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Hooks MP, Madigan SM, Woodside JV, Nugent AP. Dietary Intake, Biological Status, and Barriers towards Omega-3 Intake in Elite Level (Tier 4), Female Athletes: Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2821. [PMID: 37447148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have unique properties which benefit athlete populations. The literature investigating NCAA collegiate, rugby sevens and German endurance athletes indicates suboptimal n-3 PUFA dietary intake and biological status. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore the dietary intakes and FA profiles of elite level, team-based, female athletes and (ii) to understand perceived barriers towards achieving n-3 dietary guidelines. A total of 35 athletes (24.8 ± 4.5 years) completed both a questionnaire and a finger prick test. All the participants reported consuming fish and seafood over the previous six months however only nine athletes consumed ≥ 2 servings of fish per week. Four participants reported using an n-3 supplement. The mean omega-3 index (O3I; including supplementers) was below target levels of >8% (5.19 ± 0.86%). O3I was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in those consuming ≥ 2 servings of fish per week and/or supplements (5.91 ± 0.81%) compared with those who did not (4.82 ± 0.63%). The main barriers reported by those not consuming two servings of fish per week were sensory (n = 11; 42%), cooking skills (n = 10; 38%) and knowledge of n-3 benefits (n = 7; 27%). The current study shows that elite level female athletes present with suboptimal n-3 dietary intake and O3I due to their food preferences, cooking skills and n-3 knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Hooks
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute of Sport, D15 Y52H Dublin, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anne P Nugent
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Logue DM, Mahony L, Corish CA, Tobin D, Doherty R, O’Higgins G, Madigan SM. Athletes' and Coaches' Perceptions of Nutritional Advice: Eating More Food for Health and Performance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061925. [PMID: 34205107 PMCID: PMC8227796 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low energy availability results in physiological adaptations which contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on perceptions of nutritional advice to eat more food to maintain health and enhance performance. The aim of this study was to explore athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions towards advice to athletes to eat larger than their current quantities of food and to explore how nutritionists could deliver this advice. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (~20 min in length) were conducted using online communication technology, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The interview explored perceptions of the nutritional advice provided, its role in health and performance, and the challenges to eating larger amounts of food. Data were analysed using NVIVO 1.2 using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Nine elite athletes (female = 6; males = 3) and nine high-performance coaches (female = 3; male = 6) completed the semi-structured interviews. Athletes reported improved training consistency, fewer injuries and illnesses, and improved resilience when consuming adequate energy and nutrients to meet their needs. Lack of time and meal preparation difficulties were the main challenges faced to fuelling. Conclusions: Although education about under-fuelling is important, motivating, enabling, and supporting athletes to change behaviour is pivotal to increasing athlete self-awareness and to make long-term nutritional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Logue
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-86-730-6607
| | - Laura Mahony
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Clare A. Corish
- Physiotherapy and Sports Science, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - David Tobin
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Ronan Doherty
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
- Sports Lab North West, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Grainne O’Higgins
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Sharon M. Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland; (L.M.); (D.T.); (R.D.); (G.O.); (S.M.M.)
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3
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Pugh JN, Lydon K, O'Donovan CM, O'Sullivan O, Madigan SM. More than a gut feeling: What is the role of the gastrointestinal tract in female athlete health? Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:755-764. [PMID: 33944684 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1921853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As with much of science, the female athlete is under researched, particularly in the area of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Gut function is of pivotal importance to athletes in that it supports digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as providing a barrier between the external environment and the circulation. While sex-derived differences in GI structure and function have been well characterised at rest, there remains a paucity of data examining this during exercise. The wider impact of the GI system has begun to be realised and it is now widely acknowledged to play a role in more systemic bodily systems. In the current review, we discuss localised issues including the GI structure, function, and microbiome of male and females. We also discuss GI-related symptoms experienced by athletes, highlight the differences in incidence between males and females, and discuss contributing factors. We then move beyond the gut to discuss wider biological processes that have been shown to have both sex-related differences and that are impacted by the GI system. Some of these areas include immune function and risk of illness, sleep, hormones, bone health and the gut-brain-axis. The magnitude of such effects and relationships is currently unknown but there is enough mechanistic data for future studies to consider a more central role that the gastrointestinal tract may play in overall female athlete health.Highlights There are both clear similarities and differences in male-female gastrointestinal structure and function.Females typically reported a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms at rest, in particular during menstruation, but not during exercise.The links between female microbiome, oestrogen, and systemic physiological and biological processes are yet to be fully elucidated.Many of the male-female differences seen (e.g. in immune function) may be, at least in part, influenced by such GI related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Lydon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Trinity College Dublin/Health Service Executive Specialist Training Scheme in General Practice, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M O'Donovan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Doherty R, Madigan SM, Nevill A, Warrington G, Ellis JG. The Sleep and Recovery Practices of Athletes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041330. [PMID: 33920560 PMCID: PMC8072992 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes maintain a balance between stress and recovery and adopt recovery modalities that manage fatigue and enhance recovery and performance. Optimal TST is subject to individual variance. However, 7-9 h sleep is recommended for adults, while elite athletes may require more quality sleep than non-athletes. METHODS A total of 338 (elite n = 115, 74 males and 41 females, aged 23.44 ± 4.91 years; and sub-elite n = 223, 129 males and 94 females aged 25.71 ± 6.27) athletes were recruited from a variety of team and individual sports to complete a battery of previously validated and reliable widely used questionnaires assessing sleep, recovery and nutritional practices. RESULTS Poor sleep was reported by both the elite and sub-elite athlete groups (i.e., global PSQI score ≥5-elite 64% [n = 74]; sub-elite 65% [n = 146]) and there was a significant difference in sport-specific recovery practices (3.22 ± 0.90 vs. 2.91 ± 0.90; p < 0.001). Relatively high levels of fatigue (2.52 ± 1.32), stress (1.7 ± 1.31) and pain (50%, n = 169) were reported in both groups. A range of supplements were used regularly by athletes in both groups; indeed, whey (elite n = 22 and sub-elite n = 48) was the most commonly used recovery supplement in both groups. Higher alcohol consumption was observed in the sub-elite athletes (12%, n = 26) and they tended to consume more units of alcohol per drinking bout. CONCLUSION There is a need for athletes to receive individualised support and education regarding their sleep and recovery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán Doherty
- Sports Lab North West, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Road, Letterkenny, F92 FC93 Donegal, Ireland
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland;
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharon M. Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Walsall WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Giles Warrington
- Health Research Institute, Schuman Building, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jason G. Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK;
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Logue DM, Madigan SM, Melin A, McDonnell SJ, Delahunt E, Heinen M, Corish CA. Self-reported reproductive health of athletic and recreationally active males in Ireland: potential health effects interfering with performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:275-284. [PMID: 32212923 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1748116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) consensus statements recognise that male athletes might have impaired fertility in terms of the Exercise Hypogonodal Male Condition (ExHMC). Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of ExHMC in active males in various sports and (2) determine if associations between risk of ExHMC and health problems interfering with training and competition exist. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed online (November 2018-January 2019) using questions derived from the "Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male Questionnaire" (ADAM-Q) to assess risk of ExHMC. Additional questions were included to collect information on participant demographics, injury and illness history and dietary habits. Logistic regression analyses explored differences between groups. Results: Risk of ExHMC was identified in 23.3% (n = 185) of 794 questionnaire participants. Following multivariate analyses, risk of ExHMC was independently associated with a lower than normal sex drive rating within the last month (OR 7.62, 95%CI 4.99-11.63) and less than three morning erections per week within the last month (OR: 4.67, 95%CI 3.23-6.76). Risk of ExHMC was associated with 15-21 days absence from training or competition during the previous 6 months due to overload injuries in the univariate analysis (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.24-5.84). Conclusion: Risk of ExHMC and associated symptoms in this heterogeneous sample may be indicative of RED-S. Confounding factors such as over-training, medication use, fatigue and psychological stress need to be considered. Identification of male athletes exhibiting physiological symptoms associated with RED-S requires more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Logue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Sport Ireland Institute, Sports Campus Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Anna Melin
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mirjam Heinen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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O' Donovan CM, Connor B, Madigan SM, Cotter PD, O' Sullivan O. Instances of altered gut microbiomes among Irish cricketers over periods of travel in the lead up to the 2016 World Cup: A sequencing analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 35:101553. [PMID: 31935465 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes and stresses experienced during travel have the potential to impact the gut microbiome, with travel implicated in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes across continents. The possibility of gut microbiome-mediated negative impacts arising from travel, and consequences for peak performance, would be of particular concern for elite athletes. METHODS Faecal samples were collected from male (N = 14) and female (N = 7) cricket players during the build-up to the 2016 Cricket World Cup. Baseline and post-travel samples were collected from all participants and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Samples from a subset of participants (N = 4) were also analysed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Analysis revealed a single travel time point as having the potential to have an impact on the gut microbiome. Reductions in alpha diversity following travel were observed, accompanied by shifts in the taxonomic profile of the gut microbiome. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were also identified as undergoing changes following travel. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that periods of travel, in particular following gastrointestinal distress, may result in gut microbiome disruption. While this analysis was completed in athletes, the findings are applicable to all travelling individuals and considerations should be made surrounding travel in an attempt to reduce these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M O' Donovan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sharon M Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Orla O' Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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O’Donovan CM, Madigan SM, Garcia-Perez I, Rankin A, O’ Sullivan O, Cotter PD. Distinct microbiome composition and metabolome exists across subgroups of elite Irish athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Logue DM, Madigan SM, McDonnell SJ, Heinen M, Delahunt E, Corish CA. Energy Availability In Physically Active Males And Females Across A 12- Week Tactical Training Programme. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561646.08776.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Logue DM, Madigan SM, Heinen M, McDonnell SJ, Delahunt E, Corish CA. Screening for risk of low energy availability in athletic and recreationally active females in Ireland. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:112-122. [PMID: 30303470 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1526973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low energy availability (LEA) results in physiological adaptations, which can contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on risk of LEA in active individuals competing in different sports or levels of competition. The aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of LEA in females competing at different levels of competition and (2) investigate associations between risk of LEA, illness and dietary habits. METHODS The validated questionnaire, 'Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire' was distributed online (November 2016-February 2017) to assess risk of LEA. Twenty-nine additional questions collected information on demographics, illness history and dietary habits. Participants were considered at risk of LEA if they attained a score of ≥ 8 and were grouped into: (i) international; (ii) provincial/inter-county; (iii) competitive; and (iv) recreationally active. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those at risk or not at risk of LEA. RESULTS Risk of LEA was identified in 40% (n = 331) of 833 participants and was 1.7 and 1.8 times more likely in international and provincial/inter-county athletes compared to those who were recreationally active (International: odds ratios (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.12-2.54; Provincial/inter-county: OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.20-2.77). In participants at risk of LEA, missing >22 days of training during the previous year due to illness occurred 3 times more frequently (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.81-5.02). CONCLUSION Risk of LEA was widespread in this heterogeneous sample. Awareness of LEA and the development of appropriate energy management strategies to ensure athlete health across levels of competition are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Logue
- a School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.,b Sports Campus Ireland , Sport Ireland Institute , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- b Sports Campus Ireland , Sport Ireland Institute , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mirjam Heinen
- a School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Eamonn Delahunt
- a School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- a School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Carson EL, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Baldrick FR, Kelly MG, Laird E, Healy M, Strain JJ, Mulhern MS. Vitamin D status is associated with muscle strength and quality of life in patients with COPD: a seasonal prospective observation study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2613-2622. [PMID: 30214179 PMCID: PMC6118240 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s166919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to hospitalization, reduced functional capacity and consequently, less sunlight exposure, suboptimal vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]⩽50 nmol/L) is prevalent among COPD patients. Objective This study aimed to investigate seasonal changes in vitamin D status and any associated changes in fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength and quality of life (QoL) in COPD patients. Patients and methods COPD patients living in Northern Ireland (n=51) completed study visits at the end of winter (March/April) and at the end of summer (September/October), corresponding to the nadir and peak of vitamin D status, respectively. At both time points, serum concentration of 25(OH)D was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, FFM (kg) was measured using bioelectrical impedance and muscle strength (kg) was measured using handgrip dynamometry. QoL was assessed using the validated St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results Mean±SD 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher at the end of summer compared to the end of winter (52.5±30.5 nmol/L vs 33.7±28.4 nmol/L, P<0.001); and house- bound patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentration compared to nonhousebound patients at the end of summer (42.9±4.2 vs 57.2±9.9 nmol/L; P⩽0.001). Muscle strength (at both time points) and QoL (end of summer only) were positively predicted by 25(OH)D concentration, independent of age, sex and smoking status. Conclusion This study highlights the need for health policies to include a recommendation for year-round vitamin D supplementation in housebound COPD patients, and wintertime supplementation in nonhousebound patients, to maintain optimal 25(OH)D concentrations to protect musculoskeletal health. Furthermore, an optimal vitamin D status may have potential benefits for QoL in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Carson
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Respiratory Dietitian, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Team, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Francina R Baldrick
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Martin G Kelly
- Respiratory Team, Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Eamon Laird
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
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Madigan SM, Todd J, McSorley E, Pourshahidi LK, Laird E, Healy M, Kilbane M, McKenna M, Magee P. Twelve-weeks Oral Spray Vitamin D3 Supplementation Does Not Alter Bone Turnover Markers In Collegiate Gaelic Footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517111.32490.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Rankin A, O’Donovan C, Madigan SM, O'Sullivan O, Cotter PD. 'Microbes in sport' -The potential role of the gut microbiota in athlete health and performance. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:698-699. [PMID: 28432108 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rankin
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | | | - Sharon M Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Crowe W, Laird EJ, Healy M, McNeilly A, Magee PJ. Oral spray wintertime vitamin D 3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1300-1307. [PMID: 27704631 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D inadequacy [total 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] is widespread in athletes. The biologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, may be involved in regulating inflammation although in vitro findings have not been consistently replicated in human intervention trials. This study, conducted at a latitude of 55°N, aimed to assess inflammatory biomarkers in Gaelic footballers before and after a wintertime vitamin D3 intervention. Samples from a 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which 42 Gaelic footballers received 3000 IU (75 μg) vitamin D3 daily or placebo via oral spray solutions, were analysed for a range of inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokines (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α), cathelicidin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were quantified by multiplex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and clinical biochemistry, respectively. White blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil concentrations were determined by full blood profile. Data on total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, measured by LC-MS/MS, were available from the previous study. Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased mean total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 47 to 84 nmol/L (P = 0.006); yet this had no effect on white blood cell count (P = 0.699), lymphocyte (P = 0.694), neutrophil (P = 0.594), interleukin-8 (P = 0.334), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.587), cathelicidin (P = 0.745) or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (P = 0.621) compared to placebo. 12-weeks vitamin D3 supplementation did not impact the immune profile of Gaelic footballers. This is likely because biomarkers were within their respective normal range or at a concentration similar to that of the general population at baseline. Future studies are encouraged to use inflammation as their primary outcome measure and recruit athletes at risk of compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Todd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - W Crowe
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E J Laird
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McNeilly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
| | - P J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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15
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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi K, Madigan SM, Laird E, Weir RR, Healy M, Magee PJ. Lower Cathelicidin Concentrations In Irish Athletes Compared To Healthy Controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486035.92181.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Laird E, Healy M, Magee PJ. Vitamin D 3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO 2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1577-1587. [PMID: 27015912 PMCID: PMC5486642 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D inadequacy is a global health concern in athletes as well as the general population. Whilst the role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well defined, there remains uncertainty over whether vitamin D supplementation has an added benefit beyond bone health. METHODS This randomised placebo-controlled trial in healthy male and female Gaelic footballers (n = 42) investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation [3000 IU (75 µg) daily for 12 weeks, via an oral spray solution] on VO2 max which was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included skeletal muscle and lung function. RESULTS Supplementation significantly increased total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared to the placebo group (mean ± SD change from baseline, 36.31 ± 32.34 vs. 6.11 ± 23.93 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.006). At baseline, 50 and 22 % of footballers presented with vitamin D insufficiency (31-49 nmol/L) and deficiency (<30 nmol/L), respectively. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration did not significantly correlate with any measure of physical performance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation over 12 weeks had no significant effect on VO2 max (P = 0.375), vertical jump height (P = 0.797), left and right handgrip strength (P = 0.146 and P = 0.266, respectively), forced vital capacity (P = 0.573) or forced expiratory volume at 1 s (P = 0.665), after adjusting for confounders. The high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy observed in this cohort of collegiate Gaelic footballers supports the need for vitamin D supplementation during wintertime to avoid being at risk of poor bone health. CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week daily supplementation with 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3 successfully resolved deficiency but did not have any significant effect on VO2 max, skeletal muscle or lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Todd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Irish Institute of Sport, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, UK
| | - Eamon Laird
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, UK
| | - Martin Healy
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science St. James's Hospital, Dublin, UK
| | - Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
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17
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18
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Pumpa KL, Madigan SM, Wood Martin RE, Flanagan R, Roche N. The Development of Nutritional Supplement Fact Sheets for Irish Athletes: A Case Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2012:2011-0173. [PMID: 22710697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of sports supplements presents a dilemma for many of those involved in supporting athletes, including coaches, families, support staff and the athletes themselves. Often the information that they source can be incorrect and promote a bias view regarding the use of nutritional supplements. The aim of this case study was to describe the process that occurred around the development of a series of targeted educational factsheets on a range of nutritional supplements for Irish athletes. It describes the initiation and support of the process by the Irish Sports Council, one of its subgroups, The Food and Food Supplements Committee, and the Irish Institute of Sport. A needs assessment through questionnaires was carried out to establish the most commonly used sports nutrition supplements by athletes, aged sixteen or over in Ireland. One hundred and five questionnaires were completed over a 4-month period in 2008-2009 that lead to the production of 20 supplement fact sheets. These supplement fact sheets will enable Irish athletes to access high quality, up to date, scientific information regarding the supplements they have reported consuming. Since personal reading had a strong influence over the athlete's decision-making process for taking nutritional supplements, as did scientific research, fact sheets available on the internet from a reliable source is an ideal way to educate Irish athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Pumpa
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
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Pumpa KL, Madigan SM, Wood-Martin RE, Flanagan R, Roche N. The development of nutritional-supplement fact sheets for Irish athletes: a case study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2012; 22:220-224. [PMID: 22693242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of sport supplements presents a dilemma for many of those involved in supporting athletes, including coaches, families, support staff, and the athletes themselves. Often the information that they source can be incorrect and promote a biased view regarding the use of nutritional supplements. The aim of this case study was to describe the process that occurred around the development of a series of targeted educational fact sheets on a range of nutritional supplements for Irish athletes. It describes the initiation and support of the process by the Irish Sports Council; one of its subgroups, the Food and Food Supplements Committee; and the Irish Institute of Sport. A needs assessment through questionnaires was carried out to establish the most commonly used sport nutrition supplements by athletes age 16 or over in Ireland. Respondents completed 105 questionnaires over a 4-mo period in 2008-09 that led to the production of 20 supplement fact sheets. These supplement fact sheets will enable Irish athletes to access high-quality, up-to-date, scientific information about the supplements they have reported consuming. Since personal reading had a strong influence over athletes' decision-making process for taking nutritional supplements, as did scientific research, fact sheets available on the Internet from a reliable source are an ideal way to educate Irish athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Pumpa
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
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20
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Madigan SM, Fleming P, McCann S, Wright ME, MacAuley D. General Practitioners involvement in enteral tube feeding at home: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 2007; 8:29. [PMID: 17504525 PMCID: PMC1892561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Complex medical treatment is moving from hospital to primary care and General Practitioners (GPs) are increasingly asked to undertake new roles. There are now an estimated 19,500 patients being fed in the UK in the community on enteral tube feeding using a variety of different feeding tubes (Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), Jejunostomy, or nasogastric (NG). The majority of patients are over the age of 65 years when they had artificial feeding initiated and mainly because of dysphagia. The aim of this study was to explore GPs knowledge, attitudes and skills relating to enteral feeding in the community. Methods Semi-structured one-to-one interviews with a convenience sample of GPs in Northern Ireland. Results Twenty-three GPs in three health boards in Northern Ireland participated in the study. Most found dealing with enteral feeding to be a predominantly negative experience. They had little involvement in patient selection for the procedure and poor or no discharge information. GPs felt inadequately trained, there was poor communication between primary and secondary care and little support. There was anger and frustration among GPs about lack of resources (funding and training), and the perception that primary care was used as a dumping ground. Conclusion Moving complex medical treatment from secondary to primary care has major implications for GPs who should be included in the patient selection process, have adequate discharge information about their patients, be adequately resourced and have appropriate support and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Madigan
- Community Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, 67 Broadway, Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT12 6HF, UK
| | - Paul Fleming
- Associate Dean, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Siobhan McCann
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Magee College, Northland Road Londonderry, UK
| | - Marion E Wright
- School of Nursing Research, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Domhnall MacAuley
- Associate Dean, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK
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Abstract
Enteral feeding in primary care has increased markedly over the last decade. It allows patients to be discharged to home or residential care who previously would have remained in hospital. Difficulties do arise for patients, their carers and health professionals, as care of these patients and support for health professionals is often patchy or non-existent. Dietitians are uniquely placed to participate in the management of tube feeding in primary care, provide support and education to patients and their carers, evaluate treatment and promote better outcomes for patients receiving tube feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Madigan
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim BT37 0QB, UK.
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Abstract
There are increasing numbers of adults living in the community who require enteral tube feeding. While there is significant evidence of the importance of this treatment, there are side effects which can cause difficulties for patients, their carer tabers and health professionals. Gastrointestinal complications are the most common side effects with feed formula being cited as the main culprit, often without investigating other potential causes. Many patients requiring aggressive nutrition support also require concurrent drug therapy to manage underlying disease. Drugs are often given via tubes in liquid form. These elixirs often contain large quantities of sorbitol, which will increase the osmolar concentration. There is a lack of awareness from primary health-care professionals about the difficulties that can arise when giving medications to patients receiving enteral feeding which may affect patient care and the nutritional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Madigan
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Antrim, UK
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Madigan SM, O'Neill S, Clarke J, L'Estrange F, MacAuley DC. Assessing the dietetic needs of different patient groups receiving enteral tube feeding in primary care. J Hum Nutr Diet 2002; 15:179-84. [PMID: 12028512 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2002.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the nature of all contacts between adult tube-fed patients and the dietetic service and to refine the current dietetic protocols to reflect the findings of the study with a view to improving patient care. METHODS All adult patients referred to the Community Nutrition and Dietetic Service within a 6-month period were included in the study. Using a proforma developed from a retrospective case-note analysis, data were collected on the complications that prompted more frequent contacts than the department protocol. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS The most common indication for home enteral feeding in this group of adult patients was a swallowing disorder resulting from a cerebrovascular accident (59.5%) followed by cancer (21.5%). There was a trend for cancer patients to need more intervention compared with those patients with other medical conditions. A significant difference was observed in the total contacts and telephone calls given to those patients in there own homes (P=0.019) and there was a trend towards more domicilary visits with this group. CONCLUSIONS The department protocols have been revised to include a planned review within 2-6 weeks of initial dietetic assessment in the community for those patients who were identified to have the greatest need. More intensive dietetic monitoring has clear implications for dietetic services in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Madigan
- Community Nutrition and Dietetics Service, North and West Belfast Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, UK.
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Madigan SM, Tracey F, McNulty H, Eaton-Evans J, Coulter J, McCartney H, Strain JJ. Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:389-95. [PMID: 9701198 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living elderly people aged > or = 65 y were recruited to assess riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and the effect of riboflavin supplementation on biochemical indicators of these 2 vitamins. The status of riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; EGRAC) and vitamin B-6 (plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate; PLP) were determined in a total sample of 92 subjects, from whom dietary intake data were obtained by using the diet history method (n = 83). Although dietary intakes of both vitamins were considered to be adequate according to current reference values, abnormal EGRAC and plasma PLP values were identified in 49% and 38% of subjects, respectively, with 21% having suboptimal status for both nutrients. A subgroup of subjects from the initial sample (n = 45) was assigned in a double-blind manner to receive either 1.6 or 25 mg riboflavin or placebo daily for 12 wk. In those subjects with a baseline EGRAC or plasma PLP value falling outside the currently accepted threshold value for adequacy, low-dose riboflavin supplementation improved status of the limiting nutrient significantly (P<0.0001 and P = 0.020 for EGRAC and plasma PLP responses, respectively). We conclude that a high proportion of healthy elderly people may have suboptimal status for these nutrients despite apparently adequate dietary intakes. Furthermore, we showed that riboflavin supplementation at physiologic doses corrects biochemical abnormalities of not only EGRAC, but also plasma PLP, confirming the biochemical interdependency of these vitamins and suggesting that riboflavin is the limiting nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Madigan
- Human Nutrition Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
In six cases, abdominal aortic aneurysms simulated dissections because an anechoic crescent was seen peripheral to the echogenic intraluminal thrombus. Thrombus can easily be identified by sonography, but the layered echogenic and anechoic appearance has not been described. Three of these cases are presented to illustrate this sonographic pattern of thrombus so that it will not be misinterpreted as a dissection. CT scans were performed on all three patients and an arteriogram and surgery in one, all of which confirmed that these were not dissections but two layers of thrombus with the intima peripheral to the anechoic layer. At surgery, the anechoic layer medial to the intima in one case proved to be serosanguinous fluid and, therefore, likely liquefaction of the clot.
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