1
|
Thompson RN, Pearson E, McDonough SP, Iannitti H, Van de Walle GR, Banse H, Perkins GA, Tomlinson JE. Equine gamma herpesvirus presence and viral load are not associated with equine glandular gastric disease. Am J Vet Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38484465 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.12.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of equine herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2) and equine herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) in equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) by visualizing and quantifying these gamma herpesviruses in EGGD-affected and normal glandular gastric mucosa of horses. A secondary objective was to describe the histopathological abnormalities in the equine gastric glandular mucosa in horses with EGGD. ANIMALS 29 horses (n = 21 postmortem and 8 gastroscopy) categorized as normal (11), EGGD (12), or both EGGD and equine squamous gastric disease (6). METHODS Glandular gastric mucosal samples were collected from horses by gastroscopy or postmortem. Histopathology and in situ hybridization targeting EHV-2 and EHV-5 were performed on grossly normal and abnormal glandular gastric mucosa. The number of in situ hybridization-positive cells per millimeter squared of tissue was calculated. Evaluators were blinded to groups. RESULTS Glandular gastric tissues from horses without EGGD had higher viral loads in the mucosa than normal or abnormal tissues from EGGD horses. There was no difference in viral loads for EHV-2 or EHV-5 between grossly or endoscopically normal to abnormal gastric tissues within horses with EGGD. Lymphocytic plasmacytic gastritis was the most common histopathological abnormality, with only 3 horses having mucosal disruption (glandular ulcer or erosion). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Equine gamma herpesviruses are unlikely to play a role in the pathophysiology of EGGD. EGGD is frequently inflammatory with occasional mucosal disruption (ulcer or erosion).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Pearson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Population Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | - Heidi Banse
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JJ, Abdullah M, Liu J, Carvalho IA, Junior AS, Moreira MAS, Mohammed H, DeLisa MP, McDonough SP, Chang YF. Proteomic profiling of membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Navigating towards an insilico design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting membrane vesicle proteins. J Proteomics 2024; 292:105058. [PMID: 38065354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria typically produce membrane vesicles (MVs) at varying levels depending on the surrounding environments. Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively studied for over 30 years, but MVs from Gram-positive bacteria only recently have been a focus of research. In the present study, we isolated MVs from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and analyzed their protein composition using LC-MS/MS. A total of 316 overlapping proteins from two independent preparations were identified in our study, and topology prediction showed these cargo proteins have different subcellular localization patterns. When MVs were administered to bovine-derived macrophages, significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed via qRT-PCR. Proteome functional annotation revealed that many of these proteins are involved in the cellular protein metabolic process, tRNA aminoacylation, and ATP synthesis. Secretory proteins with high antigenicity and adhesion capability were mapped for B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Antigenic, Immunogenic and IFN-γ inducing B-cell, MHC-I, and MHC-II epitopes were stitched together through linkers to form multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) construct against MAP. Strong binding energy was observed during the docking of the 3D structure of the MEV with the bovine TLR2, suggesting that the putative MEV may be a promising vaccine candidate against MAP. However, in vitro and in vivo analysis is required to prove the immunogenic concept of the MEV which we will follow in our future studies. SIGNIFICANCE: Johne's disease is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that has a potential link to Crohn's disease in humans. The disease is characterized by persistent diarrhea and enteritis, resulting in significant economic losses due to reduced milk yield and premature culling of infected animals. The dairy industry in the United States alone experiences losses of approximately USD 250 million due to Johne's disease. The current vaccine against Johne's disease is limited by several factors, including variable efficacy, limited duration of protection, interference with diagnostic tests, inability to prevent infection, and logistical and cost-related challenges. Nevertheless, a multiepitope vaccine design approach targeting M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis has the potential to overcome these challenges and offer improved protection against Johne's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lee
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Mohd Abdullah
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Isabel Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Abelardo Silva Junior
- Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | - Hussni Mohammed
- Departement of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ledbetter EC, Capistrano da Silva E, Dong L, McDonough SP. Experimental Induction of Acute Acanthamoeba castellanii Keratitis in Cats. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37566398 PMCID: PMC10424800 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a feline model of acute Acanthamoeba keratitis using methods that replicate natural routes of infection transmission. Methods Corneal Acanthamoeba castellanii inoculation was performed by three methods: topical inoculation with Acanthamoeba solution following corneal abrasion, placement of a contaminated contact lens for 7 days, and placement of a contaminated contact lens for 7 days following corneal abrasion. Sham inoculations with parasite-free medium and sterile contact lenses were also performed. Cats were monitored by ocular examination and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy for 21 days post-inoculation. Corneal samples were collected at intervals for microbiologic assessment, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Results All cats in the corneal abrasion groups developed clinical keratitis. Clinical ocular disease was inconsistently detected in cats from the contaminated contact lens only group. Initial corneal lesions were characterized by multifocal epithelial leukocyte infiltrates. Ocular lesions progressed to corneal epithelial ulceration and diffuse stromal inflammation. After 14 days, corneal ulcerations resolved, and stromal inflammation consolidated into multifocal subepithelial and stromal infiltrates. Corneal amoebae were detected by culture, in vivo confocal microscopy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in cats with keratitis. Neutrophilic and lymphocytic keratoconjunctivitis with lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis were identified by histopathology. Coinfection with aerobic bacteria was detected in some, but not all, cats with keratitis. Ocular disease was not detected in the sham inoculation groups. Conclusions Feline Acanthamoeba keratitis is experimentally transmissible by contaminated contact lenses and topical inoculation following corneal epithelial trauma. Translational Relevance Experimentally induced acute Acanthamoeba keratitis in cats is clinically and histopathologically similar to its human counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Longying Dong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noordwijk KJ, Chen L, Ruspi BD, Schurer S, Papa B, Fasanello DC, McDonough SP, Palmer SE, Porter IR, Basran PS, Donnelly E, Reesink HL. Metacarpophalangeal Joint Pathology and Bone Mineral Density Increase with Exercise but Not with Incidence of Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture in Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050827. [PMID: 36899684 PMCID: PMC10000193 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) fracture is the leading cause of fatal musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in Hong Kong and the US. Efforts are underway to investigate diagnostic modalities that could help identify racehorses at increased risk of fracture; however, features associated with PSB fracture risk are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate third metacarpal (MC3) and PSB density and mineral content using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT), Raman spectroscopy, and ash fraction measurements, and (2) investigate PSB quality and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) pathology using Raman spectroscopy and CT. Forelimbs were collected from 29 Thoroughbred racehorse cadavers (n = 14 PSB fracture, n = 15 control) for DXA and CT imaging, and PSBs were sectioned for Raman spectroscopy and ash fraction measurements. Bone mineral density (BMD) was greater in MC3 condyles and PSBs of horses with more high-speed furlongs. MCPJ pathology, including palmar osteochondral disease (POD), MC3 condylar sclerosis, and MC3 subchondral lysis were greater in horses with more high-speed furlongs. There were no differences in BMD or Raman parameters between fracture and control groups; however, Raman spectroscopy and ash fraction measurements revealed regional differences in PSB BMD and tissue composition. Many parameters, including MC3 and PSB bone mineral density, were strongly correlated with total high-speed furlongs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira J. Noordwijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leyi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bianca D. Ruspi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sydney Schurer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brittany Papa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Diana C. Fasanello
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott E. Palmer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ian R. Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Parminder S. Basran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (H.L.R.)
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (H.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prapong S, Tansiri Y, Sritrakul T, Sripattanakul S, Sopitthummakhun A, Katzenmeier G, Hsieh CL, McDonough SP, Prapong T, Chang YF. Leptospira borgpetersenii Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Provide Strong Protective Efficacy as Novel Leptospiral Vaccine Candidates. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 8:tropicalmed8010006. [PMID: 36668913 PMCID: PMC9863753 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins are advocated for being assessed in vaccine development. Leptospiral LRR proteins were identified recently in silico from the genome of Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe, the seroprevalence of leptospiral infections of cattle in Thailand. Two LRR recombinant proteins, rKU_Sej_LRR_2012M (2012) and rhKU_Sej_LRR_2271 (2271), containing predicted immunogenic epitopes, were investigated for their cross-protective efficacies in an acute leptospirosis model with heterologous Leptospira serovar Pomona, though, strains from serogroup Sejroe are host-adapted to bovine, leading to chronic disease. Since serovar Pomona is frequently reported as seropositive in cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and dogs in Thailand and causes acute and severe leptospirosis in cattle by incidental infection, the serogroup Sejroe LRR proteins were evaluated for their cross-protective immunity. The protective efficacies were 37.5%, 50.0%, and 75.0% based on the survival rate for the control, 2012, and 2271 groups, respectively. Sera from 2012-immunized hamsters showed weak bactericidal action compared to sera from 2271-immunized hamsters (p < 0.05). Therefore, bacterial tissue clearances, inflammatory responses, and humoral and cell-mediated immune (HMI and CMI) responses were evaluated only in 2271-immunized hamsters challenged with virulent L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The 2271 protein induced prompt humoral immune responses (p < 0.05) and leptospiral tissue clearance, reducing tissue inflammation in immunized hamsters. In addition, protein 2271 and its immunogenic peptides stimulated splenocyte lymphoproliferation and stimulated both HMI and CMI responses by activating Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression in vaccinated hamsters. Our data suggest that the immunogenic potential renders rhKU_Sej_LRR_2271 protein a promising candidate for the development of a novel cross-protective vaccine against animal leptospirosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Prapong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-871-264-148
| | - Yada Tansiri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Tepyuda Sritrakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Sineenat Sripattanakul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Aukkrimapann Sopitthummakhun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chin-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Teerasak Prapong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McDonough SP, Scrivani PV, Gendron K, Tse M. Mediastinal Serous Cavity Mesothelioma in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:194-202. [PMID: 35793490 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mediastinal serous cavity (MSC)-well documented but seldom recognized in the caudal mediastinum-is embryologically derived from the omental bursa. Mesothelioma arising from the MSC in two dogs is described. Both dogs presented with acute life-threatening hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Contrast computed tomography revealed a large solitary spherical-to-cylindrical tumor in the caudal mediastinum with variably thick, contrast-enhancing walls with lobular to frond-like proliferations that arose circumferentially and projected internally into a single, variably sized, fluid-attenuating lumen. The wall and lumen corresponded to the serous membrane and serous cavity of the MSC. Surgical exploration confirmed that both tumors arose from the mediastinum. Both had similar histologic findings, and special stains were necessary for definitive diagnosis. The tumor was nonresectable in one dog, and it was euthanized intraoperatively. The other survived 7 mo. An MSC mesothelioma should be considered a possible cause of hemothorax in dogs that may be detected on thoracic radiography and computed tomography. Differential diagnoses include esophageal foreign body or neoplasm, paraesophageal diaphragmatic hernia, MCS empyema, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma, with thoracic computed tomography helping to rule out foreign body and diaphragmatic hernia. For confirmed neoplasms, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry should be performed to differentiate between mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McDonough
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Peter V Scrivani
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (P.V.S.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Karine Gendron
- From the Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (K.G.)
| | - May Tse
- From the City University Diagnostic Laboratory, Lowloon, Hong Kong (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luedke LK, Ilevbare P, Noordwijk KJ, Palomino PM, McDonough SP, Palmer SE, Basran PS, Donnelly E, Reesink HL. Proximal sesamoid bone microdamage is localized to articular subchondral regions in Thoroughbred racehorses, with similar fracture toughness between fracture and controls. Vet Surg 2022; 51:952-962. [PMID: 35672916 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) microdamage and fracture toughness differ between Thoroughbred racehorses sustaining PSB fracture and controls. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric case-control. ANIMALS Twenty-four Thoroughbred racehorses (n = 12 PSB fracture, n = 12 control). METHODS Proximal sesamoid bones were dissected, and gross pathological changes and morphological measurements were documented. High-speed exercise history data were evaluated. Microdamage was assessed in fracture, fracture-contralateral limb (FXCL) and control PSBs using whole bone lead uranyl acetate (LUA) staining with micro-CT imaging or basic fuchsin histological analysis. Fracture toughness mechanical testing was carried out in 3-point-bending of microbeams created from PSB flexor cortices. Data were analyzed using ordinal logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS Microdamage was detected most commonly in the articular subchondral region of PSBs via LUA micro-CT and basic fuchsin histology. There were no differences in microdamage between FXCL and control PSBs. Fracture toughness values were similar for FXCL (1.31 MPa√m) and control (1.35 MPa√m) PSBs. Exercise histories were similar except that horses sustaining fracture spent a greater percentage of their careers in rest weeks. CONCLUSION Microdamage was detected in the articular region of PSBs but was not greater in horses sustaining catastrophic PSB fracture. Fracture toughness of PSB flexor cortices did not differ between FXCL and control PSBs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although uncommon, microdamage is localized to the articular region of Thoroughbred racehorse PSBs. Catastrophic PSB failure is not associated with lower PSB flexor cortex fracture toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Luedke
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Phoebe Ilevbare
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kira J Noordwijk
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pablo M Palomino
- Cornell University College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott E Palmer
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Parminder S Basran
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Cornell University College of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Center SA, Randolph JF, Warner KL, McDonough SP, Lucy JM, Sapa KC. Bacterial culture and immunohistochemical detection of bacteria and endotoxin in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 260:194-211. [PMID: 34936576 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.10.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the frequency and type of bacterial infection by culture- and immunohistochemical (IHC)-based methods and determine the impact of infection on clinical features and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome (S-CCHS). ANIMALS 168 client-owned cats with S-CCHS (cases). PROCEDURES Clinical features, bacterial culture results, culture-inoculate sources, and survival details were recorded. Cases were subcategorized by comorbidity (extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, ductal plate malformation, biopsy-confirmed inflammatory bowel disease, and biopsy-confirmed pancreatitis) or treatment by cholecystectomy or cholecystoenterostomy. Culture results, bacterial isolates, Gram-stain characteristics, and IHC staining were compared among comorbidities. Lipoteichoic acid IHC staining detected gram-positive bacterial cell wall components, and toll-like receptor expression IHC reflected pathologic endotoxin (gram-negative bacteria) exposure. RESULTS Clinical features were similar among cases except for more frequent abdominal pain and lethargy in cats with positive culture results and pyrexia, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly for cats with polymicrobial infections. Bacteria were cultured in 93 of 135 (69%) cats, with common isolates including Enterococcus spp and Escherichia coli. IHC staining was positive in 142 of 151 (94%) cats (lipoteichoic acid, 107/142 [75%]; toll-like receptor 4, 99/142 [70%]). With in-parallel interpretation of culture and IHC-based bacterial detection, 154 of 166 (93%) cats had bacterial infections (gram-positive, 118/154 [77%]; gram-negative, 111/154 [72%]; polymicrobial, 79/154 [51%]). Greater frequency of bacterial isolation occurred with combined tissue, bile, and crushed cholelith inoculates. Infection and gram-positive bacterial isolates were associated with significantly shorter long-term survival times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE S-CCHS was associated with bacterial infection, pathologic endotoxin exposure, and frequent polymicrobial infection in cats. Combined tissue inoculates improved culture detection of associated bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Center
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - John F Randolph
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Karen L Warner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Kirk C Sapa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomlinson JE, Wolfisberg R, Fahnøe U, Patel RS, Trivedi S, Kumar A, Sharma H, Nielsen L, McDonough SP, Bukh J, Tennant BC, Kapoor A, Rosenberg BR, Rice CM, Divers TJ, Van de Walle GR, Scheel TK. Pathogenesis, MicroRNA-122 Gene-Regulation, and Protective Immune Responses After Acute Equine Hepacivirus Infection. Hepatology 2021; 74:1148-1163. [PMID: 33713356 PMCID: PMC8435542 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Equine hepacivirus (EqHV) is phylogenetically the closest relative of HCV and shares genome organization, hepatotropism, transient or persistent infection outcome, and the ability to cause hepatitis. Thus, EqHV studies are important to understand equine liver disease and further as an outbred surrogate animal model for HCV pathogenesis and protective immune responses. Here, we aimed to characterize the course of EqHV infection and associated protective immune responses. APPROACH AND RESULTS Seven horses were experimentally inoculated with EqHV, monitored for 6 months, and rechallenged with the same and, subsequently, a heterologous EqHV. Clearance was the primary outcome (6 of 7) and was associated with subclinical hepatitis characterized by lymphocytic infiltrate and individual hepatocyte necrosis. Seroconversion was delayed and antibody titers waned slowly. Clearance of primary infection conferred nonsterilizing immunity, resulting in shortened duration of viremia after rechallenge. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses in horses were minimal, although EqHV-specific T cells were identified. Additionally, an interferon-stimulated gene signature was detected in the liver during EqHV infection, similar to acute HCV in humans. EqHV, as HCV, is stimulated by direct binding of the liver-specific microRNA (miR), miR-122. Interestingly, we found that EqHV infection sequesters enough miR-122 to functionally affect gene regulation in the liver. This RNA-based mechanism thus could have consequences for pathology. CONCLUSIONS EqHV infection in horses typically has an acute resolving course, and the protective immune response lasts for at least a year and broadly attenuates subsequent infections. This could have important implications to achieve the primary goal of an HCV vaccine; to prevent chronicity while accepting acute resolving infection after virus exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | - Raphael Wolfisberg
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Sheetal Trivedi
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunityResearch Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunityResearch Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunityResearch Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Louise Nielsen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bud C. Tennant
- Department of Clinical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | - Amit Kapoor
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunityResearch Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious DiseaseThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Thomas J. Divers
- Department of Clinical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | | | - Troels K.H. Scheel
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO‐HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark,Laboratory of Virology and Infectious DiseaseThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cresswell EN, Ruspi BD, Wollman CW, Peal BT, Deng S, Toler AB, McDonough SP, Palmer SE, Reesink HL. Determination of correlation of proximal sesamoid bone osteoarthritis with high-speed furlong exercise and catastrophic sesamoid bone fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:467-477. [PMID: 34032482 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) articular cartilage and bone osteoarthritic changes or palmar osteochondral disease (POD) scores were associated with exercise history and catastrophic PSB fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses. SAMPLES PSBs from 16 Thoroughbred racehorses (8 with and 8 without PSB fracture). PROCEDURES Exercise history was collected, and total career high-speed furlongs was used as the measure of total exercise per horse. At necropsy, medial and lateral condyles of the third metacarpus from each forelimb were assigned a POD score, followed by imaging with micro-CT for evaluation of osteophyte size. Three investigators that were blinded to the type of PSB (fracture or no fracture) used the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system to evaluate acellularity, chondrocyte necrosis, cartilage fibrillation, chondrone formation, safranin O stain uptake, and tidemark advancement of 1 central sagittal tissue section/PSB (4 PSBs/horse). Cartilage thickness and bone necrosis were scored on the basis of histologic examination. RESULTS POD score, osteophyte size score, percentage of bone necrosis, tidemark advancement, chondrone formation, and total OARSI score were greater in horses with more accrued total career high-speed furlongs. Scores for POD, osteophyte size, fibrillation, acellularity, chondrone formation, and total OARSI were greater for horses with PSB fracture. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL REVELANCE OARSI scoring revealed that more advanced osteoarthritic changes strongly correlated with total career high-speed furlongs and PSB fracture. However, the effect of exercise was dominant, suggesting that exercise history will be important to include in future models that aim to assess risk factors for catastrophic PSB fracture.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ellington-Lawrence RD, Wu TK, McDonough SP, Jagne J. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:1087-1090. [PMID: 33944594 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.10.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat with chronic anterior uveitis and secondary glaucoma of the right eye was examined for persistent blepharospasm 2 weeks after corneal debridement and grid keratotomy for nonhealing superficial ulcerative keratitis. CLINICAL FINDINGS Examination of the right eye revealed a central superficial corneal ulcer associated with corneal epithelial and subepithelial infiltrates and mild aqueous flare. Structures consistent with amoeboid cysts and trophozoites were detected in the cornea by in vivo confocal microscopy. Suppurative keratitis was identified cytologically. An Acanthamoeba spp was isolated through culture and identified by a PCR assay of corneal specimens. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Symptomatic and antiamoebic (polyhexamethylene biguanide 0.02% ophthalmic solution) treatments were instituted. Over the following 6 weeks, the cat lost vision in the affected eye and lesions progressed to nonulcerative stromal keratitis associated with a dense paracentral corneal stroma ring infiltrate and anterior lens luxation. The globe was enucleated, and lymphoplasmacytic sclerokeratitis, anterior uveitis, and retinal detachment were noted. Acanthamoeba organisms were detected within the corneal stroma and anterior sclera with histologic and immunohistochemical stains. The amoebae were classified to the Acanthamoeba T4 genotype by DNA sequencing. The cat had no medical problems attributed to Acanthamoeba infection over 36 months after enucleation, until the cat was lost to follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Naturally acquired Acanthamoeba sclerokeratitis is described in a cat for the first time. Acanthamoeba infection should be considered for cats with superficial corneal disease refractory to appropriate treatments and especially occurring after ocular trauma, including keratotomy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zilch TJ, Lee JJ, Saleem MZ, Zhang H, Cortese V, Voris N, McDonough SP, Divers TJ, Chang YF. Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses. Equine Vet J 2021; 53:845-854. [PMID: 33617667 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available about experimental inoculation of leptospirosis in horses and the pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in this host. OBJECTIVES To determine the serological, clinical, pathological and haematological responses of horses to L. interrogans serovar Bratislava strain PigK151. STUDY DESIGN Randomised controlled in vivo experiment. METHODS Ten seronegative female foals were divided into 2 groups, control (n = 4) and challenged (n = 6). The challenged group received 1 × 109 leptospires divided equally between topical ocular and intraperitoneal injections. Blood and urine samples were analysed. The temperature was recorded daily for the first 9 days, then weekly. Sera were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Automated complete blood count, differential and chemistry panel were performed. Histopathological analysis was performed on sections of liver, kidney, urinary bladder, uterine body and pineal gland. Sample culturing was performed from blood, urine, liver, kidney, reproductive tract and vitreous humour. RESULTS No pyrexia was noted. PCR and culture were negative from all samples. Differences between groups were found in CBC, differential counts and serum biochemistry panel (or profile), suggesting that leptospiral challenge triggered an inflammatory response. No evidence of leptospirosis was found from histopathological analysis. All challenged foals developed a humoral response. The MAT allowed the confirmation of the infecting serovar at a later stage, but it also revealed cross-reactive results that were further explained by genomic analysis. MAIN LIMITATIONS This experimental challenge had two main limitations: (a) the results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used and (b) the use of another route of infection and a higher bacterial dose might have achieved colonisation. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, it may suggest that L. interrogans serovar Bratislava is neither pathogenic nor host-adapted serovar for horses, although these results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used instead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Zilch
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Jie Lee
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Zain Saleem
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guanfzhou, China
| | | | | | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shiprack C, Miranda IC, McDonough SP, Stokol T. What is your diagnosis? Impression smear from a liver mass in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:290-292. [PMID: 33682944 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Shiprack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ileana C Miranda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cochran L, Hill S, Lotti U, Allenspach K, Palma D, Forman M, Gary AT, Dogan B, McDonough SP, Simpson KW. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of E. coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs: five cases (2010-2014). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:588-598. [PMID: 33660270 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records from dogs with periodic acid-Schiff positive (PAS+) granulomatous ileocolitis and mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum and colon. Initial bacterial colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in all dogs and corroborated with colonic and/or ileal culture, when performed. RESULTS Four boxer dogs and 1 French Bulldog with PAS+ granulomatous ileocolitis (GIC) were evaluated. All dogs had chronic diarrhoea refractory to empirical therapy. Ileocolonoscopy revealed mucosal haemorrhage and ulceration in the ileum (3/4) and colon (5/5). E. coli were visualised as clusters within the ileal and colonic mucosa. Complete (CR, 4/5) or partial (PR, 1/5) clinical response to fluoroquinolones was noted in all dogs within 30 days. CR was sustained in three of four dogs (median disease-free interval 40 months, range 16 to 60). Two dogs relapsed while receiving fluoroquinolones. Repeat biopsy isolated multidrug-resistant, mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum (1/2) and colon (2/2). Targeted antimicrobial therapy was associated with long-term PR (78 months) in both dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Concurrent E. coli-associated granulomatous inflammation in the ileum and colon did not impart a poor clinical outcome or lack of response to the conventional standard of care for granulomatous colitis in dogs that were aggressively diagnosed and treated. Clinical outcome was influenced by antimicrobial resistance, with response dependent upon antimicrobial therapy informed by susceptibility testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cochran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego by Ethos, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - S Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - U Lotti
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole Srl, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - K Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011-1134, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - M Forman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, 06902, USA
| | - A T Gary
- Arkansas Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2150 Bypass Road, Heber Springs, Arkansas, 72543, USA
| | - B Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, T8 008A Veterinary Research Tower, Box 17 Ithaca, New York, 14853-6401, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stern AW, McEwen B, McDonough SP, Viner T, Brooks JW, Kagan R, Brower A. Veterinary forensic pathology standards. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1176. [PMID: 33576495 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Stern
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Beverly McEwen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tabitha Viner
- National Forensics Laboratory, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland, OR, USA
| | - Jason W Brooks
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kagan
- National Forensics Laboratory, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland, OR, USA
| | - Alexandra Brower
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Macho LP, Center SA, Randolph JF, Dumars LA, Rush SE, Cameron MK, Lucy JM, Hall-Fonte DL, McDonough SP, Peters-Kennedy J, Marinoff J, Harrison J, Sabatino B, Deitz K. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and hepatic histopathologic features associated with probable ketoconazole-induced liver injury in dogs: 15 cases (2015-2018). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:1245-1256. [PMID: 32412870 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.11.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical, clinicopathologic, and hepatic histopathologic features and outcome for dogs with probable ketoconazole-induced liver injury. ANIMALS 15 dogs with suspected ketoconazole-induced liver injury that underwent liver biopsy. PROCEDURES Medical record data were summarized regarding signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and hepatic histopathologic findings, concurrent medications, ketoconazole dose, treatment duration, and outcome. RESULTS Median age and body weight were 8.2 years (range, 5 to 15 years) and 13.0 kg (28.6 lb; range, 8.2 to 38.0 kg [18.0 to 83.6 lb]), respectively. The most common breed was Cocker Spaniel (n = 5). All dogs received ketoconazole to treat cutaneous Malassezia infections. Median daily ketoconazole dose was 7.8 mg/kg (3.5 mg/lb; range, 4.4 to 26.0 mg/kg [2.0 to 11.8 mg/lb]), PO. Treatment duration ranged from 0.3 to 100 cumulative weeks (intermittent cyclic administration in some dogs); 6 dogs were treated for ≤ 10 days. Common clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. All dogs developed high serum liver enzyme activities. Hepatic histopathologic findings included variable lobular injury, mixed inflammatory infiltrates, and conspicuous aggregates of ceroid-lipofuscin-engorged macrophages that marked regions of parenchymal damage. Five dogs developed chronic hepatitis, including 3 with pyogranulomatous inflammation. Of the 10 dogs reported to have died at last follow-up, survival time after illness onset ranged from 0.5 to 165 weeks, with 7 dogs dying of liver-related causes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings for dogs with hepatotoxicosis circumstantially associated with ketoconazole treatment suggested proactive monitoring of serum liver enzyme activities is advisable before and sequentially after initiation of such treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zilch TJ, Lee JJ, Bressan GC, McDonough SP, Mohammed HO, Divers TJ, Chang YF. Evaluation of new leptospiral antigens for the diagnosis of equine leptospirosis: An approach using pan-genomic analysis, reverse vaccinology and antigenic selection. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:1025-1035. [PMID: 33135163 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current gold standard diagnostic test for leptospirosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which has many drawbacks; therefore, the development of a better and easier serological test for leptospirosis is needed. OBJECTIVES To apply reverse vaccinology (RV) and antigenic selection on the assortment of leptospiral targets and evaluate their potential for use as reagents for the diagnosis of equine leptospirosis. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The antigenic selection parameters were: proteins with antigenicity score ≥0.5 (VaxiJen), at least one B cell epitope and size between 10 and 275 KDa. New leptospiral proteins were cloned, expressed and serologically screened against equine sera (n = 128) on a single analysis and comparative combinations. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. A BLAST with nucleotide and protein sequences was used to identify the serovar or species specificity. MAIN LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional analysis had three main limitations: (a) The equine sera used in these tests were limited to sera submitted to the Animal Health Diagnosis Center and were only tested against seven serovars; (b) MAT results were considered being 'perfect', and the highest titre presented was considered being the infecting serovar, which may not hold true; (c) The strains used to represent the serovars and the limited number of different serovars and species included in the genetic analysis, which leads to the possibility that these proteins might be present in different species or serovars that perhaps would be seroprevalent in another geographic region. CONCLUSIONS The new leptospiral antigens described in this research could increase the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detection of Leptospira exposure and the detection of leptospirosis in horses along with support from other clinical signs. Some of these new antigens might be used to improve the detection of infecting serovar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Zilch
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jen-Jie Lee
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gustavo C Bressan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hussni O Mohammed
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Q, Chiu A, Wang L, An D, Li W, Chen EY, Zhang Y, Pardo Y, McDonough SP, Liu L, Liu WF, Chen J, Ma M. Developing mechanically robust, triazole-zwitterionic hydrogels to mitigate foreign body response (FBR) for islet encapsulation. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
20
|
Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Mehmood K, Liu J, McDonough SP, Tang Z, Chang YF. Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007-2018: A retrospective observational study. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:1119-1128. [PMID: 31765064 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most common and neglected tropical waterborne diseases in China, causing serious economic losses, and constituting a significant public health threat. Leptospirosis has recently received increased attention and is considered a re-emerging infectious disease in many countries. The incidence of leptospirosis among people suggests that occupation, age, season, sex and water recreational activities are significant risk factors. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profiles of leptospirosis in China during the 2007-2018 period. The morbidity data of leptospirosis by age, season (month), gender, occupation and geographic location (different provinces) were obtained from the public health science data centre of China for subsequent epidemiological analysis. The results indicate that the incidence of leptospirosis has shown a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2018, but morbidity rates were still relatively high (0.0660-0.0113). The incidence of leptospirosis varied in different provinces of China; cases localized mainly to the Southern and Central provinces, areas with warm weather and ample rainfall. Older people (aged 60-75), males, farmers, students and field workers were high-risk populations. During the 2007-2018 observation period, morbidity rates increased beginning in May, remained at high levels in August and September and decreased after November. The present investigation highlights the re-emergence of leptospirosis in some provinces of China (especially in Yunnan and Fujian) and shows that leptospirosis remains a serious public health threat. The results of this study should enhance measures taken for the prevention, control, and surveillance of leptospirosis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cuicai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zinicola M, Batista CP, Bringhenti L, Meira EBS, Lima FS, McDonough SP, Bicalho RC. Effects of recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (rbIL-8) treatment on health, metabolism, and lactation performance in Holstein cattle IV: Insulin resistance, dry matter intake, and blood parameters. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10340-10359. [PMID: 31495618 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown in 2 independent studies that cows who received recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (rbIL-8) administered intrauterinely shortly after parturition have a significant and long-lasting increase in milk yield. In the present study, we hypothesized that the increased milk production associated with rbIL-8 treatment is a consequence of increased postpartum dry matter intake (DMI) and orchestrated homeorhetic changes that prioritize milk production. Cows were enrolled into 1 of 3 treatment groups: those assigned to the control group (CTR; n = 70) received an intrauterine (IU) administration of 500 mL of Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) solution and 1 mL of DPBS solution intravenously (IV; jugular vein), those assigned to the rbIL-8 IV group (rbIL8-IV, n = 70) received an IV injection of 167 μg of rbIL-8 and 500 mL of DPBS solution IU, and cows assigned to the rbIL-8 IU group (rbIL8-IU, n = 70) received an IU administration with 1,195 μg of rbIL-8 diluted in 499.5 mL of DPBS solution and 1 mL of DPBS solution IV. Animals were housed in a tiestall from calving to 30 d in milk (DIM) to measure DMI. Blood samples were collected daily from calving to 7 DIM and weekly until 28 DIM. Insulin resistance was evaluated using an intravenous glucose tolerance test and intravenous insulin challenge test (IVICT) in a subgroup of cows (n = 20/treatment) at 10 and 11 DIM, respectively. Additionally, liver biopsy samples were taken at 14 DIM from the same subgroup of cows to measure triglyceride levels and cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cows treated with rbIL8-IU produced more milk (CTR = 36.9 ± 1.5; rbIL8-IU = 38.5 ± 1.5; rbIL8-IV = 36.6 ± 1.5 kg/d), energy-corrected milk (CTR = 42.9 ± 0.9; rbIL8-IU = 46.1 ± 0.8; rbIL8-IV = 43.7 ± 0.9 kg/d), and fat-corrected milk (CTR = 44.3 ± 0.9; rbIL8-IU = 47.8 ± 0.9; rbIL8-IV = 45.2 ± 0.9 kg/d) yields when compared with CTR cows, and no differences were observed between rbIL8-IV and CTR cows. The administration of rbIL8-IU significantly increased DMI compared with CTR (CTR = 18.8 ± 0.3; rbIL8-IU = 19.9 ± 0.3; rbIL8-IV = 19.3 ± 0.3 kg/d). Recombinant bIL-8 treatment did not affect glucose, insulin, or fatty acids (i.e., IVICT only) concentrations or their area under the curve in response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test and IVICT when compared with CTR. Moreover, rbIL-8 treatment administered IU or IV increased liver triglyceride levels. Additionally, cows treated with rbIL8-IU tended to have lower odds of developing hyperketonemia (odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.19 to 1.10), lower odds of clinical ketosis and displaced abomasum combined (odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.89), and lower odds of diseases combined (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.21 to 0.86) when compared with CTR. We conclude that the administration of rbIL8-IU increases DMI, milk production, fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk while improving overall health during the postpartum period. This study supports the use of rbIL-8 administered IU shortly after calving to improve health and production responses in lactating cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zinicola
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - C P Batista
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - L Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - E B S Meira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61802
| | - S P McDonough
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He M, Sun L, Fu X, McDonough SP, Chu CC. Biodegradable amino acid-based poly(ester amine) with tunable immunomodulating properties and their in vitro and in vivo wound healing studies in diabetic rats' wounds. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:114-132. [PMID: 30508656 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to design a new family of biodegradable synthetic polymeric biomaterials for providing a tunable inhibition of macrophage's nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. l-Arginine (Arg) is the common substrate for NOS and arginase. Both two metabolic pathways participate in the wound healing process. An impaired wound healing, such as diabetic or other chronic wounds is usually associated with an overproduction of NO by macrophages via the NOS pathway. In this study, a new family of l-nitroarginine (NOArg) based polyester amide (NOArg-PEA) and NOArg-Arg PEA copolymers (co-PEA) were designed and synthesized with different composition ratios. The NOArg-PEA and NOArg-Arg co-PEAs are biodegradable (more than 50% degradation in vitro in 4 days at 37 °C), biocompatible and did not activate the resting macrophage immune response per se. When classically activated or alternatively activated macrophages (CAM/AAM) were incubated with NOArg-PEA and NOArg-Arg co-PEAs, the treatments decreased the NO production of CAM, increased the arginase activity in both CAM and AAM, increased TGF-β1 production of CAM to various degrees and had no significant effect on TNF-α production. Diabetic rat models were used to evaluate the efficacy of NOArg-PEA and NOArg-Arg co-PEAs on wound healing. Diabetic rats treated with 2-NOArg-4 PEA, 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 20/80, and 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 50/50 biomaterials achieved 40%-80% faster-wound healing when compared with the control on day 7. The data from the histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 20/80 and 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 50/50 treatments led to more AAM phenotypes (CD206) and arginase I production in wound tissue than the control during the first 7 days, i.e., suggesting pro-healing wound microenvironment with improved re-epithelialization of wound healing. A similar trend was retained until day 14. The 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 20/80 and 2-NOArg-4-Arg-4 50/50 treatments also increased the collagen deposition and angiogenesis in the healing wound between day 7 and day 14. Both in vitro and in vivo data of this study showed that this new family of NOArg-Arg co-PEA biomaterials have the potential as viable alternatives for treating impaired wound healing, such as diabetic or other types of chronic wounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic or other chronic wounds is usually associated with an overproduction of NO and pro-inflammatory signals by macrophages. Arginine supplement or NOS inhibitors administration failed to achieve an expected improved wound healing because of the dynamic complexity of arginine catabolism, the difficulty in transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-healing, and the short-term efficacy. We designed and synthesized a new family of water-soluble and degradable nitroarginine-arginine polyester amides to rebalance NOS/arginase metabolism pathways of macrophages. They showed tunable immunomodulating properties in vitro. The in vivo studies were performed to evaluate their efficacy in accelerating the healing. These new biomaterials have the potential as viable alternatives for treating impaired wound healing. The general audience of Acta Biomaterialia should be interested in these findings.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chandler AM, Center SA, Randolph JF, Davignon DL, McDonough SP, Warner KL. Reference limits for hepatic bile duct-to-arteriole and bile duct-to-portal tract ratios in healthy cats. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:15-23. [PMID: 30605040 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reference limits for hepatic bile duct-to-arteriole ratio (BD:A) and bile duct-to-portal tract ratio (BD:PT) in healthy cats and assess whether these parameters could be used to support a diagnosis of biliary ductopenia in cats. SAMPLE Hepatic biopsy samples from healthy cats (n = 20) and cats with ductopenia (2). PROCEDURES Hepatic biopsy samples from healthy cats were used to count the number of bile ducts and hepatic arterioles in 20 portal tracts for each cat. Mean BD:A and mean BD:PT for each cat were calculated, and these values were used to determine reference limits for mean BD:A and mean BD:PT. Results of histologic evaluation, including immunohistochemical staining in some instances, were compared for healthy cats versus cats with ductopenia. RESULTS Of the 400 portal tracts from healthy cats, 382 (95.5%) and 396 (99.0%) had BD:A and BD:PT, respectively, ≥ 1.0, with less variability in BD:A. Mean BD:A and BD:PT were markedly lower in both cats with ductopenia, compared with values for healthy cats. However, only mean BD:A for cats with ductopenia was below the reference limit of 0.59. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that systematic evaluation of BD:A, with a lower reference limit of 0.59 to define biliary ductopenia in cats, may be a discrete and easily applied morphometric tool to enhance detection of ductopenia in cats. However, application of this ratio required evaluation of ≥ 20 portal tracts with cross-sectioned portal elements to determine a mean BD:A value.
Collapse
|
24
|
Porter IR, Pownder SL, McDonough SP, Potter HG, Hayashi K. Nonarticular osseous cyst-like lesions of the intermedioradial carpal bone may be incidental magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:715-720. [PMID: 30395383 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) becomes more readily available and more frequently utilized in the assessment of canine carpal lameness, both normal variations and early pathologic conditions must be recognized to optimize patient care and provide accurate diagnosis. On cross sectional studies of the canine carpus, cyst-like lesions have been detected at the dorsolateral aspect of the intermedioradial carpal bone. The cross-sectional imaging and histologic properties of these lesions have not been described. The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the MRI and histologic features of these cyst-like lesions in a cohort of clinically sound dogs. It was hypothesized that the lesions would show features similar to intraosseous ganglion cysts of the human wrist. Twenty-five cadaveric canine carpi were obtained and a total of 13 lesions were detected on MRI. Based on MRI, six carpi with lesions of varying size and one normal carpus were submitted for histological evaluation. Five of the abnormal carpi had nonarticular cyst-like lesions; one specimen with a positive magnetic resonance image for a cyst-like lesion had no cyst-like lesion on histology. Conspicuity of a medium-size lesion as evaluated on radiographs was poor. Given the presence of these nonarticular cyst-like lesions in a population of clinically sound patients, their clinical importance is uncertain. The development of these lesions may relate to altered mechanics or genetic predispositions, requiring additional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Sarah L Pownder
- MRI Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Hollis G Potter
- MRI Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hsieh CL, Ptak CP, Tseng A, Suguiura IMDS, McDonough SP, Sritrakul T, Li T, Lin YP, Gillilan RE, Oswald RE, Chang YF. Extended low-resolution structure of a Leptospira antigen offers high bactericidal antibody accessibility amenable to vaccine design. eLife 2017; 6:e30051. [PMID: 29210669 PMCID: PMC5749957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens rely on proteins embedded on their surface to perform tasks essential for host infection. These obligatory structures exposed to the host immune system provide important targets for rational vaccine design. Here, we use a systematically designed series of multi-domain constructs in combination with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to determine the structure of the main immunoreactive region from a major antigen from Leptospira interrogans, LigB. An anti-LigB monoclonal antibody library exhibits cell binding and bactericidal activity with extensive domain coverage complementing the elongated architecture observed in the SAXS structure. Combining antigenic motifs in a single-domain chimeric immunoglobulin-like fold generated a vaccine that greatly enhances leptospiral protection over vaccination with single parent domains. Our study demonstrates how understanding an antigen's structure and antibody accessible surfaces can guide the design and engineering of improved recombinant antigen-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Christopher P Ptak
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Andrew Tseng
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | | | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Tepyuda Sritrakul
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious DiseaseWadsworth Center, New York State Department of HealthAlbanyUnited States
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at CHESS (MacCHESS)Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Robert E Oswald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gendron K, McDonough SP, Flanders JA, Tse M, Scrivani PV. The pathogenesis of paraesophageal empyema in dogs and constancy of radiographic and computed tomography signs are linked to involvement of the mediastinal serous cavity. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:169-179. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gendron
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - James A. Flanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - May Tse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Peter V. Scrivani
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Im J, Burney DP, McDonough SP, Nicholson B, Eatroff A, Simpson KW. Canine Hepatitis Associated with Intrahepatic Bacteria in Three Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 54:65-70. [PMID: 29131670 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the detection of intrahepatic bacteria in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections from three dogs with neutrophilic, pyogranulomatous, or lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis. In each of these cases, eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled colocalization of intrahepatic bacteria with neutrophilic and granulomatous inflammation in samples that were negative for bacteria when evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathology augmented with histochemical stains. Positive responses to antimicrobial therapy were observed in of 2 out of 2 patients that were treated with antimicrobials. These findings suggest that eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections is more sensitive than conventional histochemical stains for the diagnosis of bacteria-associated canine hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Im
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| | - Derek P Burney
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| | - Sean P McDonough
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| | - Brigid Nicholson
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| | - Adam Eatroff
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- From the Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, New York, New York (J.I., A.E.); Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, Texas (D.P.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (S.P.M., K.W.S.); and SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Campbell, California (B.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Loftus JP, Center SA, Lucy JM, Stanton JA, McDonough SP, Peters-Kennedy J, Arceneaux KA, Bechtold MA, Bennett CL, Bradbury CA, Cline MG, Hall-Fonte DL, Hammer-Landrum JF, Huntingford JL, Marshall J, Sharpe KS, Redin JL, Selva ST, Lucia TA. Characterization of aminoaciduria and hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:735-744. [PMID: 28541155 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.6.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize aminoaciduria and plasma amino acid concentrations in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS). ANIMALS 20 client-owned dogs of various breeds and ages. PROCEDURES HCS was definitively diagnosed on the basis of liver biopsy specimens (n = 12), gross and histologic appearance of skin lesions (4), and examination of skin and liver biopsy specimens (2) and presumptively diagnosed on the basis of cutaneous lesions with compatible clinicopathologic and hepatic ultrasonographic (honeycomb or Swiss cheese pattern) findings (2). Amino acid concentrations in heparinized plasma and urine (samples obtained within 8 hours of each other) were measured by use of ion exchange chromatography. Urine creatinine concentration was used to normalize urine amino acid concentrations. Plasma amino acid values were compared relative to mean reference values; urine-corrected amino acid values were compared relative to maximal reference values. RESULTS All dogs had generalized hypoaminoacidemia, with numerous amino acid concentrations < 50% of mean reference values. The most consistent and severe abnormalities involved glutamine, proline, cysteine, and hydroxyproline, and all dogs had marked lysinuria. Urine amino acids exceeding maximum reference values (value > 1.0) included lysine, 1-methylhistidine, and proline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with HCS prominently involved amino acids associated with the urea cycle and synthesis of glutathione and collagen. Marked lysinuria and prolinuria implicated dysfunction of specific amino acid transporters and wasting of amino acids essential for collagen synthesis. These findings may provide a means for tailoring nutritional support and for facilitating HCS diagnosis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Veterinary forensic pathology is emerging as a distinct discipline, and this special issue is a major step forward in establishing the scientific basis of the discipline. A forensic necropsy uses the same skill set needed for investigations of natural disease, but the analytical framework and purpose of forensic pathology differ significantly. The requirement of legal credibility and all that it entails distinguishes the forensic from routine diagnostic cases. Despite the extraordinary depth and breadth of knowledge afforded by their training, almost 75% of veterinary pathologists report that their training has not adequately prepared them to handle forensic cases. Many veterinary pathologists, however, are interested and willing to develop expertise in the discipline. Lessons learned from tragic examples of wrongful convictions in medical forensic pathology indicate that a solid foundation for the evolving discipline of veterinary forensic pathology requires a commitment to education, training, and certification. The overarching theme of this issue is that the forensic necropsy is just one aspect in the investigation of a case of suspected animal abuse or neglect. As veterinary pathologists, we must be aware of the roles filled by other veterinary forensic experts involved in these cases and how our findings are an integral part of an investigation. We hope that the outcome of this special issue of the journal is that veterinary pathologists begin to familiarize themselves with not only forensic pathology but also all aspects of veterinary forensic science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B J McEwen
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Palmer SE, McDonough SP, Mohammed HO. Reduction of Thoroughbred racing fatalities at New York Racing Association racetracks using a multi-disciplinary mortality review process. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:465-475. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717713051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015, findings of a New York State Gaming Commission–Cornell University postmortem examination program were utilized in a multi-disciplinary mortality review process to review 129 racing fatalities at Thoroughbred racetracks operated by the New York Racing Association (NYRA). Musculoskeletal fractures comprised 79% of the fatalities; cardiopulmonary conditions accounted for 12% of the fatalities. Other causes of death included gastrointestinal (3%), respiratory (5%), and central nervous system (2%) conditions. Fetlock failure represented 50% of the musculoskeletal fatalities. The general distribution of these findings was very similar to that reported by the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System during the same period. These findings, used in conjunction with a comprehensive mortality review process and regulatory reform, have contributed to a significant reduction of the incidence of Thoroughbred racing fatalities at NYRA racetracks during the period of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Palmer
- Departments of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences (Palmer, Mohammed), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Biomedical Sciences (McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- New York State Gaming Commission, Schenectady, NY (Palmer)
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Departments of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences (Palmer, Mohammed), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Biomedical Sciences (McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- New York State Gaming Commission, Schenectady, NY (Palmer)
| | - Hussni O. Mohammed
- Departments of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences (Palmer, Mohammed), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Biomedical Sciences (McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- New York State Gaming Commission, Schenectady, NY (Palmer)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dockweiler JC, Cossic B, McDonough SP, Fubini SL, Le KM, Donnelly CG, Gilbert RO, Cheong SH. Tumor collision of uterine adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma in a goat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:696-699. [PMID: 28423988 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717705411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An aged mixed-breed goat doe was presented with a 9-mo history of serosanguineous vaginal discharge. Vaginal speculum examination revealed serosanguineous discharge but otherwise no abnormalities. Transrectal ultrasonography showed normal ovaries and multifocal cystic lesions within the uterus. Ovariohysterectomy was recommended because of a strong suspicion of neoplasia. Multiple, non-resectable masses were noted in and around the uterus intraoperatively, and euthanasia was elected. Autopsy revealed multiple masses within the uterus, cervix, and lung parenchyma. Histologically, the masses within the uterus represented a likely collision tumor of primary adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. Our report highlights the importance of obtaining biopsy samples of all masses because the lesions described showed significantly different biological behavior. This information is vital to guide treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Dockweiler
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Brieuc Cossic
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Susan L Fubini
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Kayla M Le
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Callum G Donnelly
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Robert O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Dockweiler, Fubini, Le, Donnelly, Gilbert, and Cheong), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic and McDonough), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies (Gilbert current).,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (Donnelly current)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, An D, Pardo Y, Chiu A, Song W, Liu Q, Zhou F, McDonough SP, Ma M. High-water-content and resilient PEG-containing hydrogels with low fibrotic response. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:100-108. [PMID: 28216297 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels such as those based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) are broadly used in biomedicine where high water contents, robust mechanical properties such as resilience and favorable interactions with the body are often simultaneously desirable. However, the mechanical properties of conventional hydrogels often degrade rapidly after swelling or with increasing water content, limiting their potential in many applications. Here we describe a new class of PEG-containing hydrogels that remain highly resilient after maximum swelling. We achieved the hydrogels by incorporating reversible "dual" hydrogen bonding into highly coiled, elastic PEG networks. These hydrogels, due to their high water content and high mechanical resilience, can form highly permeable, yet durable and easy-to-handle cell delivery devices without any additional structural support. In addition, optimization of chemical composition resulted in hydrogels with superior bio-inertness, inducing much less fibrosis upon subcutaneous implantation in mice than a polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) hydrogel control. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based ones are broadly used in the biomedical world. Examples include wound dressings, tissue scaffolds, medical implants, biosensors and drug or cell delivery devices. In many of these applications, robust mechanical property, high water content (or facile mass transfer) and favorable interactions with the body are often simultaneously desirable. However, the mechanical property of hydrogels often degrades rapidly after swelling or with increasing water content. Here we report a new class of PEG-based hydrogels that simultaneously possess high water content, high mechanical resilience and low fibrotic response upon subcutaneous implantation in mice. These hydrogels may therefore find broad applications in biomedicine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Feng H, McDonough SP, Fan J, Yang S, Zhao X, Lu Y, Gan Y, Yi X, Chang YF. Phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Polysaccharides Act as Adjuvant via Promoting Dendritic Cell Maturation. Molecules 2017; 22:E106. [PMID: 28075416 PMCID: PMC6155757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan polysaccharides (pRCPS) used as adjuvant with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (FMDV) can stimulate specific humoral and cellular immune responses in ICR mice. The results demonstrated that pRCPS significantly up-regulated FMDV-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2a antibody levels and splenocyte proliferation. pRCPS also promoted the killing activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). In addition, pRCPS enhanced the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ in CD4⁺ T cells and the level of IFN-γ in CD8⁺ T cells. Importantly, pRCPS enhanced the expression of MHCII, CD40⁺, CD86⁺, and CD80⁺ in dendritic cells (DCs). This study indicated that phosphorylation modification could increase immune-enhancing activities of RCPS, and pRCPS could promote humoral and cellular immune responses through facilitating DC maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Feng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Sean P McDonough
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Jing Fan
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Shiping Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yun Gan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hall-Fonte DL, Center SA, McDonough SP, Peters-Kennedy J, Trotter TS, Lucy JM, Berger E, Byers C, Cummings CG, Burke E, Stegemen J, Pintar J, Kantrowitz L, Sharpe K, Weinkle T. Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih Tzus: 31 cases (1996-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:802-13. [PMID: 27003022 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.7.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize findings in Shih Tzus with progressive superficial necrolytic dermatitis and degenerative vacuolar hepatopathy consistent with hepatocutaneous syndrome. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 31 Shih Tzus. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on signalment, history, treatment, outcome, and results of clinicopathologic testing, abdominal ultrasonography, and histologic examination of skin and liver specimens. A pedigree analysis was performed. RESULTS There were 16 males and 15 females. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years (range, 5 to 14 years). Common clinical signs included lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, and lameness. Twenty-five dogs had cutaneous lesions consistent with hepatocutaneous syndrome; the remaining 6 initially only had hepatic abnormalities, but 3 of the 6 subsequently developed cutaneous lesions. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities included microcytosis (15/24 [63%] dogs) and high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (24/24 [100%] dogs). Hepatic ultrasonographic findings included a hyperechoic or heteroechoic appearance to the parenchyma with innumerable hypoechoic nodules. Histologic hepatic lesions consisted of degenerative vacuolar (glycogen and lipid) hepatopathy associated with minimally fibrotic to nonfibrotic, noninflammatory, proliferative nodules. Pedigree analysis confirmed a common ancestry in 12 of 18 dogs. Median survival time was 3 months (range, 1 to 36 months). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that HCS may have a heritable component in Shih Tzus, although the condition may also be identified in Shih Tzus without affected relatives. Clinical, clinicopathologic, ultrasonographic, and histologic abnormalities in affected Shih Tzus were similar to those previously reported for dogs of other breeds with HCS.
Collapse
|
35
|
Davis CR, Valentine BA, Gordon E, McDonough SP, Schaffer PA, Allen AL, Pesavento P. Neoplasia in 125 donkeys (Equus asinus): literature review and a survey of five veterinary schools in the United States and Canada. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:662-670. [PMID: 27698162 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716665659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A diagnosis of neoplasia was noted in 125 of 357 donkeys (35%) in our review of medical records from 5 veterinary schools in the United States and Canada. Equine sarcoid was the most common tumor in our study, accounting for 72% of all tumors and 82% of cutaneous tumors. Soft-tissue sarcomas were the second most common skin tumors. All other types of neoplasia were rare. Important differences in the occurrence of neoplasia in donkeys compared to horses included the rarity or absence of squamous cell carcinoma in any organ system and gray horse melanoma. Lymphosarcoma, the most common malignant tumor in horses, appears to be very rare in donkeys. We report several tumors in donkeys including melanocytoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Our data demonstrate commonalities as well as differences in neoplastic diseases of donkeys and horses. Understanding differences in carcinogenesis among these 2 closely related species can inform researchers pursuing pathogenic mechanisms of equine disease and inform veterinary diagnosticians regarding tumor prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrine R Davis
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Beth A Valentine
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Emma Gordon
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Paula A Schaffer
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Andrew L Allen
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| | - Patricia Pesavento
- Private pathology practice, Maupin, OR (Davis)College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine, Gordon)College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (McDonough)Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Schaffer)Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA (Pesavento)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hoehne SN, McDonough SP, Rishniw M, Simpson KW. Identification of Mucosa-Invading and Intravascular Bacteria in Feline Small Intestinal Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:234-241. [PMID: 27627983 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816664792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal mucosa are causally linked to gastric carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in people and laboratory animals. We examined the relationship of mucosa-associated bacteria to alimentary lymphoma in cats. Intestinal biopsies from 50 cats with alimentary lymphoma (small cell, n = 33; large cell, n = 17) and 38 controls without lymphoma (normal to minimal change on histopathology, n = 18; lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, n = 20) were evaluated. The number and spatial distribution of bacteria (ie, in luminal cellular debris, villus-associated mucus, adherent to epithelium, mucosal invasion, intravascular, or serosal) were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the eubacterial probe EUB-338. Mucosa-invasive bacteria were more frequently observed in cats with large cell lymphoma (82%, P ≤ .001) than in cats with small cell lymphoma (18%), normal to minimal change on histopathology, and lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (3%). Intravascular bacteria were observed solely in large cell lymphoma (29%), and serosal colonization was more common in cats with large cell lymphoma (57%) than with small cell lymphoma (11%, P ≤ .01), normal to minimal change (8%, P ≤ .01), and lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (6%, P ≤ .001). The high frequency of invasive bacteria within blood vessels and serosa of cats with large cell lymphoma may account for the sepsis-related complications associated with large cell lymphoma and inform clinical management. Further studies are required to determine the role of intramucosal bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of feline alimentary lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Hoehne
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,2 William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Rishniw
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsieh CL, Chang E, Tseng A, Ptak C, Wu LC, Su CL, McDonough SP, Lin YP, Chang YF. Leptospira Immunoglobulin-Like Protein B (LigB) Binds to Both the C-Terminal 23 Amino Acids of Fibrinogen αC Domain and Factor XIII: Insight into the Mechanism of LigB-Mediated Blockage of Fibrinogen α Chain Cross-Linking. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004974. [PMID: 27622634 PMCID: PMC5021285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulation system provides a primitive but effective defense against hemorrhage. Soluble fibrinogen (Fg) monomers, composed of α, β and γ chains, are recruited to provide structural support for the formation of a hemostatic plug. Fg binds to platelets and is processed into a cross-linked fibrin polymer by the enzymatic clotting factors, thrombin and Factor XIII (FXIII). The newly formed fibrin-platelet clot can act as barrier to protect against pathogens from entering the bloodstream. Further, injuries caused by bacterial infections can be confined to the initial wound site. Many pathogenic bacteria have Fg-binding adhesins that can circumvent the coagulation pathway and allow the bacteria to sidestep containment. Fg expression is upregulated during lung infection providing an attachment surface for bacteria with the ability to produce Fg-binding adhesins. Fg binding by leptospira might play a crucial factor in Leptospira-associated pulmonary hemorrhage, the main factor contributing to lethality in severe cases of leptospirosis. The 12th domain of Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (LigB12), a leptospiral adhesin, interacts with the C-terminus of FgαC (FgαCC). In this study, the binding site for LigB12 was mapped to the final 23 amino acids at the C-terminal end of FgαCC (FgαCC8). The association of FgαCC8 with LigB12 (ELISA, KD = 0.76 μM; SPR, KD = 0.96 μM) was reduced by mutations of both charged residues (R608, R611 and H614 from FgαCC8; D1061 from LigB12) and hydrophobic residues (I613 from FgαCC8; F1054 and A1065 from LigB12). Additionally, LigB12 bound strongly to FXIII and also inhibited fibrin formation, suggesting that LigB can disrupt coagulation by suppressing FXIII activity. Here, the detailed binding mechanism of a leptospiral adhesin to a host hemostatic factor is characterized for the first time and should provide better insight into the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., has been increasingly recognized as an emerging zoonosis worldwide. In human cases, clinical presentation can vary from a mild flu-like syndrome to severe multi-organ failure including hepatitis, nephritis and occasionally meningitis. Particularly, pulmonary hemorrhage has become one of the major factors leading to fatality. The host coagulation system normally can be activated to confine damage caused by bacteria. However, this spirochete has developed several virulence proteins to manipulate hemostatic factors including fibrinogen (Fg). Previously, we had observed that Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (LigB) can bind to Fg and inhibit fibrin clot formation. In this study, the LigB binding site on fibrinogen was fine-mapped. The key amino acids contributing to this strong pathogen-host interaction were also identified. In addition, LigB bound to factor XIII and further interfered with the cross-linking of Fg. For the first time, a potential mechanism of leptospiral adhesin binding to fibrinogen was revealed, which should provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew Tseng
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Ptak
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Chun-Li Su
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McAlister A, Center SA, Bender H, McDonough SP. Adverse interaction between colchicine and ketoconazole in a Chinese shar pei. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 50:417-23. [PMID: 25379734 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A Chinese shar pei with a 2 yr history of episodic fever, lethargy, and shifting lameness was presumptively diagnosed with familial shar pei fever but had never been treated for the syndrome. After being presented for a superficial pyoderma with possible dermatophyte coinfection, treatment with a cephalosporin and ketoconazole were prescribed. One wk later, colchicine was initiated for familial shar pei fever using cautious dose escalation. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal muscle myopathy, and hepatotoxicity developed within 2 wk. Abrupt resolution of gastrointestinal toxicity and myopathy followed drug withdrawal. However, escalating liver enzyme activity and hyperbilirubinemia led to liver biopsy to rule out an antecedent hepatopathy. Biopsy characterized canalicular cholestasis and colchicine-associated metaphase arrest and ring mitoses reflecting repression of mitotic spindle formation. Signs of illness completely resolved 3 mo after drug discontinuation. Although avoidable adverse interactions between ketoconazole and drugs reliant on cytochrome oxidase biotransformation and/or drug efflux mediated by multiple drug-resistant transporters are well documented in humans, these are rarely reported in veterinary patients. This case exemplifies an important and avoidable ketoconazole/colchicine drug interaction from which the patient completely recovered. The dog tested negative for the canine MDR1 loss of function mutation that also might potentiate colchicine toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber McAlister
- Sage Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Centers in Campbell, CA (A.M.); Department of Clinical Sciences (S.C., S.M.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (H.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pillai S, Center SA, McDonough SP, Demarco J, Pintar J, Henderson AK, Cooper J, Bolton T, Sharpe K, Hill S, Benedict AG, Haviland R. Ductal Plate Malformation in the Liver of Boxer Dogs: Clinical and Histological Features. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:602-13. [PMID: 26797094 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815610567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ductal plate malformations (DPMs) represent developmental biliary disorders with a wide phenotypic spectrum. This study characterizes DPM in 30 Boxer dogs. Median age was 1.5 (range, 0.3-10.0) years, with 12 dogs <1 year. Clinical features included increased serum levels of liver enzymes (28), gastrointestinal signs (16), poor body condition (14), abdominal effusion (9), and hepatic encephalopathy (2). Additional malformations included gallbladder atresia (8), atrophied left liver (2), absent quadrate lobe with left-displaced gallbladder (1), portal vasculature atresia (left liver, 1), intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (1), and complex intrahepatic arteriovenous malformation (1). All dogs had portal tracts dimensionally expanded by a moderate-to-severe multiple small bile duct phenotype embedded in abundant extracellular matrix; 80% displayed variable portal-to-portal bridging. Quantitative analysis confirmed significantly increased fibrillar collagen and a 3-fold increased portal tract area relative to 6 Boxer and 10 non-Boxer controls. Biliary phenotype was dominated by tightly formed CK19-positive ductules, typically 10 to 15 μm in diameter, with 3 to >30 profiles per portal tract, reduced luminal apertures, and negative Ki-67 immunoreactivity. CK19-positive biliary epithelium intersected directly with zone 1 hepatocytes as a signature feature when considered with other DPM characteristics. Phenotypic variation included a multiple small bile duct phenotype (all dogs), predominantly thin-walled sacculated ducts (4), well-formed saccular ducts (4), and sacculated segmental, interlobular, and intralobular ducts (Caroli malformation, 2 dogs, one with bridging portal fibrosis). Histologic evidence of portal venous hypoperfusion accompanied increased biliary profiles in every case. We propose that this spectrum of disorders be referred to as DPM with appropriate modifiers to characterize the unique phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pillai
- Comparative and Genomic Pathology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Laboratory of comparative pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - S A Center
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J Demarco
- Garden State Veterinary Specialists, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA
| | - J Pintar
- Garden State Veterinary Specialists, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA
| | - A K Henderson
- Garden State Veterinary Specialists, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA
| | - J Cooper
- Tuft's Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialities, Walpole, MA, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Internal Medicine Resident, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K Sharpe
- Blue Pearl Specialty and Emergency Medicine for Pets, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - S Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A G Benedict
- VCA Shoreline Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center, Shelton, CT, USA
| | - R Haviland
- South Carolina Veterinary Specialists, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Goussev SA, Center SA, Randolph JF, Kathrani A, Butler BP, McDonough SP. Clinical Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 19 cats from a Single Institution (1980-2013). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 52:36-41. [PMID: 26606201 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical features of feline hepatocellular carcinoma (HCA) have been poorly characterized. In this retrospective study, we describe the signalment, clinical features, clinicopathologic parameters, imaging characteristics, hepatic mass size and lobe distribution, concurrent disorders, and survival in 19 cats with HCA. HCA is a rare neoplasm in elderly cats often associated with weight loss, hyporexia, and increased hepatic transaminase activities. Concurrent disorders (e.g., hyperthyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, cholangiohepatitis, copper-associated hepatopathy) often confounded interpretation of clinical and clinicopathologic findings; 42% of HCA were incidentally identified. Although an abdominal mass was palpated in only 21% of cats, many cats had masses identified on ultrasonographic imaging with 47% having lesions >4 cm. Tumors were nearly equally distributed between right and left liver lobes, and two cats had HCA in multiple liver lobes. Median survival of eight cats diagnosed antemortem was 1.7 (0.6 to 6.5) yr. Median survival of six cats undergoing HCA surgical resection was 2.4 (1.0 to 6.5) yr with two cats still alive at time of manuscript submission. Following surgical resection, one cat treated with carboplatin survived 4 yr. Two cats with HCA diagnosed antemortem without surgical resection survived for 0.6 and 1 yr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Staci A Goussev
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S.A.G., S.A.C., J.F.R., A.K.) and Biomedical Sciences (B.P.B., S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sharon Anne Center
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S.A.G., S.A.C., J.F.R., A.K.) and Biomedical Sciences (B.P.B., S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - John F Randolph
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S.A.G., S.A.C., J.F.R., A.K.) and Biomedical Sciences (B.P.B., S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Brian P Butler
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S.A.G., S.A.C., J.F.R., A.K.) and Biomedical Sciences (B.P.B., S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sean P McDonough
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S.A.G., S.A.C., J.F.R., A.K.) and Biomedical Sciences (B.P.B., S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guo S, Yan W, McDonough SP, Lin N, Wu KJ, He H, Xiang H, Yang M, Moreira MAS, Chang YF. The recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine induces protection against C. difficile spore challenge in a mouse model. Vaccine 2015; 33:1586-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
42
|
Ye C, Yan W, Xiang H, He H, Yang M, Ijaz M, Useh N, Hsieh CL, McDonough PL, McDonough SP, Mohamed H, Yang Z, Chang YF. Recombinant antigens rLipL21, rLoa22, rLipL32 and rLigACon4-8 for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in dogs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111367. [PMID: 25526513 PMCID: PMC4272274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the United States and around the world. In a previous study, we applied four recombinant antigens, rLipL21, rLoa22, rLipL32 and rLigACon4-8 of Leptospira interrogans (L. interrogans) for the serological diagnosis of equine leptospirosis (Ye et al, Serodiagnosis of equine leptospirosis by ELISA using four recombinant protein markers, Clin. Vaccine. Immunol. 21:478–483). In this study, the same four recombinant antigens were evaluated for their potential to diagnose canine leptospirosis by ELISA. A total of 305 canine sera that were Leptospira microscopic agglutination test (MAT)-negative (n = 102) and MAT-positive (n = 203) to 5 serovars (Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola and Hardjo) were tested. When individual recombinant antigens were used, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 97.5% and 84.3% for rLigACon4-8; 89.7% and 81.4% for rLoa22; 92.6% and 84.3% for rLipL32 and 99.5% and 84.3% for rLipL21, respectively compared to the MAT. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were, 92.6% and 91.2% for rLigACon4-8 and rLipL32, 97.5% and 84.3% for rLigACon4-8 and rLipL21, 89.7% and 87.3% for rLigACon4-8 and rLoa22, 89.7% and 87.3% to rLipL21 and rLoa22, 92.6% and 91.2% for rLipL21 and rLipL32 and 89.2% and 94.1% for rLoa22 and rLipL32 when one of the two antigens was test positive. The use of all four antigens in the ELISA assay was found to be sensitive and specific, easy to perform, and agreed with the results of the standard Leptospira Microscopic Agglutination test (MAT) for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilian Ye
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Veterinary Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Longdongbao, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicodemus Useh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick L. McDonough
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hussni Mohamed
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhibang Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Center SA, Cortright CC, Randolph JF, McDonough SP. The authors respond. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:1086-1087. [PMID: 25520967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
44
|
Cortright CC, Center SA, Randolph JF, McDonough SP, Fecteau KA, Warner KL, Chiapella AM, Pierce RL, Graham AH, Wall LJ, Heidgerd JH, Degen MA, Lucia PA, Erb HN. Clinical features of progressive vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: 114 cases (1980–2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:797-808. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.7.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
45
|
Hurwitz BM, Center SA, Randolph JF, McDonough SP, Warner KL, Hazelwood KS, Chiapella AM, Mazzei MJ, Leavey K, Acquaviva AE, Lindsay MM, Sanders L, Pintar J. Presumed primary and secondary hepatic copper accumulation in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:68-77. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Center SA, McDonough SP, Bogdanovic L. Digital image analysis of rhodanine-stained liver biopsy specimens for calculation of hepatic copper concentrations in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:1474-80. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.12.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Scaria J, Mao C, Chen JW, McDonough SP, Sobral B, Chang YF. Differential stress transcriptome landscape of historic and recently emerged hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile strains determined using RNA-seq. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78489. [PMID: 24244315 PMCID: PMC3820578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C. difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea in North America and Europe. Genomes of individual strains of C. difficile are highly divergent. To determine how divergent strains respond to environmental changes, the transcriptomes of two historic and two recently isolated hypervirulent strains were analyzed following nutrient shift and osmotic shock. Illumina based RNA-seq was used to sequence these transcriptomes. Our results reveal that although C. difficile strains contain a large number of shared and strain specific genes, the majority of the differentially expressed genes were core genes. We also detected a number of transcriptionally active regions that were not part of the primary genome annotation. Some of these are likely to be small regulatory RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Scaria
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunhong Mao
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jenn-Wei Chen
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean P. McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America;
| | - Bruno Sobral
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Udpa N, Iyer SR, Rajoria R, Breyer KE, Valentine H, Singh B, McDonough SP, Brown BN, Bonassar LJ, Gao Y. Effects of chitosan coatings on polypropylene mesh for implantation in a rat abdominal wall model. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2713-23. [PMID: 23859182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hernia repair and pelvic floor reconstruction are usually accompanied with the implantation of a surgical mesh, which frequently results in a foreign body response with associated complications. An ideal surgical mesh that allows force generation of muscle tissues without significant granulation tissue and/or fibrosis is of significant clinical interest. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo responses of a chitosan coating on polypropylene mesh (Ch-PPM) in comparison with commercially available meshes. We found that application of a 0.5% (w/v) Ch-PPM elicited preferential attachment of myoblasts over fibroblast attachment in vitro. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that 0.5% Ch-PPM will encourage skeletal muscle tissue ingrowth and decrease fibrosis formation in vivo. We implanted 0.5% Ch-PPM, collagen-coated polypropylene mesh (Pelvitex™; C.R. Bard), and polypropylene (Avaulta Solo(®); C.R. Bard) alone using a rat abdominal defect model. Force generation capacity and inflammatory response of each mesh were evaluated 2, 4, and 12 weeks postimplantation. We found that chitosan coating is associated with the restoration of functional skeletal muscle with histomorphologic characteristics that resemble native muscle and an early macrophage phenotypic response that has previously been shown to lead to more functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Udpa
- 1 Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Faisal SM, Yan F, Chen TT, Useh NM, Guo S, Yan W, Wang SJ, Glaser AL, McDonough SP, Singh B, Chang YF. Evaluation of a Salmonella vectored vaccine expressing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens against challenge in a goat model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70171. [PMID: 23950909 PMCID: PMC3739776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Johnes disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), occurs worldwide as chronic granulomatous enteritis of domestic and wild ruminants. To develop a cost effective vaccine, in a previous study we constructed an attenuated Salmonella strain that expressed a fusion product made up of partial fragments of MAP antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B and SOD) that imparted protection against challenge in a mouse model. In the current study we evaluated the differential immune response and protective efficacy of the Sal-Ag vaccine against challenge in a goat model as compared to the live attenuated vaccine MAP316F. PBMCs from goats vaccinated with Sal-Ag and challenged with MAP generated significantly lower levels of IFN-γ, following in vitro stimulation with either Antigen-mix or PPD jhonin, than PBMC from MAP316F vaccinated animals. Flow cytometric analysis showed the increase in IFN-γ correlated with a significantly higher level of proliferation of CD4, CD8 and γδT cells and an increased expression of CD25 and CD45R0 in MAP316F vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. Evaluation of a range of cytokines involved in Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 immune responses by quantitative PCR showed low levels of expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α) in the Sal-Ag immunized group. Significant levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines transcripts (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) were expressed but their level was low and with a pattern similar to the control group. Over all, Sal-Ag vaccine imparted partial protection that limited colonization in tissues of some animals upon challenge with wild type MAP but not to the level achieved with MAP316F. In conclusion, the data indicates that Sal-Ag vaccine induced only a low level of protective immunity that failed to limit the colonization of MAP in infected animals. Hence the Sal-Ag vaccine needs further refinement to increase its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Faisal
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Johnston AN, Center SA, McDonough SP, Wakshlag JJ, Warner KL. Hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers with and without chronic hepatitis: 72 cases (1980-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:372-80. [PMID: 23327181 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers with and without chronic hepatitis. DESIGN etrospective case-control study. SAMPLE Liver tissue specimens from 36 Labrador Retrievers with chronic hepatitis and 36 age- and sex-matched Labrador Retrievers without chronic hepatitis (control dogs). PROCEDURES Liver tissue specimens were obtained during 2 study periods (1980 to 1997 and 1998 to 2010). For each tissue specimen, a histologic score was assigned independently by each of 2 interpreters, and the hepatic copper concentration was qualitatively determined via rhodanine staining and quantitatively determined via atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS Mean hepatic copper concentration was significantly higher in dogs with chronic hepatitis (614 μg/g of dry weight [range, 104 to 4,234 μg/g of dry weight]), compared with that in control dogs (299 μg/g of dry weight [range, 93 to 3,810 μg/g of dry weight]), and increased significantly over time. A higher proportion of liver tissue specimens collected during the 1998-2010 study period had hepatic copper concentrations > 400 μg/g of dry weight (the upper limit of the reference range), compared with the proportion of liver tissue specimens collected during the 1980-1997 study period. The qualitative copper score did not accurately predict quantitative hepatic copper concentration in 33% of study dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the increase in hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers with and without chronic hepatitis over time may be the result of increased exposure of dogs to environmental copper, most likely via the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Johnston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|