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de Cerqueira CCS, Hünemeier T, Gomez-Valdés J, Ramallo V, Volasko-Krause CD, Barbosa AAL, Vargas-Pinilla P, Dornelles RC, Longo D, Rothhammer F, Bedoya G, Canizales-Quinteros S, Acuña-Alonzo V, Gallo C, Poletti G, González-José R, Salzano FM, Callegari-Jacques SM, Schuler-Faccini L, Ruiz-Linares A, Cátira Bortolini M. Implications of the admixture process in skin color molecular assessment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96886. [PMID: 24809478 PMCID: PMC4014568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the complex genotype-phenotype architecture of human pigmentation has clear implications for the evolutionary history of humans, as well as for medical and forensic practices. Although dozens of genes have previously been associated with human skin color, knowledge about this trait remains incomplete. In particular, studies focusing on populations outside the European-North American axis are rare, and, until now, admixed populations have seldom been considered. The present study was designed to help fill this gap. Our objective was to evaluate possible associations of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located within nine genes, and one pseudogene with the Melanin Index (MI) in two admixed Brazilian populations (Gaucho, N = 352; Baiano, N = 148) with different histories of geographic and ethnic colonization. Of the total sample, four markers were found to be significantly associated with skin color, but only two (SLC24A5 rs1426654, and SLC45A2 rs16891982) were consistently associated with MI in both samples (Gaucho and Baiano). Therefore, only these 2 SNPs should be preliminarily considered to have forensic significance because they consistently showed the association independently of the admixture level of the populations studied. We do not discard that the other two markers (HERC2 rs1129038 and TYR rs1126809) might be also relevant to admixed samples, but additional studies are necessary to confirm the real importance of these markers for skin pigmentation. Finally, our study shows associations of some SNPs with MI in a modern Brazilian admixed sample, with possible applications in forensic genetics. Some classical genetic markers in Euro-North American populations are not associated with MI in our sample. Our results point out the relevance of considering population differences in selecting an appropriate set of SNPs as phenotype predictors in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Gomez-Valdés
- Laboratorio de Antropología Física, Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virgínia Ramallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Vargas-Pinilla
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Danaê Longo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Alegrete, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile and Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Francisco Mauro Salzano
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sídia Maria Callegari-Jacques
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- INAGEMP – Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Souza VSD, Dornelles RC, Coimbra Junior CEA, Santos RV. [History of genetics in Brazil: a view from the Museu da Genética at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul]. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2013; 20:675-694. [PMID: 23903922 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702013000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the context of the creation, as well as the structure and contents, of the Museum of Genetics (Museu da Genética), created in 2011 and located in the Department of Genetics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The materials available at the Museum of Genetics are a rich resource for research on the history of genetics in Brazil (and especially the genetics of human populations) beginning with the second half of the twentieth century. Despite the prominence of the field of genetics in Brazil, little research has been done on this topic.
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Abstract
Lesion of the anteroventral third-ventricle region (AV3VX) reduced saline consumption. Salt loading in AV3VX rats resulted in reduced but not completely abolished c-fos expression in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Intrinsic osmosensitivity of the magnocellular neurons, or input from other brain areas, such as the subfornical and median preoptic nuclei, may account for this residual c-fos expression. These regions showed c-fos expression following salt loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Dornelles RC, Franci CR. Alpha- but not beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of angiotensin II in the medial preoptic area on gonadotropin and prolactin secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 138:583-6. [PMID: 9625373 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1380583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the participation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors on the effect of microinjection of angiotensin II (A II) into the medial preoptic area (MPOA) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) in estrogen-primed ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Microinjection of A II into the MPOA increased plasma LH. This effect was reduced by previous microinjection of an alpha- (phentolamine), but not a beta- (propranolol) adrenergic blocker into the MPOA. Plasma PRL decreased after microinjection of A II into the MPOA, but this effect was unchanged by phentolamine or propranolol. There was no change in plasma FSH in any condition. These results indicate that A II in the MPOA stimulates LH secretion and inhibits PRL secretion in estrogen-primed OVX rats. The effect on secretion of LH, but not of PRL, is mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors in the MPOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Dornelles
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
This study determined the effect of the selective angiotensin II (A II) AT1 receptor subtype antagonist losartan in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of ovariectomized rats, treated with estrogen or untreated, on the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and prolactin (PRL). The MPOA is sensitive to the action of A II and contains cell bodies of neurons producing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and a large density of estradiol receptors. Plasma FSH was not altered in any situation. However, losartan blocked and estradiol facilitated the stimulating and inhibitory effects of A II microinjection into the MPOA on LH and PRL secretion, respectively. The results indicate that these effects are mediated by AT1 receptors in the MPOA and that estradiol may modulate them. On the other hand, losartan itself reduced LH secretion in ovariectomized rats, indicating that the increase in the secretion of this hormone, after removal of the negative feedback caused by estradiol, is due, at least in part, to the action of A II on AT1 receptors of the MPOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Dornelles
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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