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Dione M, Watkins RH, Aimonetti JM, Jourdain R, Ackerley R. Author Correction: Effects of skin moisturization on various aspects of touch showing differences with age and skin site. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9332. [PMID: 38654005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Dione
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Roger Holmes Watkins
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aimonetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Rochelle Ackerley
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France.
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Dione M, Watkins RH, Aimonetti JM, Jourdain R, Ackerley R. Effects of skin moisturization on various aspects of touch showing differences with age and skin site. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17977. [PMID: 37863946 PMCID: PMC10589338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is encompassed by a thin layer of tissue, the skin, which is heterogenous and highly specialized to protect the body and encode interactions with the external world. There is a fundamental scientific drive to understand its function, coupled with the need to preserve skin as we age, which impacts on our physiological and psychological well-being. In the present study, we aimed to define differences in touch perception between age groups and with skin cream application. We investigated touch on the finger, the forearm and cheek in younger (20-28 years, n = 22) and older (65-75 years, n = 22) females. We measured skin hydration, touch detection, finger spatial discrimination, forearm tactile pleasantness together with electrodermal activity, and perceptual ratings about cream use, skin dryness, and cosmetic habits. Glabrous finger skin became drier and touch performance was impaired with age, but these aspects were preserved in hairy skin. Skin moisturization immediately increased hydration levels, but did not significantly change touch perception. We also found that touch appreciation increased with age. We conclude that reduced finger capacity may impact self-evaluation of the skin and that long-term skin care strategies should focus on hydrating the hand to preserve touch capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Dione
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Roger Holmes Watkins
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aimonetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Rochelle Ackerley
- Aix Marseille Univ, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives - UMR 7291), CNRS, Marseille, France.
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Clavaud C, Michelin C, Pourhamidi S, Ziane S, El Rawadi C, Muller B, Souverain L, Panhard S, Jourdain R, Massiot P, Martin R, Isard O, Cabirol F, Drillon D, Breton L, Pouradier F, Aguilar L, Loussouarn G, Gueniche A. Selenium disulfide: a key ingredient to rebalance the scalp microbiome and sebum quality in the management of dandruff. Eur J Dermatol 2023; 33:5-12. [PMID: 37098773 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandruff is a chronic and relapsing scalp condition characterized by flaky scalp. Environmental and host factors (exposome) may alter the sebaceous gland activity, sebum composition, epidermal barrier function, and scalp microbiome balance, resulting in dandruff. Selenium disulfide (SeS2) improves the clinical signs of dandruff. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mode of action of SeS2 shampoo during treatment and relapse phases. MATERIALS & METHODS Two single-center studies assessed dandruff severity, subjective efficacy perception, microbial balance, microbiota diversity and sebum lipids. RESULTS SeS2 significantly (p≤0.01) reduced scaling and led to a significant decrease of Malassezia and Staphylococcus spp. counts in both lesional and non-lesional areas, compared to the vehicle at D28 returning to baseline levels at D56. Cutibacterium spp. levels were not different between the SeS2 and the vehicle treatment groups but had significantly increased with SeS2 (p<0.001) in the lesional zone at D56. The ratio Malassezia spp./Cutibacterium spp. decreased significantly in lesional zones compared to baseline levels, at both D28 and D35 (p<0.001). The total squalene content significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas peroxided squalene had significantly decreased by almost 50% at D31. The ratio triglycerides/free fatty acids significantly (p<0.0001) increased, almost 5-fold, between D0 and D31. SeS2 shampoo was very well tolerated. CONCLUSION SeS2 is beneficial in scalp dandruff, even after treatment interruption. It is well tolerated, rebalances the equilibrium between the main bacterial and fungal populations, and improves sebum quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Ziane
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, St-Ouen, France
| | | | | | - Luc Souverain
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Luc Aguilar
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Vijayaraghavan S, Vedula SK, Bourokba N, Ngo T, Jourdain R, Eilstein J, Choudhury RP, Roy N. Relationship between Scalp Histamine Levels and Dandruff within an Indian Population: A confirmation study using LC/MS/MS method. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:814-818. [PMID: 35143102 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common and challenging complaint associated with type of scalp, skin and population. Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a more severe manifestation of dandruff associated with very severe itching and inflammation. Histamine is an interesting biomarker released in scalp affected by dandruff and SD even though the mechanism is not well understood yet. A monocentre clinical study was conducted to confirm the relationship between dandruff/SD and scalp histamine level in Indian population. Highly sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for histamine quantification in scalp from samples obtained non-invasively. Results showed that scalps with dandruff and mild to moderate SD had higher histamine levels compared to healthy scalps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - TraMy Ngo
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Nita Roy
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, Bangalore, India
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Akerman SC, Hossain S, Shobo A, Zhong Y, Jourdain R, Hancock MA, George K, Breton L, Multhaup G. Neurodegenerative Disease-Related Proteins within the Epidermal Layer of the Human Skin. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:463-478. [PMID: 31006686 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that amyloidogenic proteins might form deposits in non-neuronal tissues in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. However, the detection of these aggregation-prone proteins within the human skin has been controversial. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass spectrometry tissue imaging (MALDI-MSI), fresh frozen human skin samples were analyzed for the expression and localization of neurodegenerative disease-related proteins. While α-synuclein was detected throughout the epidermal layer of the auricular samples (IHC and MALDI-MSI), tau and Aβ34 were also localized to the epidermal layer (IHC). In addition to Aβ peptides of varying length (e.g., Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ34), we also were able to detect inflammatory markers within the same sample sets (e.g., thymosin β-4, psoriasin). While previous literature has described α-synuclein in the nucleus of neurons (e.g., Parkinson's disease), our current detection of α-synuclein in the nucleus of skin cells is novel. Imaging of α-synuclein or tau revealed that their presence was similar between the young and old samples in our present study. Future work may reveal differences relevant for diagnosis between these proteins at the molecular level (e.g., age-dependent post-translational modifications). Our novel detection of Aβ34 in human skin suggests that, just like in the brain, it may represent a stable intermediate of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Can Akerman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeola Shobo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly George
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.,L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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van Zyl LJ, Abrahams Y, Stander EA, Kirby-McCollough B, Jourdain R, Clavaud C, Breton L, Trindade M. Novel phages of healthy skin metaviromes from South Africa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12265. [PMID: 30115980 PMCID: PMC6095929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent skin metagenomic studies have investigated the harbored viral diversity and its possible influence on healthy skin microbial populations, and tried to establish global patterns of skin-phage evolution. However, the detail associated with the phages that potentially play a role in skin health has not been investigated. While skin metagenome and -metavirome studies have indicated that the skin virome is highly site specific and shows marked interpersonal variation, they have not assessed the presence/absence of individual phages. Here, we took a semi-culture independent approach (metaviromic) to better understand the composition of phage communities on skin from South African study participants. Our data set adds over 130 new phage species of the skin to existing databases. We demonstrated that identical phages were present on different individuals and in different body sites, and we conducted a detailed analysis of the structural organization of these phages. We further found that a bacteriophage related to the Staphylococcus capitis phage Stb20 may be a common skin commensal virus potentially regulating its host and its activities on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Joaquim van Zyl
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Yoonus Abrahams
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Kirby-McCollough
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roland Jourdain
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Cécile Clavaud
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Marla Trindade
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chiurchiù V, Rapino C, Talamonti E, Leuti A, Lanuti M, Gueniche A, Jourdain R, Breton L, Maccarrone M. Anandamide Suppresses Proinflammatory T Cell Responses In Vitro through Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor–Mediated mTOR Inhibition in Human Keratinocytes. J I 2016; 197:3545-3553. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cavusoglu N, Delattre C, Donovan M, Bourassa S, Droit A, El Rawadi C, Jourdain R, Bernard D. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics of stratum corneum of dandruff scalp reveals new insights into its aetiology and similarities with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:631-642. [PMID: 27600510 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at detecting differentially expressed proteins in the stratum corneum of dandruff versus non-dandruff scalps to better understand dandruff aetiology. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a total of 68 differentially expressed biomarkers. A detailed analysis of their known physiological functions provided new insights into the affected metabolic pathways of a dandruff scalp. Dandruff scalp showed (1) profound changes in the expression and maturation of structural and epidermal differentiation related proteins, that are responsible for the integrity of the skin, (2) altered relevant factors that regulate skin hydration, and (3) an imbalanced physiological protease-protease inhibitor ratio. Stratum corneum proteins with antimicrobial activity, mainly those derived from sweat and sebaceous glands were also found modified. Comparing our data with those reported for atopic dermatitis revealed that about 50 % of the differentially expressed proteins in the superficial layers of the stratum corneum from dandruff and atopic dermatitis are identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nükhet Cavusoglu
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France.
| | - Caroline Delattre
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - Mark Donovan
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Plate-forme protéomique, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Plate-forme protéomique, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, QC, Canada
| | - Charles El Rawadi
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - Roland Jourdain
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
| | - Dominique Bernard
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France
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9
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Wang L, Clavaud C, Bar-Hen A, Cui M, Gao J, Liu Y, Liu C, Shibagaki N, Guéniche A, Jourdain R, Lan K, Zhang C, Altmeyer R, Breton L. Characterization of the major bacterial-fungal populations colonizing dandruff scalps in Shanghai, China, shows microbial disequilibrium. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:398-400. [PMID: 25739873 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dandruff is a scalp disorder characterized by the formation of flaky white-yellowish scales due to an altered proliferation and differentiation status; a disrupted barrier function; a decrease in the level of hydration and of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the scalp, with a persistent and relapsing inflammatory condition. It was recently reported that an imbalance between bacterial and fungal species colonizing the scalp of French volunteers was associated with dandruff condition. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the major bacterial and fungal species present on the scalp surface of Chinese volunteers and to investigate possible region-related variation in the microbiota linked to dandruff condition. The data obtained from the Chinese populations were highly similar to those obtained in France, confirming that dandruff scalps are associated with a higher incidence of Malassezia restricta and Staphylococcal sp. The ratios of Malassezia to Propionibacterium and Propionibacterium to Staphylococcus were also significantly higher in the dandruff volunteers as compared to normal volunteers, suggesting that equilibrium between the major bacterial and fungal taxa found on the normal scalps is perturbed in the dandruff scalps. The main difference between the French and Shanghai subjects was in their Staphylococcal biota. The results obtained in China and in France suggest that targeting one particular Malassezia sp. by antifungals instead of using large spectrum antifungals and rebalancing the dandruff scalp microbiota could be common approach to improve dandruff condition in the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Perez Perez GI, Gao Z, Jourdain R, Ramirez J, Gany F, Clavaud C, Demaude J, Breton L, Blaser MJ. Body Site Is a More Determinant Factor than Human Population Diversity in the Healthy Skin Microbiome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151990. [PMID: 27088867 PMCID: PMC4835103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied skin microbiota present in three skin sites (forearm, axilla, scalp) in men from six ethnic groups living in New York City. Methods. Samples were obtained at baseline and after four days following use of neutral soap and stopping regular hygiene products, including shampoos and deodorants. DNA was extracted using the MoBio Power Lyzer kit and 16S rRNA gene sequences determined on the IIlumina MiSeq platform, using QIIME for analysis. Results. Our analysis confirmed skin swabbing as a useful method for sampling different areas of the skin because DNA concentrations and number of sequences obtained across subject libraries were similar. We confirmed that skin location was the main factor determining the composition of bacterial communities. Alpha diversity, expressed as number of species observed, was greater in arm than on scalp or axilla in all studied groups. We observed an unexpected increase in α-diversity on arm, with similar tendency on scalp, in the South Asian group after subjects stopped using their regular shampoos and deodorants. Significant differences at phylum and genus levels were observed between subjects of the different ethnic origins at all skin sites. Conclusions. We conclude that ethnicity and particular soap and shampoo practices are secondary factors compared to the ecological zone of the human body in determining cutaneous microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo I. Perez Perez
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Julia Ramirez
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Francesca Gany
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Cecile Clavaud
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Julien Demaude
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lionel Breton
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York Harbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Jourdain R, Moga A, Vingler P, El Rawadi C, Pouradier F, Souverain L, Bastien P, Amalric N, Breton L. Exploration of scalp surface lipids reveals squalene peroxide as a potential actor in dandruff condition. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:153-63. [PMID: 26842231 PMCID: PMC4796319 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common but complex disorder with three major contributing factors: (1) individual predisposition, (2) scalp sebum and (3) Malassezia yeast colonization. To obtain further insights into the role of sebum in dandruff biogenesis, we analyzed scalp lipid species in a cohort of ten dandruff-free (control) and ten dandruff-afflicted volunteers by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Lipid peroxidation levels and biochemical markers of oxidative stress were also assessed. Squalene, a major sebum component, was significantly more peroxidized in dandruff-affected scalps, resulting in significantly higher ratios of squalene monohydroperoxide (SQOOH)/squalene. This was observed when comparing dandruff-affected zones of dandruff subjects to both their non-affected zones and control subjects. In addition, other biomarkers such as malondialdehyde indicated that oxidative stress levels were raised on dandruff scalps. Surprisingly, differences regarding either free or bound fatty acids were fairly rare and minor. Certain novel findings, especially squalene peroxidation levels, were then confirmed in a validation cohort of 24 dandruff-affected subjects, by comparing dandruff-affected and non-dandruff zones from the same individuals. As SQOOH can induce both keratinocyte inflammatory responses and hyperproliferation in vitro, we hypothesized that increased SQOOH could be considered as a new etiological dandruff factor via its ability to impair scalp barrier function. Our results also indicated that Malassezia could be a major source of squalene peroxidation on the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Souverain
- L'OREAL Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | | | - Lionel Breton
- L'OREAL Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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12
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Stalhberger T, Simenel C, Clavaud C, Eijsink VGH, Jourdain R, Delepierre M, Latgé JP, Breton L, Fontaine T. Chemical organization of the cell wall polysaccharide core of Malassezia restricta. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12647-56. [PMID: 24627479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.547034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia species are ubiquitous residents of human skin and are associated with several diseases such as seborrheic dermatitis, tinea versicolor, folliculitis, atopic dermatitis, and scalp conditions such as dandruff. Host-Malassezia interactions and mechanisms to evade local immune responses remain largely unknown. Malassezia restricta is one of the most predominant yeasts of the healthy human skin, its cell wall has been investigated in this paper. Polysaccharides in the M. restricta cell wall are almost exclusively alkali-insoluble, showing that they play an essential role in the organization and rigidity of the M. restricta cell wall. Fractionation of cell wall polymers and carbohydrate analyses showed that the polysaccharide core of the cell wall of M. restricta contained an average of 5% chitin, 20% chitosan, 5% β-(1,3)-glucan, and 70% β-(1,6)-glucan. In contrast to other yeasts, chitin and chitosan are relatively abundant, and β-(1,3)-glucans constitute a minor cell wall component. The most abundant polymer is β-(1,6)-glucans, which are large molecules composed of a linear β-(1,6)-glucan chains with β-(1,3)-glucosyl side chain with an average of 1 branch point every 3.8 glucose unit. Both β-glucans are cross-linked, forming a huge alkali-insoluble complex with chitin and chitosan polymers. Data presented here show that M. restricta has a polysaccharide organization very different of all fungal species analyzed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stalhberger
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex, France
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Clavaud C, Jourdain R, Bar-Hen A, Tichit M, Bouchier C, Pouradier F, El Rawadi C, Guillot J, Ménard-Szczebara F, Breton L, Latgé JP, Mouyna I. Dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58203. [PMID: 23483996 PMCID: PMC3590157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and fungal communities associated with dandruff were investigated using culture-independent methodologies in the French subjects. The major bacterial and fungal species inhabiting the scalp subject’s were identified by cloning and sequencing of the conserved ribosomal unit regions (16S for bacterial and 28S-ITS for fungal) and were further quantified by quantitative PCR. The two main bacterial species found on the scalp surface were Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while Malassezia restricta was the main fungal inhabitant. Dandruff was correlated with a higher incidence of M. restricta and S. epidermidis and a lower incidence of P. acnes compared to the control population (p<0.05). These results suggested for the first time using molecular methods, that dandruff is linked to the balance between bacteria and fungi of the host scalp surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Jourdain
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Avner Bar-Hen
- MAP5, UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Magali Tichit
- PF1, Plateforme génomique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Pouradier
- International General Direction of Hair Metiers, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Saint-Ouen, France
| | - Charles El Rawadi
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Jacques Guillot
- UMR BIPAR, Ecopham, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA),Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Lionel Breton
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JPL); (IM)
| | - Isabelle Mouyna
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JPL); (IM)
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Pucci M, Pasquariello N, Battista N, Di Tommaso M, Rapino C, Fezza F, Zuccolo M, Jourdain R, Finazzi Agrò A, Breton L, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoids stimulate human melanogenesis via type-1 cannabinoid receptor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15466-78. [PMID: 22431736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that a fully functional endocannabinoid system is present in primary human melanocytes (normal human epidermal melanocyte cells), including anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the respective target receptors (CB(1), CB(2), and TRPV1), and their metabolic enzymes. We also show that at higher concentrations AEA induces normal human epidermal melanocyte apoptosis (∼3-fold over controls at 5 μM) through a TRPV1-mediated pathway that increases DNA fragmentation and p53 expression. However, at lower concentrations, AEA and other CB(1)-binding endocannabinoids dose-dependently stimulate melanin synthesis and enhance tyrosinase gene expression and activity (∼3- and ∼2-fold over controls at 1 μM). This CB(1)-dependent activity was fully abolished by the selective CB(1) antagonist SR141716 or by RNA interference of the receptor. CB(1) signaling engaged p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which in turn activated the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Silencing of tyrosinase or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor further demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in AEA-induced melanogenesis. In addition, CB(1) activation did not engage the key regulator of skin pigmentation, cyclic AMP, showing a major difference compared with the regulation of melanogenesis by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone through melanocortin 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Pucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Jourdain R, Maibach HI, Bastien P, De Lacharrière O, Breton L. Ethnic variations in facial skin neurosensitivity assessed by capsaicin detection thresholds. Contact Dermatitis 2010. [PMID: 20059492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic variations in sensitive skin have not been thoroughly explored and remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To objectively assess ethnic variations in facial skin neurosensitivity through individual detection thresholds of topically applied capsaicin. PATIENTS/METHODS The single-blind, controlled study was performed in 144 women from three ethnicities: Asian, African, and Caucasian. Five solutions with increasing capsaicin concentration were successively applied to one side of nasolabial folds, while the other side simultaneously received the vehicle as control. The test was discontinued when the volunteer reported on the capsaicin side a sensation whatever its nature. Otherwise the experimenter continued the test, using the next solution with higher capsaicin content and so on, until the subject experienced a sensation on the capsaicin side. RESULTS Each ethnic group was divided into six sub-groups according to the level of sensitivity to capsaicin, i.e. from detection of the lowest concentration up to no detection of the highest concentration, 100-fold higher. Asian women tended to have higher capsaicin detection thresholds than Caucasians, but lower thresholds than Africans. Nevertheless, the distribution did not greatly differ between the three ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS The capsaicin skin neurosensitivity test is painless and the changes across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds appear minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jourdain
- L'Oreal Recherche, Centre Charles Zviak, 92583 Clichy cedex, France.
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Jourdain R, Maibach HI, Bastien P, De Lacharrière O, Breton L. Ethnic variations in facial skin neurosensitivity assessed by capsaicin detection thresholds. Contact Dermatitis 2009; 61:325-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Querleux B, Dauchot K, Jourdain R, Bastien P, Bittoun J, Anton JL, Burnod Y, de Lacharrière O. Neural basis of sensitive skin: an fMRI study. Skin Res Technol 2008. [PMID: 18937781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE About 50% of women declare themselves to have sensitive skin. However, sensitive skin still appears to be a questionable problem not corresponding to a specific physiological pattern. To objectivate the neural basis of sensitive skin, we measured cerebral response to cutaneous provocative tests in self-perceived sensitive and non-sensitive skin subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Subjects were divided into two groups according to their self-perceived characterization by using a dedicated questionnaire about their skin reactivity. Event-related fMRI was used to measure cerebral activation associated with skin discomfort induced by a simultaneous split-face application of lactic acid and of its vehicle. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In both groups, skin discomfort due to lactic acid increased activity in the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to application site and in a bilateral fronto-parietal network including parietal cortex, prefrontal areas around the superior frontal sulcus, and the supplementary motor area. However, activity was significantly larger in the sensitive skin group. Most remarkably, in the sensitive skin group only, activity spreaded into the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex and the bilateral peri-insular secondary somatosensory area. Our results demonstrate that, compared with control subjects, self-perceived sensitive skin subjects have a specific cerebral activation during skin irritative test, which allows us to hypothesize that self-perceived sensitive skin is intrinsically linked to a specific neurophysiologic pattern for these subjects. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that fMRI is an effective objective method for measuring cerebral processes underlying skin reactivity and contributes to a better understanding of the neural basis of the sensitive skin phenomenon.
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Querleux B, Dauchot K, Jourdain R, Bastien P, Bittoun J, Anton JL, Burnod Y, de Lacharrière O. Neural basis of sensitive skin: an fMRI study. Skin Res Technol 2008; 14:454-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guéniche A, Hennino A, Goujon C, Dahel K, Bastien P, Martin R, Jourdain R, Breton L. Improvement of atopic dermatitis skin symptoms by Vitreoscilla filiformis bacterial extract. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16:380-4. [PMID: 16935794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The first line treatment of AD relies on the daily use of emollients to restore the skin barrier impairment associated with the disease. Vitreoscilla filiformis (V.f.) is a non photosynthetic bacterium and extracts of V.f. are endowed with properties which balance cutaneous immune-homeostasis. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a 5% V.f. extract-containing ointment on mild to moderate AD in a randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. Thirteen patients applied the treatment and the vehicle on symmetrical AD lesions (left versus right side of the body) twice daily for 4 weeks. The assessment of AD severity was done at each visit (Day 0, Day 14 and Day 28) using the modified eczema area and severity index (mEASI). Treatment with the ointment containing 5% V.f. extract significantly improved the AD skin symptoms. Beneficial effects were observed after two weeks of treatment and increased thereafter. These results suggest that V.f. extract could be favourably added to AD skin care emollients formulated for AD.
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Jourdain R, Bastien P, De Lacharrie ‘ Re O, Rubinstenn G. Detection thresholds of capsaicin: a new test to assess facial skin neurosensitivity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00289_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jourdain R, Bastien P, de Lacharrière O, Rubinstenn G. Detection thresholds of capsaicin: a new test to assess facial skin neurosensitivity. J Cosmet Sci 2005; 56:153-66. [PMID: 16116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy/reliability of a new test designed to measure cutaneous neurosensitivity. The test was carried out on a random population of 150 healthy adult women and was based on the determination of individual detection thresholds of topically applied capsaicin. Five capsaicin concentrations were used in 10% ethanol aqueous solution (3.16 x 10(-5)%; 1 x 10(-4)%; 3.16 x 10(-4)%; 1 x 10(-3)%; 3.16 x 10(-3)%). The methodology used to attain the detection threshold was capsaicin application in increasing concentration on the nasolabial folds. The vehicle was simultaneously applied following a split-face, single-blind plan. The test was stopped as soon as the subject reported a specific sensation lasting more than 30 seconds on the capsaicin side. The safety of the test was judged as excellent by the panelists since all the reported sensations were considered as slightly or moderately perceptible. The test allowed the classification of the test population according to six threshold levels corresponding to the sensitive reaction to one of the five capsaicin concentrations and to the absence of sensitivity to the highest concentration. Surprisingly, the distribution of the population was not unimodal and seemed to reveal the existence of two different sub-groups: individuals with a low capsaicin detection threshold and those with a high threshold. These two sub-populations strongly differed in their respective self-perception of sensitive skin. The higher the self-declared sensitive skin incidence was, the lower the detection threshold was. This new test of skin neurosensitivity is easy, quick, and truly painless. It appears to be a promising tool for the cosmetic diagnosis of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jourdain
- L'Oréal Recherche, 90 Rue du Général Roguet, 92583 Clichy, France
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Abstract
To examine possible ethnic variations in perception of sensitive skin, an epidemiological survey was performed in the San Francisco area. Approximately 800 telephone interviews were conducted with women from four different ethnic groups (Afro-Americans, Asians, Euro-Americans, Hispanics; approximately 200 women per group). In addition to sensitive facial skin assessments, age and other general skin condition data were collected. 52% of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive facial skin. There was no statistical difference between the ethnic groups in terms of sensitive skin prevalence. Nevertheless, some differences were noted between ethnic subgroups of sensitive skin. Euro-Americans were characterized by a higher skin reactivity to wind and tended to be less reactive to cosmetics. Afro-Americans presented diminished skin reactivity to most environmental factors and a lower frequency of recurring facial redness. Asians appeared to have greater skin reactivity to spicy food, to sudden changes in temperature and to wind, and tended to suffer from itching more frequently. Hispanics presented a lower incidence of skin reactivity to alcohol. The differences in skin sensitivity between ethnic groups concerned mostly factors of skin reactivity and, to a lesser extent, its symptomatology. But, taken together, we note the similarities in comparing how women of varying ethnic backgrounds perceive the sensitive skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jourdain
- L'Oreal Recherche, Centre Charles Zviak, Clichy, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing awareness that some individuals exhibit heightened skin sensitivity, particularly on the face, and have a high incidence of adverse reactions to cosmetics and toiletries. OBJECTIVES To carry out an epidemiological study to assess the prevalence of sensitive skin and cosmetic-related adverse events in a U.K. population, and to examine possible factors that may be associated with sensitive skin. METHODS Self-assessment questionnaires were sent out to 3300 women and 500 men, randomly selected, who were over the age of 18 years and lived within a 10-mile radius of High Wycombe (Bucks.). Fifty non-responder women were also questioned by telephone to ensure that the postal responders were representative of the population as a whole. RESULTS The response rates were 62% for women and 52% for men, with the incidence of self-reported skin sensitivity being 51.4% and 38.2%, respectively. Ten per cent of women and 5.8% of men described themselves as having very sensitive skin. Fifty-seven per cent of women and 31.4% of men had experienced an adverse reaction to a personal product at some stage in their lives, with 23% of women and 13.8% of men having had a problem in the last 12 months. Among the women, symptoms of cosmetic-induced subjective sensory skin discomfort (burning, stinging, itching etc.) occurred more commonly in the sensitive skin cohort (53%) than in those who regarded themselves as non-sensitive (17%). An atopic diathesis in women did not appear to be a predictive factor for sensitive skin, the incidence of self-perceived sensitive skin being equivalent for atopics (49%) and non-atopics (51%). Furthermore, some 34% of atopic women described themselves as being non-sensitive. Nevertheless, the incidence of atopy was higher among the women in the sensitive skin group (49%) than among those in the non-sensitive group (27%). Dry skin and a predilection for blushing/flushing were associated factors for sensitive skin. CONCLUSIONS Our survey indicates that sensitive facial skin is a common problem for women and men in the U.K. and points to the need for the development of personal products designed for this skin phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Willis
- Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Amersham, Bucks HP7 0JD, UK.
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Husson JL, Marquer Y, Jourdain R, Rebaud C, Blouet JM, Masse A, Duval JM. Anatomical relationship between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the occurrence of a dystrophic bony lacuna. Anat Clin 1984; 6:37-43. [PMID: 6732966 DOI: 10.1007/bf01811212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A bony lesion with identical radiological features was seen in the medial part of the distal femoral metaphysis in five patients who practised cross-country motorcycling. These findings suggested that the cause of the lesions was of muscular origin. The nature and physiopathogenesis of the lesions were studied by roentgenography, computerized tomography and analysis of anatomical specimens. The results of these procedures were compared to observations made peroperatively. The lesion was identified as a specific, dystrophic bony lacuna resulting from the action of the medial head of the gastrocnemius (caput mediale m. gastrocnemii). In certain conditions this powerful biarticular muscle induces multiple microtrauma via traction on the structures of its tendinous insertion, especially the underlying bone, thus leading to bony avulsion. It is shown in this study that the bone-tendon-muscle complex forms a veritable biomechanical unit.
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Blouet JM, Rebaud C, Marquer Y, Duval JM, Husson JL, Jourdain R, Masse A. Anatomy of the tarsometatarsal joint and its applications to dislocation of this articular interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01798868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Blouet JM, Rebaud C, Marquer Y, Duval JM, Husson JL, Jourdain R, Masse A. Anatomie des ligaments de l'articulation de Lisfranc Applications aux luxations de cet interligne. Surg Radiol Anat 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01798878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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