1
|
Perera SM, O'Callaghan C, Ugalde A, Santin O, Beer C, Prue G, Lane K, Hanna GG, Schofield P. Codesigning a supportive online resource for Australian cancer carers: a thematic analysis of informal carers' and healthcare professionals' perspectives about carers' responsibilities and content needs. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055026. [PMID: 34598994 PMCID: PMC8488722 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gather preliminary qualitative data that will assist in the codesign and development of a new informational and supportive website to assist informal cancer carers in Australia. DESIGN AND SETTING Utilising a previously tested codesign process, informal carers' experiences and perspectives, including those of healthcare professionals', were examined via focus groups and/or interviews. Data were analysed via thematic analysis. PARTICIPANTS Rural (n=9) and urban (n=11) carers', and healthcare professionals' (n=8) perspectives were collected. Carers participated in a focus group (n=9) or telephone interview (n=11). Healthcare professionals completed an interview (n=6) or online survey (n=2). RESULTS Rural and urban carers typically felt ill prepared for their multitudinal caregiving responsibilities. Supporting patient-to-healthcare professional liaisons could especially challenge. Carers' biopsychosocial and fiscal strains were affected by patients' hardships and available informal supports. Rural carers described greater social support than urban carers. Both rural and urban carers also described discontentment related to a carer neglecting healthcare system. Both carers and healthcare professionals endorsed the need for a user-friendly, carer-specific website encompassing practical information and resources, peer-driven advice and evidence-based illness information, tailored to the Australian context. CONCLUSIONS Carers and healthcare professionals recognise the pressing need for an Australian, cancer carer-specific online resource. Findings will inform the next phase, where a resource will be designed, developed and tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharnel Miriam Perera
- Department of Psychology and Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare O'Callaghan
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Caritas Christi Hospice and Department of Psychosocial Cancer Care, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Ugalde
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olinda Santin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cassandra Beer
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prevention and Wellbeing, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Prue
- Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast School of Nursing and Midwifery, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Katherine Lane
- Cancer Information and Support Services, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerard G Hanna
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Department of Psychology and Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) post-transplantation B lymphoproliferative disease (BLPD) may undergo regression after immunosuppression withdrawal and restoration of EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity in the immunocompromised allografted host. The presence of morphologically normal T cells in the BLPD micro-environment may influence tumour behaviour in vivo. In this immunopathological study, the phenotype and the number of T cells and other immunoregulatory cells have been investigated in seven primary and four recurrent BLPD biopsies from nine solid organ transplant recipients. BLPD with either viral lymphadenopathic or polymorphic lymphoma appearances was found to contain sizeable T-cell populations, mainly of memory/helper (TCR alpha/beta +, CD3+, CD4+, CD45RO+) type. Cytotoxic (TCR alpha/beta +, CD3, CD8+, Tia-1+) T cells were strikingly low in all samples. Low CD28 and CD25 expression suggested that secondary signals for functional and sustained T-cell activation may be deficient in these tumours. No close correlation was found between the degree of T-cell infiltration and clinical outcome, although appreciably higher number of CD8+ T cells were detected in three BLPD tumours showing prolonged clinical remission after treatment. While some level of EBV-specific T-cell function may be present in untreated BLPD, the overall findings of this study suggest that the nature of T-cell infiltrates may reflect a response to immunosuppressive therapy rather than to EBV infection per se. The possibility that a local EBV-specific T-cell response is generated in BLPD undergoing regression after treatment needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Perera
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jayaweera DT, Vinasithambi S, Abeyawardane BY, Nimalasuriya A, Mihindukulasuriya JC, Perera SM, Machado V, Dharmadasa K. Extrapyramidal manifestations in cerebral malaria. Ceylon Med J 1977; 22:64-5. [PMID: 630656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|