follow-up was mandatory.

Patients were divided into two subgroups: a) with, and b) without signs of improvement (partial or total) in the follow-up US.

Results

We studied 26 patients (19 women/7 men; mean age, 76.3±9.7 years). Main clinical features of GCA with and without US improvement are shown in Table 1. We found no significant differences in any of the variables studied between the two groups.

Table 1.

Main features of 27 GCA patients treated with tocilizumab followed by Ultrasound (US).

With US improvement (n=21)Without US improvement (n=5)pBaseline characteristics at TCZ onsetGeneral characteristicsAge(years), mean±SD77.3±8.972.2±12.90.270Sex, female/male (% female)17/4 (80,95)2/3 (40)0.101Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]6 [3-9]3 [1-6]0.452Systemic manifestations, n (%)Fever, n (%)1/21 (4.76)1/5 (20)0.354Constitutional syndrome, n (%)10/21 (47.62)2/5 (40)0.999PmR, n (%)11/21 (52.38)1/5 (20)0.330Ischaemic manifestations, n (%)Visual involvement, n (%)1/21 (4.76)1/5 (20)0.354Headache, n (%)15/21 (71.43)5/5 (100)0.298Jaw claudication, n (%)4/15 (26.67)¼ (25)0.999Laboratory dataESR, mm 1st hour, median [IQR]33 [22-49]55 [54-80]0.216CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]1.5 [0.7-6.7]3.8 [1-4.2]0.948Prednisone dose, mg/day, median [IQR]13.7 [10-30]30 [12.5-30]0.505Time from TCZ onset and follow-up US (months)3.9±3.63.1±2.10.456

After TCZ onset, 21 of 26 patients (80.7%) showed US signs of improvement (12 complete, 9 partial). In 4 out of 5 patients in whom there was no improvement in US findings, clinical improvement was observed at first month after starting TCZ.

Conclusion

TCZ seems to be effective controlling GCA including vascular involvement detected by US. This improvement can be seen by follow-up US, especially when performed at least 3 months after TCZ onset.

References

[1]Loricera J, et al. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2015; 34: 372-7. PMID: 26272121

[2]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33: S19-31. PMID: 25437450

[3]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589

[4]Martínez-Rodríguez I, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018; 47: 530-537. PMID: 28967430

[5]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 48: 720-727. PMID: 29903537

Acknowledgements

Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish Collaborative Group: Juan C. González Nieto (H. Gregorio Marañón), Juan R. de Dios (H.U. Araba), Esther Fernández (H. Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca), Isabel de la Morena (H. Clínico Universitario de Valencia), Patricia Moya (H. Sant Pau), Roser Solans i Laqué (H. Valle de Hebrón), Eva Pérez Pampín (H.U. de Santiago), José L. Andréu (H.U. Puerta de Hierro), Marcelino Revenga (H. Ramón y Cajal), Juan P. Baldivieso Achá (H. U. de La Princesa), Eztizen Labrador (H. San Pedro), Andrea García-Valle (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia), Adela Gallego (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz), Carlota Iñíguez (H.U. Lucus Augusti), Cristina Hidalgo (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca), Noemí Garrido-Puñal (H. Virgen del Rocío), Ruth López-González (Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora), José A. Román-Ivorra (H.U. y Politécnico La Fe), Sara Manrique (H. Regional de Málaga), Paz Collado (H.U. Severo Ochoa), Enrique Raya (H. San Cecilio), Valvanera Pinillos (H. San Pedro), Francisco Navarro (H. General Universitario de Elche), Alejandro Olivé-Marqués (H. Trías i Pujol), Francisco J. Toyos (H.U. Virgen Macarena), María L. Marena Rojas (H. La Mancha Centro), Antoni Juan Más (H.U. Son Llàtzer), Beatriz Arca (H.U. San Agustín), Carmen Ordás-Calvo (H. Cabueñes), María D. Boquet (H. Arnau de Vilanova), Noelia Álvarez-Rivas (H.U. Lucus Augusti), María L. Velloso-Feijoo (H.U. de Valme), Cristina Campos (H. General Universitario de Valencia), Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa (H. Doctor Negrín), Antonio García (H. Virgen de las Nieves), Carlos Vázquez (H. Miguel Servet), Pau Lluch (H. Mateu Orfila), Carmen Torres (Complejo Asistencial de Ávila), Cristina Luna (H.U. Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria), Elena Becerra (H.U. de Torrevieja), Nagore Fernández-Llanio (H. Arnáu de Vilanova), Arantxa Conesa (H.U. de Castellón), Eva Salgado (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense).

Disclosure of Interests

Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Javier Loricera: None declared, Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto González: None declared, Patricia Moya: None declared, Eztizen Labrador-Sánchez: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche

ScipionTomo: Towards cryo-electron tomography software integration, reproducibility, and validation

Image processing in cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) is currently at a similar state as Single Particle Analysis (SPA) in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) was a few years ago. Its data processing workflows are far from being well defined and the user experience is still not smooth. Moreover, file formats of different software packages and their associated metadata are not standardized, mainly since different packages are developed by different groups, focusing on different steps of the data processing pipeline.

The Scipion framework, originally developed for SPA (de la Rosa-Trevín et al., 2016), has a generic python workflow engine that gives it the versatility to be extended to other fields, as demonstrated for model building (Martínez et al., 2020). In this article, we provide an extension of Scipion based on a set of tomography plugins (referred to as ScipionTomo hereafter), with a similar purpose: to allow users to be focused on the data processing and analysis instead of having to deal with multiple software installation issues and the inconvenience of switching from one to another, converting metadata files, managing possible incompatibilities, scripting (writing a simple program in a language that the computer must convert to machine language each time the program is run), etcetera. Additionally, having all the software available in an integrated platform allows comparing the results of different algorithms trying to solve the same problem. In this way, the commonalities and differences between estimated parameters shed light on which results can be more trusted than others. ScipionTomo is developed by a collaborative multidisciplinary team composed of Scipion team engineers, structural biologists, and in some cases, the developers whose software packages have been integrated. It is open to anyone in the field willing to contribute to this project.

The result is a framework extension that combines the acquired knowledge of Scipion developers in close collaboration with third-party developers, and the on-demand design of functionalities requested by beta testers applying this solution to actual biological problems.

POS0802 INVOLVEMENT OF THE AORTA AND/OR ITS MAIN BRANCHES IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. TREATMENT WITH TOCILIZUMAB

Background

Large vessel involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), especially the aorta and/or its main branches, is frequent. Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy and safety in GCA and other large-vessel vasculitis (1-4).

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and safety of TCZ in GCA patients with involvement of the aorta and/or its main branches.

Methods

Multicenter observational study of 196 patients with GCA and involvement of the aorta and/or its major branches treated with TCZ. GCA was diagnosed by: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) imaging techniques. The presence of aortitis was performed by imaging techniques, mainly PET, and A-MRI.

Maintained remission was considered according to EULAR definitions (5).

Results

The main features of the 196 patients are showed in Table 1. Polymyalgia rheumatica, constitutional syndrome and headache were the most frequent clinical manifestations at TCZ onset. At 6 months after starting TCZ, 20% of the patients reached a sustained remission, that was progressively increasing. (Figure 1). A corticosteroid-sparing effect was observed from month 1 of TCZ onset (Figure 1). Relevant adverse events were observed in 12 per 100 patients-year, documenting serious infections in 4.8 per 100 patients-year (Table 1).

Table 1.

Main features of 196 GCA patients with involvement of the aorta and/or its main branches treated with TCZ.

GCA (n=196)Features at TCZ onsetAge(years), mean±SD71.3±9.5Sex, female/male (% female)148/48 (75)Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]7 [2-18.25]Systemic manifestations, n (%)Fever, n (%)24 (12)Constitutional syndrome, n (%)87 (44)PmR, n (%)131 (67)Ischaemic manifestations, n (%)Visual involvement, n (%)16 (8)Headache, n (%)74 (38)Jaw claudication, n (%)27 (14)Laboratory dataESR, mm 1st hour, median [IQR]32 [14-54]CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]1.5 [0.6-3.2]Prednisone dose, mg/day, median [IQR]15 [10-30]Safety after TCZ onsetRelevant adverse events, per 100 patients-year12Serious infections, per 100 patients-year4.8Figure 1.

A) Sustained remission, and B) median prednisone dose required in GCA patients with aortitis treated with tocilizumab

Conclusion

TCZ seems to be effective and relatively safe in GCA patients with involvement of the aorta and/or its main branches.

References

[1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091

[2]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34: S44-53. PMID: 27050507

[3]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015; 33: S19-31. PMID: 25437450

[4]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021; 13: 1759720X211020917. PMID: 34211589

[5]Hellmich B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 19-30. PMID: 31270110

Disclosure of Interests

Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Javier Loricera Speakers bureau: from Roche, Novartis, UCB Pharma, Celgene, and Grünenthal., Rafael Melero: None declared, Santos Castañeda Speakers bureau: UAM-Roche, EPID- Future chair, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Clara Moriano: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, J. Luis Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene, and MSD., Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen, and Roche,, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Janssen, and MSD., Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche

POS0817 TOCILIZUMAB IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GIANT CELL ARTERITIS VERSUS REFRACTORY/RECURRENT GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; MULTICENTER STUDY OF 471 PATIENTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is the only biologic drug approved in giant cell arteritis (GCA), based in two clinical trials (CT) (1,2). CT included selected patients who may differ from those of clinical practice (CP). A high proportion of GCA patients treated with TCZ in CT had a newly diagnosed GCA, whereas in CP, most of them are refractory/recurrent GCA (3,4). Although in CT the efficacy of TCZ seems to be similar in patients with newly diagnosed GCA and in patients with refractory/recurrent GCA, in CP it is not documented.

Objectives

To compare in CP, the effectiveness and safety of TCZ in newly diagnosed vs refractory/recurrent GCA.

Methods

Multicentre observational study on 471 GCA patients treated with TCZ. GCA was diagnosed by: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) imaging techniques. A comparative study between patients with newly diagnosed GCA (<6 weeks) and those with refractory/recurrent GCA (>6 weeks) (according to GiACTA study definitions) (2). Sustained remission was based on EULAR definitions (5).

Results

The 471 GCA patients were divided into 2 subgroups: a) newly diagnosed GCA (n=91) and b) refractory/recurrent GCA (n=380) (Table 1).

Table 1.

Main features of patients with newly diagnosed GCA and refractory/recurrent GCA treated with tocilizumab.

Newly diagnosed GCA (n=91)Refractory/recurrent GCA (n=380)pBaseline characteristics at TCZ onset Age(years), mean±SD74.3±8.573.3±9.10.35 Sex, female/male (% female)60/31 (66)282/98 (74)0.11 Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]1 [0.5-1]10 [4-24]0.0001 ESR, mm 1st hour, median [IQR]46 [17.5-80.5]27 [10-50]0.02 CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]2.1 [0.7-8.5]1.3 [0.4-2.8]0.13 Haemoglobin, g/dL, mean±SD12.3±1.512.7±1.50.03 Prednisone dose, mg/day, median [IQR]40 [21.2-50]15 [10-30]<0.001Effectiveness and Safety after TCZ onsetFollow-up, (months), median [IQR]15 [6-27.5]22 [11-37]0.004Relevant adverse events, n (%)23 (25)102 (27)0.54Relevant adverse events per 100 patients-year2015NSSerious infections, n (%)13 (14)53 (14)0.49Serious infections per 100 patients-year11.28NSMACES, n (%)0 (0)1 (0.3)-MACES per 100 patients-year00.2-Malignancies n (%)2 (2)3 (0.8)0.99Malignancies per 100 patients-year1.60.5NS

Abbreviations: CRP: C-reactive protein;ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate;GCA: giant cell arteritis; IQR: interquartile range; IV: intravenous; MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; NS: non significant; SC: subcutaneous; SD: standard deviation

No significant differences were observed between both groups in sustained remission, although a greater tendency towards sustained remission is observed in newly diagnosed than in refractory/recurrent GCA patients (Figure 1). The decrease in glucocorticoids dose was faster in the first three months in the newly diagnosed GCA group, but thereafter, was similar in both groups, as well as the appearance of relevant adverse events and serious infections.

Figure 1.

A) Sustained remission, and B) median prednisone dose required in patients with newly diagnosed GCA and in patients with refractory/recurrent GCA treated with tocilizumab.

Conclusion

The effectiveness and safety of TCZ seems to be similar in patients with newly diagnosed GCA and in patients with refractory/recurrent GCA.

References

[1]Villiger PM, et al. Lancet. 2016; 387:1921-1927. PMID: 26952547

[2]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:317-328. PMID: 28745999

[3]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091

[4]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020; 124: S112-119. PMID: 32441643

[5]Hellmich B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 19-30. PMID: 31270110

Acknowledgements

Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish Collaborative Group: Juan C. González Nieto (H. Gregorio Marañón), Juan R. de Dios (H.U. Araba), Esther Fernández (H. Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca), Isabel de la Morena (H. Clínico Universitario de Valencia), Patricia Moya (H. Sant Pau), Roser Solans i Laqué (H. Valle de Hebrón), Eva Pérez Pampín (H.U. de Santiago), José L. Andréu (H.U. Puerta de Hierro), Marcelino Revenga (H. Ramón y Cajal), Juan P. Baldivieso Achá (H. U. de La Princesa), Eztizen Labrador (H. San Pedro), Andrea García-Valle (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia), Adela Gallego (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz), Carlota Iñíguez (H.U. Lucus Augusti), Cristina Hidalgo (Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca), Noemí Garrido-Puñal (H. Virgen del Rocío), Ruth López-González (Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora), José A. Román-Ivorra (H.U. y Politécnico La Fe), Sara Manrique (H. Regional de Málaga), Paz Collado (H.U. Severo Ochoa), Enrique Raya (H. San Cecilio), Valvanera Pinillos (H. San Pedro), Francisco Navarro (H. General Universitario de Elche), Alejandro Olivé-Marqués (H. Trías i Pujol), Francisco J. Toyos (H.U. Virgen Macarena), María L. Marena Rojas (H. La Mancha Centro), Antoni Juan Más (H.U. Son Llàtzer), Beatriz Arca (H.U. San Agustín), Carmen Ordás-Calvo (H. Cabueñes), María D. Boquet (H. Arnau de Vilanova), Noelia Álvarez-Rivas (H.U. Lucus Augusti), María L. Velloso-Feijoo (H.U. de Valme), Cristina Campos (H. General Universitario de Valencia), Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa (H. Doctor Negrín), Antonio García (H. Virgen de las Nieves), Carlos Vázquez (H. Miguel Servet), Pau Lluch (H. Mateu Orfila), Carmen Torres (Complejo Asistencial de Ávila), Cristina Luna (H.U. Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria), Elena Becerra (H.U. de Torrevieja), Nagore Fernández-Llanio (H. Arnáu de Vilanova), Arantxa Conesa (H.U. de Castellón), Eva Salgado (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense).

Disclosure of Interests

Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Javier Loricera: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, Jose Luis Hernández Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche

POS0801 VISUAL INVOLVEMENT AND PERMANENT VISUAL LOSS IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS: PREDICTIVE FACTORS

Background

Visual involvement is the most feared complication of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) (1-5). Permanent visual loss (PVL) may be preceded by transient visual loss. Once blindness is established, the prognosis is poor. Most of the series of predictive factors of visual involvement in GCA are old and with a small number of patients.

Objectives

To assess the predictive factors of visual involvement and PVL in GCA.

Methods

Multicenter observational study of 471 patients with GCA. The diagnosis of GCA was performed between 2016 and 2021 according to: a) ACR criteria, and/or b) temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) imaging techniques.

From the 471 patients, we selected patients who developed a) visual involvement at any time during GCA and b) PVL. PVL was defined as partial or complete visual loss of >24 hours. Predictive factors were identified by multivariate analysis.

Results

Visual involvement was observed in 122 cases and PVL in 60 (Table 1). The ischemic and systemic manifestations set of variables associated with visual involvement were headache, and jaw claudication, whereas large-vessel involvement was a protective variable (Figure 1). The area under the curve (AUC) for the model was 0.72 (95%CI 0.67-0.77; p<0.0001).

Figure 1.

Forest plot of multivariate analysis.

Table 1.

Main features of the patients

Overall (n= 471)GCA without visual involvement (n=349)GCA with visual involvement (n= 122)GCA with PVL (n=60)P visual vs non visual involvementP PVL vs non visual involvementAge at diagnosis of GCA (mean±SD)72±971±975±875±90.0010.001Female/Male (% of female)342/129 (73)265/84 (76)77/45 (63)41/19 (68)0.0060.21Positive TAB, n (%)201 (43)146 (42)55 (45)33 (55)0.530.34Cardiovascular risk factorsHigh blood pressure, n (%)272 (58)189 (54)83 (68)40 (67)0.0130.058Dyslipidemia, n (%)241 (51)175 (50)66 (54)32 (53)0.610.63Diabetes, n (%)81 (17)50 (14)31 (25)16 (27)0.0070.016Previous or current smoking history, n (%)47 (10)31 (9)16 (13)8 (13)0.210.27CHADS2 score, median [IQR]1 [1-2]1 [0-2]2 [1-2]2 [1-2]0.0010.004Ischemic manifestationsHeadache, n (%)259 (55)167 (48)92 (75)42 (70)0.0000.002Jaw claudication, n (%)112 (24)63 (18)49 (40)26 (43)0.0000.000Systemic manifestationsFever, n (%)57 (12)47 (13)10 (8)4 (7)0.120.20Constitutional syndrome, n (%)175 (37)132 (38)43 (35)20 (33)0.550.47PmR, n (%)284 (60)218 (62)66 (54)29 (48)0.0940.022Large-vessel involvement, n (%)254 (54)211 (60)43 (35)20 (33)0.0000.000ESR, mm/1st hour, median [IQR]32 [12-57]30 [11-54]34 [15-67]42 [12-67]0.220.28CRP (mg/dL), median [IQR]1.5 [0.5-3.4]1.4 [0.5-3.0]1.5 [0.4-4.7]1.5 [0.4-3.6]0.0420.30

In the same line, the set of variables associated with PVL were headache, and jaw claudication. By contrast, polymyalgia rheumatica (PmR), and large-vessel involvement were protective factors (Figure 1). The AUC for this model was 0.77 (95%CI 0.71-0.83; p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Headache, and jaw claudication seem to be associated with visual involvement in GCA, while large vessel involvement seems to be a protective factor. PmR also appears to be a protective factor for the development of PVL.

References

[1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49: 126-135. PMID: 30655091

[2]Baalbaki H, et al. Clin Rheumatol. 2021; 40: 3207-3217. PMID: 33580374

[3]González-Gay MA, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 1998; 41: 1497-1504. PMID: 9704651

[4]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 48: 720-727. PMID: 29903537

[5]Martínez-Rodríguez I, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018; 47: 530-537. PMID: 28967430

Acknowledgements

Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish Collaborative Group.

Disclosure of Interests

Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Javier Loricera Speakers bureau: Roche, Novartis, UCB Pharma, Celgene, and Grünenthal, Clara Moriano: None declared, Santos Castañeda Speakers bureau: UAM-Roche, EPID- Future chair, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, J. Luis Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene, and MSD., Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen, and Roche,, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Janssen, and MSD., Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche

POS0804 TOCILIZUMAB IN LARGE-VESSEL GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND TAKAYASU ARTERITIS: MULTICENTRIC OBSERVATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown to be effective for large vessel vasculitis including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) (1-5). However, LVV-GCA and TAK show different demographic and clinical features that may influence on TCZ therapeutic response.

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of TCZ in patients with LVV-GCA and patients with TAK.

Methods

Observational multicenter study of patients with LVV-GCA and TAK who received TCZ. Outcome variables were: a) proportion of patients who achieved complete clinical improvement along with normalization of laboratory markers (CRP ≤0.5mg/dL and/or ESR ≤ 20 mm/1st hour) at 12 months b) complete improvement in imaging techniques. A comparative study between patients with LVV-GCA and TAK was performed.

Results

We evaluated 70 LVV-GCA and 57 TAK patients who received TCZ. Main clinical and demographic characteristic are described in Table 1. Patients with TAK were younger, had longer disease duration, had received more commonly previous biologic therapy and were receiving higher doses of prednisone at baseline. TCZ intravenous administration was more common in TAK patients (80.7% vs 48.6%; p<0.01). Follow-up time after TCZ onset was similar in both groups. At 12 months, about 75% of patients achieved complete clinical improvement and ESR/CRP normalization in both groups. A follow-up imaging technique was performed in 37 LVV-GCA patients after a mean time of 12.9±6.0 months and 38 TAK patients after 9.5±5.0 months. Complete improvement in imaging techniques was only observed in 18.9% and 21.1% of patients with LVV-GCA and TAK, respectively (Figure 1).

Table 1.LVV-GCA (n=70)TAK (n=57)pGeneral featuresAge (years), mean ± SD67.2 ± 10.540.5 ± 16.3< 0.01Sex (female), n (%)51 (72.9)49 (86)0.07Disease evolution before TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]5 [2-15]12 [3-37]<0.01Baseline laboratory parametersESR (mm/1st hour), median [IQR]32 [12.5-54.7]31 [10-52]0.82CRP (mg/dL), median [IQR]1.4 [0.5-2.4]1.4 [0.5-3.5]0.41Baseline prednisone dose (mg/day), median [IQR]15 [10-20]30 [15-50]< 0.01Previous therapyConventional DMARDs, n(%)45 (64.3)44(77.2)0.51Biologic therapy, n (%)0(0)12 (21.1)<0.01TCZ therapyIntravenous, n (%)34 (48.6)46 (80.7)< 0.01Combined with MTX, n(%)24 (34.3)24 (42.1)0.37Follow-up time after TCZ onset, median [IQR]20 [10-36]18 [7-41]0.73Complete clinical improvement and ESR/CRP normalization at 12 months, n/N (%)35/47 (74.4)30/39 (76.9)0.79Complete improvement in imaging techniques, n/N(%)7/37 (18.9)8/38 (21.1)0.85

CRP: C-reactive protein; DMARDs: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCA: giant cell arteritis; IQR: interquartile range; LVV: large vessel; MTX: methotrexate; n: Number of patients; N: total number of patients: TCZ: tocilizumab; TAK:takayasu

Figure 1.

Conclusion

The effectiveness of TCZ was similar in patients with LVV-GCA and TAK, despite a more refractory disease in TAK patients. A discordance between clinical and imaging activity improvement was observed in both LVV-GCA and TAK, as reported in previous studies (3).

References

[1]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:126-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003

[2]Prieto-Peña D et al. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:175. PMID: 34211589.

[3]Prieto Peña D et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 129:69-75. PMID: 33253103.

[4]González-Gay MA, et al. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2019;19:65-72. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1556256.

[5]Prieto-Peña D, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;48(4):720-727. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.05.007

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

POS0828 BIOLOGIC THERAPY IN REFRACTORY PARENCHYMAL AND NON-PARENCHYMAL NEUROBEHÇET DISEASE: NATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY

Background

Ocular and Neurobehçet’s Disease (NBD) are the most severe manifestations of Behcet’s disease (1-4). NBD can be classified as a) primary neural parenchymal lesions, also known as parenchymal NBD (p-NBD) or b) secondary to vascular involvement or non-parenchymal NBD (np-NBD) (4). Response to biologic therapy (BT) in these two refractory subtypes of NBD is unknown.

Objectives

To assess efficacy and safety of BT in refractory subtypes of NBD.

Methods

Open-label multicenter study of refractory NBD from 21 different referral National Hospitals. NBD diagnosis was based on the International Consensus Recommendation criteria (4). Efficacy was determined by complete or partial response and no-response. Complete, partial or no response was defined according to the resolution of the neurological syndrome (signs and/or symptoms) after the BT onset.

Results

We studied 41 patients (21 women/20 men; mean age: 40.6±10.8 years). NBD was classified as p-NBD (n= 33, 80.5%) and np-NBD (n=17, 41.5%). There were no significant differences in baseline general features and in neurological clinical response in both subgroups (Table 1 and Figure 1). The first BT used in p-NBD were Infliximab (IFX) (n=15), Adalimumab (ADA) (n=11), Golimumab (GLM) (n=3), Tocilizumab (TCZ) (n=2) and Etanercept (ETN) (n=2) and in np-NBD were IFX (n=9), ADA (n=6), TCZ (n=1) and ETN (n=1).

Table 1.

Main features of p-NBD and np-NBD

Totalp-NBDnp-NBDP p-NBD vs np-NBDAge at biological therapy initiation, years (mean±SD)44±13.941.4±9.639.4±10.60.412Gender, n (m/f) (%)21/20 (48.8/52.2)18/15 (54.5/45.5)5/12 (29.4/70.6)0.091HLAB51 +/ patients tested, n (%)15/31 (57.7)14/25 (58.3)4/10 (40)0.391Oral aphthae, n (%)40 (97.6)32 (97)15 (88.2)0.323Cutaneous involvement, n (%)28 (63.4)23 (69.7)10 (58.8)0.603Ocular involvement, n (%)21 (48.8)15 (45.5)9 (52.9)0.616Vascular involvement, n (%)9 (22)10 (30.3)7 (41.2)0.442Articular involvement, n (%)9 (22)7 (21.2)3 (17.6)0.765Previous conventional Immunosuppressive drugs to BTAzathioprine24 (58.5)20 (60.6)10 (58.8)-Methotrexate16 (39.0)12 (36.4)3 (17.6)-Cyclophosphamide13 (31.7)13 (39.4)5 (29.4)-Cyclosporine A9 (22.0)8 (24.2)3 (17.6)-Mycophenolate Mofetil2 (4.9)2 (6.1)0-Figure 1.

Response to biological therapy according to NBD subtypes.

After an overall mean follow-up of 57.5±50.9 months BT was switched in 22 patients due to inefficacy (n=16) or Adverse Effects (AE) (n=6) and in 4 cases was definitively discontinued because of complete prolonged remission (n=3) or AE (n=1). AE were observed in 7 (17.1%) patients. Severe AE were observed in 2 cases, one due to demyelinating disease and the other due to pulmonary tuberculosis, both in patients undergoing IFX therapy. The other 6 AE were infusion reaction to IFX (n=1), IFX-induced psoriasis (n=1), IFX-induced acneiform eruption (n=1), infusion reaction to TCZ (n=1), intolerance to IFX and recurrent mild infections (n=1) and erosive lichen planus and bullous impetigo (n=1).

Conclusion

In our series, BT seems equally effective and safe in both refractory p-NBD and np-NBD.

References

[1]Martín-Varillas JL, et al. Ophthalmology 2018 Sep;125(9):1444-1451. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.020.

[2]Atienza-Mateo B, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019 Dec;71(12):2081-2089. doi: 10.1002/art.41026.

[3]Santos-Gómez M, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2016 Sep-Oct;34(6 Suppl 102): S34-S40.

[4]Kalra S, et al. Diagnosis and management of Neuro-Behçet’s disease: international consensus recommendations. J Neurol. 2014 Sep;261(9):1662–76.

Disclosure of Interests

Alba Herrero-Morant: None declared, José Luis Martín-Varillas Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly, Janssen, UCB, and Celgene, Santos Castañeda Paid instructor for: Assistant professor of the Cátedra UAM-ROCHE, EPID-Future, UAM, Madrid, Spain, Olga Maiz-Alonso: None declared, Julio Sanchez-Martin: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Águeda Prior-Español: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Jenaro Graña: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Angel Ramos Calvo: None declared, Marta Loredo Martínez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Ignacio Torre-Salaberri: None declared, J. Narváez Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Olga Martínez González: None declared, Ricardo Gómez de la Torre: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Iñigo Gonzalez-Mazon: None declared, Carmen Álvarez-Reguera: None declared, David Martínez-López: None declared, J. Luis Hernández: None declared, Miguel Á. González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene, Sobi, and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Janssen, and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, BMS, Janssen, and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, and Roche

Nanobodies Protecting From Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Target Receptor Binding Epitopes Preserved in Virus Variants Other Than Omicron

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape from immune neutralization are challenging vaccines and antibodies developed to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is important to establish therapeutics directed toward multiple or specific SARS-CoV-2 variants. The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is the key target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs). We selected a panel of nine nanobodies (Nbs) from dromedary camels immunized with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S, and engineered Nb fusions as humanized heavy chain Abs (hcAbs). Nbs and derived hcAbs bound with subnanomolar or picomolar affinities to the S and its RBD, and S-binding cross-competition clustered them in two different groups. Most of the hcAbs hindered RBD binding to its human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor, blocked cell entry of viruses pseudotyped with the S protein and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell cultures. Four potent neutralizing hcAbs prevented the progression to lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in hACE2-transgenic mice, demonstrating their therapeutic potential. Cryo-electron microscopy identified Nb binding epitopes in and out the receptor binding motif (RBM), and showed different ways to prevent virus binding to its cell entry receptor. The Nb binding modes were consistent with its recognition of SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants; mono and bispecific hcAbs efficiently bound all variants of concern except omicron, which emphasized the immune escape capacity of this latest variant.

On bias, variance, overfitting, gold standard and consensus in single-particle analysis by cryo-electron microscopy

Single-particle analysis (SPA) by cryo-electron microscopy comprises the estimation of many parameters along its image-processing pipeline. Overfitting observed in SPA is normally due to misestimated parameters, and the only way to identify these is by comparing the estimates of multiple algorithms or, at least, multiple executions of the same algorithm.

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) has become a well established technique to elucidate the 3D structures of biological macromolecules. Projection images from thousands of macromolecules that are assumed to be structurally identical are combined into a single 3D map representing the Coulomb potential of the macromolecule under study. This article discusses possible caveats along the image-processing path and how to avoid them to obtain a reliable 3D structure. Some of these problems are very well known in the community. These may be referred to as sample-related (such as specimen denaturation at interfaces or non-uniform projection geometry leading to underrepresented projection directions). The rest are related to the algorithms used. While some have been discussed in depth in the literature, such as the use of an incorrect initial volume, others have received much less attention. However, they are fundamental in any data-analysis approach. Chiefly among them, instabilities in estimating many of the key parameters that are required for a correct 3D reconstruction that occur all along the processing workflow are referred to, which may significantly affect the reliability of the whole process. In the field, the term overfitting has been coined to refer to some particular kinds of artifacts. It is argued that overfitting is a statistical bias in key parameter-estimation steps in the 3D reconstruction process, including intrinsic algorithmic bias. It is also shown that common tools (Fourier shell correlation) and strategies (gold standard) that are normally used to detect or prevent overfitting do not fully protect against it. Alternatively, it is proposed that detecting the bias that leads to overfitting is much easier when addressed at the level of parameter estimation, rather than detecting it once the particle images have been combined into a 3D map. Comparing the results from multiple algorithms (or at least, independent executions of the same algorithm) can detect parameter bias. These multiple executions could then be averaged to give a lower variance estimate of the underlying parameters.

Low Expression of ICAM-1 in Blood Eosinophils in Patients With Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic and isolated inflammation of the esophagus characterized by a marked infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes. Diagnosis and course of the disease are based exclusively on histopathology. Therefore, patients must undergo several esophageal biopsies, implying a risk associated with the procedure and considerable use of resources. Objective: The presence of active circulating eosinophils, which are quantifiable through the expression of specific cellular activation proteins in their membrane, could be consistent with histopathological findings, which are currently the only valid parameters in studies on EoE.

METHODS

The activity of peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with EoE was analyzed by identifying 5 surface molecules (CD69, IL- 5Rα, CD44, ICAM-1, CD63), which are seen to be expressed by the active eosinophils in flow cytometry. The results were compared with the infiltrate of eosinophils present in patients' esophageal biopsies.

RESULTS

ICAM-1 levels decreased significantly in patients with active EoE compared with nonactive EoE patients, allergic patients, and healthy controls. In patients with EoE, an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils in the esophageal biopsy and the percentage of ICAM-1 expression in peripheral blood eosinophils. No differences were observed for the remaining molecules studied.

CONCLUSION

Expression of ICAM-1 in blood eosinophils could be a useful noninvasive marker for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with EoE.

POS0595 ABATACEPT IN USUAL AND IN NON-SPECIFIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. NATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY OF 190 PATIENTS

Background:

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is considered to be more frequent and severe in RA than non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Abatacept (ABA) and Rituximab have demonstrated efficacy in RA-ILD [1-3].

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy of ABA in RA-ILD patients according to radiological patterns of UIP or NSIP.

Methods:

From an observational multicenter study of 263 RA-ILD patients treated with ABA, we selected those with UIP or NSIP [2]. We analyzed in the 2 groups from baseline up to 24 months the following outcomes: a) Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), b) Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO), c) Chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), and d) dyspnea. Differences between final follow-up and basal visit were calculated as the average difference and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the differences between the 2 groups.

Results:

We studied 190 patients with UIP (n=106) and NSIP (n=84). Patients with UIP were older, had more positivity for rheumatoid factor and had received more sulfasalazine (Table 1). ILD duration up to ABA initiation was relatively short in both groups, with a median [IQR] of 16 [4-50] and 11 [2-36] months in UIP and NSIP patterns, respectively. Mean baseline values of FVC and DLCO were > 80% and > 60%, respectively, in the 2 groups, with a lower FVC in UIP (82% vs 89% in NSIP, p<0.05). The evolution of FVC and DLCO is shown in Figure 1. Both parameters remained stable during 24 months of ABA therapy. Available chest HRCT images improved/ stabilized in 73.1% and 72.9% of UIP and NSIP patterns, respectively. With multivariable linear regression analysis, no differences were found in the changes of FVC, DLCO, or HRCT images. Stabilization or improvement of dyspnea was found in 91% and 95% of UIP and NSIP patterns, respectively.

Conclusion:

ABA seems to be equally effective in stabilizing of DLCO, FVC and HRCT in UIP and NSIP in RA-ILD. Our results suggest that an early administration of ABA in ILD, before significant structural lung damage development, may be preferable to prevent interstitial progression, regardless of the radiological pattern.

References:

[1]Fernández-Díaz C, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Aug;48(1):22-27. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.12.012

[2]Fernández-Díaz C, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Dec 1;59(12):3906-3916. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa621

[3]Atienza-Mateo B, et al. J Clin Med. 2020 Sep 23;9(10):3070. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103070

Table 1.

Main general features at baseline.

UIP (n=106)NSIP (n=84)p valueAge, years mean±SD66±1063±100.049Women, n (%)59 (56)49 (58)0.71Smoker ever, n (%)51 (48)45 (54)0.46ILD duration up toABA, months, median [IQR]16 [4-50]11 [2-36]0.57RF100 (94)71 (85)0.041ACPA, n (%)96 (91)75 (89)0.83FVC (% of the predicted), mean±SD82±2189 ±190.025DLCO (% of the predicted), mean±SD63 ±1965 ±160.46ABA monotherapy, n (%)45 (42)41 (49)0.38ABA combined+ MTX // + other cDMARD, n (%)15 (14) // 46 (43)16 (19) // 27 (32)0.17Prednisone at baseline, mg/day, median [IQR]7.5 [5-10]10 [5-10]0.20Previous immunosuppressive therapy, n (%)MTX81 (76)68 (81)0.45Leflunomide48 (45)31 (37)0.25Sulfasalazine16 (15)5 (6)0.046Hydroxychloroquine24 (23)16 (19)0.55Anti-TNF drugs37 (35)30 (36)0.80Rituximab19 (18)15 (18)0.99Tocilizumab12 (11)12 (14)0.54

ABA, abatacept; ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, ILD, Interstitial lung disease; MTX, methotrexate; NSIP, non-specific interstitial pneumonia; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.

Figure 1.

Evolution of pulmonary function tests in RA-ILD patients with UIP and NSIP patterns. FVC and DLCO are expressed as mean (95%CI) and compared between the 2 groups.

Acknowledgements:

the Spanish Collaborative Group of Abatacept in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disclosure of Interests:

Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Brystol Myers Squibb, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, FRANCISCO ORTIZ SANJUAN: None declared, Ivette Casafont-Solé: None declared, Sebastián C Rodriguez-García: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Brystol Myers Squibb

POS0513 ABATACEPT IN MONOTHERAPY VERSUS COMBINED IN INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. MULTICENTER STUDY OF 263 CAUCASIAN PATIENTS

Background:

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of RA. Abatacept (ABA) have demonstrated efficacy in RA-ILD [1,2], although combined treatment with MTX or others DMARDs remain controversial.

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy and safety of ABA in monotherapy (ABAMONO) versus combined-ABA, ABA plus MTX(ABAMTX) or ABA plus other non-MTX DMARDs (ABANON-MTX), in RA-ILD.

Methods:

Observational multicenter study of RA-ILD caucasian patients treated with ABA. We analyzed in three groups (ABAMONO, ABAMTX, ABANON-MTX) the following outcomes: a) Dyspnea, b) FVC and DLCO, c) HRCT, d) DAS28-ESR, e) corticosteroid-sparing effect. Differences between basal and final follow-up were evaluated. Multivariable linear regression was used between the three groups.

Results:

We studied 263 RA-ILD patients (mean age 64.6±10 years) [ABAMONO (n=111), ABAMTX (n=46) and ABANON-MTX (n=106)]. At baseline, ABAMONO patients were older (67±10 years) and took higher prednisone dose (10 [IQR 5-15] mg/day). There was no statistically significant differences in sex, seropositivity, ILD patterns, FVC, DLCO or disease duration. In all groups, most patients experienced stabilization or improvement in FVC, DLCO, dyspnea, HRCT as well as improvement in DAS28-ESR. A statistically significant difference between basal and final follow-up was only found in corticosteroid-sparing effect in ABAMTX or ABANON-MTX(Figure 1). However, in the multivariable analysis, there were no differences in any outcome between the three groups(Table 1).

Table 1.

Effect in FVC, DLCO, dyspnea (mMRC) and HRCT pulmonary scan after abatacept.

ABAMONON=111ABAMTXN=46ABANON-MTXN=106ABAMTXvs ABAMONOABANON-MTXvs ABAMONOpppp*UnadjustedAdjusted**UnadjustedAdjusted**Follow-up, median [IQR] months12 [6-36]12 [6-36]18[12-36]0.400.670.17Differences between basal and final follow-upFVC, %-0.5 (-2.5, 1.5)0.641.2(-0.6, 3.1)0.17-1.2 (-2.9, 0.5)0.170.330.300.390.590.90DLCO, %1.8 (-0.7, 4.34)0.160.5 (-3.8, 4.8)0.82-1.5 (-4.1, 1.1)0.260.200.580.800.070.32mMRC, n (%)Worsening5 (5)3 (8)5 (5)0.830.470.99Stable or improving93 (95)36 (92)87 (95)HRCT pulmonary scan, n (%)Worsening13 (28)2 (11)15 (25)0.240.100.78Stable or improving34 (72)19 (89)44 (75)DAS28-ESR-1.5 (-1.9, -1.0)0.000-1.2 (-1.8, -0.6)0.000-1.5 (-1.8, -1.2)0.0000.740.580.92Prednisone, mg/day-3.8 (-8.3, 0.8)0.10-2.7 (-4.6, -0.8)0.006-4.8 (-6.3, -3.4)0.0000.690.670.65

Differences in DAS28-ESR, prednisone, FVC and DLCO are expressed as mean difference (95%CI) comparing final follow-up minus basal values.

*Differences between the 3 groups.

**Differences between ABAMTX vs. ABAMONO, and between ABANON-MTX vs ABAMONO are adjusted for age, disease duration until abatacept treatment, and DAS28 and prednisone dose at baseline.

Abbreviations(DAS28-ESR: Disease activity score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DLCO: Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity; HRCT: High resolution computed tomography; FVC: Forced vital capacity, mMRC: modified Medical Research Council scale

Figure 1.

Conclusion:

In caucasian individuals with RA-ILD, ABAMONO or ABAMTX or ABANON-MTX seems to be equally effective and safe. However, a corticosteroid-sparing effect is only observed in combined-ABA.

References:

[1]Fernández-Díaz C, et al. Abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease: A national multicenter study of 63 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Aug;48(1):22-27. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.12.012.

[2]Fernández-Díaz C, et al. Abatacept in interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis: national multicenter study of 263 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Dec 1;59(12):3906-3916. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa621.

Acknowledgements:

Spanish Collaborative Group of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated to Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disclosure of Interests:

Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Roche, bristol myers squibb, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuán: None declared, Ivette Casafont-Solé: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, Sebastián C Rodriguez-García: None declared, Iván Ferraz-Amaro: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: bristol myers squibb

POS1371 BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN REFRACTORY NEUROBEHÇET’S DISEASE. MULTICENTER STUDY OF 42 PATIENTS

Background:

Neuro-Behçet’s disease (NBD) is a severe complication of Behcet’s disease (BD). Despite well-established therapies with glucocorticoids and conventional immunosuppressants (cIS), a significant proportion of patients are refractory.

Objectives:

To assess efficacy and safety of biologic therapy (BT) in NBD refractory to glucocorticoids and at least one cIS.

Methods:

Open-label multicenter study of refractory NBD from 23 different referral Spanish Hospitals. Main outcome was neurological response. Secondarily, analytical efficacy was measured by Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Hemoglobin (Hb) at baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Results:

We studied 42 patients (21 women/ 21 men; mean age 40.4±10.8 years). HLA B51 was positive in 15 out of 37 (40.5%) patients tested. Non-neurological manifestations were oral ulcers (n=41, 97.6%), genital ulcers (n=31, 73.8%), skin lesions (n=28, 66.7%), arthralgia (n=27, 64.3%), uveitis (n=21, 50.0%), arthritis (n=9, 21.4%), venous thrombosis (n=9, 21.4%) and arterial thrombosis (n=4, 9.5%). The underlying neurologic manifestation were parenchymal (n=34, 81.0 %) and non-parenchymal (n=17, 40.5%) involvement (Table 1). The first BT used was infliximab (n=20), adalimumab (n=13), golimumab (n=3), tocilizumab (n=3) and etanercept (n=2).

After 58.2±51.4 months since initiation of BT, neurological response was complete (n=27; 64.3%), or partial (n=11, 26.1%) (Figure 1). Only 4 (9.5%) patients did not respond. After 6 months of BT, ESR improved from.31.5±25.6 to 15.3±11.9 mm/h (p=0.005), CRP from 1.4 [0.2-12.8] to 0.3[0.1-3] mg/dL (p= 0.002) and Hb from 13.1±1.6 to 13.8±1.3 g/dL (p=0.005).

Figure 1.

Neurological clinical response to biological therapy.

Primary failure was observed in 16 (38.1%) patients due to inefficacy (n=11, 68.8%) or adverse effects (n=5, 31.3%). Similarly, causes of secondary failure (n=6, 14.3%) were inefficacy (n=5, 83.3%) and adverse effects (n=1, 16.7%). No serious adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion:

BT, especially monoclonal anti-TNF drugs, seems to be effective and safe in refractory NBD.

Table 1.

Neurologic manifestation of 42 patients with refractory neurobehçet's disease treated with biologic therapy.

Parenchymal subtype, n (%)34 (81.0)-Hemiparesis8 (19.1)-Polineuropathy8 (19.1)-Encephalopathy6 (14.3)-Cognitive impairments4 (9.5)-Optic neuropathy4 (9.5)-Ophtalmoparesis4 (9.5)-Other cranial nerve involvement3 (7.1)-Hemihypoesthesia3 (7.1)-Cerebellar dysphasia1 (2.4)-Cerebellar involvement1 (2.4)-Non-steroidal psicosis1 (2.4)Non-parenchymal subtype, n (%)17 (40.5)-Aseptic meningitis12(28.6)-Thrombosis4 (9.5)-Intracranial hypertension1 (2.4)

Disclosure of Interests:

Alba Herrero-Morant: None declared, José Luis Martín-Varillas Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly, Janssen, and Celgene, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Iñigo González-Mazón: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Ana Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Julio Sánchez: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Enrique Raya Speakers bureau: MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Alejandro Olive: None declared, Anahy Brandy-Garcia: None declared, Águeda Prior-Español: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Elvira Diez Alvarez: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Jenaro Graña: None declared, Álvaro Seijas-López: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Angel Ramos Calvo: None declared, Concepción Delgado Beltrán: None declared, Marta Loredo Martínez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Ignacio Torre-Salaberri: None declared, J. Narváez Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Olga Martínez González: None declared, Ricardo Gómez de la Torre: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, Gerard Espinosa: None declared, Miguel Á. González-Gay Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Sanofi, Lilly and MSD, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche

OP0064 TOCILIZUMAB IN CRANIAL AND EXTRACRANIAL REFRACTORY GIANT CELL ARTERITIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY OF 312 CASES

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) may be divided into cranial, and extracranial GCA. Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy and safety in GCA and other large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) (1-5).

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy of TCZ in cranial and extracranial GCA.

Methods:

Multicenter observational study of 312 patients with GCA treated with TCZ. They were divided into 3 groups a) only cranial (cGCA), b) only extracranial (ecGCA), c) mixed affection (mixGCA). GCA was diagnosed by a) ACR criteria, and/or b) positive temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) LVV by imaging. Remission and sustained remission was defined according to EULAR definitions (1). In ecGCA and mixGCA we also studied the improvement (complete or partial) by imaging techniques.

Results:

We studied 312 patients (218 females; mean age, 73.4±9.6 years). TABLE shows the main features of the 3 groups. Remission at month 6 was higher in cGCA, as well as the sustained remission at month12 (FIGURE). At 18 and 24months, were similar in the 3 groups. Improvement by imaging techniques was partial/complete at 6,12,18 and 24 months, in 50%/0%,71%/0%, 61%/15% and 67%/17% respectively, in ecGCA, and in 75%/0%,53%/18%, 64%/12% and 50%/28% in mixGCA.

Table 1.

Main features of 312 patients at TCZ onset.

Cranial GCA(n=152)Extracranial GCA(n=49)Mixed GCA(n=111)Cranial vs Extracranial GCApAge at TCZ onset, years, mean± SD76.0±8.265.4±12.273.5±8.10.000*Sex, female/male, n (% female)105/47 (69)33/16 (67)80/31 (72)0.960Time from diagnosis to TCZ onset (months, median [IQR]6 [2-21]7 [2-20]9 [3-25]0.765Biopsy-proven GCA, n (%)87/128 (68)0 (0)50/87 (57)0.000*Systemic manifestations at TCZ onset109 (72)32 (65)84 (76)0.501Fever, n (%)18 (12)1 (2)8 (7)0.048*Constitutional syndrome, n (%)52 (34)16 (33)47 (42)0.933PmR, n (%)88 (58)29 (59)71 (64)0.999Ischemic manifestations at TCZ onset117 (77)0 (0)70 (63)0.000*Visual involvement, n (%)31 (20)0 (0)16 (14)0.000*Headache, n (%)103 (85)0 (0)63 (57)0.000*Jaw claudication, n (%)39 (26)0 (0)21 (19)0.000*Acute phase reactantsESR, mm/1st hour, median [IQR]28 [9-53]24 [10-43]28 [15-48]0.462CRP, mg/dL, median [IQR]1.2 [0.3-3.4]0.7 [0.4-1.8]1.6 [0.4-3.8]0.153Prednisone dose at TCZ onset, mean ± SD26.2±17.615.4±14.220.1±14.90.000*TCZmono/TCZcombo, n (% TCZ mono)116/36 (76)26/23 (53)69/42 (62)0.003*Follow-up (months), mean ± SD27.3±21.132.7±23.327.9±22.00.143Figure 1.

Remission and sustained remission of cGCA, ecGCA and mixGCA according to EULAR (1). In the first 3 months we only could assess cGCA because in ecGCA and mixGCA a control imaging was not performed

Conclusion:

TCZ seems to be effective in all phenotypes but it is faster in cGCA in reaching remission. However, improvement by imaging techniques was partial and very rarely complete in ecGCA and mixGCA.

References:

[1]Hellmich B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 19-30.

[2]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 317-28.

[3]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:126-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003.

[4]Prieto Peña D et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020 Nov 27. PMID: 33253103.

[5]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2016; 34:S44-53. PMID: 27050507

Disclosure of Interests:

Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Javier Loricera: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Juan Pablo Valdivieso-Achá: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Julio Sánchez: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampín: None declared, Juan Ramón De Dios: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto González: None declared, Eva Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Patricia Moya: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Valvanera Pinillos: None declared, Andrea García-Valle: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Ruth López-González: None declared, Cristina Campos Fernández: None declared, Antonio Juan-Mas: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Iñigo Rua-Figueroa: None declared, María Dolors Boquet: None declared, Antonio García: None declared, Adela Gallego: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche

Cryo-EM and Single-Particle Analysis with Scipion

Cryo-electron microscopy has become one of the most important tools in biological research to reveal the structural information of macromolecules at near-atomic resolution. In single-particle analysis, the vitrified sample is imaged by an electron beam and the detectors at the end of the microscope column produce movies of that sample. These movies contain thousands of images of identical particles in random orientations. The data need to go through an image processing workflow with multiple steps to obtain the final 3D reconstructed volume. The goal of the image processing workflow is to identify the acquisition parameters to be able to reconstruct the specimen under study. Scipion provides all the tools to create this workflow using several image processing packages in an integrative framework, also allowing the traceability of the results. In this article the whole image processing workflow in Scipion is presented and discussed with data coming from a real test case, giving all the details necessary to go from the movies obtained by the microscope to a high resolution final 3D reconstruction. Also, the power of using consensus tools that allow combining methods, and confirming results along every step of the workflow, improving the accuracy of the obtained results, is discussed.

OP0065 TOCILIZUMAB IN VISUAL INVOLVEMENT OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. MULTICENTER STUDY OF 312 PATIENTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background:

Visual involvement is one of the most feared complication of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy and safety in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) including GCA (1-4).

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy of TCZ to: a) prevent the appearance of new ocular involvement, and b) to improve visual symptoms if present.

Methods:

Observational, multicenter study of 312 patients with GCA treated with TCZ. Patients were diagnosed with GCA accordingly to a) ACR criteria, and/or b) biopsy of temporal artery, and/or c) presence of LVV by imaging.

Patients were divided into two subgroups: a) with, and b) without visual involvement at any time. Visual manifestations were classified as: a) Transient visual loss (TVL) (amaurosis fugax), b) Permanent visual loss (PVL) (longer than 24 hours) (partial or complete; unilateral or bilateral), c) diplopia, and d) blurred vision. Accordingly to visual duration up to TCZ onset, we considered: a) 1-10 days, b) 11-30 days, and c) more than 30 days.

Results:

We studied 312 (218 women/94 men; mean age73.4±9.6 years). Visual manifestations at any time (before and/or after TCZ) were observed in 78 (25%). In 47 of them visual manifestations were present at TCZ onset, and in the remaining 31 patients had had a complete recovery. Main clinical features of GCA with and without visual involvement are shown in TABLE. Patients with visual involvement were older, with other ischemic complications, and requiring more corticosteroids dose.

Table 1.

Main features of 312 patients at TCZ onset.

OverallN= 312GCA with visual involvement(n= 78)GCA without visual involvement(n=234)pGeneral featuresAge (mean±SD)73.4±9.676.6±8.072.4±9.80.001*Female/Male(% of female), n218/94 (70)47/31 (60)171/63(73)0.046*Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]8 [3-24]5 [1-14]10 [3-24]0.040*Positive TAB, n (%)137/229 (60)33/60 (55)104/169 (61)0.444Ischemic manifestationsVisual involvement, n (%)47 (15)47 (60)00.000*Headache, n (%)166 (53)59 (76)107 (46)0.000*Jaw claudication60 (19)26 (33)34 (14)0.001*Systemic manifestationsFever, n (%)27 (9)8 (10)19 (8)0.743Constitutional syndrome, n (%)115 (37)30 (38)85 (36)0.878PmR, n (%)188 (60)46 (59)142 (61)0.830Acute phase reactantsESR, mm/1st hour, median [IQR]27 [10-50]34.5 [15.2-58]26.0 [10.0-48.0]0.193CRP (mg/dL), median [IQR]1.4 [0.4-3.3]1.5 [0.3-5.5]1.3 [0.4-2.9]0.134Prednisone dose, mg/day, mean±SD22.3±16.627.1±18.620.8±15.60.008*TCZmono/TCZcombo, n (%)211/10157/21154/800.295Follow-up (months), mean±SD28.4±21.825.8±22.429.3±21.60.119

After TCZ onset, none patient developed new visual involvement. At TCZ onset 47 patients had the following visual manifestations; PVL (n= 28; unilateral/bilateral; 22/6), TVL (n=15; unilateral/bilateral; 9/6), diplopia (n=2) and blurred vision (n=2).

None of the patients with TVL presented new episodes after TCZ onset, while 8 out of 28 patients with PVL experienced partial improvement (FIGURE). The 2 patients with diplopia and 1 of 2 patients with blurred vision improved.

Figure 1.

Efficacy of TCZ in 47 patients with GCA and visual involvement at TCZ onset.

Conclusion:

TCZ seems to prevent the appearance of new ocular manifestations. When they are present, TCZ may improve totally TVL and partially PVL.

References:

[1]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 317-28.

[2]Calderón-Goercke M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019;49:126-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003.

[3]Prieto Peña D et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020 Nov 27. PMID: 33253103.

[4]Loricera J, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2016; 34:S44-53. PMID: 27050507.

Disclosure of Interests:

Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Javier Loricera: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Olga Maiz: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco: None declared, Eztizen Labrador-Sánchez: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija: None declared, Eva Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampín: None declared, Andrea García-Valle: None declared, Cristina Campos Fernández: None declared, Juan Ramón De Dios: None declared, Carlota Laura Iñíguez: None declared, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Julio Sánchez: None declared, Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, UCB Pharma and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche

Self-assembly and regulation of protein cages from pre-organised coiled-coil modules

Coiled-coil protein origami (CCPO) is a modular strategy for the de novo design of polypeptide nanostructures. CCPO folds are defined by the sequential order of concatenated orthogonal coiled-coil (CC) dimer-forming peptides, where a single-chain protein is programmed to fold into a polyhedral cage. Self-assembly of CC-based nanostructures from several chains, similarly as in DNA nanotechnology, could facilitate the design of more complex assemblies and the introduction of functionalities. Here, we show the design of a de novo triangular bipyramid fold comprising 18 CC-forming segments and define the strategy for the two-chain self-assembly of the bipyramidal cage from asymmetric and pseudo-symmetric pre-organised structural modules. In addition, by introducing a protease cleavage site and masking the interfacial CC-forming segments in the two-chain bipyramidal cage, we devise a proteolysis-mediated conformational switch. This strategy could be extended to other modular protein folds, facilitating the construction of dynamic multi-chain CC-based complexes.

Coiled-coil protein origami is a strategy for the de novo design of polypeptide nanostructures based on coiled-coil dimer forming peptides, where a single chain protein folds into a polyhedral cage. Here, the authors design a single-chain triangular bipyramid and also demonstrate that the bipyramid can be self-assembled as a heterodimeric complex, comprising pre-defined subunits.

Algorithmic robustness to preferred orientations in single particle analysis by CryoEM

The presence of preferred orientations in single particle analysis (SPA) by cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryoEM) is currently one of the hurdles preventing many structural analyses from yielding high-resolution structures. Although the existence of preferred orientations is mostly related to the grid preparation, in this technical note, we show that some image processing algorithms used for angular assignment and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction are more robust than others to these detrimental conditions. We exemplify this argument with three different data sets in which the presence of preferred orientations hindered achieving a 3D reconstruction without artifacts or, even worse, a 3D reconstruction could never be achieved.

Continuous flexibility analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike prefusion structures

Using a new consensus-based image-processing approach together with principal component analysis, the flexibility and conformational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike in the prefusion state have been analysed. These studies revealed concerted motions involving the receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain, and subdomains 1 and 2 around the previously characterized 1-RBD-up state, which have been modeled as elastic deformations. It is shown that in this data set there are not well defined, stable spike conformations, but virtually a continuum of states. An ensemble map was obtained with minimum bias, from which the extremes of the change along the direction of maximal variance were modeled by flexible fitting. The results provide a warning of the potential image-processing classification instability of these complicated data sets, which has a direct impact on the interpretability of the results.

Continuous flexibility analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike prefusion structures

With the help of novel processing workflows and algorithms, we have obtained a better understanding of the flexibility and conformational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike in the prefusion state. We have re-analyzed previous cryo-EM data combining 3D clustering approaches with ways to explore a continuous flexibility space based on 3D Principal Component Analysis. These advanced analyses revealed a concerted motion involving the receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD), and subdomain 1 and 2 (SD1 & SD2) around the previously characterized 1-RBD-up state, which have been modeled as elastic deformations. We show that in this dataset there are not well-defined, stable, spike conformations, but virtually a continuum of states moving in a concerted fashion. We obtained an improved resolution ensemble map with minimum bias, from which we model by flexible fitting the extremes of the change along the direction of maximal variance. Moreover, a high-resolution structure of a recently described biochemically stabilized form of the spike is shown to greatly reduce the dynamics observed for the wild-type spike. Our results provide new detailed avenues to potentially restrain the spike dynamics for structure-based drug and vaccine design and at the same time give a warning of the potential image processing classification instability of these complicated datasets, having a direct impact on the interpretability of the results.

Validation of electron microscopy initial models via small angle X-ray scattering curves

MOTIVATION

Cryo electron microscopy (EM) is currently one of the main tools to reveal the structural information of biological macromolecules. The re-construction of three-dimensional (3D) maps is typically carried out following an iterative process that requires an initial estimation of the 3D map to be refined in subsequent steps. Therefore, its determination is key in the quality of the final results, and there are cases in which it is still an open issue in single particle analysis (SPA). Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well-known technique applied to structural biology. It is useful from small nanostructures up to macromolecular ensembles for its ability to obtain low resolution information of the biological sample measuring its X-ray scattering curve. These curves, together with further analysis, are able to yield information on the sizes, shapes and structures of the analyzed particles.

RESULTS

In this paper, we show how the low resolution structural information revealed by SAXS is very useful for the validation of EM initial 3D models in SPA, helping the following refinement process to obtain more accurate 3D structures. For this purpose, we approximate the initial map by pseudo-atoms and predict the SAXS curve expected for this pseudo-atomic structure. The match between the predicted and experimental SAXS curves is considered as a good sign of the correctness of the EM initial map.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

The algorithm is freely available as part of the Scipion 1.2 software at http://scipion.i2pc.es/.

SAT0075 ABATACEPT IN COMBINATION WITH METOTREXATE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATED TO INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE: NATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY OF 263 PATIENTS

Background:

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is an extra-articular complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Conventional disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate (MTX) have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of a pre-existing ILD.

Objectives:

The aim of our study was to check the influence of combined MTX treatment in patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept (ABA).

Methods:

National multicentre retrospective registry of 263 patients with RA-ILD treated with ABA. RA was diagnosed according to the ACR classification criteria of 1987 or by the EULAR/ACR criteria of 2010. ILD was diagnosed by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In this study we have done a subanalysis of the 46 patients treated with ABA in combination with MTX (ABA+MTX) vs. 217 patients treated with ABA in monotherapy or in combination with other synthetic DMARDs. Efficacy was evaluated according to the following parameters: a) Dyspnoea (MMRC) considering variations ≥ 1; b) Lung function test (LFT) considering variations ≥ 10% in FVC and a variation of DLCO ≥ 10%; c) Imaging test (HRCT) d) DAS28 score e) prednisone dose. Variables were collected at the beginning of the study and at months 3, 6, 12 and then every 12 months until a maximum of 60 months.

Results:

263 patients with ILD associated with RA were included in the study with mean age 64.64±10 years. RF or CCPA were positive in 235 (89.4%) and 233 (88.6%) cases, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 22.7±19.7 months. Baseline characteristics of both groups are shown in table 1, while data obtained during evolution of this complication are presented in Figure 1.

Conclusion:

Despite the baseline differences of both groups, the good evolution in the ABA+MTX subgroup suggests that this therapeutic strategy can be a safe combination for patients with RA-ILD.

ABA with MTX (n=46)ABA w/t MTX (n=217)PSex (F/M)28/18122/950.625Age (years)65.11±10.216.2±9.80.202RF/CCPA + (%)91.3/91.389.8/90.10.810Smoking or past smoking (%)47.855.10.417Follow-up (months)22.73±18.0022.3±20.850.916DAS28 at baseline4.08±1.514.61±1.470.056DAS28 at last visit3.00±1.463.13±1.310.642Prednisone at baseline, median (IQR) (mg)5 (5-7.5)7.75 (5-15)0.008*Prednisone at the end of study, median (IQR) (mg)5 (1-5)5 (5-7.5)0.032*DLCO at baseline (%)66.85±19.0465.43±18.210.823DLCO at the end of study (%)66.05±20.9565.17±19.720.831FVC at baseline (%)90.06±17.7785.40±21.560.164FVC at the end of study (%)90.58±15,4584.21±21.490.038*

Disclosure of Interests:

Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Brystol Meyers Squibb, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuán: None declared, A. Juan-Mas: None declared, Carmen Carrasco-Cubero Speakers bureau: Janssen, MSD, AbbVie, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Celgene, S, Rodriguéz-Muguruza: None declared, S. Rodrigez -Garcia: None declared, R. Castellanos-Moreira: None declared, RAQUEL ALMODOVAR Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer.

, CLARA AGUILERA CROS: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco Consultant of: UCB, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Sergi Ordoñez: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, C. Ojeda-Garcia: None declared, Manuel Moreno: None declared, Gemma Bonilla: None declared, I. Hernández-Rodriguez: None declared, Mireia Lopez Corbeto: None declared, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Trinidad Pérez Sandoval: None declared, Alejandra López Robles: None declared, Patricia Carreira Grant/research support from: Actelion, Roche, MSD, Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, VivaCell Biotechnology, Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Speakers bureau: Actelion, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Natalia Mena-Vázquez: None declared, C. Peralta-Ginés: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Luis Marcelino Arboleya Rodríguez: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, DESEADA PALMA SANCHEZ: None declared, Olga Maiz-Alonso: None declared, J. Fernández-Leroy: None declared, I. Cabezas-Rodriguez: None declared, Ivan Castellví Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Kern Pharma, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, A. Ruibal-Escribano: None declared, JR De Dios-Jiménez Aberásturi: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, C. González-Montagut Gómez: None declared, J M Blanco: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, N. Del-Val: None declared, M. Rodíguez-Gómez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, E.C. Cervantes Pérez: None declared, A. Devicente-DelMas: None declared, Blanca Garcia-Magallon Consultant of: MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Celgene, MSD, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, Edilia García-Fernández: None declared, R. López-Sánchez: None declared, S. Castro: None declared, P. Morales-Garrido: None declared, Andrea García-Valle: None declared, Rosa Expósito: None declared, L. Exposito-Perez: None declared, Lorena Pérez Albaladejo: None declared, Ángel García-Aparicio: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD

THU0297 SERIOUS INFECTIONS IN 134 PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS WITH TOCILIZUMAB IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. FREQUENCY, TYPE AND CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS

Background:

Infections are the most common adverse event of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). In GiACTA study(1),serious infections were observed in 7% (9.6/100 patient-years) of patients who received TCZ weekly. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are conducted under highly standardized design excluding some real-world patients. Therefore, adverse events may be underestimated in RCTs. In our series of real-life, serious infections occurred in 11.9% (10.6/100 patient-years)(2).

Objectives:

In a wide series of GCA of clinical practice treated with TCZ, we assess the frequency, type and predisposing factors of serious infections.

Methods:

Multicenter study of 134 patients diagnosed with GCA, all of them refractory to conventional therapy, treated with TCZ. Serious infection was considered when a life-threatening infection, fatal, or requiring hospitalization occurred, intravenous antibiotics were required, or the infectious process led to persistent or significant disability.

Results:

16 of 134 (11.9%, 10.6/100 patient-years) patients developed serious infections during follow-up. The most frequent infections were pneumonia (n=4), urinary tract infection (n=4), and facial herpes zoster (n=2). At TCZ onset, serious infections were more frequent in older patients (74.3±9.6 vs 72.9±8.7 years), with a longer GCA evolution (20 [4.3-45.6] vs 13 [5-29.3] months), with visual manifestations (43.75% vs 17.8%) and a higher dose of prednisone at TCZ onset (30.4±15.5 vs 21.1±16.1 mg/day) (TABLE). Presence of comorbidities were similar in both groups. 13 of the 16 patients who had infections received a dose of prednisone greater than 15 mg/day (16.3/100 patient-years) compared to 3 patients under treatment with less than 15 mg/day of prednisone (4.2/100 patient-years).

Conclusion:

The age, GCA duration, ocular involvement and the dose of glucocorticoids, at TCZ onset, seem to be predisposing factors related to an increased risk of developing serious infections in GCA patients.

References:

[1]Stone JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377:317-28.

[2]Calderón-Goercke M et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019 Aug;49(1): 126-135.

TABLESERIOUS INFECTIONS(n=16)WITHOUT SERIOUS INFECTIONS(n=118)pBASAL FEATURES AT TCZ ONSETGENERAL FEATURES Age, years, mean± SD74.3±9.672.9±8.70.552 Sex, female/male n(%)13/388/300.760 Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]20[4.3-45.6]13[5-29.3]0.604COMORBIDITIES Hypertension, n(%)9(56)86(73)0.551 Diabetes, n(%)3(19)39(33)0.677 Chronic kidney disease, n(%)3(19)27(23)0.512CLINICAL FEATURES OF GCA PMR, n(%)9(56.25)64(54.2)0.879 Aortitis, n(%)5(31.25)53(45)0.301 Visual manifestations, n(%)7(43.75)21(17.8)0.017CORTICOSTEROIDS AT TCZ ONSET Prednisone dose mg/d, mean (SD)30.4±15.521.1±16.10.031

Disclosure of Interests:

Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Elena Becerra-Fernández: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Águeda Prior-Español: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel Grant/research support from: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Consultant of: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Paid instructor for: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi), Speakers bureau: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi), Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro Speakers bureau: Roche, Abbvie, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Menarini, Grunenthal, Gebro, Novartis, Janssen, Ignacio Villa-Blanco Consultant of: UCB, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampín: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Brystol Meyers Squibb, Alejandro Olive: None declared, María Álvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Francisco Navarro: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laqué: None declared, Arantxa Conesa: None declared, Carlos Vázquez: None declared, Jose Andrés Román-Ivorra: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Carmen Torres-Martín: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Novartis, Janssen, Lilly, Nordic Pharma, BMS, Gebro, FAES Farma, Roche, Sanofi, Carmen Ordas-Calvo: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Sáenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernández-Llanio: None declared, Antonio García: None declared, Carmen González-Vela: None declared, Javier García-Fernández: None declared, Patricia Vicente-Gómez: None declared, Ángel García-Manzanares: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuán: None declared, Montserrat Corteguera: None declared, J. Luis Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD

OP0033 OPTIMIZATION OF TOCILIZUMAB THERAPY IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS. A MULTICENTER REAL-LIFE STUDY OF 134 PATIENTS

Background:

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is the only biological agent approved in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). There is general agreement on the initial and the standard maintenance dose of TCZ. However, information on duration and optimization of TCZ in GCA is scarce.

Objectives:

Our aim was to assess efficacy and safety of TCZ therapy optimization in an unselected wide series of GCA in clinical practice.

Methods:

Multicenter study, 134 patients with GCA who received TCZ due to inefficacy/adverse events of previous therapy. Once complete remission was reached and based on a shared decision between patient and physician TCZ was optimized in some cases. Optimization was done by decreasing the dose and/or prolonging the TCZ dosing interval progressively.

Results:

134 GCA patients treated with TCZ (101w/33m); mean age 73.0±8.8 years. TCZ was administered IV to 106 (79.1%) patients and SC to 28 (20.9%). TCZ was optimized in 43 (32.1%) patients. No demographic, clinical manifestations or laboratory data differences had been found at TCZ onset (TABLE). After a follow up of 12 [6-15.5] months, and a complete remission for 6 [3-12] months; the first TCZ optimization was performed. Median prednisone dose at first TCZ optimization was 2.5 [0-5] mg/day. TCZ IV was optimized from 8 to 4 mg/kg/4weeks in 12 of 106 (11.3%) and from 162 mg/SC/week to 162 mg/SC/2weeks in 9 of 28 (32.1%) cases. Five (11.6%) of the 43 optimized cases relapsed. In 4 cases, the relapses were treated increasing TCZ up to the pre-optimization dose, in 1 case the route of administration was change (4 mg/kg/4week to 162 mg/SC/week). In 8 of 43 optimized patients (18.6%), it was possible to withdraw TCZ after complete remission for 30 [16.25-45.75] months. Regarding adverse events and severe infections were similar in both groups. The mean TCZ treatment costs were lower in the optimized group.

Conclusion:

Once remission is reached in GCA patients under TCZ treatment, optimization of TCZ may be performed. Based on our experience it could be performed by reducing the dose with IV TCZ or by prolonging dosing interval with SC TCZ.

References:

[1]Calderón-Goercke M et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019 Aug;49(1): 126-135.

TABLE.OPTIMIZED-TCZ GROUP (n=43)NON-OPTIMIZED TCZ GROUP (n=91)pBASAL FEATURES AT TCZ ONSETGENERAL FEATURESAge, years, mean± SD68.9±8.771.4±8.50.125Sex, female/male n(%)32/1068/240.779Time from GCA diagnosis to TCZ onset (months), median [IQR]19.5[7.75-45]10.5[4 – 25]0.047SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONSFever, n(%)1(2.4)8(8.7)0.176Constitutional syndrome, n(%)11(26.2)19(20.7)0.476PMR, n(%)18(42.9)56(60.9)0.052ISCHEMIC MANIFESTATIONSVisual involvement, n(%)5(11.9)23(25)0.084Headache, n(%)26(61.9)42(45.7)0.081Jaw claudication, n(%)1(2.4)11(12)0.072CORTICOSTEROIDS AT TCZ ONSETPrednisone dose, mg/d mean (SD)15.1±11.125±17.40.001FOLLOW-UP ON TCZ THERAPY (MONTHS), MEDIAN [IQR]24[18-27]6 [3-18]0.000Relapses, n(%)5(11.6)5(5.5)0.207End follow-up remission, n(%)40(93)84(92)0.99Severe side efects, n(%)14(32.6)22(24.2)0.307Seriuos infections, n(%)6(14)10(11)0.878Cost, (mean) euros per yearIVSC7 538.47 329.011 726.411 726.4--

Disclosure of Interests:

Monica Calderón-Goercke: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Clara Moriano: None declared, Elena Becerra-Fernández: None declared, Marcelino Revenga: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, Carles Galisteo: None declared, Águeda Prior-Español: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sara Manrique Arija: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel Grant/research support from: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Consultant of: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Paid instructor for: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi), Speakers bureau: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi), Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Vicente Aldasoro Speakers bureau: Roche, Abbvie, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Menarini, Grunenthal, Gebro, Novartis, Janssen, Ignacio Villa-Blanco Consultant of: UCB, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Catalina Gomez-Arango: None declared, Eva Perez-Pampín: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared, Alejandro Olive: None declared, María Álvarez del Buergo: None declared, Luisa Marena Rojas: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, Francisco Navarro: None declared, Enrique Raya: None declared, Beatriz Arca: None declared, Roser Solans-Laqué: None declared, Arantxa Conesa: None declared, Carlos Vázquez: None declared, Jose Andrés Román-Ivorra: None declared, Pau Lluch: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, Carmen Torres-Martín: None declared, Juan Carlos Nieto Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Novartis, Janssen, Lilly, Nordic Pharma, BMS, Gebro, FAES Farma, Roche, Sanofi, Carmen Ordas-Calvo: None declared, Cristina Luna-Gomez: None declared, Francisco J. Toyos Sáenz de Miera: None declared, Nagore Fernández-Llanio: None declared, Antonio García: None declared, J. Luis Hernández: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD

SAT0035 RESPONSE TO ABATACEPT OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: NATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY OF 263 PATIENTS

Background:

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a severe extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this line, several radiological patterns of RA-ILD have been described: i) usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), ii) nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), iii) obliterating bronchiolitis, iv) organized pneumonia and mixed patterns. Abatacept (ABA) could be an effective and safe option for patients with RA-ILD, although the response in the different radiological patterns is not well defined.

Objectives:

Our aim was to assess the response to ABA in different radiological patterns of ILD.

Methods:

Observational retrospective multicenter study of RA-ILD treated with ABA. ILD was diagnosed by HRCT and classified by radiological patterns in 3 different subgroups of RA-ILD: a) UIP, b) NSIP and c) “other”. ABA was used sc. or iv. at standard dose. We assessed: a) Dyspnoea (MMRC scale; significant variation ≥1); b) Respiratory function tests (significant changes ≥10% in FVC and DLCO); c) HRCT imaging; d) DAS28 e)prednisone dose.

Variables were collected at months 0, 3, 6, 12 months and subsequently every 12 months until a maximum of 60 months.

Results:

We included 263 patients: 106 UIP, 84 NSIP and 73 others (150 women / 113 men), mean age 64.64±10 years. Total patients positive for RF or CCPA were 235 (89.4%) and 233 (88.6%), respectively. In 26 out of 263 patients, the development of ILD was closely related to the administration of sDMARDs (MTX n = 11 and LFN n = 1) or bDMARDs (ETN n = 5, ADA n = 4, CZP n = 2 and IFX n = 3). Patient characteristics are shown in table 1. Figure 1 shows the evolution of the cases with available data after a mean follow-up of 22.7±19.7 months. Mean DLCO and FVC remained stable in the 3 groups without statistically significant changes, and all the groups showed a statistically significant reduction in DAS28 and prednisone dose.

Conclusion:

ABA could be a good choice of treatment in patients with RA-ILD independently of the radiological pattern of ILD.

Disclosure of Interests:

Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Brystol Meyers Squibb, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuán: None declared, A. Juan-Mas: None declared, Carmen Carrasco-Cubero Speakers bureau: Janssen, MSD, AbbVie, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Celgene, S, Rodriguéz-Muguruza: None declared, S. Rodrigez -Garcia: None declared, R. Castellanos-Moreira: None declared, RAQUEL ALMODOVAR Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer.

, CLARA AGUILERA CROS: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco Consultant of: UCB, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Sergi Ordoñez: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, C. Ojeda-Garcia: None declared, Manuel Moreno: None declared, Gemma Bonilla: None declared, I. Hernández-Rodriguez: None declared, Mireia Lopez Corbeto: None declared, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Trinidad Pérez Sandoval: None declared, Alejandra López Robles: None declared, Patricia Carreira Grant/research support from: Actelion, Roche, MSD, Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, VivaCell Biotechnology, Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Speakers bureau: Actelion, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Natalia Mena-Vázquez: None declared, C. Peralta-Ginés: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Luis Marcelino Arboleya Rodríguez: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, DESEADA PALMA SANCHEZ: None declared, Olga Maiz-Alonso: None declared, J. Fernández-Leroy: None declared, I. Cabezas-Rodriguez: None declared, Ivan Castellví Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Kern Pharma, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, A. Ruibal-Escribano: None declared, JR De Dios-Jiménez Aberásturi: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, C. González-Montagut Gómez: None declared, J M Blanco: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, N. Del-Val: None declared, M. Rodíguez-Gómez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, E.C. Cervantes Pérez: None declared, A. Devicente-DelMas: None declared, Blanca Garcia-Magallon Consultant of: MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Celgene, MSD, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, R. López-Sánchez: None declared, Edilia García-Fernández: None declared, S. Castro: None declared, P. Morales-Garrido: None declared, Andrea García-Valle: None declared, Rosa Expósito: None declared, L. Exposito-Perez: None declared, Lorena Pérez Albaladejo: None declared, Ángel García-Aparicio: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD

OP0212 ABATACEPT IN INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. NATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY OF 263 PATIENTS

Background:

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a severe complication of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Several conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) and biologic (b) DMARDs may induce or impaired ILD-RA. Abatacept (ABA) may be useful in ILD-RA (1).

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy and safety of ABA in a large series of ILD-RA for a long-term follow-up.

Methods:

Multicenter open-level study of ILD-RA treated with at least 1 dose of ABA. ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRTC). We study these outcomes: a) 1-point change Modied Medical Research Council (MMRC); b) forced vital capacity (FVC) and/or DLCO improvement or decline ≥10%; c) change in HRCT, d) change in DAS28. e) Prednisone dose. Values were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12 and then every 12 months.

Results:

We studied 263 patients (150 women/113 men) (mean age;64.6±10 years), with ILD-RA. At ABA-onset they were smokers or exsmoker (53.8%), positive APCC (88.6%), median [IQR] duration of ILD of 12 [3-41.25] months, mean DLCO (65.7±18.3) and FVC (85.9±21.8).

The ILD-pattern were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (40.3%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (31.9%) and others (27.8%).

ABA was prescribed at standard subcutaneous (125 mg/w) in 196 (74.5%) or intravenously (10 mg/kg/4 w) in 67 (25.5%); in monotherapy (n=111) or combined with cDMARDs (n=152); especially leflunomide (n=55), MTX (n=46), or antimarials (n=21).

After a mean follow-up of 22.7±19.7 months most outcomes remain stable (Figure). Moreover, DAS28 improved from 4.5±1.5 to 3.1±1.3; prednisone dose reduced from a median 7.5 [5-10] to 5 mg [5-7.5] and retention rate was 76.4%. The main adverse effects were serious infections (n=28), neoplasia (n=3), serious infusion reaction (n=1) and myocardial infarction (n=1).

Conclusion:

ABA seems effective and relatively safe in ILD-RA.

References:

[1]Fernández-Díaz C et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018; 48:22-27

Disclosure of Interests:

Carlos Fernández-Díaz Speakers bureau: Brystol Meyers Squibb, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Rafael Melero: None declared, J. Loricera: None declared, Francisco Ortiz-Sanjuán: None declared, A. Juan-Mas: None declared, Carmen Carrasco-Cubero Speakers bureau: Janssen, MSD, AbbVie, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Celgene, S, Rodriguéz-Muguruza: None declared, S. Rodrigez -Garcia: None declared, R. Castellanos-Moreira: None declared, RAQUEL ALMODOVAR Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer.

CLARA AGUILERA CROS: None declared, Ignacio Villa-Blanco Consultant of: UCB, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Sergi Ordoñez: None declared, Susana Romero-Yuste: None declared, C. Ojeda-Garcia: None declared, Manuel Moreno: None declared, Gemma Bonilla: None declared, I. Hernández-Rodriguez: None declared, Mireia Lopez Corbeto: None declared, José Luis Andréu Sánchez: None declared, Trinidad Pérez Sandoval: None declared, Alejandra López Robles: None declared, Patricia Carreira Grant/research support from: Actelion, Roche, MSD, Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, VivaCell Biotechnology, Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Speakers bureau: Actelion, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Natalia Mena-Vázquez: None declared, C. Peralta-Ginés: None declared, ANA URRUTICOECHEA-ARANA: None declared, Luis Marcelino Arboleya Rodríguez: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, DESEADA PALMA SANCHEZ: None declared, Olga Maiz-Alonso: None declared, J. Fernández-Leroy: None declared, I. Cabezas-Rodriguez: None declared, Ivan Castellví Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Kern Pharma, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, A. Ruibal-Escribano: None declared, JR De Dios-Jiménez Aberásturi: None declared, Paloma Vela-Casasempere: None declared, C. González-Montagut Gómez: None declared, J M Blanco: None declared, Noelia Alvarez-Rivas: None declared, N. Del-Val: None declared, M. Rodíguez-Gómez: None declared, Eva Salgado-Pérez: None declared, Carlos Fernández-López: None declared, E.C. Cervantes Pérez: None declared, A. Devicente-DelMas: None declared, Blanca Garcia-Magallon Consultant of: MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Celgene, MSD, Cristina Hidalgo: None declared, Sabela Fernández: None declared, Edilia García-Fernández: None declared, R. López-Sánchez: None declared, S. Castro: None declared, P. Morales-Garrido: None declared, Andrea García-Valle: None declared, Rosa Expósito: None declared, L. Exposito-Perez: None declared, Lorena Pérez Albaladejo: None declared, Ángel García-Aparicio: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, and MSD

Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic network of membranes. Here, we combine live-cell microscopy with in situ cryo-electron tomography to directly visualize ER dynamics in several secretory cell types including pancreatic β-cells and neurons under near-native conditions. Using these imaging approaches, we identify a novel, mobile form of ER, ribosome-associated vesicles (RAVs), found primarily in the cell periphery, which is conserved across different cell types and species. We show that RAVs exist as distinct, highly dynamic structures separate from the intact ER reticular architecture that interact with mitochondria via direct intermembrane contacts. These findings describe a new ER subcompartment within cells.

Integration of Cryo-EM Model Building Software in Scipion

Advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have made it possible to obtain structures of large biological macromolecules at near-atomic resolution. This "resolution revolution" has encouraged the use and development of modeling tools able to produce high-quality atomic models from cryo-EM density maps. Unfortunately, many practical problems appear when combining different packages in the same processing workflow, which make difficult the use of these tools by non-experts and, therefore, reduce their utility. We present here a major extension of the image processing framework Scipion that provides inter-package integration in the model building area and full tracking of the complete workflow, from image processing to structure validation.

Re-examining the spectra of macromolecules. Current practice of spectral quasi B-factor flattening

The analysis of structure factors in 3D cryo-EM Coulomb potential maps and their "enhancement" at the end of the reconstruction process is a well-established practice, normally referred to as sharpening. The aim is to increase contrast and, in this way, to help tracing the atomic model. The most common way to accomplish this enhancement is by means of the so-called B-factor correction, which applies a global filter to boost high frequencies with some dampening considerations related to noise amplification. The results are maps with a better visual aspect and a quasiflat spectrum at medium and high frequencies. This practice is so widespread that most map depositions in the Electron Microscopy Data Base (EMDB) only contain sharpened maps. Here, the use in cryoEM of global B-factor corrections is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Results clearly illustrate that protein spectra present a falloff. Thus, spectral quasi-flattening may produce protein spectra with distortions when compared with experimental ones, this fact, combined with the practice of reporting only sharpened maps, generates a sub-optimal situation in terms of data preservation, reuse and reproducibility. Now that the field is more advanced, we put forward two suggestions: (1) to use methods which keep more faithfully the original experimental signal properties of macromolecules when "enhancing" the map, and (2) to further stress the need to deposit the original experimental maps without any postprocessing or sharpening, not only the enhanced maps. In the absence of access to these original maps data is lost, preventing their future analysis with new methods.

Measurement of local resolution in electron tomography

Resolution (global and local) is one of the most reported metrics of quality measurement in Single Particle Analysis (SPA). However, in electron tomography, the situation is different and its computation is not straightforward. Typically, resolution estimation is global and, therefore, reduces the assessment of a whole tomogram to a single number. However, it is known that tomogram quality is spatially variant. Still, up to our knowledge, a method to estimate local quality metrics in tomography is lacking. This work introduces MonoTomo, a method developed to estimate locally in a tomogram the highest reliable frequency component, expressed as a form of local resolution. The fundamentals lie in a local analysis of the density map via monogenic signals, which, in analogy to MonoRes, allows for local estimations. Results with experimental data show that the local resolution range that MonoTomo casts agrees with reported resolution values for experimental data sets, with the advantage of providing a local estimation. A range of applications of MonoTomo are suggested for further exploration.

Flexible workflows for on-the-fly electron-microscopy single-particle image processing using Scipion

Electron microscopy of macromolecular structures is an approach that is in increasing demand in the field of structural biology. The automation of image acquisition has greatly increased the potential throughput of electron microscopy. Here, the focus is on the possibilities in Scipion to implement flexible and robust image-processing workflows that allow the electron-microscope operator and the user to monitor the quality of image acquisition, assessing very simple acquisition measures or obtaining a first estimate of the initial volume, or the data resolution and heterogeneity, without any need for programming skills. These workflows can implement intelligent automatic decisions and they can warn the user of possible acquisition failures. These concepts are illustrated by analysis of the well known 2.2 Å resolution β-galactosidase data set.

Automatic local resolution-based sharpening of cryo-EM maps

MOTIVATION

Recent technological advances and computational developments have allowed the reconstruction of Cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) maps at near-atomic resolution. On a typical workflow and once the cryo-EM map has been calculated, a sharpening process is usually performed to enhance map visualization, a step that has proven very important in the key task of structural modeling. However, sharpening approaches, in general, neglects the local quality of the map, which is clearly suboptimal.

RESULTS

Here, a new method for local sharpening of cryo-EM density maps is proposed. The algorithm, named LocalDeblur, is based on a local resolution-guided Wiener restoration approach of the original map. The method is fully automatic and, from the user point of view, virtually parameter-free, without requiring either a starting model or introducing any additional structure factor correction or boosting. Results clearly show a significant impact on map interpretability, greatly helping modeling. In particular, this local sharpening approach is especially suitable for maps that present a broad resolution range, as is often the case for membrane proteins or macromolecules with high flexibility, all of them otherwise very suitable and interesting specimens for cryo-EM. To our knowledge, and leaving out the use of local filters, it represents the first application of local resolution in cryo-EM sharpening.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

The source code (LocalDeblur) can be found at https://github.com/I2PC/xmipp and can be run using Scipion (http://scipion.cnb.csic.es) (release numbers greater than or equal 1.2.1).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Structural basis for cooperativity of human monoclonal antibodies to meningococcal factor H-binding protein

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cooperativity is a phenomenon triggered when mAbs couples promote increased bactericidal killing compared to individual partners. Cooperativity has been deeply investigated among mAbs elicited by factor H-binding protein (fHbp), a Neisseria meningitidis surface-exposed lipoprotein and one of the key antigens included in both serogroup B meningococcus vaccine Bexsero and Trumenba. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of two cooperative mAbs pairs isolated from Bexsero vaccines. The 3D electron microscopy structures of the human mAb-fHbp-mAb cooperative complexes indicate that the angle formed between the antigen binding fragments (fAbs) assume regular angle and that fHbp is able to bind simultaneously and stably the cooperative mAbs pairs and human factor H (fH) in vitro. These findings shed light on molecular basis of the antibody-based mechanism of protection driven by simultaneous recognition of the different epitopes of the fHbp and underline that cooperativity is crucial in vaccine efficacy.

Cryo-Electron Tomography and Proteomics studies of centrosomes from differentiated quiescent thymocytes

We have used cryo Electron Tomography, proteomics and immunolabeling to study centrosomes isolated from the young lamb thymus, an efficient source of quiescent differentiated cells. We compared the proteome of thymocyte centrosomes to data published for KE37 cells, focusing on proteins associated with centriole disengagement and centrosome separation. The data obtained enhances our understanding of the protein system joining the centrioles, a system comprised of a branched network of fibers linked to an apparently amorphous density that was partially characterized here. A number of proteins were localized to the amorphous density by immunolabeling (C-NAP1, cohesin SMC1, condensin SMC4 and NCAPD2), yet not DNA. In conjuction, these data not only extend our understanding of centrosomes but they will help refine the model that focus on the protein system associated with the centriolar junction.

Frozen-hydrated chromatin from metaphase chromosomes has an interdigitated multilayer structure

Cryo-electron tomography and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to investigate the chromatin folding in metaphase chromosomes. The tomographic 3D reconstructions show that frozen-hydrated chromatin emanated from chromosomes is planar and forms multilayered plates. The layer thickness was measured accounting for the contrast transfer function fringes at the plate edges, yielding a width of ~ 7.5 nm, which is compatible with the dimensions of a monolayer of nucleosomes slightly tilted with respect to the layer surface. Individual nucleosomes are visible decorating distorted plates, but typical plates are very dense and nucleosomes are not identifiable as individual units, indicating that they are tightly packed. Two layers in contact are ~ 13 nm thick, which is thinner than the sum of two independent layers, suggesting that nucleosomes in the layers interdigitate. X-ray scattering of whole chromosomes shows a main scattering peak at ~ 6 nm, which can be correlated with the distance between layers and between interdigitating nucleosomes interacting through their faces. These observations support a model where compact chromosomes are composed of many chromatin layers stacked along the chromosome axis.

Survey of the analysis of continuous conformational variability of biological macromolecules by electron microscopy

Single-particle analysis by electron microscopy is a well established technique for analyzing the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. Besides its ability to produce high-resolution structures, it also provides insights into the dynamic behavior of the structures by elucidating their conformational variability. Here, the different image-processing methods currently available to study continuous conformational changes are reviewed.

Using Scipion for stream image processing at Cryo-EM facilities

Three dimensional electron microscopy is becoming a very data-intensive field in which vast amounts of experimental images are acquired at high speed. To manage such large-scale projects, we had previously developed a modular workflow system called Scipion (de la Rosa-Trevín et al., 2016). We present here a major extension of Scipion that allows processing of EM images while the data is being acquired. This approach helps to detect problems at early stages, saves computing time and provides users with a detailed evaluation of the data quality before the acquisition is finished. At present, Scipion has been deployed and is in production mode in seven Cryo-EM facilities throughout the world.

Dynamic kinetochore size regulation promotes microtubule capture and chromosome biorientation in mitosis

Faithful chromosome segregation depends on the ability of sister kinetochores to attach to spindle microtubules. The outer layer of kinetochores transiently expands in early mitosis to form a fibrous corona, and compacts following microtubule capture. Here we show that the dynein adaptor Spindly and the RZZ (ROD-Zwilch-ZW10) complex drive kinetochore expansion in a dynein-independent manner. C-terminal farnesylation and MPS1 kinase activity cause conformational changes of Spindly that promote oligomerization of RZZ-Spindly complexes into a filamentous meshwork in cells and in vitro. Concurrent with kinetochore expansion, Spindly potentiates kinetochore compaction by recruiting dynein via three conserved short linear motifs. Expanded kinetochores unable to compact engage in extensive, long-lived lateral microtubule interactions that persist to metaphase, and result in merotelic attachments and chromosome segregation errors in anaphase. Thus, dynamic kinetochore size regulation in mitosis is coordinated by a single, Spindly-based mechanism that promotes initial microtubule capture and subsequent correct maturation of attachments.

Blind estimation of DED camera gain in Electron Microscopy

The introduction of Direct Electron Detector (DED) videos in the Electron Microscope field has boosted Single Particle Analysis to a point in which it is currently considered to be a key technique in Structural Biology. In this article we introduce an approach to estimate the DED camera gain at each pixel from the movies themselves. This gain is needed to have the set of recorded frames into a coherent gray level range, homogeneous over the whole image. The algorithm does not need any other input than the DED movie itself, being capable of providing an estimate of the camera gain image, helping to identify dead pixels and cases of incorrectly calibrated cameras. We propose the algorithm to be used either to validate the experimentally acquired gain image (for instance, to follow its possible change over time) or to verify that there is no residual gain image after experimentally correcting for the camera gain. We show results for a number of DED camera models currently in use (DE, Falcon II, Falcon 3, and K2).

MonoRes: Automatic and Accurate Estimation of Local Resolution for Electron Microscopy Maps

Since the beginning of electron microscopy, resolution has been a critical parameter. In this article, we propose a fully automatic, accurate method for determining the local resolution of a 3D map (MonoRes). The foundation of this algorithm is an extension of the concept of analytic signal, termed monogenic signal. The map is filtered at different frequencies and the amplitude of the monogenic signal is calculated, after which a criterion is applied to determine the resolution at each voxel. MonoRes is fully automatic without compulsory user parameters, with great accuracy in all tests, and is computationally more rapid than existing methods in the field. In addition, MonoRes offers the option of local filtering of the original map based on the calculated local resolution.