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Mallineni SK, Nuvvula S, Ismail AF, Aldhuwayhi S, Shaikh SA, Deeban Y, Kumar V, Almaz ME. Influence of information source regarding COVID-19 knowledge among the undergraduate dental students during the early lockdown: a multi-national study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:9030-9039. [PMID: 36524522 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of information sources on the knowledge regarding COVID-19 among undergraduate dental students in India, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Turkey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An online questionnaire in a Google form link was circulated among the target population via various online platforms. It consisted of 14 close-ended questions assessing these students' knowledge and source of COVID-19-related information. SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used to compute descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and ANOVA tests for comparing various variables, and a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The study yielded 809 responses from dental undergraduate students from India, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Turkey. Dental students from Turkey reported a higher mean knowledge score of 7.91±1.34 and 7.88±0.58 for Malaysian dental students. In contrast, the lower scores were achieved by Saudi Arabia (7.36±1.22) and India (7.37±1.21) dental students, and the findings were statistically significant (p<0.05). The study population used various sources to attain information regarding COVID-19. Most respondents (63.1%) utilized information regarding COVID-19 from multiple sources rather than single sources (36.9%). CONCLUSIONS Reliable and validated information sources resulted in higher knowledge scores. Turkey and Malaysia dental students reported a higher mean knowledge score and the lowest for Saudi Arabia and India dental students. There is increased popularity of social media platforms as information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mallineni
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Ar Rayyan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Aldhuwayhi S, Mustafa MZ, Shaikh SA, Mehta S, Mathar MI, Thakare AA, Varadharaju VK, Ayub MS, Shamsudeen SM, A Khan AR. A comparative study on the influence of third point of reference on condylar guidance settings in a semi-adjustable articulator with lateral cephalographs: An in-vivo study. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1457-1462. [PMID: 34657010 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_658_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim The study aimed to evaluate the effect on condylar guidance values with casts mounted by facebow transfer (Guichet's point as the third point of reference), Bonwill's, and radiographic method. Materials and Methods The dentulous subject's casts were mounted to a semi-adjustable articulator (Artex Type AR) after facebow transfer with Guichet's point as the third point of reference and also by Bonwill's method. Protrusive records made earlier were utilized to program the right and left side condylar guidance value. Two digital lateral cephalograms were made, one in centric relation, and one in protrusion and the condyles were traced and overlapped. The condylar guidance readings obtained by Bonwill's method, facebow transfer, and lateral cephalometric tracings were compared in this study using the SPSS (Version 17.0 Illinois, Chicago, USA) software. Results The condylar guidance values obtained from Bonwill's and the facebow transfer method (p < 0.001) was lesser than the radiographic method. The values obtained by casts mounted to the Bonwill's method differed significantly (p < 0.001) from the other two methods. Conclusion The values obtained by facebow transfer were closer to the radiographic values whereas the values obtained by Bonwill's method mounting differed markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aldhuwayhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Z Mustafa
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S A Shaikh
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Mehta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bapuji dental college and hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - M I Mathar
- Department of Prosthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Thakare
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - V K Varadharaju
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Ayub
- Consultant, RR teeth care and Dental Implant Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S M Shamsudeen
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A R A Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Vollebregt O, Koyama E, Zai CC, Shaikh SA, Lisoway AJ, Kennedy JL, Beitchman JH. Evidence for association of vasopressin receptor 1A promoter region repeat with childhood onset aggression. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:522-528. [PMID: 34161896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood onset aggression can cause major suffering to affected families and is associated with many negative outcomes in the child's later life, including poor academic performance, adolescent delinquency, drug abuse, depression and antisocial personality disorder. Currently available prevention and intervention strategies have limited efficacy, but a better understanding of underlying genetic and neurobiological factors can lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies, through genetic screening programs and novel therapies. METHOD This study examined the RS1 (n = 299 aggression, n = 192 controls) and RS3 (n = 291 aggression, n = 189 controls) microsatellite repeats within the promoter region of the vasopressin receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A) and their association with extreme childhood aggression, as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), as well as the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and Youth Self Report (YSR). Binary logistic regression was used to model the relationship between microsatellite length and childhood aggression. Age and sex were used as covariates. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed a nominally significant association between one specific RS3 repeat and non-aggressive status. No association was found for any of the RS1 repeats. In a separate model, grouping repeats into short and long, carriers of long RS3 repeats were nominally significantly associated with non-aggressive status. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a role for AVPR1A and its RS3 microsatellite in extreme childhood aggression and could lead to a better understanding of the biological pathways of aggressive behavior. However, independent replication and further research into the functionality of studied genetic variants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Vollebregt
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajid A Shaikh
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J Lisoway
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joseph H Beitchman
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Zai GC, Freeman N, Pouget JG, Greco J, Tampakeras M, Shaikh SA, Herbert D, Emmerson H, Cheema SY, Braganza N, Müller DJ, Voineskos AN, Remington G, Kennedy JL. Association Study of the Complement Component C4 Gene in Tardive Dyskinesia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1339. [PMID: 31849639 PMCID: PMC6901959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that may develop in schizophrenia patients being treated long-term with antipsychotic medication. TD interferes with voluntary movements and leads to stigma, and can be associated with treatment non-adherence. The etiology of TD is unclear, but it appears to have a genetic component. There is emerging evidence of immune dysregulation in TD. In the current study, we set out to investigate the complex schizophrenia-associated complement component 4 (C4) gene for possible association with TD occurrence and TD severity as assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in a sample of 129 schizophrenia patients of European ancestry. We have genotyped the copy numbers of long and short forms of C4A and C4B gene variants in 129 European ancestry patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We did not find predicted C4A or C4B expression to be nominally associated with TD risk or severity. However, we found the number of copies of C4BL to be nominally associated with TD severity (p = 0.020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gwyneth C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennie G Pouget
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Greco
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Tampakeras
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajid A Shaikh
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Herbert
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Emmerson
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheraz Y Cheema
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Braganza
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lu JY, Tiwari AK, Zai GC, Rastogi A, Shaikh SA, Müller DJ, Voineskos AN, Potkin SG, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Remington G, Wong AH, Kennedy JL, Zai CC. Association study of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 gene variants and tardive dyskinesia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zai CC, Lee FH, Tiwari AK, Lu JY, de Luca V, Maes MS, Herbert D, Shahmirian A, Cheema SY, Zai GC, Atukuri A, Sherman M, Shaikh SA, Tampakeras M, Freeman N, King N, Müller DJ, Greenbaum L, Lerer B, Voineskos AN, Potkin SG, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Remington G, Kennedy JL. Investigation of the HSPG2 Gene in Tardive Dyskinesia - New Data and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:974. [PMID: 30283332 PMCID: PMC6157325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that may occur after extended use of antipsychotic medications. The etiopathophysiology is unclear; however, genetic factors play an important role. The Perlecan (HSPG2) gene was found to be significantly associated with TD in Japanese schizophrenia patients, and this association was subsequently replicated by an independent research group. To add to the evidence for this gene in TD, we conducted a meta-analysis specific to the relationship of HSPG2 rs2445142 with TD occurrence, while also adding our unpublished genotype data. Overall, we found a significant association of the G allele with TD occurrence (p = 0.0001); however, much of the effect appeared to originate from the discovery dataset. Nonetheless, most study samples exhibit the same trend of association with TD for the G allele. Our findings encourage further genetic and molecular studies of HSPG2 in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frankie H Lee
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Y Lu
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam S Maes
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Herbert
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anashe Shahmirian
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheraz Y Cheema
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gwyneth C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anupama Atukuri
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Sherman
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajid A Shaikh
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Tampakeras
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole King
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Long Beach Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pharmacology and Physiology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gary Remington
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Zai GC, de Luca V, Shaikh SA, King N, Strauss J, Kennedy JL, Vincent JB. Sequence Analysis of Drug Target Genes with Suicidal Behavior in Bipolar Disorder Patients. Mol Neuropsychiatry 2018; 4:1-6. [PMID: 29998113 DOI: 10.1159/000488029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background A number of genes have been implicated in recent genome-wide association studies of suicide attempt in bipolar disorder. More focused investigation of genes coding for protein targets of existing drugs may lead to drug repurposing for the treatment and/or prevention of suicide. Methods We analyzed 2,457 DNA variants across 197 genes of interest to GlaxoSmithKline across the pipeline in our sample of European patients suffering from bipolar disorder (N = 219). We analyzed these variants for a possible association with the suicide severity score (ranging from suicidal ideation/plan to serious suicide attempt) from the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. We conducted tests of individual variants and gene-based tests. Results We found a number of DNA variants in the transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 gene (TGFBR1) to be suggestively associated with suicide severity scores (p < 0.005). The gene-based tests also pointed to TGFBR1 to be associated with suicide severity (p = 0.0001). However, these findings were not replicated in an independent bipolar disorder sample. Conclusions We report no significant association between DNA sequences of drug target genes and suicidal behavior. Additional larger sequencing studies could further interrogate associations between variants in drug target genes and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gwyneth C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajid A Shaikh
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole King
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Strauss
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Informatics, Child, Youth, and Family Program, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Molecular Brain Science, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development (MiND) Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shaikh SA, Robinson RD, Cheeti R, Rath S, Cowden CD, Rosinia F, Zenarosa NR, Wang H. Risks predicting prolonged hospital discharge boarding in a regional acute care hospital. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 29378577 PMCID: PMC5789525 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged hospital discharge boarding can impact patient flow resulting in upstream Emergency Department crowding. We aim to determine the risks predicting prolonged hospital discharge boarding and their direct and indirect effects on patient flow. Methods Retrospective review of a single hospital discharge database was conducted. Variables including type of disposition, disposition boarding time, case management consultation, discharge medications prescriptions, severity of illness, and patient homeless status were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model. Hospital charges, potential savings of hospital bed hours, and whether detailed discharge instructions provided adequate explanations to patients were also analyzed. Results A total of 11,527 admissions was entered into final analysis. The median discharge boarding time was approximately 2 h. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of patients transferring to other hospitals was 7.45 (95% CI 5.35–10.37), to court or law enforcement custody was 2.51 (95% CI 1.84–3.42), and to a skilled nursing facility was 2.48 (95% CI 2.10–2.93). AOR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.47–0.71) if the disposition order was placed during normal office hours (0800–1700). AOR of early case management consultation was 1.52 (95% CI 1.37–1.68) versus 1.73 (95% CI 1.03–2.89) for late consultation. Eighty-eight percent of patients experiencing discharge boarding times within 2 h of disposition expressed positive responses when questioned about the quality of explanations of discharge instructions and follow-up plans based on satisfaction surveys. Similar results (86% positive response) were noted among patients whose discharge boarding times were prolonged (> 2 h, p = 0.44). An average charge of $6/bed/h was noted in all hospital discharges. Maximizing early discharge boarding (≤ 2 h) would have resulted in 16,376 hospital bed hours saved thereby averting $98,256.00 in unnecessary dwell time charges in this study population alone. Conclusion Type of disposition, case management timely consultation, and disposition to discharge dwell time affect boarding and patient flow in a tertiary acute care hospital. Efficiency of the discharge process did not affect patient satisfaction relative to the perceived quality of discharge instruction and follow-up plan explanations. Prolonged disposition to discharge intervals result in unnecessary hospital bed occupancy thereby negatively impacting hospital finances while delivering no direct benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid A Shaikh
- Department of Information Technology, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Richard D Robinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Radhika Cheeti
- Department of Information Technology, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Shyamanand Rath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Chad D Cowden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Frank Rosinia
- Department of Quality Office, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Nestor R Zenarosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA.
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Chowdhury NI, Brandl EJ, Shaikh SA, Freeman N, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. Association Study of Serotonin 3 Receptor Subunit Gene Variants in Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 74:169-175. [PMID: 28531893 PMCID: PMC5653224 DOI: 10.1159/000457903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic severe neuropsychiatric disorder, where pharmacological treatment has been hindered by adverse effects, including antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) and related complications. Genetic studies have been exploring the appetite regulation and energy homeostasis pathways in AIWG with some promising leads. The serotonin system has been shown to participate in these pathways. METHODS In the current study, we examined single nucleotide polymorphisms across the serotonin receptor genes HTR3A and HTR3B. Prospective weight change was assessed for a total of 149 SCZ patients of European ancestry. RESULTS We did not find the tested HTR3A or HTR3B gene markers to be associated with AIWG in our sample. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings suggest that these receptors may not play a major role in predicting AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada
| | - Arun K. Tiwari
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada
| | - Nabilah I. Chowdhury
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Eva J. Brandl
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sajid A. Shaikh
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Lieber Center for Schizophrenia Research, New York Presbyterian Hospital & Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- Dept Psychiatry & Beh Sci, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada,Corresponding Authors: Dr. Daniel J. Müller; Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: (416) 535-8501 ext. 36851; Fax: (416) 979-4666; . Dr. James L. Kennedy; Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, R31 250 college Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: (416) 979-4987; Fax: (416) 979-4666;
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1S8, Canada,Corresponding Authors: Dr. Daniel J. Müller; Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: (416) 535-8501 ext. 36851; Fax: (416) 979-4666; . Dr. James L. Kennedy; Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, R31 250 college Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: (416) 979-4987; Fax: (416) 979-4666;
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10
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Zai CC, Gonçalves VF, Tiwari AK, Gagliano SA, Hosang G, de Luca V, Shaikh SA, King N, Chen Q, Xu W, Strauss J, Breen G, Lewis CM, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Knight J, Vincent JB, Kennedy JL. A genome-wide association study of suicide severity scores in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 65:23-9. [PMID: 25917933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide claims one million lives worldwide annually, making it a serious public health concern. The risk for suicidal behaviour can be partly explained by genetic factors, as suggested by twin and family studies (reviewed in (Zai et al. 2012)). Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of suicide attempt on large samples of bipolar disorder (BD) patients from multiple sites have identified a number of novel candidate genes. GWASs of suicide behaviour severity, from suicidal ideation to serious suicide attempt, have not been reported for BD. METHODS We conducted a GWAS of suicide behaviour severity in three independent BD samples:212 small nuclear families with BD probands from Toronto, Canada, 428 BD cases from Toronto, and 483 BD cases from the UK. We carried out imputation with 1000 Genome Project data as reference using IMPUTE2. Quality control and data analysis was conducted using PLINK and R. We conducted the quantitative analyses of suicide behaviour severity in the three samples separately, and derived an overall significance by a meta-analysis using the METAL software. RESULTS We did not find genome-wide significant association of any tested markers in any of the BD samples, but we found a number of suggestive associations, including regions on chromosomes 8 and 10 (p < 1e-5). CONCLUSIONS Our GWAS findings suggest that likely many gene variants of small effects contribute collectively to the risk for suicidal behaviour severity in BD. Larger independent replications are required to strengthen the findings from the GWAS presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Gagliano
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Hosang
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, United Kingdom; MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajid A Shaikh
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole King
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qian Chen
- Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute, Prince Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Strauss
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Farmer
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Knight
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development Laboratory (MiND), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Zai CC, Manchia M, Sønderby IE, Yilmaz Z, De Luca V, Tiwari AK, Squassina A, Zai GC, Shaikh SA, Strauss J, King N, Le Foll B, Kaplan AS, Finseth PI, Vaaler AE, Djurovic S, Andreassen O, Vincent JB, Kennedy JL. Investigation of the genetic interaction between BDNF and DRD3 genes in suicidical behaviour in psychiatric disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:171-9. [PMID: 25264289 PMCID: PMC4377309 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.953011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide is a serious public health concern, and it is partly genetic. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been a strong candidate in genetic studies of suicide (Dwivedi et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010;60:804-815; Zai et al., Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012;34:1412-1418) and BDNF regulates the expression of the dopamine D3 receptor. OBJECTIVE We examined the role of the BDNF and DRD3 genes in suicide. METHODS We analysed four tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BDNF and 15 SNPs in the D3 receptor gene DRD3 for possible association with suicide attempt history in our Canadian sample of Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients of European ancestry (N = 188). RESULTS In this sample, we found a possible interaction between the BDNF Val66Met and DRD3 Ser9Gly SNPs in increasing the risk of suicide attempt(s) in our SCZ sample. Specifically, a larger proportion of SCZ patients who were carrying at least one copy of the minor allele at each of the Val66Met and Ser9Gly functional markers have attempted suicides compared to patients with other genotypes (Bonferroni P < 0.05). However, we could not replicate this finding in samples from other psychiatric populations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that an interaction between BDNF and DRD3 may not play a major role in the risk for suicide attempt, though further studies, especially in SCZ, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, CA,Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ida Elken Sønderby
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Arun K. Tiwari
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA)
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gwyneth C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA
| | - Sajid A. Shaikh
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA)
| | - John Strauss
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Nicole King
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, CA
| | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA,Access & Transitions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Per I. Finseth
- Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - John B. Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA,Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada (CA),Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA,Corresponding Author: James L. Kennedy, MD, Address: Rm129 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T1R8, Phone: 1-416-9794987, FAX: 1-416-7974666,
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12
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Furst DE, Shaikh SA, Greenwald M, Bennett B, Davies O, Luijtens K, Staelens F, Koetse W, Bertin P. Two dosing regimens of certolizumab pegol in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:151-60. [PMID: 25302624 PMCID: PMC4329409 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of 2 certolizumab pegol (CZP) maintenance dosing regimens plus methotrexate (MTX) in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients achieving the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) after the CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks open-label run-in period. Methods DOSEFLEX (dosing flexibility) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study with an open-label run-in phase. During the run-in phase, all patients received CZP 400 mg (weeks 0, 2, and 4) and 200 mg every 2 weeks to week 16. Week 16 ACR20 responders were randomized 1:1:1 at week 18 to CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks, 400 mg every 4 weeks, or placebo. Results A total of 209 (of 333) patients were randomized at week 18 (CZP: 200 mg, n = 70; 400 mg, n = 70; placebo, n = 69). Groups had similar baseline characteristics (week 0). Week 34 ACR20 response rates were comparable between the CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks and the 400 mg every 4 weeks groups (67.1% versus 65.2%), which was significantly higher than placebo (44.9%; P = 0.009 and P = 0.017). ACR50/70 and remission criteria were met more frequently in CZP groups than placebo at week 34, with similar responses between anti–tumor necrosis factor–experienced and naive patients. Improvements from baseline Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index scores were maintained in CZP groups from week 16 to 34 while worsening on placebo. Adverse event (AE) rates in the double-blind phase were 62.9% versus 60.9% versus 62.3%; serious AE rates were 7.1% versus 2.9% versus 0.0% (CZP 200 mg, 400 mg, and placebo groups). Conclusion In active RA patients with an incomplete MTX response, CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks and 400 mg every 4 weeks were comparable and better than placebo for maintaining clinical response to week 4 following a 16-week, open-label run-in phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Furst
- University of California, Los Angeles
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13
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Zai CC, Zai GC, Tiwari AK, Manchia M, de Luca V, Shaikh SA, Strauss J, Kennedy JL. Association study of GABRG2 polymorphisms with suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients with alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:154-8. [PMID: 24776921 DOI: 10.1159/000358839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder where the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been implicated in its aetiopathophysiology. Several genes coding for GABAA subunits, including the GABRG2 gene that encodes the γ2 subunit, are clustered at 5q31-q35, a chromosomal region that is associated with schizophrenia in genome scan studies. We recently reported GABRG2 to be associated with schizophrenia in our case-control and family samples. METHODS We tested eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the GABRG2 gene for an association with suicidal behaviour in our schizophrenia sample of European ancestry (n = 197), taking into account history of alcohol abuse or dependence. RESULTS We found the haplotypes of the rs183294 and rs209356 markers to be significantly associated with history of suicide attempt (p < 0.01) as well as suicide specifier scores (p < 0.05). The association appeared to be originating in patients with a history of alcohol dependence or abuse. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that GABRG2 may be involved in suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients with alcohol dependence or abuse, but replications are required. These results may help in the discovery of novel treatments for alcoholism and/or prevention of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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14
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Brandl EJ, Tiwari AK, Lett TA, Shaikh SA, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. Exploratory study on association of genetic variation in TBC1D1 with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Hum Psychopharmacol 2013; 28:183-7. [PMID: 23364847 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that antipsychotics with high propensity for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) influence glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mediated glucose intake. Variation in the gene encoding TBC1 domain family member 1 (TBC1D1), a Rab-GTPase activating protein regulating GLUT4 trafficking, has been associated with obesity. Therefore, we investigated the impact of TBC1D1 polymorphisms on AIWG. METHODS We analyzed rs9852 and rs35859249 in TBC1D1 in 195 schizophrenia subjects treated mostly with clozapine or olanzapine for up to 14 weeks. Association was tested using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance with change (%) from baseline weight as the dependent variable. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed a non-significant trend for lower weight gain in carriers of the T-allele of rs9852 than in C-allele homozygotes (p = 0.063). This effect was more pronounced in the subgroup of patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine (p = 0.024). For rs35859249, no significant association with AIWG could be detected. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study examining the association between TBC1D1 and AIWG. The moderate association of rs9852, located in the 3'UTR near a miRNA binding site, indicates an influence of TBC1D1 on AIWG. Further investigations remain necessary to elucidate the role of this gene in AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Brandl
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Zai CC, Muir KE, Nowrouzi B, Shaikh SA, Choi E, Berall L, Trépanier MO, Beitchman JH, Kennedy JL. Possible genetic association between vasopressin receptor 1B and child aggression. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:784-8. [PMID: 22910476 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on animal models have implicated arginine vasopressin signalling pathway in aggressive behaviour. The role of arginine vasopressin in childhood onset aggression is unclear. METHODS We investigated 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for arginine vasopressin and its receptors in our sample of 177 aggressive child cases paired with adult controls matched for sex and ethnicity. RESULTS We found the non-synonymous polymorphism AVPR1B_rs35369693 to be associated with child aggression in our sample (P=0.007). We also found two-marker haplotype window containing AVPR1B_rs35369693 and AVPR1B_rs28676508 to be associated (P=0.003). The haplotype findings survived multiple-testing adjusted significance threshold of 0.0063. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a genetic association between vasopressin receptor 1B and child aggression. Replication in independent samples are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Chowdhury NI, Tiwari AK, Souza RP, Zai CC, Shaikh SA, Chen S, Liu F, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Malhotra AK, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. Genetic association study between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and the melanocortin-4 receptor gene. Pharmacogenomics J 2012; 13:272-9. [PMID: 22310352 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) may result in the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. Downstream variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene have been associated with obesity in various populations. Thus, we examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MC4R region for association with AIWG in SCZ patients. Four SNPs (rs2229616, rs17782313, rs11872992 and rs8087522) were genotyped in 224 patients who underwent treatment for SCZ and were evaluated for AIWG for up to 14 weeks. We compared weight change (%) across genotypic groups using analysis of covariance for three SNPs (r²≤0.8). European-ancestry patients who were rs8087522 A-allele carriers (AG+AA) on clozapine gained significantly more weight than non-carriers (P=0.027, n=69). These observations were marginal after correction for multiple testing. We performed in vitro electrophoretic mobility-shift assay that suggested that the presence of the A-allele may create a transcription factor-binding site. Further investigation is warranted for both these exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Chowdhury
- Neurogenetics Section, Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Felsky D, Voineskos AN, Lerch JP, Nazeri A, Shaikh SA, Rajji TK, Mulsant BH, Kennedy JL. Myelin-associated glycoprotein gene and brain morphometry in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:40. [PMID: 22563322 PMCID: PMC3342517 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin and oligodendrocyte disruption may be a core feature of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The purpose of the present study was to localize the effects of previously identified risk variants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) gene on brain morphometry in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Forty-five schizophrenia patients and 47 matched healthy controls underwent clinical, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and genetics procedures. Gray and white matter cortical lobe volumes along with hippocampal volumes were calculated from T1-weighted MRI scans. Each subject was also genotyped for the two disease-associated MAG single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs720308 and rs720309). Repeated measures general linear model (GLM) analysis found significant region by genotype and region by genotype by diagnosis interactions for the effects of MAG risk variants on lobar gray matter volumes. No significant associations were found with lobar white matter volumes or hippocampal volumes. Follow-up univariate GLMs found the AA genotype of rs720308 predisposed schizophrenia patients to left temporal and parietal gray matter volume deficits. These results suggest that the effects of the MAG gene on cortical gray matter volume in schizophrenia patients can be localized to temporal and parietal cortices. Our results support a role for MAG gene variation in brain morphometry in schizophrenia, align with other lines of evidence implicating MAG in schizophrenia, and provide genetically based insight into the heterogeneity of brain imaging findings in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Felsky
- Neuroscience Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Lett TAP, Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Shaikh SA, Likhodi O, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. ANK3, CACNA1C and ZNF804A gene variants in bipolar disorders and psychosis subphenotype. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011; 12:392-7. [PMID: 21767209 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.564655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The ANK3, CACNA1C and ZNF804A genes have been implicated in both bipolar disorders (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been suggested that BPD with psychosis may be a clinical manifestation of genes overlapping between BPD and SCZ. We therefore tested the association of these genes with BPD in a large family-based sample, and then dissected the phenotype into psychosis present or absent subgroups. METHODS. We genotyped four high interest single nucleotide polymorphisms from ANK3 (rs10994336, rs9804190), CACNA1C (rs1006737), and ZNF804A (rs1344706). Family based association testing (FBAT) was performed on 312 families, and within psychotic (N = 158) and non-psychotic BPD (N = 119) subgroups. RESULTS. In the whole sample, we found a nominal association in ZNF804A (rs1344706, P = 0.046), and a trend in CACNA1C (rs1006737, P = 0.077). In the psychotic BPD subgroup, as hypothesized, stronger signals were observed in ZNF804A (P = 0.019) and CACNA1C (P = 0.017). We found no association in the ANK3 markers, but the rs10994336 variant was nominally associated with non-psychotic BPD (P = 0.046). Exploratory analysis revealed the rs1344706 variant was also implicated in suicide-attempt behaviour (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS. These tentative results are consistent with the hypothesis that the subphenotype of BPD with psychosis may represent a clinical manifestation of shared genetic liability between BPD and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram A P Lett
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Mandil A, BinSaeed A, Dabbagh R, Shaikh SA, AlSaadi M, Khan M. Smoking among Saudi university students: consumption patterns and risk factors. East Mediterr Health J 2011; 17:309-316. [PMID: 22259889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is increasing among young people, especially in Gulf nations such as Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and behavioural patterns of tobacco use among undergraduate students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2008/09 and investigate factors that influenced their tobacco use. A cross-sectional study was done of a representative sample (n = 6793) of the undergraduate student population using a modified version of the global youth tobacco survey questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking was 14.5% among students, 22.2% and 2.2% among fathers and mothers and 43.1% and 14.8% for male and female siblings; 15.0% reported all or most of their friends smoked. The most important independent predictors of smoking were: friends' smoking (some: OR = 6.7 and all: OR = 54.9), sister's smoking (OR = 2.2), mother's smoking (OR = 2.1), single status (OR = 1.7) and age (OR = 1.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mandil
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zai CC, Manchia M, De Luca V, Tiwari AK, Squassina A, Zai GC, Strauss J, Shaikh SA, Freeman N, Meltzer HY, Lieberman J, Le Foll B, Kennedy JL. Association study of BDNF and DRD3 genes in schizophrenia diagnosis using matched case-control and family based study designs. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1412-8. [PMID: 20667458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with prominent genetic etiologic factors. The dopamine receptor DRD3 gene is a strong candidate in genetic studies of SCZ because of the dopamine hypothesis of SCZ and the selective expression of D(3) in areas of the limbic system implicated in the disease. We examined 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD3 in our sample of European origin consisting of 95 small nuclear SCZ families and 167 case-control pairs. We also examined four BDNF SNPs in our samples because of evidence for BDNF regulation of DRD3 expression (Guillin et al., 2001). We found a nominally significant genotypic association with rs7633291 and allelic association with rs1025398 alleles. However, these observations did not survive correction for multiple testing. We did not find a statistically significant association with the other DRD3 and BDNF polymorphisms. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that BDNF and DRD3 may not be involved in SCZ susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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Strauss JS, Freeman NL, Shaikh SA, Vetró Á, Kiss E, Kapornai K, Daróczi G, Rimay T, Kothencné VO, Dombovári E, Kaczvinszk E, Tamás Z, Baji I, Besny M, Gádoros J, DeLuca V, George CJ, Dempster E, Barr CL, Kovacs M, Kennedy JL. No association between oxytocin or prolactin gene variants and childhood-onset mood disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:1422-8. [PMID: 20547007 PMCID: PMC2941560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) are neuropeptide hormones that interact with the serotonin system and are involved in the stress response and social affiliation. In human studies, serum OXT and PRL levels have been associated with depression and related phenotypes. Our purpose was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the loci for OXT, PRL and their receptors, OXTR and PRLR, were associated with childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD). METHODS Using 678 families in a family-based association design, we genotyped 16 SNPs at OXT, PRL, OXTR and PRLR to test for association with COMD. RESULTS No significant associations were found for SNPs in the OXTR, PRL, or PRLR genes. Two of three SNPs 3' of the OXT gene were associated with COMD (p≤0.02), significant after spectral decomposition, but were not significant after additionally correcting for the number of genes tested. Supplementary analyses of parent-of-origin and proband sex effects for OXT SNPs by Fisher's Exact test were not significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS We have examined 16 OXT and PRL system gene variants, with no evidence of statistically significant association after correction for multiple tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Strauss
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie L. Freeman
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajid A. Shaikh
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ágnes Vetró
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kiss
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kapornai
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Daróczi
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Timea Rimay
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viola Osváth Kothencné
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Dombovári
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emília Kaczvinszk
- Szeged University Medical Faculty, Department for Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo DeLuca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles J. George
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Cathy L. Barr
- The Toronto Western Research Institute, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Kovacs
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Novak G, Boukhadra J, Shaikh SA, Kennedy JL, Le Foll B. Association of a polymorphism in the NRXN3 gene with the degree of smoking in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 10:929-35. [PMID: 19658047 DOI: 10.1080/15622970903079499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome scan studies have recently identified the NRXN1 and NRXN3 genes as potential contributing factors in the risk for nicotine addiction. We have genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the NRXN1 and NRXN3 genes in 195 unrelated patients with schizophrenia for whom information about their smoking status and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) was obtained. The NRXN3 marker rs1004212 was significantly associated with quantity of tobacco smoked. Individuals homozygous for the C allele of rs1004212 smoked more cigarettes per day than heterozygous individuals. We found no significant association of markers within the NRXN1 gene with the risk of smoking or the quantity of tobacco smoked. Because of the relatively small sample size, this is a preliminary study. However, this candidate gene study supports the observations of molecular studies implicating the NRXN genes in drug addiction and suggests that variants in the NRXN3 gene could contribute to the degree of nicotine dependence in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Novak
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shahi SR, Agrawal GR, Shinde NV, Shaikh SA, Shaikh SS, Padalkar AN, Somani VG. Formulation design and optimization of orodispersible tablets of Etoricoxib by response surface methodology. Asian J Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.55047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghaisas MM, Shaikh SA, Deshpande AD. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofBauhinia variegataLinn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8258.49379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaikh SA, Jain T, Sandhu G, Latha N, Jayaram B. From drug target to leads--sketching a physicochemical pathway for lead molecule design in silico. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 13:3454-70. [PMID: 18220783 DOI: 10.2174/138161207782794220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new pharmaceuticals via computer modeling is one of the key challenges in modern medicine. The advent of global networks of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic endeavors is ushering in an increasing number of novel and clinically important targets for screening. Computational methods are anticipated to play a pivotal role in exploiting the structural and functional information to understand specific molecular recognition events of the target macromolecule with candidate hits leading ultimately to the design of improved leads for the target. In this review, we sketch a system independent, comprehensive physicochemical pathway for lead molecule design focusing on the emerging in silico trends and techniques. We survey strategies for the generation of candidate molecules, docking them with the target and ranking them based on binding affinities. We present a molecular level treatment for distinguishing affinity from specificity of a ligand for a given target. We also discuss the significant aspects of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) and highlight improved protocols required for higher quality and throughput of in silico methods employed at early stages of discovery. We present a realization of the various stages in the pathway proposed with select examples from the literature and from our own research to demonstrate the way in which an iterative process of computer design and validation can aid in developing potent leads. The review thus summarizes recent advances and presents a viewpoint on improvements envisioned in the years to come for automated computer aided lead molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry & Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Toxicology and Histochemistry, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad 380016, India
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Turner MA, Shaikh SA, Greenwood SL. Secretion of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 by fragments of term human placental villi: signalling pathways and effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha and mode of delivery. Placenta 2002; 23:467-74. [PMID: 12137744 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2002.0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cytokine secretion has not been extensively investigated in placental tissue. Fragments of term human placenta were incubated in Tyrode's medium for 3h and cytokine concentrations were measured in the supernatant. IL-1beta secretion after vaginal delivery (VD) was (mean +/- SEM fmol/mg wet weight/3h) 0.193 +/- 0.005 (basal) and 0.549 +/- 0.18 (+1n M TNFalpha) and was more sensitive to TNFalpha dose after elective Caesarean section in the absence of clinical labour (CS) than VD. Secretion of IL-6 after VD was 2.3 +/- 0.47 (basal) and 3.01 +/- 0.34 (+1n M TNFalpha), was correlated with the secretion of IL-1beta and was more sensitive to TNFalpha dose after VD than CS. The inhibitors SB203580, PD98059, SN50, cycloheximide and D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole each reduced the basal and TNFalpha-stimulated secretion of IL-1beta and also reduced IL-6 secretion with the exception of SN50. There were no interactions between effects of inhibitors and mode of delivery or TNFalpha. In summary we found that term placenta spontaneously secretes IL-1beta and IL-6 in vitro. Delivery after labour alters placental sensitivity to TNFalpha. Exposure to agents known to inhibit MAPK pathways, NF-kappaB, or synthesis of protein and mRNA reduces placental cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Turner
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Manchester, Research Floor, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
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Abstract
Mean maximum anal resting pressure is directly related to the activity of the smooth muscles of the internal and external sphincters and has been found to be increased in the patients of anal fissure. It has been shown that blood flow at the posterior midline of anoderm is inversely related to the mean maximum anal resting pressure, and topical application of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointments is a very successful treatment. This randomized study was designed to evaluate the relative value of a nitroglycerin patch applied at a distance from the fissure site in healing anal fissure compared to GTN ointment and compared to surgical treatment. Forty-two consecutive patients with chronic anal fissure of more than 4 months' duration were randomized into two equally sized groups: those in group A received 0.2% GTN ointment while those in group B received a 10-mg nitroglycerin patch for 8 weeks. Patients were also asked to rate their pain intensity on a scale of 0-10. Five patients were excluded for various reasons; results were analyzed for the remaining 37 patients (group A, n=18; group B, n=19). A control group C consisted of 12 patients who underwent surgical treatment. Fissures healed completely in 12 of 18 (66.7%) patients in group A, 12 of 19 (63.2%) in group B and 11/12 (91.7%) in group C. The healing rates in groups A and B did not differ significantly (P=0.7), nor was there a difference between these and surgical group C (P=0.13). The local application of GTN ointment and the nitroglycerin patch are both effective, economical, and alternative treatment options for most patients with anal fissures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Zuberi
- Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan.
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Shaikh SA, Khire JM, Khan MI. Characterization of a thermostable extracellular beta-galactosidase from a thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor sp. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1472:314-22. [PMID: 10572953 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular beta-galactosidase from a thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor sp. has been purified to homogeneity by successive DEAE cellulose chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The native molecular mass of the enzyme is 250,000 and it is composed of two identical subunits with molecular mass of 120,000. It is an acidic protein with a pI of 4.2. Purified beta-galactosidase is a glycoprotein and contains 8% neutral sugar. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity are 4.5 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme is stable at 60 degrees C for 4 h, and has a t(1/2) of 150 min(-1) at 70 degrees C which is one of the highest reported for fungal beta-galactosidases. Substrate specificity studies indicated that the enzyme is specific for beta-linked galactose residues with a preference for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (pNPG). The Km and Vmax values for the synthetic substrates pNPG and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) were 0.66 mM and 1.32 mM; and 22.4 mmol min(-1) mg(-1) and 4.45 mmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively, while that for the natural substrate, lactose, was 50.0 mM and 12 mmol min(-1) mg(-1). The end product galactose and the substrate analogue isopropyl thiogalactopyranoside (ITPG) inhibited the enzyme with Ki of 2.6 mM and 12.0 mM, respectively. The energy of activation for the enzyme using pNPG and oNPG were 27.04 kCal and 9.04 kCal, respectively. The active site characterization studies using group-specific reagents revealed that a tryptophan and lysine residue play an important role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shaikh
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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Goyal R, Zivin A, Souza J, Shaikh SA, Harvey M, Bogun F, Daoud E, Man KC, Strickberger SA, Morady F. Comparison of the ages of tachycardia onset in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia. Am Heart J 1996; 132:765-7. [PMID: 8831363 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(96)90308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia may have different ages of tachycardia onset. Symptom onset data were obtained in 519 patients (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 231, accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia, 288). The mean age of the patients at the time of evaluation was 47 +/- 17 years (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia) and 37 +/- 15 years (accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia). The mean age of symptom onset was 32 +/- 18 years for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and 23 +/- 14 years for accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia. A significantly greater proportion of patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia had the initial onset of symptoms after the age of 20 years (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 67% vs accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia, 41%, p < 0.001). In summary, there is a different mean age of symptom onset for patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA
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Low LC, Stephenson JB, Bartlett K, Seakins JW, Shaikh SA. Biotin-reversible neurodegenerative disease in infancy. Aust Paediatr J 1986; 22:65-8. [PMID: 3087340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two siblings with consanguineous parents began having myoclonic jerks at age 5 months after introduction of mixed feeding. There was later developmental regression. The elder girl died without diagnosis aged 1 year, after prolonged continuous hyperventilation. The younger sibling did not have metabolic acidosis when first investigated for myoclonus and hypotonia aged 5 months. At 9.5 months, when intermittently decerebrate and hyperventilating, she had a metabolic acidosis with elevated blood lactic, pyruvic and beta-hydroxybutyric acids, and beta-hydroxyisovaleric aciduria. On the assumption that she had beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency she was started on biotin, 10 mg daily. Within 36 h there was dramatic clinical and biochemical improvement. Previously defective eye movement control and gaze became normal, hyperventilation ceased, and excessive organic acid excretion in urine was abolished. She remains on long-term biotin and at age 2 years her development appears normal in all respects. Fibroblast culture however revealed normal quantities of the enzymes beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase. Irrespective of niceties of enzyme and organic acid biochemistry, the clinician must be aware of biotin-reversible regressive brain disease which may present before manifest metabolic acidosis.
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Abstract
Earlier studies reported from this laboratory demonstrated the luteolytic effect of a 5-day sequential regimen of 3 days of estrogen overlapped with 3 days of PGF2 alpha administered during the midluteal phase to cynomolgus monkeys. In this study, a different regimen, containing estrogen, lower doses of PGF2 alpha, and methylergonovine maleate (MEM), was used. Individual components of this modified sequential regimen were not effective as luteolytic agents. When 3 days of estrogen (40 micrograms of depoestradiol cypionate [DEC] on the first day and 40 micrograms of estradiol benzoate [EB] on second and third day) was followed by 3 days of MEM (400 micrograms, twice daily) overlapping 1 day of estrogen treatment, there was a significant shortening of the length of the menstrual cycle (less than 26 days) in eight of 10 animals, with a concomitant decline in plasma levels of progesterone. When a low dose of MEM (100 micrograms, twice daily), which was completely ineffective in shortening cycle lengths with the same estrogen treatment, was administered alternately with PGF2 alpha (5 mg twice daily, 11 of 14 animals had shortened cycles, with an associated decline in levels of progesterone. PGF2 alpha and MEM without the estrogen pretreatment did not have a significant effect on cycle lengths or blood levels of progesterone, thus demonstrating a synergism between estrogen and the other compounds in inducing luteolysis. Since the agents used in these sequential regimens have potent effects on the uterus, the treatments were repeated in hysterectomized monkeys to determine whether the uterus was involved in the mediation of luteolysis. These treatments caused a significant drop in plasma levels of progesterone by the tenth day after the preovulatory estrogen peak, thus demonstrating that the uterus is not essential to the luteolytic action.
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Shaikh AA, Naqvi RH, Shaikh SA. Concentrations of oestradiol-17beta and progesterone in the peripheral plasma of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) in relation to the length of the menstrual cycle and its component phases. J Endocrinol 1978; 79:1-7. [PMID: 101640 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0790001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-three female cynomolgus monkeys were monitored throughout 647 menstrual cycles; 93.2% of these cycles were 22--37 days long and were normally distributed, with a mean of 29.2 days. Menstrual bleeding generally lasted for 3--5 days and was not related to the length of the cycle. The levels of progesterone and oestradiol-17beta in the plasma were measured during the menstrual cycle in 30 monkeys. The concentration of oestradiol-17beta reached a mid-cycle peak on day 11 or 12 of the cycle. The interval between the beginning of the cycle and the oestrogen peak was constant; the interval between the oestrogen peak and the end of the cycle increased or decreased with the cycle length. The level of progesterone began to rise at about the time of the oestrogen peak and remained raised for longer periods as the length of the cycle increased. The length of the menstrual cycle, therefore, appeared to be determined by the duration of the increase in the level of progesterone or by the life of the corpus luteum in the luteal phase. The relationship between the lengths of the cycle and the luteal phase can be defined by the expression: cycle length = 12.6 + 0.96 X length of luteal phase (correlation coefficient = 0.875).
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Shaikh AA, Shaikh SA. Adrenal and ovarian steroid secretion in the rat estrous cycle temporally related to gonadotropins and steroid levels found in peripheral plasma. Endocrinology 1975; 96:37-44. [PMID: 1167355 DOI: 10.1210/endo-96-1-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the patterns of estrogen and progestin secretion by the adrenal and the ovary and to relate these to the levels of steroids and gonadotropins found in peripheral plasma. A total of 70 rats were used in this study. Adrenal venous (ADVB) and ovarian venous blood (OVB) were collected by concurrent cannulation and peripheral blood (PB) was obtained from the abdominal aorta. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), PROGESTERONE (P) and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OHP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of E2 in general was higher in ADVB than in OVB. Although increased levels of E2 in ADVB were found on the afternoon of proestrus (1527-2634 pg/ml), they were not significantly different from those recorded at other times. In contrast E2 in OVB was lowest at 1000-1200 hr of estrus (225 pg/ml) and highest at 1000-2000 hr of proestrus (1190-1605 pg/ml). The E2 in PB followed the pattern seen in OVB; the values ranged from 80-211 pg/ml. P concentration in general was higher in ADVB than in OVB. The lowest concentration of P in ADVB was between 0200-0400 hr of estrus (183 ng/ml) and the highest between 1400-1600 hr of proestrus (580 ng/ml) and 1000-1200 hr of estrus (591 ng/ml). The lowest concentration of P in the OVB was between 1600-1800 hr of diestrus (42 ng/ml) and the highest between 0200-0400 hr of estrus (466 ng/ml). In the PB, P reflected changes in adrenal as well as ovarian secretion; the values ranged fron 7-25 ng/ml. E1 in ADVB was in general lower than in OVB, and there were no significant changes at any stage of the cycle. In the OVB, however, E1 showed a pattern similar to that of E2. Levels of E1 in PB were very low and failed to show any significant changes. 17alpha-OHP was high in ADVB, although there were no significant changes during the cycle; PB levels also did not show any significant changes. In the OVB a peak of 17alpha-OHP was recorded between 0200-0400 hr on the day of estrus. The LH and FSH levels showed increases after 1600 hr on the day of proestrus and this was in agreement with earlier studies. Since the adrenal secretes all of the 4 steroids studied, it is reasonable to assume that it does exert some effect in the pituitary-gonadal axis. A role of adrenal P for the facilitation of the preovulatory LH release has been indicated and the increased secretion of adrenal P between 1400-1600 hr of proestrus supports this possibility.
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Saksena SK, Shaikh SA, Shaikh AA. Uterine and peripheral plasma F-prostaglandins correlated with peripheral progesterone in cyclic rats. Prostaglandins 1973; 4:243-9. [PMID: 4738129 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(73)90042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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