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Kiss A, Arnold Z, Aykac I, Fee AJ, Hallström S, Balogh F, Szekeres M, Szabo PL, Nagel F, Hamdani N, Paneni F, Costantino S, Nádasy G, Podesser BK. Tenascin C deficiency attenuates cardiac dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kramer AM, Kiss A, Heber S, Chambers DJ, Hallström S, Pilz PM, Podesser BK, Santer D. Normothermic blood polarizing versus depolarizing cardioplegia in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:ivac152. [PMID: 35640544 PMCID: PMC9199933 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously demonstrated beneficial cardiac protection with hypothermic polarizing cardioplegia compared to a hyperkalemic depolarizing cardioplegia. In this study, a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass was used to compare the protective effects of normothermic blood-based polarizing and depolarizing cardioplegia during cardiac arrest. METHODS Thirteen pigs were randomized to receive either normothermic polarizing (n = 8) or depolarizing (n = 5) blood-based cardioplegia. After initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, normothermic arrest (34°C, 60 min) was followed by 60 min of on-pump and 90 min of off-pump reperfusion. Primary outcome was myocardial injury measured as arterial myocardial creatine kinase concentration. Secondary outcome was haemodynamic function and the energy state of the hearts. RESULTS During reperfusion, release of myocardial creatine kinase was comparable between groups (P = 0.36). In addition, most haemodynamic parameters showed comparable results between groups, but stroke volume (P = 0.03) was significantly lower in the polarizing group. Adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly (18.41 ± 3.86 vs 22.97 ± 2.73 nmol/mg; P = 0.03) lower in polarizing hearts, and the requirement for noradrenaline administration (P = 0.002) and temporary pacing (6 vs 0; P = 0.02) during reperfusion were significantly higher in polarizing hearts. CONCLUSIONS Under normothermic conditions, polarizing blood cardioplegia was associated with similar myocardial injury to depolarizing blood cardioplegia. Reduced haemodynamic and metabolic outcome and a higher need for temporary pacing with polarized arrest may be associated with the blood-based dilution of this solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Margarethe Kramer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heber
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David J Chambers
- Cardiac Surgical Research, The Rayne Institute (King’s College London), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick M Pilz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Marksteiner J, Ebner J, Salzer I, Lilliu E, Hackl B, Todt H, Kubista H, Hallström S, Koenig X, Hilber K. Evidence for a Physiological Role of T-Type Ca Channels in Ventricular Cardiomyocytes of Adult Mice. Membranes 2022; 12:membranes12060566. [PMID: 35736273 PMCID: PMC9230067 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-type Ca channels are strongly expressed and important in the developing heart. In the adult heart, these channels play a significant role in pacemaker tissues, but there is uncertainty about their presence and physiological relevance in the working myocardium. Here, we show that the T-type Ca channel isoforms Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 are expressed at a protein level in ventricular cardiomyocytes from healthy adult C57/BL6 mice. Myocytes isolated from adult wild-type and Cav3.2 KO mice showed considerable whole cell T-type Ca currents under beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline. We further show that the detectability of basal T-type Ca currents in murine wild-type cardiomyocytes depends on the applied experimental conditions. Together, these findings reveal the presence of functional T-type Ca channels in the membrane of ventricular myocytes. In addition, electrically evoked Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was significantly impaired in Cav3.2 KO compared to wild-type cardiomyocytes. Our work implies a physiological role of T-type Ca channels in the healthy adult murine ventricular working myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marksteiner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Janine Ebner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Isabella Salzer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Elena Lilliu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Benjamin Hackl
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (J.E.); (I.S.); (E.L.); (B.H.); (H.T.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (K.H.)
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Schaefer AK, Kiss A, Oszwald A, Nagel F, Acar E, Aliabadi-Zuckermann A, Hackl M, Zuckermann A, Kain R, Jakubowski A, Ferdinandy P, Hallström S, Podesser BK. Single Donor Infusion of S-Nitroso-Human-Serum-Albumin Attenuates Cardiac Isograft Fibrosis and Preserves Myocardial Micro-RNA-126-3p in a Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Model. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10057. [PMID: 35497886 PMCID: PMC9045410 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Cold ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury are non-immunologic cornerstones in the development of graft injury after heart transplantation. The nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-human-serum-albumin (S-NO-HSA) is known to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-injury. We assessed whether donor preservation with S-NO-HSA affects isograft injury and myocardial expression of GATA2 as well as miR-126-3p, which are considered protective against vascular and endothelial injury. Methods: Donor C57BL/6 mice received intravenous (0.1 μmol/kg/h) S-NO-HSA (n = 12), or 0.9% saline (control, n = 11) for 20 min. Donor hearts were stored in cold histidine-tryptophan-α-ketoglutarate-N solution for 12 h and underwent heterotopic, isogenic transplantation, except 5 hearts of each group, which were analysed immediately after preservation. Fibrosis was quantified and expression of GATA2 and miR-126-3p assessed by RT-qPCR after 60 days or immediately after preservation. Results: Fibrosis was significantly reduced in the S-NO-HSA group (6.47% ± 1.76 vs. 11.52% ± 2.16; p = 0.0023; 12 h-S-NO-HSA-hHTX vs. 12 h-control-hHTX). Expression of miR-126-3p was downregulated in all hearts after ischemia compared to native myocardium, but the effect was significantly attenuated when donors received S-NO-HSA (1 ± 0.27 vs. 0.33 ± 0.31; p = 0.0187; 12 h-S-NO-HSA-hHTX vs. 12 h-control-hHTX; normalized expression to U6 snRNA). Conclusion: Donor pre-treatment with S-NO-HSA lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of myocardial miR-126-3p and GATA2 levels in murine cardiac isografts 60 days after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Schaefer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - André Oszwald
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Nagel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eylem Acar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrzej Jakubowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Małopolska Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tsiountsioura M, Cvirn G, Schlagenhauf A, Haidl H, Zischmeier K, Janschitz N, Koestenberger M, Wonisch W, Paar M, Wagner T, Weiss EC, Hallström S. The Antiplatelet Action of S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin in Whole Blood. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030649. [PMID: 35327451 PMCID: PMC8945101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide donors (NO-donors) have been shown to have therapeutic potential (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury). However, due to their release rate/antiplatelet properties, they may cause bleeding in patients. We therefore studied the antiplatelet effects of the two different NO-donors, i.e., S-NO-Human Serum Albumin (S-NO-HSA) and Diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DEA-NONOate) in whole blood (WB) samples. WB samples were spiked with S-NO-HSA or DEA-NONOate (100 µmol/L or 200 µmol/L), and the NO release rate (nitrite/nitrate levels via HPLC) and antiplatelet efficacy (impedance aggregometry, platelet function analyzer, Cone-and-platelet analyzer, thrombelastometry) were assessed. S-NO-HSA had a significantly lower NO release compared to equimolar concentrations of DEA-NONOate. Virtually no antiplatelet action of S-NO-HSA was observed in WB samples, whereas DEA-NONOate significantly attenuated platelet function in WB. Impedance aggregometry measurements revealed that Amplitudes (slope: −0.04022 ± 0.01045 ohm/µmol/L, p = 0.008) and Lag times (slope: 0.6389 ± 0.2075 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0051) were dose-dependently decreased and prolonged by DEA-NONOate. Closure times (Cone-and-platelet analyzer) were dose-dependently prolonged (slope: 0.3738 ± 0.1403 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0174 with collagen/ADP coating; slope: −0.5340 ± 0.1473 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0019 with collagen/epinephrine coating) by DEA-NONOate. These results in WB further support the pharmacological potential of S-NO-HSA as an NO-donor due to its ability to presumably prevent bleeding events even at high concentrations up to 200 µmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Tsiountsioura
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (W.W.); (M.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (W.W.); (M.P.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)316-385-72122
| | - Axel Schlagenhauf
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (H.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Harald Haidl
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (H.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Kathrin Zischmeier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (K.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Nicole Janschitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (K.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Martin Koestenberger
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (H.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (W.W.); (M.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Margret Paar
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (W.W.); (M.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Eva-Christine Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.T.); (W.W.); (M.P.); (S.H.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Szabó PL, Dostal C, Pilz PM, Hamza O, Acar E, Watzinger S, Mathew S, Kager G, Hallström S, Podesser BK, Kiss A. Remote Ischemic Perconditioning Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion-Induced Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Aortic Stiffness in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:702-713. [PMID: 34342526 PMCID: PMC8547239 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211031327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are accelerated by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and subsequently increase the risk for recurrent coronary events. AIM To explore whether remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerc) protects against coronary and aorta endothelial dysfunction as well as aortic stiffness following AMI. METHODS Male OFA-1 rats were subjected to 30 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion either 3 or 28 days with or without RIPerc. Three groups: (1) sham operated (Sham, without LAD occlusion); (2) myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR) and (3) MIR + RIPerc group with 3 cycles of 5 minutes of IR on hindlimb performed during myocardial ischemia were used. Assessment of vascular reactivity in isolated septal coronary arteries (non-occluded) and aortic rings as well as aortic stiffness was assessed by wire myography either 3 or 28 days after AMI, respectively. Markers of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules were assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS MIR promotes impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation in septal coronary artery segments, increased aortic stiffness and adverse left ventricular remodeling. These changes were markedly attenuated in rats treated with RIPerc and associated with a significant decline in P-selectin, IL-6 and TNF-α expression either in infarcted or non-infarcted myocardial tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study for the first time demonstrated that RIPerc alleviates MIR-induced coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in non-occluded artery segments and attenuates aortic stiffness in rats. The vascular protective effects of RIPerc are associated with ameliorated inflammation and might therefore be caused by reduced inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lujza Szabó
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Dostal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Michael Pilz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ouafa Hamza
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eylem Acar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Watzinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shalett Mathew
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Kager
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Enayati M, Schneider KH, Almeria C, Grasl C, Kaun C, Messner B, Rohringer S, Walter I, Wojta J, Budinsky L, Walpoth BH, Schima H, Kager G, Hallström S, Podesser BK, Bergmeister H. S-nitroso human serum albumin as a nitric oxide donor in drug-eluting vascular grafts: Biofunctionality and preclinical evaluation. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:276-288. [PMID: 34329787 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently available synthetic small diameter vascular grafts reveal low patency rates due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. Biofunctionalized grafts releasing nitric oxide (NO) in situ may overcome these limitations. In this study, a drug-eluting vascular graft was designed by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) with S-nitroso-human-serum-albumin (S-NO-HSA), a nitric oxide donor with prolonged half-life. PCL-S-NO-HSA grafts and patches were fabricated via electrospinning. The fabrication process was optimized. Patches were characterized in vitro for their morphology, drug release, biomechanics, inflammatory effects, cell proliferation, and expression of adhesion molecules. The selected optimized formulation (8%PCL-S-NO-HSA) had superior mechanical/morphological properties with high protein content revealing extended NO release (for 28 days). 8%PCL-S-NO-HSA patches significantly promoted endothelial cell proliferation while limiting smooth muscle cell proliferation. Expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and pro-inflammatory macrophage/cytokine markers (CD80, IL-1α, TNF-α) was significantly reduced. 8%PCL-S-NO-HSA patches had superior immunomodulatory properties by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and M2 macrophage marker (CD163) at final time points. Grafts were further evaluated in a small rodent model as aortic implants up to 12 weeks. Grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRI) in vivo and after retrieval by histology. All grafts remained 100 % patent with no signs of thrombosis or calcification. 8%PCL-S-NO-HSA vascular grafts supported rapid endothelialization, whereas smooth muscle cell proliferation was hampered in earlier phases. This study indicates that 8%PCL-S-NO-HSA grafts effectively support long-term in situ release of bioactive NO. The beneficial effects observed can be promising features for long-term success of small diameter vascular grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite extensive research in the field of small diameter vascular graft replacement, there is still no appropriate substitute to autografts yet. Various limitations are associated with currently available synthetic vascular grafts such as thrombogenicity and intimal hyperplasia. Therefore, developing new generations of such conduits has become a major focus of research. One of the most significant signaling molecules that are involved in homeostasis of the vascular system is nitric oxide. The new designed nitric-oxide eluting vascular grafts described in this study induce rapid surface endothelialization and late migration of SMCs into the graft wall. These beneficial effects have potential to improve current limitations of small diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Enayati
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl H Schneider
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ciarra Almeria
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Grasl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Rohringer
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubos Budinsky
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Central Laboratories, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beat H Walpoth
- Emeritus, Cardiovascular Surgery and Research, University Hospital & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Schima
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Kager
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Dankel SN, Bjørndal B, Lindquist C, Grinna ML, Rossmann CR, Bohov P, Nygård O, Hallström S, Strand E, Berge RK. Hepatic Energy Metabolism Underlying Differential Lipidomic Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:2610-2621. [PMID: 34132338 PMCID: PMC8417924 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate diets are suggested to exert metabolic benefits by reducing circulating triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, possibly by enhancing mitochondrial activity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary carbohydrate and fat differentially affect hepatic and circulating TG, and how these mechanisms relate to fatty acid composition. METHODS Six-week-old, ∼300 g male Wistar rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat [HC; 61.3% of energy (E%) carbohydrate] or a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (HF; 63.5 E% fat) diet for 4 wk. Parameters of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were measured in plasma and liver, with fatty acid composition (GC), high-energy phosphates (HPLC), carnitine metabolites (HPLC-MS/MS), and hepatic gene expression (qPCR) as main outcomes. RESULTS In HC-fed rats, plasma TG was double and hepatic TG 27% of that in HF-fed rats. The proportion of oleic acid (18:1n-9) was 60% higher after HF vs. HC feeding while the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), and estimated activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD-16 (16:1n-7/16:0), and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n-6) were 1.5-7.5-fold in HC vs. HF-fed rats. Accordingly, hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acaca/Acc) was strongly upregulated after HC feeding, accompanied with 8-fold higher FAS activity and doubled ACC activity. There were no differences in expression of liver-specific biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity (Cytc, Tfam, Cpt1, Cpt2, Ucp2, Hmgcs2); concentrations of ATP, AMP, and energy charge; plasma carnitine/acylcarnitine metabolites; or peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS In male Wistar rats, dietary carbohydrate was converted into specific fatty acids via hepatic lipogenesis, contributing to higher plasma TG and total fatty acids compared with high-fat feeding. In contrast, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate feeding increased hepatic fatty acid content, without affecting hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari L Grinna
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pavol Bohov
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Joshi L, Plastira I, Bernhart E, Reicher H, Koyani CN, Madl T, Madreiter-Sokolowski C, Koshenov Z, Graier WF, Hallström S, Sattler W. Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Aerobic Glycolysis, Lipogenesis, and Increased Amino Acid Uptake in BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041968. [PMID: 33671212 PMCID: PMC7923140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species are a family of bioactive lipids that transmit signals via six cognate G protein-coupled receptors, which are required for brain development and function of the nervous system. LPA affects the function of all cell types in the brain and can display beneficial or detrimental effects on microglia function. During earlier studies we reported that LPA treatment of microglia induces polarization towards a neurotoxic phenotype. In the present study we investigated whether these alterations are accompanied by the induction of a specific immunometabolic phenotype in LPA-treated BV-2 microglia. In response to LPA (1 µM) we observed slightly decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased lactate secretion and reduced ATP/ADP ratios indicating a switch towards aerobic glycolysis. Pathway analyses demonstrated induction of the Akt-mTOR-Hif1α axis under normoxic conditions. LPA treatment resulted in dephosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase, de-repression of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase and increased fatty acid content in the phospholipid and triacylglycerol fraction of BV-2 microglia lipid extracts, indicating de novo lipogenesis. LPA led to increased intracellular amino acid content at one or more time points. Finally, we observed LPA-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), upregulated protein expression of the Nrf2 target regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase and increased glutathione synthesis. Our observations suggest that LPA, as a bioactive lipid, induces subtle alterations of the immunometabolic program in BV-2 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Joshi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Helga Reicher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Chintan N. Koyani
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.J.); (I.P.); (E.B.); (H.R.); (C.N.K.); (T.M.); (C.M.-S.); (Z.K.); (W.F.G.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-71950
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10
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Koyani CN, Plastira I, Sourij H, Hallström S, Schmidt A, Rainer PP, Bugger H, Frank S, Malle E, von Lewinski D. Empagliflozin protects heart from inflammation and energy depletion via AMPK activation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104870. [PMID: 32434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) were originally developed as kidney-targeting anti-diabetic drugs. However, due to their beneficial cardiac off-target effects (as SGLT2 is not expressed in the heart), these antagonists currently receive intense clinical interest in the context of heart failure (HF) in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). Since the mechanisms by which these beneficial effects are mediated are still unclear yet, inflammation that is present in DM and HF has been proposed as a potential pharmacological intervention strategy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, displays anti-inflammatory potential along with its glucose-lowering property. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in vitro and in vivo. In cardiomyocytes and macrophages empagliflozin attenuated LPS-induced TNFα and iNOS expression. Analysis of intracellular signalling pathways suggested that empagliflozin activates AMP kinase (AMPK) in both cell types with or without LPS-treatment. Moreover, the SGLT2 inhibitor increased the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 marker proteins in LPS-treated macrophages. Additionally, empagliflozin-mediated AMPK activation prevented LPS-induced ATP/ADP depletion. In vivo administration of LPS in mice impaired cardiac contractility and aortic endothelial relaxation in response to acetylcholine, whereby co-administration of empagliflozin preserved cardiovascular function. These findings were accompanied by improved cardiac AMPK phosphorylation and ATP/ADP, reduced cardiac iNOS, plasma TNFα and creatine kinase MB levels. CONCLUSION Our data identify a novel cardio protective mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, suggesting that AMPK activation-mediated energy repletion and reduced inflammation contribute to the observed cardiovascular benefits of the drug in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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11
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Kiss A, Heber S, Kramer AM, Hackl M, Skalicky S, Hallström S, Podesser BK, Santer D. MicroRNA Expression Profile Changes after Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Ischemia/Reperfusion-Injury in a Porcine Model of Cardioplegic Arrest. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040240. [PMID: 32326306 PMCID: PMC7236010 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of microRNAs (miRNA) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and subsequent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion may unravel novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and temperature of cardioplegic arrest on myocardial miRNA profile in pigs' left ventricular tissue. We employed next-generation sequencing to analyse miRNA profiles in the following groups: (1) hearts were arrested with antegrade warm St Thomas Hospital No. 2 (STH2) cardioplegia (n = 5; STH2-warm, 37 °C) and (2) cold STH2 (n = 6; STH2-cold, 4 °C) cardioplegia. Sixty min of ischemia was followed by 60 min of on-pump reperfusion with an additional 90 min of off-pump reperfusion. In addition, two groups without cardiac arrest (off-pump and on-pump group; n = 3, respectively) served as additional controls. STH2-warm and STH2-cold cardioplegia revealed no hemodynamic differences. In contrast, coronary venous creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) levels were significantly lower in pigs receiving STH2-warm cardioplegia (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed that cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest markedly affected miRNAs in left ventricular tissue. Accordingly, ssc-miR-122, ssc-miR-10a-5p, ssc-miR-193a-3p, ssc-miR-499-3p, ssc-miR-374a-5p, ssc-miR-345-5p, ssc-miR-142-3p, ssc-miR-424-5p, ssc-miR-545-3p, ssc-miR-30b-5p, ssc-miR-145-5p, ssc-miR-374b-5p and ssc-miR-139-3p were differently regulated by cardiopulmonary bypass (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 versus off-pump group). However, only ssc-miR-451 was differently expressed between STH2-warm and STH2-cold (FDR < 0.05). These data demonstrate for the first time that cardiopulmonary bypass and temperature of cardioplegic solution affected the expression of miRNAs in left ventricular tissue. In conclusion, specific miRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for limiting ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (A.-M.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Stefan Heber
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anne-Margarethe Kramer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (A.-M.K.); (D.S.)
| | | | | | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (A.-M.K.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-52210
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (A.-M.K.); (D.S.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Radulović S, Gottschalk B, Hörl G, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Schilcher I, Hallström S, Vujić N, Schmidt K, Trieb M, Graier WF, Malli R, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S. Endothelial lipase increases eNOS activating capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158612. [PMID: 31923467 PMCID: PMC7116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) changes structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a relevant modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, but the effect of EL on HDL induced eNOS-activation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the impact of EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) on eNOS activity, subcellular trafficking, and eNOS- dependent vasorelaxation. EL-HDL and empty virus (EV)-HDL as control were isolated from human serum incubated with EL-overexpressing or EV infected HepG2 cells. EL-HDL exhibited higher capacity to induce eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS activity in EA.hy 926 cells, as well as eNOS-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse aortic rings compared to control HDL. As revealed by confocal and structured illumination-microscopy EL-HDL-driven induction of eNOS was accompanied by an increased eNOS-GFP targeting to the plasma membrane and a lower eNOS-GFP colocalization with Golgi and mitochondria. Widefield microscopy of filipin stained cells revealed that EL-HDL lowered cellular free cholesterol (FC) and as found by thin-layer chromatography increased cellular cholesterol ester (CE) content. Additionally, cholesterol efflux capacity, acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and HDL particle uptake were comparable between EL-HDL and control HDL. In conclusion, EL increases eNOS activating capacity of HDL, a phenomenon accompanied by an enrichment of the plasma membrane eNOS pool, a decreased cell membrane FC and increased cellular CE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo Zardoya-Laguardia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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13
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Santer D, Kramer A, Kiss A, Aumayr K, Hackl M, Heber S, Chambers DJ, Hallström S, Podesser BK. St Thomas' Hospital polarizing blood cardioplegia improves hemodynamic recovery in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1543-1554.e8. [PMID: 31753163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac surgery demands highly effective cardioprotective regimens. We previously demonstrated improved cardioprotection with "polarized" compared with "depolarized" arrest. This study uses a clinically relevant porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass to compare the efficacy of blood-based St Thomas' Hospital polarizing cardioplegia (STH-Pol-B) with blood-based St Thomas' Hospital hyperkalemic cardioplegia (STH2-B). METHODS Pigs were monitored and subjected to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest via antegrade cold (4°C) blood cardioplegia (STH2-B, control group: n = 6 or STH-Pol-B, study group: n = 7), and global ischemia (60 minutes) followed by on-pump reperfusion (60 minutes) and subsequent off-pump reperfusion (90 minutes). At termination, tissue samples were taken for analysis of high-energy phosphates, ultrastructure, and microRNAs. The primary endpoint of this study was creatine kinase-muscle/brain release during reperfusion. RESULTS Creatine kinase-muscle/brain was comparable in both groups. After pigs were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure (P = .007), left ventricular systolic pressure (P < .001), external heart work (P = .012), stroke volume (P = .015), as well as dp/dtmax (P = .027), were improved with polarizing cardioplegia. Wedge pressure was significantly lower in the study group (P < .01). Energy charge was comparable between groups. MicroRNA-708-5p was significantly lower (P = .019) and microRNA-122 expression significantly (P = .046) greater in STH-Pol-B hearts. CONCLUSIONS Polarized cardiac arrest offers similar myocardial protection and enhances functional recovery in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Differential expression of microRNAs may indicate possible new ischemia-reperfusion markers. These results confirm the noninferiority and potential of polarized versus depolarized arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Kramer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Aumayr
- Clinical Institute for Pathology, AKH Wien, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Heber
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David J Chambers
- Cardiac Surgical Research, The Rayne Institute (King's College London), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Hallström
- Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Schilcher I, Ledinski G, Radulović S, Hallström S, Eichmann T, Madl T, Zhang F, Leitinger G, Kolb-Lenz D, Darnhofer B, Birner-Gruenberger R, Wadsack C, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S, Cvirn G. Endothelial lipase increases antioxidative capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1363-1374. [PMID: 31220617 PMCID: PMC6699986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) is a strong determinant of structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We examined whether the antioxidative capacity of HDL is affected by EL. EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) and control EV-HDL were generated by incubation of HDL with EL- overexpressing or control HepG2 cells. As determined by native gradient gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering EL-HDL is smaller than EV-HDL. Mass spectrometry revealed an enrichment of EL-HDL with lipolytic products and depletion of phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Kinetics of conjugated diene formation and HPLC-based malondialdehyde quantification revealed that EL-HDL exhibited a significantly higher resistance to copper ion-induced oxidation and a significantly higher capacity to protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from copper ion-induced oxidation when compared to EV-HDL. Depletion of the lipolytic products from EL-HDL abolished the capacity of EL-HDL to protect LDL from copper ion-induced oxidation, which could be partially restored by lysophosphatidylcholine enrichment. Proteomics of HDL incubated with oxidized LDL revealed significantly higher levels of methionine 136 sulfoxide in EL-HDL compared to EV-HDL. Chloramine T (oxidizes methionines and modifies free thiols), diminished the difference between EL-HDL and EV-HDL regarding the capacity to protect LDL from oxidation. In absence of LDL small EV-HDL and EL-HDL exhibited higher resistance to copper ion-induced oxidation when compared to respective large particles. In conclusion, the augmented antioxidative capacity of EL-HDL is primarily determined by the enrichment of HDL with EL-generated lipolytic products and to a lesser extent by the decreased HDL particle size and the increased activity of chloramine T-sensitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb-Lenz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Kiss A, Shu H, Hamza O, Santer D, Tretter EV, Yao S, Markstaller K, Hallström S, Podesser BK, Klein KU. Argon preconditioning enhances postischaemic cardiac functional recovery following cardioplegic arrest and global cold ischaemia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 54:539-546. [PMID: 29547976 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies demonstrated that preconditioning with argon gas provided a marked reduction in inflammation and apoptosis and increased myocardial contractility in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). There is substantial evidence that myocardial IR injury following cardioplegic arrest is associated with the enhancement of apoptosis and inflammation, which is considered to play a role in cardiac functional impairment. Therefore, the present study was designed to clarify whether preconditioning with argon gas enhances recovery of cardiac function following cardioplegic arrest. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized and ventilated and allocated to (i) the control group (control IR, n = 10) and (ii) the in vivo group (argon IR), which received 3 cycles of argon (50% argon, 21% oxygen and 29% nitrogen, n = 10) administered for 5 min interspersed with 5 min of a gas mixture (79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen). The hearts were excised and then evaluated in an erythrocyte-perfused isolated working heart system. Cold ischaemia (4°C) for 60 min was induced by histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia, followed by 40 min of reperfusion. Cardiac functional parameters were assessed. In left ventricular tissue samples, the expressions of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt), jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and HMGB1: high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein were assessed by western blot, and high-energy phosphates were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS At the end of reperfusion, the rats preconditioned with argon showed significantly enhanced recovery of cardiac output (101 ± 6% vs 87 ± 11%; P < 0.01), stroke volume (94 ± 4% vs 80 ± 11%; P = 0.001), external heart work (100 ± 6% vs 81 ± 13%; P < 0.001) and coronary flow (90 ± 13% vs 125 ± 21%; P < 0.01) compared with the control IR group. These results were accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of myocardial phosphocreatine (23.71 ± 2.07 µmol/g protein vs the control IR group, 13.50 ± 4.75; P = 0.001) and maintained adenosine triphosphate levels (13.62 ±1.89 µmol/g protein vs control IR group adenosine triphosphate: 10.08 ± 1.94 µmol/g; P = 0.017). Additionally, preconditioning with argon markedly reduced the activation of JNK (0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.25 ± 0.03; P = 0.005) and the expression of HMGB1 protein (0.52 ± 0.04 vs 1.5 ± 0.10; P < 0.001) following reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning with argon enhanced cardiac functional recovery in rat hearts arrested with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia, thereby representing a potential novel cardioprotective approach in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huaqing Shu
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ouafa Hamza
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Verena Tretter
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Klaus Markstaller
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Ulrich Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Aass T, Stangeland L, Chambers DJ, Hallström S, Rossmann C, Podesser BK, Urban M, Nesheim K, Haaverstad R, Matre K, Grong K. Myocardial energy metabolism and ultrastructure with polarizing and depolarizing cardioplegia in a porcine model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 52:180-188. [PMID: 28329148 PMCID: PMC5848816 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether the novel St. Thomas’ Hospital polarizing cardioplegic solution (STH-POL) with esmolol/adenosine/magnesium offers improved myocardial protection by reducing demands for high-energy phosphates during cardiac arrest compared to the depolarizing St. Thomas’ Hospital cardioplegic solution No 2 (STH-2). METHODS: Twenty anaesthetised pigs on tepid cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized to cardiac arrest for 60 min with antegrade freshly mixed, repeated, cold, oxygenated STH-POL or STH-2 blood cardioplegia every 20 min. Haemodynamic variables were continuously recorded. Left ventricular biopsies, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or fixed in glutaraldehyde, were obtained at Baseline, 58 min after cross-clamp and 20 and 180 min after weaning from bypass. Adenine nucleotides were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, myocardial ultrastructure with morphometry. RESULTS: With STH-POL myocardial creatine phosphate was increased compared to STH-2 at 58 min of cross-clamp [59.9 ± 6.4 (SEM) vs 44.5 ± 7.4 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.025], and at 20 min after reperfusion (61.0 ± 6.7 vs 49.0 ± 5.5 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.05), ATP levels were increased at 20 min of reperfusion with STH-POL (35.4 ± 1.1 vs 32.4 ± 1.2 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.05). Mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio was decreased with polarizing compared to depolarizing cardioplegia 20 min after reperfusion (6.74 ± 0.14 vs 7.46 ± 0.13 µm2/µm3; P = 0.047). None of these differences were present at 180 min of reperfusion. From 150 min of reperfusion and onwards, cardiac index was increased with STH-POL; 4.8 ± 0.2 compared to 4.0 ± 0.2 l/min/m2 (P = 0.011) for STH-2 at 180 min. CONCLUSIONS: Polarizing STH-POL cardioplegia improved energy status compared to standard STH-2 depolarizing blood cardioplegia during cardioplegic arrest and early after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Aass
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lodve Stangeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J Chambers
- Cardiac Surgical Research, The Rayne Institute (King's College London), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Department of Biomedical Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malte Urban
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Nesheim
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Haaverstad
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Matre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil Grong
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Lindquist C, Bjørndal B, Rossmann CR, Svardal A, Hallström S, Berge RK. A fatty acid analogue targeting mitochondria exerts a plasma triacylglycerol lowering effect in rats with impaired carnitine biosynthesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194978. [PMID: 29590220 PMCID: PMC5874065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine is important for the catabolism of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria. We investigated how the triacylglycerol (TAG)-lowering drug 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA) influenced lipid metabolism in carnitine-depleted, 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate dehydrate (Mildronate; meldonium)-treated male Wistar rats. As indicated, carnitine biosynthesis was impaired by Mildronate. However, TAG levels of both plasma and liver were decreased by 1-triple TTA in Mildronate-treated animals. This was accompanied by increased gene expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial activity and proliferation and reduced mRNA levels of Dgat2, ApoB and ApoCIII in liver. The hepatic energy state was reduced in the group of Mildronate and 1-triple TTA as reflected by increased AMP/ATP ratio, reduced energy charge and induced gene expression of uncoupling proteins 2 and 3. The increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was observed despite low plasma carnitine levels, and was linked to strongly induced gene expression of carnitine acetyltransferase, translocase and carnitine transporter, suggesting an efficient carnitine turnover. The present data suggest that the plasma TAG-lowering effect of 1-triple TTA in Mildronate-treated rats is not only due to increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation reflected by increased mitochondrial biogenesis, but also to changes in plasma clearance and reduced TAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Rossmann C, Nusshold C, Paar M, Ledinski G, Tafeit E, Koestenberger M, Bernhart EM, Sattler W, Cvirn G, Hallström S. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits oxidation of LDL in vitro and attenuates oxLDL toxicity in EA.hy926 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191477. [PMID: 29370236 PMCID: PMC5784938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethyl pyruvate (EP) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EP is capable of inhibiting the oxidation of LDL, a crucial step in atherogenesis. Additionally, we examined whether EP attenuates the cytotoxic effects of highly oxidized LDL in the human vascular endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Methods Native LDL (nLDL) was oxidized using Cu2+ ions in the presence of increasing amounts of EP. The degree of LDL oxidation was quantified by measuring lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, relative electrophoretic mobilities (REMs), and oxidation-specific immune epitopes. The cytotoxicity of these oxLDLs on EA.hy926 cells was assessed by measuring cell viability and superoxide levels. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of highly oxidized LDL on EA.hy926 cells under increasing concentrations of EP in the media was assessed including measurements of high energy phosphates (ATP). Results Oxidation of nLDL using Cu2+ ions was remarkably inhibited by EP in a concentration-dependent manner, reflected by decreased levels of LPO, MDA, REM, oxidation-specific epitopes, and diminished cytotoxicity of the obtained oxLDLs in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of highly oxidized LDL on EA.hy926 cells was remarkably attenuated by EP added to the media in a concentration-dependent manner reflected by a decrease in superoxide and an increase in viability and ATP levels. Conclusions EP has the potential for an anti-atherosclerotic drug by attenuating both, the oxidation of LDL and the cytotoxic effect of (already formed) oxLDL in EA.hy926 cells. Chronic administration of EP might be beneficial to impede the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nusshold
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Maria Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Eroglu E, Hallström S, Bischof H, Opelt M, Schmidt K, Mayer B, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Graier WF, Malli R. Real-time visualization of distinct nitric oxide generation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in single cells. Nitric Oxide 2017; 70:59-67. [PMID: 28882669 PMCID: PMC6002809 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The members of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family, eNOS, nNOS and iNOS, are well-characterized enzymes. However, due to the lack of suitable direct NO sensors, little is known about the kinetic properties of cellular NO generation by the different nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes. Very recently, we developed a novel class of fluorescent protein-based NO-probes, the geNOps, which allow real-time measurement of cellular NO generation and fluctuation. By applying these genetic NO biosensors to nNOS-, eNOS- and iNOS-expressing HEK293 cells we were able to characterize the respective NO dynamics in single cells that exhibited identical Ca2+ signaling as comparable activator of nNOS and eNOS. Our data demonstrate that upon Ca2+ mobilization nNOS-derived NO signals occur instantly and strictly follow the Ca2+ elevation while NO release by eNOS occurs gradually and sustained. To detect high NO levels in cells expressing iNOS, a new ratiometric probe based on two fluorescent proteins was developed. This novel geNOp variant allows the measurement of the high NO levels in cells expressing iNOS. Moreover, we used this probe to study the L-arginine-dependency of NO generation by iNOS on the level of single cells. Our experiments highlight that the geNOps technology is suitable to detect obvious differences in the kinetics, amplitude and substrate-dependence of cellular NO signals-derived from all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Eroglu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marissa Opelt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Paar M, Rossmann C, Nusshold C, Wagner T, Schlagenhauf A, Leschnik B, Oettl K, Koestenberger M, Cvirn G, Hallström S. Anticoagulant action of low, physiologic, and high albumin levels in whole blood. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182997. [PMID: 28800610 PMCID: PMC5553770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein. Critical illness is often associated with altered, predominately decreased, serum albumin levels. This hypoalbuminaemia is usually corrected by administration of exogenous albumin. This study aimed to track the concentration-dependent influence of albumin on blood coagulation in vitro. Whole blood (WB) samples from 25 volunteers were prepared to contain low (19.3 ± 7.7 g/L), physiological (45.2 ± 7.8 g/L), and high (67.5 ± 18.1 g/L) levels of albumin. Haemostatic profiling was performed using a platelet function analyzer (PFA) 200, impedance aggregometry, a Cone and Platelet analyzer (CPA), calibrated automated thrombogram, and thrombelastometry (TEM). Platelet aggregation-associated ATP release was assessed via HPLC analysis. In the low albumin group, when compared to the physiological albumin group, we found: i) shortened PFA 200-derived closure times indicating increased primary haemostasis; ii) increased impedance aggregometry-derived amplitudes, slopes, ATP release, as well as CPA-derived average size indicating improved platelet aggregation; iii) increased TEM-derived maximum clot firmness and alpha angles indicating enhanced clot formation. TEM measurements indicated impaired clot formation in the high albumin group compared with the physiological albumin group. Thus, albumin exerted significant anticoagulant action. Therefore, low albumin levels, often present in cancer or critically ill patients, might contribute to the frequently occurring venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Paar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nusshold
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Bettina Leschnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Oettl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Barac A, Mitulovic G, Hallström S, Zehetmayer S, Grasl MC, Erovic BM. Impact of combined treatment with nimesulide and cisplatin on oral carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3607-3616. [PMID: 28790852 PMCID: PMC5530852 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant advances in diagnosis and therapy, the rate of survival of patients with oral cancers still remains poor as an appropriate treatment has not been found yet, due to side effects of chemo/radiotherapy. Aim This study aimed to identify molecular mechanisms of cell death of oral cancer cells caused by treatment with a nonselective Cox-2 inhibitor in combination with a low-dose chemotherapeutic drug. Methods Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells SCC9 and SCC25 were subjected to mono- and combination therapy with nimesulide and cisplatin. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunohistochemistry, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), microarray gene chips, and isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) system were used. Results Increased numbers of apoptotic and necrotic SCC9/SCC25 cells were detected after combined exposure. ATP levels and the energy charge of SCC9 cells were significantly decreased after both individual and combined treatment. We detected and quantified a responsible gene, keratin 6a, and 540 relevant proteins. In SCC25 cells, ATP levels significantly decreased only after combination therapy. After combined treatment of SCC9 cells, significant upregulation of Histon-H2A/H2B/H4 was found, with a local discovery false rate of 0.003 for Histon-H2A and 0.0027 for Histon-H2B, respectively. Conclusion Compared to the single-drug treatment, combined treatment of the oral cancer cells with nimesulide and cisplatin increases and induces necrosis and apoptosis through different pathways. A significant effect of the cytoplasmic increase was also observed in histones of cell lines SCC9 and SCC25 that were previously treated with combined nimesulide and cisplatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Barac
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Matthaeus Ch Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Lindquist C, Bjørndal B, Rossmann CR, Tusubira D, Svardal A, Røsland GV, Tronstad KJ, Hallström S, Berge RK. Increased hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation reduces plasma and liver TG levels and is associated with regulation of UCPs and APOC-III in rats. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1362-1373. [PMID: 28473603 PMCID: PMC5496034 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondrial function, APOC-III, and LPL are potential targets for triglyceride (TG)-lowering drugs. After 3 weeks of dietary treatment with the compound 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA), the hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation increased more than 5-fold in male Wistar rats. Gene expression analysis in liver showed significant downregulation of APOC-III and upregulation of LPL and the VLDL receptor. This led to lower hepatic (53%) and plasma (73%) TG levels. Concomitantly, liver-specific biomarkers related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function (mitochondrial DNA, citrate synthase activity, and cytochrome c and TFAM gene expression) were elevated. Interestingly, 1-triple TTA lowered plasma acetylcarnitine levels, whereas the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate was increased. The hepatic energy state was reduced in 1-triple TTA-treated rats, as reflected by increased AMP/ATP and decreased ATP/ADP ratios, whereas the energy state remained unchanged in muscle and heart. The 1-triple TTA administration induced gene expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and UCP3 in liver. In conclusion, the 1-triple TTA-mediated clearance of blood TG may result from lowered APOC-III production, increased hepatic LPL gene expression, mitochondrial FA oxidation, and (re)uptake of VLDL facilitating drainage of FAs to the liver for β-oxidation and production of ketone bodies as extrahepatic fuel. The possibility that UCP2 and UCP3 mediate a moderate degree of mitochondrial uncoupling should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Lindquist
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Rungatscher A, Milani E, Covajes C, Hallström S, Gottin L, Guidi GC, Luciani GB, Faggian G. Blood transfusions may impair endothelium-dependent vasodilatation during coronary artery bypass surgery. Microvasc Res 2017; 112:109-114. [PMID: 28385576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hemolytic product free-hemoglobin (fHb) reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The present study aims to establish whether administration of different blood transfusions result in increased circulating fHb levels and NO consumption with effects on arterial NO-dependent blood flow in patients undergoing CABG surgery. METHODS Ninety-five consecutive patients undergoing elective CABG surgery were prospectively divided in four groups based on blood transfusion requirements during surgery: stored blood cells (SBC, n. 21), intraoperative autologous salvaged blood (ASB, n. 25), SBC and ASB (n.22), no transfusion (control, n. 27). Blood samples were collected before and after intervention to analyse plasma levels of fHb and NO consumption. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed in left internal mammary artery (LIMA) rings harvested before chest closure. Peripheral artery tonometry was assessed after intervention. RESULTS Transfusions with SBC increased plasma fHb (p<0.05). Transfusions of ASB resulted in higher plasma fHb compared to SBC (p<0.01). fHb concentrations directly correlated with NO consumption (r=0.65, p<0.001). Maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation in LIMA was significantly attenuated in SBC and ASB patients compared to control (15.2±3.1% vs 21.1±2.5% vs 43±5.0% respectively; p<0.01). Significant correlations were identified between the aortic pressure wave velocity, plasma fHb concentration and NO consumption (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative blood transfusions and particularly autologous salvaged blood impair endothelium-dependent relaxation through NO scavenging by fHb. These findings obtained in vitro and in vivo provide new insights into the adverse relation between blood transfusions and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rungatscher
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Milani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Covajes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Leonardo Gottin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Guidi
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Radulović S, Kirsch A, Schilcher I, Lechleitner M, Nusshold C, Hallström S, Frank S. The capacity of el modified serum/Apo B depleted serum to protect vascular endothelial function. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Stochastic foam models are generated from Voronoi spatial partitioning, using the centers of equi-sized hard spheres in random periodic distributions as seed points. Models with different levels of polydispersity are generated by varying the packing of the spheres. Subsequent relaxation is then performed with the Surface Evolver software which minimizes the surface area for better resemblance with real foam structures. The polydispersity of the Voronoi precursors is conserved when the models are converted into equilibrium models. The relation between the sphere packing fraction and the resulting degree of volumetric polydispersity is examined and the relations between the polydispersity and a number of associated morphology parameters are then investigated for both the Voronoi and the equilibrium models. Comparisons with data from real foams in the literature indicate that the used method is somewhat limited in terms of spread in cell volume but it provides a very controlled way of varying the foam morphology while keeping it periodic and truly stochastic. The study shows several strikingly consistent relations between the spread in cell volume and other geometric parameters, considering the stochastic nature of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köll
- Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hallström
- Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Rungatscher A, Daniele L, San Biagio L, Bombieri S, Hallström S, Luciani G, Faggian G. Autologous Transfusion of Stored Red Blood Cells Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. This Effect Is Reversed by Inhaled Nitric Oxide. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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27
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Eroglu E, Gottschalk B, Charoensin S, Blass S, Bischof H, Rost R, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Pelzmann B, Bernhart E, Sattler W, Hallström S, Malinski T, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Graier WF, Malli R. Development of novel FP-based probes for live-cell imaging of nitric oxide dynamics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10623. [PMID: 26842907 PMCID: PMC4743004 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide () is a free radical with a wide range of biological effects, but practically impossible to visualize in single cells. Here we report the development of novel multicoloured fluorescent quenching-based probes by fusing a bacteria-derived -binding domain close to distinct fluorescent protein variants. These genetically encoded probes, referred to as geNOps, provide a selective, specific and real-time read-out of cellular dynamics and, hence, open a new era of bioimaging. The combination of geNOps with a Ca(2+) sensor allowed us to visualize and Ca(2+) signals simultaneously in single endothelial cells. Moreover, targeting of the probes was used to detect signals within mitochondria. The geNOps are useful new tools to further investigate and understand the complex patterns of signalling on the single (sub)cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Eroglu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Suphachai Charoensin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Blass
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- Institute of Biophysics, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tadeusz Malinski
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 350 West State Street, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Hörl G, Froehlich H, Ferstl U, Ledinski G, Binder J, Cvirn G, Stojakovic T, Trauner M, Koidl C, Tafeit E, Amrein K, Scharnagl H, Jürgens G, Hallström S. Simvastatin Efficiently Lowers Small LDL-IgG Immune Complex Levels: A Therapeutic Quality beyond the Lipid-Lowering Effect. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148210. [PMID: 26840480 PMCID: PMC4739583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated a polyethylene glycol non-precipitable low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction targeted by IgG and the influence of statin therapy on plasma levels of these small LDL-IgG-immune complexes (LDL-IgG-IC). LDL-subfractions were isolated from 6 atherosclerotic subjects and 3 healthy individuals utilizing iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation. Cholesterol, apoB and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in each fraction by enzymatic testing, dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The levels of LDL-IgG-IC were quantified densitometrically following lipid electrophoresis, particle size distribution was assessed with dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. The influence of simvastatin (40 mg/day for three months) on small LDL-IgG-IC levels and their distribution among LDL-subfractions (salt gradient separation) were investigated in 11 patients with confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). We demonstrate that the investigated LDL-IgG-IC are small particles present in atherosclerotic patients and healthy subjects. In vitro assembly of LDL-IgG-IC resulted in particle density shifts indicating a composition of one single molecule of IgG per LDL particle. Normalization on cholesterol levels revealed MDA values twice as high for LDL-subfractions rich in small LDL-IgG-IC if compared to dominant LDL-subfractions. Reactivity of affinity purified small LDL-IgG-IC to monoclonal antibody OB/04 indicates a high degree of modified apoB and oxidative modification. Simvastatin therapy studied in the CAD patients significantly lowered LDL levels and to an even higher extent, small LDL-IgG-IC levels without affecting their distribution. In conclusion simvastatin lowers levels of small LDL-IgG-IC more effectively than LDL-cholesterol and LDL-apoB levels in atherosclerotic patients. This antiatherogenic effect may additionally contribute to the known beneficial effects of this drug in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Hörl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Harald Froehlich
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrika Ferstl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josepha Binder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Koidl
- Institute of Hygiene, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Amrein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Jürgens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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El-Gamal D, Frank S, Hallström S, Marsche G. The authors reply. Kidney Int 2015; 87:861-2. [PMID: 25826551 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Gamal
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Trescher K, Dzilic E, Kreibich M, Gasser H, Aumayr K, Kerjaschki D, Pelzmann B, Hallström S, Podesser BK. The nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso human serum albumin, as an adjunct to HTK-N cardioplegia improves protection during cardioplegic arrest after myocardial infarction in rats. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 20:387-94. [PMID: 25468794 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently available cardioplegic solutions provide excellent protection in patients with normal surgical risk; in high-risk patients, however, such as in emergency coronary artery bypass surgery, there is still room for improvement. As most of the cardioplegic solutions primarily protect myocytes, the addition of substances for protection of the endothelium might improve their protective potential. The nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso human serum albumin (S-NO-HSA), which has been shown to prevent endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, was added to the newly developed histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarat (HTK-N) cardioplegia in an isolated heart perfusion system after subjecting rats to acute myocardial infarction (MI) and reperfusion. METHODS In male Sprague-Dawley rats, acute MI was induced by ligation for 1 h of the anterior descending coronary artery. After 2 h of in vivo reperfusion hearts were evaluated on an isolated erythrocyte-perfused working heart model. Cold ischaemia (4°C) for 60 min was followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Cardiac arrest was induced either with HTK (n = 10), HTK-N (n = 10) or HTK-N + S-NO-HSA (n = 10). In one group (HTK-N + S-NO-HSA plus in vivo S-NO-HSA; n = 9) an additional in vivo infusion of S-NO-HSA was performed. RESULTS Post-ischaemic recovery of cardiac output (HTK: 77 ± 4%, HTK-N: 86 ± 7%, HTK-N + S-NO-HSA: 101 ± 5%, in vivo S-NO-HSA: 93 ± 8%), external heart work (HTK: 79 ± 5%, HTK-N: 83 ± 3%, HTK-N + S-NO-HSA: 101 ± 8%, in vivo S-NO-HSA: 109 ± 13%), coronary flow (HTK: 77 ± 4%, HTK-N: 94 ± 6%, HTK-N + S-NO-HSA: 118 ± 15%, in vivo S-NO-HSA: 113 ± 3.17%) [HTK-N + S-NO-HSA vs HTK P < 0.001; HTK-N + S-NO-HSA vs HTK-N P < 0.05] and left atrial diastolic pressure (HTK: 122 ± 31%, HTK-N: 159 ± 43%, HTK-N + S-NO-HSA: 88 ± 30, in vivo S-NO-HSA: 62 ± 10%) [HTK-N + S-NO-HSA vs HTK P < 0.05; in vivo S-NO-HSA vs HTK-N P < 0.05] were significantly improved in both S-NO-HSA-treated groups compared with HTK and HTK-N, respectively. This was accompanied by better preservation of high-energy phosphates (adenosine triphosphate; energy charge) and ultrastructural integrity on transmission electron microscopy. However, no additional benefit of in vivo S-NO-HSA infusion was observed. CONCLUSIONS Addition of the NO donor, S-NO-HSA refines the concept of HTK-N cardioplegia in improving post-ischaemic myocardial perfusion. HTK-N with S-NO-HSA is a possible therapeutic option for patients who have to be operated on for acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Trescher
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LK St. Pölten, Pölten, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Kreibich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Gasser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Aumayr
- Department of Pathology, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- Institute of Biophysics, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LK St. Pölten, Pölten, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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El-Gamal D, Rao SP, Holzer M, Hallström S, Haybaeck J, Gauster M, Wadsack C, Kozina A, Frank S, Schicho R, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A, Marsche G. The urea decomposition product cyanate promotes endothelial dysfunction. Kidney Int 2014; 86:923-31. [PMID: 24940796 PMCID: PMC4216595 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease is attributable in a significant proportion to endothelial dysfunction. Cyanate, a reactive species in equilibrium with urea, is formed in excess in chronic kidney disease. Cyanate is thought to have a causal role in promoting cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Immunohistochemical analysis performed in the present study revealed that carbamylated epitopes associate mainly with endothelial cells in human atherosclerotic lesions. Cyanate treatment of human coronary artery endothelial cells reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and increased tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. In mice, administration of cyanate, promoting protein carbamylation at levels observed in uremic patients, attenuated arterial vasorelaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine without affecting the sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. Total endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production were significantly reduced in aortic tissue of cyanate-treated mice. This coincided with a marked increase of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein levels in aortas of cyanate-treated mice. Thus, cyanate compromises endothelial functionality in vitro and in vivo. This may contribute to the dramatic cardiovascular risk of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Gamal
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Holzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kozina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Frank S, Opresnik S, Rao S, Hrzenjak A, Hallström S, Kozina A, Sreckovic I, Wadsack C, Holzer M, Marsche G, Birner-Gruenberger R, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H. Endothelial lipase attenuates vasorelaxing capacity of HDL. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kozina A, Opresnik S, Hallström S, Schmidt K, Malli R, Graier W, Frank S. Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and no bioavailability in endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hörl G, Ledinski G, Kager G, Hallström S, Tafeit E, Koestenberger M, Jürgens G, Cvirn G. In vitro oxidation of LDL by ozone. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:18-21. [PMID: 24835738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that ozone is present in atherosclerotic lesions. Since these lesions are characterized by a dramatic accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), we aimed to investigate whether ozone is capable of oxidizing LDL, thereby rendering this lipoprotein atherogenic. Lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentrations and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to assess the oxidative status of the lipid part of LDL. Relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) and oxidation-specific immune epitopes were measured to assess the oxidative status of the protein part (apoB) of the LDL particle. Ozone turned out to be a potent oxidant of LDL. LPO concentrations, TBARS, REM, and oxidation-specific immune epitopes significantly increased upon ozonization. Our results suggest that ozonization of LDL may be a novel pathway which supports atherogenesis. Ozone is capable of oxidizing the lipid part of LDL, followed by immediate oxidation of the protein part of LDL, rendering the lipoprotein atherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Hörl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Kager
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Günther Jürgens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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Deak AT, Blass S, Khan MJ, Groschner LN, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Hallström S, Graier WF, Malli R. IP3-mediated STIM1 oligomerization requires intact mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2944-55. [PMID: 24806964 PMCID: PMC4077590 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contribute to cell signaling by controlling store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is activated by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereupon stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) forms oligomers, redistributes to ER–plasma-membrane junctions and opens plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. The mechanisms by which mitochondria interfere with the complex process of SOCE are insufficiently clarified. In this study, we used an shRNA approach to investigate the direct involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering in SOCE. We demonstrate that knockdown of either of two proteins that are essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), results in decelerated STIM1 oligomerization and impaired SOCE following cell stimulation with an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-generating agonist. Upon artificially augmented cytosolic Ca2+ buffering or ER Ca2+ depletion by sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitors, STIM1 oligomerization did not rely on intact mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. However, MCU-dependent mitochondrial sequestration of Ca2+ entering through the SOCE pathway was essential to prevent slow deactivation of SOCE. Our findings show a stimulus-specific contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake to the SOCE machinery, likely through a role in shaping cytosolic Ca2+ micro-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras T Deak
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Blass
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad J Khan
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas N Groschner
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- The Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010-Graz, Austria
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Rungatscher A, Hallström S, Linardi D, Milani E, Gandhi K, Luciani G, Mazzucco A, Faggian G. S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin Vs Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Experimental Right Ventricular Failure on Prolonged Overcirculation-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Fügl A, Gasser H, Watzak G, Bucher A, Feierfeil J, Jürgens G, Watzek G, Hallström S, Gruber R. S-nitroso albumin enhances bone formation in a rabbit calvaria model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:381-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Santer D, Dietl W, Trescher K, Kreibich M, Dzilic E, Nagel F, Hallström S, Aumayr K, Fallouh H, Chambers D, Podesser B. The new St Thomas' Hospital polarized cardioplegia: improved efficacy of myocardial protection in pigs on CPB. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vishnu N, Jadoon Khan M, Karsten F, Groschner LN, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Rost R, Hallström S, Imamura H, Graier WF, Malli R. ATP increases within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum upon intracellular Ca2+ release. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:368-79. [PMID: 24307679 PMCID: PMC3907277 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) essentially depend on ATP within this organelle. However, little is known about ER ATP dynamics and the regulation of ER ATP import. Here we describe real-time recordings of ER ATP fluxes in single cells using an ER-targeted, genetically encoded ATP sensor. In vitro experiments prove that the ATP sensor is both Ca(2+) and redox insensitive, which makes it possible to monitor Ca(2+)-coupled ER ATP dynamics specifically. The approach uncovers a cell type-specific regulation of ER ATP homeostasis in different cell types. Moreover, we show that intracellular Ca(2+) release is coupled to an increase of ATP within the ER. The Ca(2+)-coupled ER ATP increase is independent of the mode of Ca(2+) mobilization and controlled by the rate of ATP biosynthesis. Furthermore, the energy stress sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase, is essential for the ATP increase that occurs in response to Ca(2+) depletion of the organelle. Our data highlight a novel Ca(2+)-controlled process that supplies the ER with additional energy upon cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjan Vishnu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad Jadoon Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Felix Karsten
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas N. Groschner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Stochastic cellular models of rigid foam based on Voronoi spatial partitioning are generated and investigated for potential use in numerical analysis using finite element methods. Such partitions are deterministic once a distribution of cell nuclei has been defined. A drawback is that the models tend to exhibit a significant share of short edges and small faces. Such small geometrical features are not likely to occur in real foams since they are unfavorable from a surface energy point of view and they also generate problems in numerical analysis due to associated meshing challenges. Through minimization of the surface area, using the computer software Surface Evolver, the Voronoi models are brought to better resemblance with ideal dry foam and the occurrence of small geometrical features is strongly reduced. It is generally seen that different seed point distribution algorithms result in different model topologies. The presented methodology is systematic, parameterized and the results are very promising. Good grounds are provided for modeling of real rigid foam materials, that do not necessarily fully resemble ideal dry foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köll
- Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hallström
- Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rungatscher A, Hallström S, Giacomazzi A, Linardi D, Milani E, Tessari M, Luciani GB, Scarabelli TM, Mazzucco A, Faggian G. Role of calcium desensitization in the treatment of myocardial dysfunction after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Crit Care 2013; 17:R245. [PMID: 24138817 PMCID: PMC4056352 DOI: 10.1186/cc13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rewarming from deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) produces calcium desensitization by troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation which results in myocardial dysfunction. This study investigated the acute overall hemodynamic and metabolic effects of epinephrine and levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, on myocardial function after rewarming from DHCA. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (400 to 500 g) underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) through central cannulation and were cooled to a core temperature of 13°C to 15°C within 30 minutes. After DHCA (20 minutes) and CPB-assisted rewarming (60 minutes) rats were randomly assigned to 60 minute intravenous infusion with levosimendan (0.2 μg/kg/min; n = 15), epinephrine (0.1 μg/kg/min; n = 15) or saline (control; n = 10). Systolic and diastolic functions were evaluated at different preloads with a conductance catheter. Results The slope of left ventricular end-systolic pressure volume relationship (Ees) and preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) recovered significantly better with levosimendan compared to epinephrine (Ees: 85 ± 9% vs 51 ± 11%, P<0.003 and PRSW: 78 ± 5% vs 48 ± 8%, P<0.005; baseline: 100%). Levosimendan but not epinephrine reduced left ventricular stiffness shown by the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and improved ventricular relaxation (Tau). Levosimendan preserved ATP myocardial content as well as energy charge and reduced plasma lactate concentrations. In normothermia experiments epinephrine in contrast to Levosimendan increased cTnI phosphorylation 3.5-fold. After rewarming from DHCA, cTnI phosphorylation increased 4.5-fold in the saline and epinephrine group compared to normothermia but remained unchanged with levosimendan. Conclusions Levosimendan due to prevention of calcium desensitization by cTnI phosphorylation is more effective than epinephrine for treatment of myocardial dysfunction after rewarming from DHCA.
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Trescher K, Hasun M, Baumgartner A, Dietl W, Wolfsberger M, Hallström S, Podesser BK. New HTK-N46B cardioplegia provides superior protection during ischemia/reperfusion in failing hearts. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2013; 54:413-421. [PMID: 23389583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper was to improve operative outcome during open-heart surgery in patients with failing hearts, the composition of cardioplegic solutions has to be further optimized. HTK-N46b, a novel cardioplegic solution, has been developed for efficient protection of the energy state of myocytes as well as endothelial cells. Aim of this study is the evaluation of HTK-N46b in comparison to its precursor Custodiol® (HTK) in failing rat hearts undergoing ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In male Sprague Dawley rats myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by LAD ligation. Six weeks after MI cardiac function was determined by transthoracic echocardiography. Sixteen animals with hearts showing a fractional shortening <25% were randomly assigned to two groups, HTK (N.=8) and HTK-N46b (N.=8). After excision hearts were evaluated in an erythrocyte-perfused isolated working heart model. Cold ischemia (4°C) for 60 minutes was followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac arrest was induced either with HTK or HTK-N46b at the beginning of ischemia. RESULTS At similar preischemic fractional shortening (HTK-N46b: 14.41±1.83% vs. HTK: 14.91±1.92%; NS) postischemic recovery of stroke volume and stroke work were significantly improved in the HTK-N46b rat hearts compared to HTK. Concerning recovery of coronary flow there was no difference between groups. At the end of reperfusion the HTK-N46b protected group revealed higher levels of ATP (HTK-N46b: 22.01±0.89 nmol/mg protein vs. HTK: 16.83±1.72 nmol/mg protein; P<0.05) and energy charge (HTK-N46b: 0.82±0.02 vs. HTK: 0.74±0.02; P<0.05). CONCLUSION HTK-N46b showed superior cardioprotective properties according to postischemic hemodynamic recovery and biochemical markers compared to HTK in failing rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trescher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rao SP, Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hermansson M, Desoye G, Hallström S, Graier WF, Frank S. Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65155. [PMID: 23741477 PMCID: PMC3669280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we identified palmitoyl-, oleoyl-, linoleoyl-, and arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4) as the most prominent LPC species generated by endothelial lipase (EL). In the present study, we examined the impact of those LPC on acetylcholine (ACh)- induced vascular relaxation. All tested LPC attenuated ACh-induced relaxation, measured ex vivo, using mouse aortic rings and wire myography. The rank order of potency was as follows: 18:2>20:4>16:0>18:1. The attenuating effect of LPC 16:0 on relaxation was augmented by indomethacin-mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibition and CAY10441, a prostacyclin (PGI2)- receptor (IP) antagonist. Relaxation attenuated by LPC 20:4 and 18:2 was improved by indomethacin and SQ29548, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2)- receptor antagonist. The effect of LPC 20:4 could also be improved by TXA2- and PGI2-synthase inhibitors. As determined by EIA assays, the tested LPC promoted secretion of PGI2, TXA2, PGF2α, and PGE2, however, with markedly different potencies. LPC 16:0 was the most potent inducer of superoxide anion production by mouse aortic rings, followed by LPC 18:2, 20:4 and 18:1, respectively. The strong antioxidant tempol recovered relaxation impairment caused by LPC 18:2, 18:1 and 20:4, but not by LPC 16:0. The tested LPC attenuate ACh-induced relaxation through induction of proconstricting prostanoids and superoxide anions. The potency of attenuating relaxation and the relative contribution of underlying mechanisms are strongly related to LPC acyl-chain length and degree of saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja P. Rao
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Science, Graz, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Kreibich M, Dzilic E, Santer D, Krynicka J, Hallström S, Podesser BK, Trescher K. NO-donor S-NO-HSA preserves cardiac function during local and global ischemia. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Khan MJ, Rizwan Alam M, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Karsten F, Groschner L, Riederer M, Hallström S, Rockenfeller P, Konya V, Heinemann A, Madeo F, Graier WF, Malli R. Inhibition of autophagy rescues palmitic acid-induced necroptosis of endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21110-20. [PMID: 22556413 PMCID: PMC3375534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.319129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of palmitic acid (PA) in cells from nonadipose tissues is known to induce lipotoxicity resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. The exact molecular pathways of PA-induced cell death are still mysterious. Here, we show that PA triggers autophagy, which did not counteract but in contrast promoted endothelial cell death. The PA-induced cell death was predominantly necrotic as indicated by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, absence of caspase activity, low levels of DNA hypoploidy, and an early ATP depletion. In addition PA induced a strong elevation of mRNA levels of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (CYLD), a known mediator of necroptosis. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CYLD significantly antagonized PA-induced necrosis of endothelial cells. In contrast, inhibition and knockdown of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) had no effect on PA-induced necrosis, indicating the induction of a CYLD-dependent but RIPK1-independent cell death pathway. PA was recognized as a strong and early inducer of autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy by both pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdown of the autophagy-specific genes, vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), and autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), could rescue the PA-induced death of endothelial cells. Moreover, the initiation of autophagy and cell death by PA was reduced in endothelial cells loaded with the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-(acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM), indicating that Ca(2+) triggers the fatal signaling of PA. In summary, we introduce an unexpected mechanism of lipotoxicity in endothelial cells and provide several novel strategies to counteract the lipotoxic signaling of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jadoon Khan
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Alam
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Felix Karsten
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Lukas Groschner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Monika Riederer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Seth Hallström
- the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center of Physiological Medicine, and
| | | | - Viktoria Konya
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Akos Heinemann
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Frank Madeo
- the Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Roland Malli
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine
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Stadlbauer V, Stiegler P, Taeubl P, Sereinigg M, Puntschart A, Bradatsch A, Curcic P, Seifert-Held T, Zmugg G, Stojakovic T, Leopold B, Blattl D, Horki V, Mayrhauser U, Wiederstein-Grasser I, Leber B, Jürgens G, Tscheliessnigg K, Hallström S. Energy status of pig donor organs after ischemia is independent of donor type. J Surg Res 2012; 180:356-67. [PMID: 22682714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature is controversial whether organs from living donors have a better graft function than brain dead (BD) and non-heart-beating donor organs. Success of transplantation has been correlated with high-energy phosphate (HEP) contents of the graft. METHODS HEP contents in heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas from living, BD, and donation after cardiac death in a pig model (n=6 per donor type) were evaluated systematically. BD was induced under general anesthesia by inflating a balloon in the epidural space. Ten hours after confirmation, organs were retrieved. Cardiac arrest was induced by 9V direct current. After 10min of ventricular fibrillation without cardiac output, mechanical and medical reanimation was performed for 30min before organ retrieval. In living donors, organs were explanted immediately. Freeze-clamped biopsies were taken before perfusion with Celsior solution (heart) or University of Wisconsin solution (abdominal organs) in BD and living donors or with Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutaric solution (all organs) in non-heart-beating donors, after perfusion, and after cold ischemia (4h for heart, 6h for liver and pancreas, and 12h for kidney). HEPs (adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and phosphocreatine), xanthine, and hypoxanthine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Energy charge and adenosine triphosphate-to-adenosine diphosphate ratio were calculated. RESULTS After ischemia, organs from different donor types showed no difference in energy status. In all organs, a decrease of HEP and an increase in hypoxanthine contents were observed during perfusion and ischemia, irrespective of the donor type. CONCLUSION Organs from BD or non-heart-beating donors do not differ from living donor organs in their energy status after average tolerable ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Crnkovic S, Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Hallström S, Malli R, Graier WF, Lindenmann J, Popper H, Olschewski H, Olschewski A, Frank S. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells are triggered by Ca²⁺-dependent induction of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1786-95. [PMID: 22391221 PMCID: PMC3482662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a characteristic of pathological vascular remodeling and represents a significant therapeutic challenge in several cardiovascular diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a member of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was shown to inhibit proliferation of numerous cell types, implicating several different mechanisms. In this study we examined the molecular events underlying the inhibitory effects of DHA on proliferation of primary human smooth muscle cells isolated from small pulmonary artery (hPASMCs). DHA concentration-dependently inhibited hPASMC proliferation, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and decreased cyclin D1 protein expression. DHA activated the unfolded protein response (UPR), evidenced by increased mRNA expression of HSPA5, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, and splicing of X-box binding protein 1. DHA altered cellular lipid composition and led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. DHA-induced ROS were dependent on both intracellular Ca(2+) release and entry of extracellular Ca(2+). Overall cellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS were decreased by RU360, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. DHA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased cellular ATP content. DHA triggered apoptosis as found by increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3- and TUNEL-positive cells. The free radical scavenger Tempol counteracted DHA-induced ROS, cell cycle arrest, induction of UPR, and apoptosis. We conclude that Ca(2+)-dependent oxidative stress is the central and initial event responsible for induction of UPR, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in DHA-treated hPASMCs.
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Key Words
- atf6, activating transcription factor 6
- dha, docosahexaenoic acid
- δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
- eif2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- fcs, fetal calf serum
- hpasmc, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell
- hspa5, heat shock 70-kda protein 5
- ire1α, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α
- n-3 pufa, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- perk, protein kinase rna-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- pc, phosphatidylcholine
- pe, phosphatidylethanolamine
- ptp, permeability transition pore
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- tg, triglyceride
- upr, unfolded protein response
- xbp-1, x-box binding protein 1
- oxidative stress
- unfolded protein response
- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- apoptosis
- mitochondria
- cell cycle
- free radicals
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
- University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Center for Physiological Medicine, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindenmann
- University Clinic for Surgery, Clinical Department of Thorax and Hyperbaric Surgery, Austria
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Austria
- Corresponding author. Fax: + 43 316 380 9615.
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Stiegler P, Stadlbauer-Köllner V, Sereinigg M, Hackl F, Puntschart A, Schweiger M, Prenner G, Schaffellner S, Iberer F, Lackner C, Jürgens G, Hallström S, Matzi V, Smolle-Jüttner FM, Tscheliessnigg KH. Hyperbaric oxygenation of UW solution positively impacts on the energy state of porcine pancreatic tissue*. Eur Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-011-0053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Rungatscher A, Hallström S, Linardi D, Suzuki H, Podesser B, Gasser H, Mazzucco A, Faggian G. 595 Cardioprotective Effects of S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin (S-NO-HSA) during Cardioplegic Arrest and Cold Storage in a Working Heart Heterotopic Transplant Model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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50
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Pelzmann B, Zorn-Pauly K, Hallström S, Mächler H, Jakubowski A, Lang P, Koidl B. Effects of thienopyridines and thienopyrimidinones on L-type calcium current in isolated cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:433-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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