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Impact of weight management nutrition interventions on dietary outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review with meta‐analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:147-177. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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p53 loss does not permit escape from Braf V600E-induced senescence in a mouse model of lung cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:6325-6335. [PMID: 28745322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer arises through the acquisition of a number of genetic lesions, with a preponderance of activating mutations in the canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade (RTK-RAS-RAF-MEK). BrafV600E expression induces benign lung adenomas that fail to progress to adenocarcinoma because of oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). BrafV600E expression, coupled with simultaneous p53 ablation, permits bypass of senescence and progression to lung adenocarcinoma. However, spontaneous human tumors sustain mutations in a temporally separated manner. Here, we use a mouse lung cancer model where oncogene activation (BrafV600E expression) and tumor suppressor loss (p53 ablation) are independently controlled through the actions of Flp and Cre recombinase, respectively. We show that p53 loss before OIS is permissive for the transition from lung adenoma to adenocarcinoma. In contrast, p53 loss after senescence is established fails to enable escape from senescence and disease progression. This study demonstrates that BrafV600E induced senescence is irreversible in vivo and suggests that therapy-induced senescence would halt further tumor progression.
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The case for fencing remains intact. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1414, e4. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Optimum macronutrient content of the diet for adolescents with pre-diabetes: RESIST—A Randomised Control Trial (ACTRN12608000416392). Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Structured meal plan and eating behaviours in obese adolescents with insulin resistance: RESIST Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescence: A retrospective review. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fitness and functionality in obese adolescents after 12 weeks of training: RESIST Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arbitration cancers: analysis from two screening rounds for the Coventry, Solihull and Warwickshire screening service. Breast Cancer Res 2011. [PMCID: PMC3238249 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Changes in ER beta versus ER alpha in short-term studies of antiestrogen therapies. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #5113
Background: Fulvestrant (Faslodex™) is a novel estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with no agonist effects used in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Compared with other antiestrogen therapies, fulvestrant has a distinct and different mode of action; on binding to the ER it induces a rapid and dose-dependent degradation of ER alpha and concomitant decreases in progesterone receptor (PgR) levels and Ki67 labeling index (LI). The action of fulvestrant on ER beta is unknown and has been investigated in relation to other biomarkers in this study.
 Methods: This randomized, multicenter study included postmenopausal patients with previously untreated breast tumors (stage T1-T3) that were either ER+ or ER unknown. Patients were randomized to receive a single intramuscular dose of fulvestrant (50 mg [n=39], 125 mg [n=38], or 250 mg [n=44]), continuous daily tamoxifen (Nolvadex™) (20 mg/day [n=36]), or matching tamoxifen placebo (n=33) for 14–21 days prior to surgery. The effects of antiestrogen therapy on ER beta 1 and ER beta 2 levels and the relationship between these effects and changes in ER alpha, PgR and Ki67 LI were investigated. Effects on ER (alpha and beta) and PgR were determined by immunohistochemistry and expressed as mean percentage change from baseline H-score. Ki67 LI was determined as described previously1 and was expressed as median percentage change from baseline.
 Results: There was no overall treatment effect following placebo or antiestrogen therapy on ER beta 1 H-score (p=0.8537) or ER beta 2 H-score (p=0.5494). There were no significant differences between the individual fulvestrant dose groups, tamoxifen and placebo for mean changes in either ER beta 1 (50 mg: +34.8%, 125 mg: +42.8%, 250 mg: +15.5%; tamoxifen: +29.8%; placebo: +29.7%) or ER beta 2 (50 mg: +87.9%, 125 mg: +82.9%, 250 mg: +97.4%; tamoxifen: +98.1%; placebo: +64.2%). No correlations were observed between changes in ER beta 1 and changes in ER beta 2, nor between either ER beta 1 or 2 and ER alpha, PgR or Ki67 LI.
 Conclusion: Changes in ER beta did not correlate with fulvestrant dose (50 mg, 125 mg, or 250 mg) or other variables that have previously been shown to be related to fulvestrant activity. This study does not support the investigation of ER beta 1 or 2 as markers of the biological activity of fulvestrant high dose (500 mg/month) in ongoing trials such as FIRST and CONFIRM.
 1Robertson et al. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6739-6746.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5113.
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352 Family and neighborhood environments and adolescents’ objectively assessed physical activity: the Nepean Cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Availability of nest hollows and breeding population size of eclectus parrots, Eclectus roratus, on Cape York Peninsula, Australia. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/wr03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of the Australian mainland endemic subspecies of the eclectus parrot, Eclectus roratus macgillivrayi, is currently confined to the lowland rainforests of the Iron–McIlwraith Ranges of eastern Cape York Peninsula. Females breed in large hollows in emergent rainforest trees that are readily visible from above. Aerial surveys were used to sample 58% of the rainforest (454 km2) of the Iron Range region to estimate the density of these nest trees. Corrections for overcounting bias (not all observed emergent trees were active nest trees) and undercounting bias (not all active nest trees were visible from the air) were made by ground-truthing over 70 trees. The tree count data were treated in two different ways, producing estimates of 417 (s.e. = 25) and 462 (s.e. = 31) nest trees for the Iron Range region. Long-term observational data on the number of eclectus parrots associated with each nest tree were used to estimate the population size of eclectus parrots at Iron Range: 538–596 breeding females, and 1059–1173 males. These results have three implications. First, this relatively low population estimate suggests that the Australian subspecies of eclectus parrots should be considered vulnerable to habitat loss or perturbation, especially in light of their complex social system, male-biased adult sex ratio, low breeding success and high variance in reproductive success among females. Second, the low density of nest trees suggests that eclectus parrots are absent from the rainforests of Lockerbie Scrub and the Jardine dunefields because these areas are too small. Finally, if eclectus parrots persisted in the Iron–McIlwraith region during the rainforest contractions of Pleistocene glacial maxima (e.g. 14 000–17 000 years ago), the refugium in this region must have been fairly substantial in order to support a viable population – probably larger than previously assumed.
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Clinical aspects of the overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 2003:65-71. [PMID: 12475020 DOI: 10.1080/003655902320765999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overactive bladder is a widespread medical condition with significant quality of life and financial impact. Despite this much remains unknown about the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this condition. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge base and the recent terminology changes approved by the international continence society. METHODS Critical review of the literature regarding aetiology, epidemiology, urodynamic and clinical aspects of detrusor overactivity. Explanation of the recently adopted terminology. RESULTS The term "overactive bladder" has replaced the term "unstable bladder", which held no intuitive meaning. "Detrusor overactivity" is the corresponding urodynamic term, replacing "detrusor instability" and "detrusor hyperreflexia". Knowledge regarding the epidemiology of the overactive bladder is limited. The myogenic and neurogenic theories of pathophysiology require further evidence. CONCLUSION Massive research efforts are required into all aspects of this common chronic disease. The adoption of new ICS terminology will aid consistency in research.
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Evidence-Based Follow-up after Varicose Vein Surgery. Phlebology 2001. [DOI: 10.1177/026835550101600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the optimum timing and need for outpatient follow-up of patients after varicose vein operations. Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients undergoing varicose vein operations were enrolled. Patients completed linear analogue scales to record pain, bruising and swelling on postoperative days 1 to 10, 12, 14, 21 and 28. Return to daily activities, visits to the general practitioner (GP) and outpatient review at 6 weeks were recorded. Results: Maximum scores were on day 2 for swelling, day 4 for bruising, and days 1 and 6 for pain. Median time to return to work was 14 days (range 1-42 days). During the postoperative period 29 patients visited their GP, 24 (83%) within 2 weeks of operation. Median length of outpatient consultation at 6 weeks was 5 min. Although 57 patients found the appointment reassuring, none required further treatment. Conclusions: Outpatient follow-up after varicose vein operations cannot be justified on clinical grounds. The majority of patients who have postoperative problems develop them within the first 2 weeks, coinciding with the peaks of pain, swelling and bruising, and these problems can be dealt with in the community.
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Managing benign prostatic hyperplasia. THE PRACTITIONER 2001; 245:830-2, 834, 836 passim. [PMID: 11677898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Effects of gender, body composition and birth size on IGF-I in 7- and 8-year-old children. HORMONE RESEARCH 2000; 52:221-9. [PMID: 10844411 DOI: 10.1159/000023465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between IGF-I, gender, height, weight, body composition and birth size in 260 healthy 7- and 8-year-old children (139 females). All children were born term at Nepean Hospital, Western Sydney. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. IGF-I levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Girls had higher IGF-I levels than boys (20.2 +/- 6.5 nmol/l compared to 15.9 +/- 6.1 nmol/l, p < 0.001) but there was no correlation between age and IGF-I. IGF-I was positively correlated with height SDS (R(2) = 0.12), weight SDS (R(2) = 0.19), BMI SDS (R(2) = 0.18), total body fat (%) (R(2) = 0.14), and fat-free tissue/cm (R(2) = 0.03). After adjusting for gender and current weight, IGF-I-levels were inversely related to birth size - children with the lowest birth size and heaviest current weight had the highest IGF-I levels. This correlation between birth weight and IGF-I supports the hypothesis that the IGF-I axis is altered in babies who are small for gestational age.
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No association was found between collagen alphaI type 1 gene and bone density in prepubertal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:4293-4. [PMID: 10566692 DOI: 10.1210/jc.84.11.4293-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), collagen alpha I type I (Col I alpha I), and oestrogen receptor (ER) genes have been shown to account for some of the heritability of bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. This study examined this relation in prepubertal children. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The relation between genotypes of VDR gene (Taq I, Bsm I, Fok I), Col I alpha I gene (Msc I), and ER gene (Pvu II) with areal BMD, volumetric BMD, and growth were examined in 114 (68 girls) healthy 7 year old, white children. RESULTS The genotype of the VDR gene (Taq I) correlated with lumbar spine (L1-4) volumetric BMD in girls only, but at no other bone sites. In girls, VDR genotype affected areal BMD at all sites. After adjusting for height and weight, however, this effect was explained completely by the independent effect of the VDR genotype on growth. Girls with genotype TT, were 3.9 kg heavier and 4.1 cm taller than those with tt, but this relation was not present at birth. No relation was found between genotypes of the VDR gene (Fok I), Col I alpha I gene (Msc I), or ER gene (Pvu II) and BMD or growth variables. CONCLUSIONS In prepubertal girls, VDR alleles contribute to lumbar spine volumetric BMD variance, but the areal BMD effect reflects the relation between areal BMD and growth. VDR alleles might affect postnatal growth regulation.
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe and explain variation among general practices in the uptake of screening for breast cancer. DESIGN Analysis of the variation in uptake of screening by general practice. Uptake rates are calculated and related to a social deprivation score created for each practice, and to the presence of at least one female general practitioner. SETTING South Lancashire Health Authority, England. PATIENTS All women aged 50-64 y registered with Lancashire Family Health Services Authority and resident in South Lancashire in 1988-1995. MAIN RESULTS Variation in the uptake of screening for breast cancer during Round 1 of the national programme is explained partly by a deprivation score for each practice and by the presence of at least one female general practitioner. In Round 2 the deprivation index continues to explain variation, but the effect of a female GP has diminished. The number of hours worked by practice nurses has no effect on uptake of breast screening. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the uptake of breast cancer screening is closely related to social deprivation. Results suggest that the presence of a female general practitioner has a beneficial effect on uptake.
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Abstract
Assays in brain tissues from humans suffering from narcolepsy, and from genetically narcoleptic dogs have suggested that dopamine function may be disturbed in this condition. We have used the specific D2 receptor ligand N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-spiperone and positron tomography to study a group of 6 well-characterized medication-free, HLA-DR2 DRW15 DW6-positive narcoleptic patients and a group of age- and sex-matched control individuals during life. We found no difference in striatal D2 receptor binding between these two groups. These results suggest that narcolepsy is not associated with alterations in D2 receptor density and affinity.
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Orientational ordering in the nematic phase of a thermotropic liquid crystal: A small angle neutron scattering study. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Digestion, assimilation and metabolism of captive estuarine crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 90:23-9. [PMID: 2900103 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)91000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Digestion, assimilation and metabolism of lean and fatty pork were studied in immature C. porosus. 2. Up to 92% of protein was digested but protein digestion was adversely affected by high levels of dietary fat. 3. Protein was catabolized in preference to fat, much of which was stored, although the ratio between metabolizable energy and protein retention was still 2.73 g/100 kJ. 4. 56.8% of ingested energy was stored, maintenance requirements taking as little as 7.7%. 5. Up to 13.8% energy was spent digesting and assimilating food.
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Oxidation of H2S in seawater as a function of temperature, pH, and ionic strength. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1987; 21:439-43. [PMID: 22296130 DOI: 10.1021/es00159a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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Evoked metabolic responses in the limbic-striate system produced by stimulation of anterior thalamic nucleus in man. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1987; 10:217-25. [PMID: 2436182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1987.tb05952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Six human subjects (5 male, 1 female, age 23.7 + 5.7 years) with incapacitating partial seizure disorders intractable to medical therapy have been treated by ongoing pulsed electrical stimulation of anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Four of the six patients have demonstrated statistically significant clinical control of the seizure disorder. One patient (D.L.) has been seizure-free for the last two years. In two of these six patients, it was possible to study not only electrophysiological activity of the brain, but also regional cerebral glucose metabolism by the (18F) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose method, blood cortisol levels, and blood levels of valproic acid, diphenylhydantoin, and carbamazepine. Significant changes were seen during periods of stimulation compared with control periods without stimulation. These results imply that stimulation of the principal thalamic relay nucleus of the limbic system causes clinical, behavioral, cerebral metabolic, electroencephalographic, endocrinologic, and pharmacokinetic responses.
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography, using the dopa analogue [18F]6-fluoro-L-dopa, has been used to depict the neostriatum in living monkeys. The amount of 18F that accumulated preferentially in the striatum could be augmented by a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Striatal 18F could also be discharged with reserpine. This is the first time that the regional distribution of a neurotransmitter has been demonstrated in monkeys.
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Abstract
We describe a radiographic technique to identify a correctly located cannula in the ventricular system of the rat brain during life. A suspension of thorium dioxide was infused into the left lateral ventricle through a cannula placed in the brain under stereotaxic guidance. Correctly located injections were identified by the presence of a distinct thorium shadow on lateral X-ray of the in situ brain. When 6-hydroxydopamine was co-injected with thorium the resultant depletion of striatal dopamine and the changes in a conditioned avoidance responses were correlated with the degree of spreading of thorium through the ventricular system.
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Phenol ionization in dopa determines the site of methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol 1981; 19:130-3. [PMID: 6782443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-( 18 F)fluoro-DL-phenylalanine. J Med Chem 1973; 16:416-8. [PMID: 4716187 DOI: 10.1021/jm00262a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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The preparation of ( 18 F)5-fluoro-DOPA with reactor-produced fluorine-18. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1973; 24:182-4. [PMID: 4689915 DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(73)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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