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Tawara H, Tsunematsu T, Kitajima S, Nagao R, Matsuzawa S, Otsuka K, Ushio A, Ishimaru N. The noncanonical function of borealin, a component of chromosome passenger complex, promotes glycolysis via stabilization of survivin in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149741. [PMID: 38471204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The chromosome passenger complex (CPC) is a kinase complex formed by Aurora B, borealin, survivin and inner centromere protein (INCENP). The CPC is active during mitosis and contributes to proper chromosome segregation via the phosphorylation of various substrates. Overexpression of each CPC component has been reported in most cancers. However, its significance remains unclear, as only survivin is known to confer chemoresistance. This study showed that the overexpression of borealin, a CPC component, stabilized survivin protein depending on its interaction with survivin. Unexpectedly, the accumulation of survivin by borealin overexpression did not affect the well-characterized functions of survivin, such as chemoresistance and cell proliferation. Interestingly, the overexpression of borealin promoted lactate production but not the overexpression of the deletion mutant that lacks the ability to bind to survivin. Consistent with these findings, the expression levels of glycolysis-related genes were enhanced in borealin-overexpressing cancer cells. Meanwhile, the overexpression of survivin alone did not promote lactate production. Overall, the accumulation of the borealin-survivin complex promoted glycolysis in squamous cell carcinoma cells. This mechanism may contribute to cancer progression via excessive lactate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tawara
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ruka Nagao
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Matsuzawa
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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2
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Kanno J, Aisaki KI, Ono R, Kitajima S. SOC-I-05 Histone modification, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression analysis of murine liver repeatedly exposure to a chemical. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Kadonosono T, Miyamoto K, Sakai S, Matsuo Y, Kitajima S, Wang Q, Endo M, Niibori M, Kuchimaru T, Soga T, Hirota K, Kizaka-Kondoh S. AGE/RAGE axis regulates reversible transition to quiescent states of ALK-rearranged NSCLC and pancreatic cancer cells in monolayer cultures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9886. [PMID: 35701529 PMCID: PMC9198021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence due to tumor cell quiescence after therapy and long-term remission is associated with cancer-related death. Previous studies have used cell models that are unable to return to a proliferative state; thus, the transition between quiescent and proliferative states is not well understood. Here, we report monolayer cancer cell models wherein the human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line H2228 and pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 can be reversibly induced to a quiescent state under hypoxic and serum-starved (HSS) conditions. Transcriptome and metabolome dual-omics profiles of these cells were compared with those of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, which was unable to enter a quiescent state under HSS conditions. The quiescence-inducible cells had substantially lower intracellular pyruvate and ATP levels in the quiescent state than in the proliferative state, and their response to sudden demand for energy was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, in quiescence-inducible cells, the transition between quiescent and proliferative states of these cells was regulated by the balance between the proliferation-promoting Ras and Rap1 signaling and the suppressive AGE/RAGE signaling. These cell models elucidate the transition between quiescent and proliferative states, allowing the development of drug-screening systems for quiescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shiori Sakai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Qiannan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Minori Endo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuho Niibori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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Zhang C, Amanda S, Wang C, King Tan T, Zulfaqar Ali M, Zhong Leong W, Moy Ng L, Kitajima S, Li Z, Eng Juh Yeoh A, Hao Tan S, Sanda T. Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1545-1558. [PMID: 32414855 PMCID: PMC8168519 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.245639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are overexpressed in various types of cancers. One of the ALDH family genes, ALDH1A2, is aberrantly expressed in more than 50% of cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, its molecular function and role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL are largely unknown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analyses showed that the oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 and its regulatory partners bind to the intronic regulatory element of the ALDH1A2 gene, directly inducing a T-ALL-specific isoform with enzymatic activity. ALDH1A2 was preferentially expressed in the TAL1-positive T-ALL subgroup. In TALL cell lines, depletion of ALDH1A2 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, gene expression and metabolomic profiling revealed that ALDH1A2 supported glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, accompanied by NADH production, by affecting multiple metabolic enzymes to promote ATP production. Depletion of ALDH1A2 increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, while the levels were reduced by ALDH1A2 overexpression both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of ALDH1A2 accelerated tumor onset and increased tumor penetrance in a zebrafish model of T-ALL. Taken together, our results indicate that ALDH1A2 protects against intracellular stress and promotes T-ALL cell metabolism and survival. ALDH1A2 overexpression enables leukemic clones to sustain a hyper-proliferative state driven by oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Amanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Zhong Leong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ley Moy Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen Eng Juh Yeoh
- Dept of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Kitajima S, Sun W, Lee KL, Ho JC, Oyadomari S, Okamoto T, Masai H, Poellinger L, Kato H. A KDM6 inhibitor potently induces ATF4 and its target gene expression through HRI activation and by UTX inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4538. [PMID: 33633164 PMCID: PMC7907191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UTX/KDM6A encodes a major histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, and is frequently mutated in various types of human cancers. Although UTX appears to play a crucial role in oncogenesis, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Here we show that a specific pharmacological inhibitor of H3K27 demethylases, GSK-J4, induces the expression of transcription activating factor 4 (ATF4) protein as well as the ATF4 target genes (e.g. PCK2, CHOP, REDD1, CHAC1 and TRIB3). ATF4 induction by GSK-J4 was due to neither transcriptional nor post-translational regulation. In support of this view, the ATF4 induction was almost exclusively dependent on the heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Gene expression profiles with UTX disruption by CRISPR-Cas9 editing and the following stable re-expression of UTX showed that UTX specifically suppresses the expression of the ATF4 target genes, suggesting that UTX inhibition is at least partially responsible for the ATF4 induction. Apoptosis induction by GSK-J4 was partially and cell-type specifically correlated with the activation of ATF4-CHOP. These findings highlight that the anti-cancer drug candidate GSK-J4 strongly induces ATF4 and its target genes via HRI activation and raise a possibility that UTX might modulate cancer formation by regulating the HRI-ATF4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kitajima
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji 246-2, Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052 Japan
| | - Wendi Sun
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jolene Caifeng Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- grid.272456.0Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore ,grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan ,grid.272456.0Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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ZHANG CHUJING, Amanda S, Wang C, Tan TK, Muhammad ZA, Leong WZ, Ng LM, Kitajima S, Li Z, Yeoh AEJ, Tan SH, Sanda T. Abstract LB-301: Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-lb-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) have been implicated as a stem cell marker both in normal and malignant cells. Elevated ALDH activity is associated with the stemness capability as well as the drug resistance in various cancers. As a notable example, ALDH1A2, one of ALDH family genes, is ectopically overexpressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), an aggressive hematological disease that results from malignant transformation of T-cell progenitors. However, its roles and molecular functions in T-ALL pathogenesis are poorly understood. In our study, we demonstrated that the oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 directly induces an expression of ALDH1A2 in T-ALL cells, while normal T-cells do not express this gene. The TAL1 transcriptional complex binds to an intragenic regulatory element of ALDH1A2 and aberrantly activates the alternative promoter of the short isoform, which is specific to T-ALL cells. Using in vitro enzymatic assay, we found that the short isoform still retain enzymatic activity in catalyzing the oxidation of aldehydes. Importantly, ALDH1A2 promotes the viability and survival of T-ALL cells. Unbiased gene expression and metabolome profiling demonstrated that ALDH1A2 promotes glycolysis and mitochondria respiration, thereby supporting energy production. Additionally, expression of the short ALDH1A2 attenuated the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, forced expression of short ALDH1A2 in T-cells increased overall penetrance of T-cell malignancy induced by the AKT2 oncogene in a zebrafish model. Taken together, our data suggests that ALDH1A2 is crucial and advantageous for T-ALL cell viability and survival by mediating energy production and by protecting cancer cells from oxidative stresses, thus serving as a requisite to maintain the hyperproliferative state of T-ALL cells (“onco-requisite”).
Citation Format: CHUJING ZHANG, Stella Amanda, Cheng Wang, Tze King Tan, Zulfaqar Ali Muhammad, Wei Zhong Leong, Ley Moy Ng, Shojiro Kitajima, Zhenhua Li, Allen Eng Juh Yeoh, Shi Hao Tan, Takaomi Sanda. Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-301.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Wang
- 2Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Ley Moy Ng
- 1Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- 3Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Li
- 4VIVA-NUS CenTRAL, Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shi Hao Tan
- 1Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Thumkeo D, Katsura Y, Nishimura Y, Kanchanawong P, Tohyama K, Ishizaki T, Kitajima S, Takahashi C, Hirata T, Watanabe N, Krummel MF, Narumiya S. mDia1/3-dependent actin polymerization spatiotemporally controls LAT phosphorylation by Zap70 at the immune synapse. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay2432. [PMID: 31911947 PMCID: PMC6938706 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the cytosolic protein Zap70 physically interacts with and phosphorylates its substrate, the transmembrane protein LAT, upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation remains largely obscure. In this study, we found that the pharmacological inhibition of formins, a major class of actin nucleators, suppressed LAT phosphorylation by Zap70, despite TCR stimulation-dependent phosphorylation of Zap70 remaining intact. High-resolution imaging and three-dimensional image reconstruction revealed that localization of phosphorylated Zap70 to the immune synapse (IS) and subsequent LAT phosphorylation are critically dependent on formin-mediated actin polymerization. Using knockout mice, we identify mDia1 and mDia3, which are highly expressed in T cells and which localize to the IS upon TCR activation, as the critical formins mediating this process. Our findings therefore describe previously unsuspected roles for mDia1 and mDia3 in the spatiotemporal control of Zap70-dependent LAT phosphorylation at the IS through regulation of filamentous actin, and underscore their physiological importance in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Y. Katsura
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - P. Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - K. Tohyama
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - C. Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T. Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - N. Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S. Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author. (D.T.); (S.N.)
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Nishide S, Matsunaga S, Shiota M, Yamaguchi T, Kitajima S, Maekawa Y, Takeda N, Tomura M, Uchida J, Miura K, Nakatani T, Tomita S. Controlling the Phenotype of Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages via the PHD-HIF Axis Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model. iScience 2019; 21:205. [PMID: 31671331 PMCID: PMC6834932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Nishide S, Matsunaga S, Shiota M, Yamaguchi T, Kitajima S, Maekawa Y, Takeda N, Tomura M, Uchida J, Miura K, Nakatani T, Tomita S. Controlling the Phenotype of Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages via the PHD-HIF Axis Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model. iScience 2019; 19:940-954. [PMID: 31518902 PMCID: PMC6742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) polarizes tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward tumor support. Macrophage-abundant tumors are highly malignant and are the cause of poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. In this study, we show that the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor FG-4592 (FG) inhibits tumor growth of macrophage-abundant tumors and prolongs mouse survival. FG not only normalizes tumor vessels and improves tumor oxygenation but also directly affects macrophages and activates phagocytosis through the PHD-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis. Remarkably, FG can promote phagocytic ability of the Ly6Clo subset of tumor-infiltrating macrophages, leading to tumor growth inhibition. Moreover, Ly6Cneg macrophages contributed to blood vessel normalization. Using a malignant tumor mouse model, we characterized macrophage function and subsets. Altogether, our findings suggest that the PHD inhibitor can promote the anti-tumor potential of macrophages to improve cancer therapy. PHD inhibitor treatment inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival time of mice Regulating the PHD-HIF pathway can alter the tumor-infiltrating macrophage phenotype PHD inhibitor activates the tumor phagocytic ability of Ly6Clo macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Nishide
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Division of Research Support Platform, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Domain of Integrated Life Systems, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakatani
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Yamaguchi T, Watanabe A, Tanaka M, Shiota M, Osada-Oka M, Sano S, Yoshiyama M, Miura K, Kitajima S, Matsunaga S, Tomita S, Iwao H, Izumi Y. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, linagliptin, attenuates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction independently of DPP-4. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 139:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Yamada T, Matsumoto M, Kitajima S, Aisaki K, Kanno J, Hirose A. Category assessment of repeated dose hepatotoxicity of phenolic benzotriazoles for OECD IATA case studies project in 2016. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Kitajima S, Lee KL, Fujioka M, Sun W, You J, Chia GS, Wanibuchi H, Tomita S, Araki M, Kato H, Poellinger L. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha up-regulates CD70 under hypoxia and enhances anchorage-independent growth and aggressiveness in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19123-19135. [PMID: 29721188 PMCID: PMC5922382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) facilitate cellular adaptation to environmental stress such as low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) and consequently promote tumor growth. While HIF-1α functions in cancer progression have been increasingly recognized, the contribution of HIF-2α remains widely unclear despite accumulating reports showing its overexpression in cancer cells. Here, we report that HIF-2α up-regulates the expression of CD70, a cancer-related surface antigen that improves anchorage-independent growth in cancer cells and is associated with poor clinical prognosis, which can be induced via epigenetic modifications mediated by DNMT1. The ablation of CD70 by RNAi led to decreased colony forming efficiency in soft agar. Most strikingly, we identified the emergence of CD70-expressing cells derived from CD70-negative cell lines upon prolonged hypoxia exposure or DNMT1 inhibition, both of which significantly reduced CpG-nucleotide methylations within CD70 promoter region. Interestingly, DNMT1 expression was decreased under hypoxia, which was rescued by HIF-2α knockdown. In addition, the expression of CD70 and colony forming efficiency in soft agar were decreased by knockdown of HIF-2α. These findings indicate that CD70 expression and an aggressive phenotype of cancer cells is driven under hypoxic conditions and mediated by HIF-2α functions and epigenetic modifications. This provides additional insights into the role of HIF-2α in coordinated regulation of stem-like functions and epigenetics that are important for cancer progression and may present additional targets for the development of novel combinatorial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kitajima
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wendi Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia You
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Sushin Chia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Kitajima S, Lee KL, Hikasa H, Sun W, Huang RYJ, Yang H, Matsunaga S, Yamaguchi T, Araki M, Kato H, Poellinger L. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes cell survival during ammonia stress response in ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114481-114494. [PMID: 29383096 PMCID: PMC5777708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is a toxic by-product of metabolism that causes cellular stresses. Although a number of proteins are involved in adaptive stress response, specific factors that counteract ammonia-induced cellular stress and regulate cell metabolism to survive against its toxicity have yet to be identified. We demonstrated that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is stabilized and activated by ammonia stress. HIF-1α activated by ammonium chloride compromises ammonia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified glutamine synthetase (GS) as a key driver of cancer cell proliferation under ammonia stress and glutamine-dependent metabolism in ovarian cancer stem-like cells expressing CD90. Interestingly, activated HIF-1α counteracts glutamine synthetase function in glutamine metabolism by facilitating glycolysis and elevating glucose dependency. Our studies reveal the hitherto unknown functions of HIF-1α in a biphasic ammonia stress management in the cancer stem-like cells where GS facilitates cell proliferation and HIF-1α contributes to the metabolic remodeling in energy fuel usage resulting in attenuated proliferation but conversely promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kitajima
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroki Hikasa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Wendi Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shinji Matsunaga
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamaguchi
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Takahashi H, Okamoto A, Kawamura Y, Kumagai T, Daibo A, Kitajima S. Line Spectra Observation of the Rydberg Helium Atoms due to Volumetric Recombination in the RF Plasma Source DT-ALPHA. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Takahashi
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Y. Kawamura
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T. Kumagai
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Daibo
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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15
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Tanaka Y, Takahashi H, Utoh H, Shinde J, Ogawa M, Iwazaki K, Aoyama H, Umetsu H, Okamoto A, Shinto K, Kitajima S, Yokoyama M, Inagaki S, Suzuki Y, Nishimura K, Sasaoa M. Potential and Density Fluctuation Characteristics of the Hot-Cathode-Biased Supersonic Plasma in TU-Heliac. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Tanaka
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Utoh
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - J. Shinde
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Ogawa
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - K. Iwazaki
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Aoyama
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Umetsu
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - K. Shinto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Yokoyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Inagaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Nishimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Sasaoa
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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16
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Sun W, Kato H, Kitajima S, Lee KL, Gradin K, Okamoto T, Poellinger L. Interaction between von Hippel-Lindau Protein and Fatty Acid Synthase Modulates Hypoxia Target Gene Expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7190. [PMID: 28775317 PMCID: PMC5543055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a central role in the transcriptional response to changes in oxygen availability. Stability of HIFs is regulated by multi-step reactions including recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) in association with an E3 ligase complex. Here we show that pVHL physically interacts with fatty acid synthase (FASN), displacing the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This results in HIF-α protein stabilization and activation of HIF target genes even in normoxia such as during adipocyte differentiation. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), an inhibitor of FASN expression, also inhibited HIF target gene expression in cultured cells and in mouse liver. Clinically, FASN is frequently upregulated in a broad variety of cancers and has been reported to have an oncogenic function. We found that upregulation of FASN correlated with induction of many HIF target genes, notably in a malignant subtype of prostate tumours. Therefore, pVHL-FASN interaction plays a regulatory role for HIFs and their target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Nagoya City University School of Medicine, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Katarina Gradin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Nagoya City University School of Medicine, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Kitajima S, Takahashi H, Tanaka Y, Utoh H, Takenaga M, Yokoyama M, Inagaki S, Suzuki Y, Nishimura K, Ogawa H, Shinde J, Ogawa M, Aoyama H, Iwazaki K, Okamoto A, Shinto K, Sasao M. Effects of Rational Surfaces and Magnetic Islands on Radial Electric Fields and Ion Viscosity in Tohoku University Heliac. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kitajima
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Utoh
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Takenaga
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Yokoyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - S. Inagaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - K. Nishimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - H. Ogawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Japan
| | - J. Shinde
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Ogawa
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Aoyama
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - K. Iwazaki
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - K. Shinto
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M. Sasao
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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18
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Takahashi H, Okamoto A, Takahashi T, Kitajima S. Energetic Helium Ion Injection into Helium Recombining Plasma in Radio-Frequency Plasma Source. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Takahashi
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T. Takahashi
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Tohoku University, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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19
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Kitajima S, Aisaki K, Kanno J. Percellome project on sick-building syndrome level inhalation for the prediction of lung and brain involvement. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Kanno J, Kitajima S, Aisaki K. Percellome toxicogenomics of newly designed repeated dose study. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Kanno J, Kitajima S, Aisaki KI. Percellome toxicogenomics for mechanistic analysis towards chronic toxicity by a newly designed repeated dose study. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Chien W, Ding LW, Sun QY, Torres-Fernandez LA, Tan SZ, Xiao J, Lim SL, Garg M, Lee KL, Kitajima S, Takao S, Leong WZ, Sun H, Tokatly I, Poellinger L, Gery S, Koeffler PH. Selective inhibition of unfolded protein response induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4881-94. [PMID: 24952679 PMCID: PMC4148107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress from unfolded proteins is associated with the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cells, making the many regulatory molecules of this pathway appealing targets for therapy. The objective of our study was to assess potential therapeutic efficacy of inhibitors of unfolded protein response (UPR) in pancreatic cancers focusing on IRE1α inhibitors. IRE1α-mediated XBP-1 mRNA splicing encodes a transcription factor that enhances transcription of chaperone proteins in order to reverse UPR. Proliferation assays using a panel of 14 pancreatic cancer cell lines showed a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition by IRE1α-specific inhibitors (STF-083010, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 3-Ethoxy-5,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde, toyocamycin). Growth inhibition was also noted using a clonogenic growth assay in soft agar, as well as a xenograft in vivo model of pancreatic cancer. Cell cycle analysis showed that these IRE1α inhibitors caused growth arrest at either the G1 or G2/M phases (SU8686, MiaPaCa2) and induced apoptosis (Panc0327, Panc0403). Western blot analysis showed cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and prominent induction of the apoptotic molecule BIM. In addition, synergistic effects were found between either STF-083010, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 3-Ethoxy-5,6-dibromosalicylaldehyde, or toyocamycin and either gemcitabine or bortezomib. Our data suggest that use of an IRE1α inhibitor is a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Shinohara K, Ishii K, Ochiai K, Baba M, Sukegawa A, Sasao M, Kitajima S. Evaluation of two-stage system for neutron measurement aiming at increase in count rate at Japan Atomic Energy Agency-Fusion Neutronics Source. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E823. [PMID: 25430388 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the count rate capability of a neutron detection system as a whole, we propose a multi-stage neutron detection system. Experiments to test the effectiveness of this concept were carried out on Fusion Neutronics Source. Comparing four configurations of alignment, it was found that the influence of an anterior stage on a posterior stage was negligible for the pulse height distribution. The two-stage system using 25 mm thickness scintillator was about 1.65 times the count rate capability of a single detector system for d-D neutrons and was about 1.8 times the count rate capability for d-T neutrons. The results suggested that the concept of a multi-stage detection system will work in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shinohara
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - K Ishii
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - K Ochiai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M Baba
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Sukegawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M Sasao
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyoto 602-8580, Japan
| | - S Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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24
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Kitajima S. A trans catheter arterial embolization technique utilizing n-butyl 2-cyanoacrilate for progressive maxillary carcinoma in a very elderly person. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Daibo A, Okamoto A, Takahashi H, Kumagai T, Takahashi T, Tsubota S, Kitajima S. Development of ion source for simulation of edge localized mode in divertor plasma. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B307. [PMID: 24593584 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A helium ion beam is injected into a linear plasma device for the development of an ion beam source simulating high energy particle flux in divertor plasma. Beam current density more than 10 mA/cm(2) is extracted. Measurement of beam currents indicates that the beam is transported along the linear device and reaches to the downstream end plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daibo
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Kumagai
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Tsubota
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Okamoto A, Oku T, Koike S, Sato Y, Ishii K, Kitajima S. Development of in situ energetic ion injector for magnetically confined plasmas using hydrogen storage electrode. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B302. [PMID: 24593579 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop a compact ion injector made of hydrogen storage material, we investigate a plasma response for a positively biased hydrogen storage electrode in a small standard heliac device. When the bias voltage of the electrode increases, a positive potential between the electrode and the space potential on the magnetic surface emerges. The emission of hydrogen atom line also increases. To clarify the origin of the increase in emission, we designed an imaging system with sufficient temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Oku
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - S Koike
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - K Ishii
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - S Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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27
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Tanaka N, Kato S, Miyamoto T, Nishiura M, Tsumori K, Matsumoto Y, Kenmotsu T, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Sasao M, Wada M, Yamaoka H. Effects of roughness and temperature on low-energy hydrogen positive and negative ion reflection from silicon and carbon surfaces. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02C311. [PMID: 24593648 DOI: 10.1063/1.4855455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved energy distribution functions of positive and negative hydrogen ions produced from a rough-finished Si surface under 1 keV proton irradiation have been measured. The corresponding distribution from a crystalline surface and a carbon surface are also measured for comparison. Intensities of positive and negative ions from the rough-finished Si are substantially smaller than those from crystalline Si. The angular distributions of these species are broader for rough surface than the crystalline surface. No significant temperature dependence for positive and negative ion intensities is observed for all samples in the temperature range from 300 to 400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - M Nishiura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Tsumori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - T Kenmotsu
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - A Okamoto
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - S Kitajima
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Sasao
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - M Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - H Yamaoka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Mikazuki, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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28
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Lee YS, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi O, Kim HJ, Yokota-Hashimoto H, Shimpuku M, Susanti VY, Ido-Kitamura Y, Kimura K, Inoue H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Ohya S, Tanaka Y, Kitajima S, Kitamura T. Hypothalamic ATF3 is involved in regulating glucose and energy metabolism in mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1383-93. [PMID: 23462798 PMCID: PMC3648686 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The pancreas and hypothalamus are critical for maintaining nutrient and energy homeostasis, and combined disorders in these organs account for the onset of the metabolic syndrome. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an adaptive response transcription factor. The physiological role of ATF3 in the pancreas has been controversial, and its role in the hypothalamus remains unknown. To elucidate the roles of ATF3 in these organs, we generated pancreas- and hypothalamus-specific Atf3 knockout (PHT-Atf3-KO) mice in this study. METHODS We crossed mice bearing floxed Atf3 alleles with Pdx1-cre mice, in which cre is specifically expressed in the pancreas and hypothalamus, and analysed metabolic variables, pancreatic morphology, food intake, energy expenditure and sympathetic activity in adipose tissue. We also used a hypothalamic cell line to investigate the molecular mechanism by which ATF3 regulates transcription of the gene encoding agouti-related protein (Agrp). RESULTS Although PHT-Atf3-KO mice displayed better glucose tolerance, neither plasma glucagon nor insulin level was altered in these mice. However, these mice exhibited higher insulin sensitivity, which was accompanied by a leaner phenotype due to decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. We also observed decreased hypothalamic Agrp expression in PHT-Atf3-KO mice. Importantly, an increase in ATF3 levels is induced by fasting or low glucose in the hypothalamus. We also showed that ATF3 interacts with forkhead box-containing protein, O subfamily 1 (FoxO1) on the Agrp promoter and activates Agrp transcription. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that ATF3 plays an important role in the control of glucose and energy metabolism by regulating Agrp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-S. Lee
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - O. Kikuchi
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - H. Yokota-Hashimoto
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - M. Shimpuku
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - V.-Y. Susanti
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - Y. Ido-Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H. Inoue
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka-Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - J. Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - S. Ohya
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
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Okamoto A, Kawamura Y, Takahashi H, Kumagai T, Daibo A, Kitajima S. Development of Multi-Port Imaging System for Divertor Simulating Linear Device. Fusion Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Y. Kawamura
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - T. Kumagai
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - A. Daibo
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University: 6-6-01-2 Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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30
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Nishijima K, Liu E, Yamaguchi S, Tanaka M, Morimoto M, Watanabe T, Fan J, Kitajima S. Delaying embryo development by storing at 4°C for synchronization to recipients in microinjection technique in rabbits. Lab Anim 2012; 47:53-7. [PMID: 23258842 DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.012097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of embryos at low temperature induces developmental arrest of the embryo and would appear to be a valuable aid in embryo-transfer techniques to avoid wasting embryos. Embryo storage at 4°C was examined to allow synchronization with embryo-transfer recipients using the microinjection technique. Superovulation was induced in female Japanese White donor rabbits four days before mating with males. At the same time, control recipients were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to allow synchronization (R1); the hCG injections were delayed by 24 h in the experimental group (R2). DNA constructs for expressing human C-reactive protein or apolipoprotein AII were microinjected into the male pronuclei of the ova. The microinjected embryos were immediately transferred to recipients (R1) or stored at 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 17-20 h, the stored embryos were incubated at 37°C for one hour, and the morphologically normal embryos were transferred to recipients (R2). In the R1 rabbits, 855 embryos were transferred to 29 recipients, and 72.4% of the recipients became pregnant. Seven of the 84 offspring were transgenic. In the R2 rabbits, 478 embryos were transferred to 16 recipients, and 62.5% of the recipients became pregnant. Two of the 39 offspring were transgenic. There were no differences in pregnancy rate, litter size and transgenic integration rate between R1 and R2. These results suggest that the short-term 4°C storage of microinjected embryos can be a valuable method for synchronization with recipients, and reducing wastage of embryos and the sacrifice of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishijima
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analysis Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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31
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Otsuka T, Harada A, Wakida K, Aoki M, Nagata T, Kariatsumari K, Sakasegawa K, Nakamura Y, Sato M, Nakayama H, Kitajima S. [Resection of malignant fibrous histiocytoma through a combined thoracic and abdominal wall approach]. Kyobu Geka 2012; 65:389-392. [PMID: 22569497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of resection of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) via combined thoracic and abdominal wall incision reconstructed using GORE DUALMESH. A 60-year-old woman underwent resection of a left lower chest wall tumor. Since the tumor infiltrated into the diaphragm, a part of the left diaphragm and left upper abdominal wall were resected together. The left chest was closed by suturing the diaphragm to the ribs. The resected area of the thoracic and abdominal wall was 12×12 cm and was reconstructed with GORE DUALMESH. She received adjuvant radiotherapy as the tumor cells were detected in the surgical margin of the diaphragm. The patient has remained well without signs of recurrence for 10 months after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Otsuka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University, Japan
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32
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Tanaka N, Sasao M, Terai K, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Yamaoka H, Wada M. Development of a He- and He0 beam source for alpha particle measurement in a burning plasma. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B115. [PMID: 22380272 DOI: 10.1063/1.3672113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proof of principle experiments of neutral helium beam production for alpha particle diagnostics was carried out on a test stand. Negative helium ions were produced in the Li charge exchange cell, in which stable and long time operation was possible. He(-) beam was accelerated to 157 keV. Finally, He(0) beam was successfully produced after the flight in the drift-tube through the auto-electron-detachment process from He(-) to He(0). A neutral beam detector using a pyroelectric device was also developed to measure He(0) beam intensity. The metastable component in the neutral helium beam was found to be less than 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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33
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Kobuchi T, Sasao M, Kisaki M, Tsumori K, Tanaka N, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Kaneko O, Shinto K, Wada M. Extraction of a strongly focusing He+ beam from three-stage concave electrodes for alpha particle measurement system in ITER. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B120. [PMID: 22380277 DOI: 10.1063/1.3673630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A strongly focusing He(+) ion beam source equipped with concave multi-aperture electrodes was developed for production of He(-) through a charge exchange cell. The beam was extracted at a voltage less than 20 kV from 301 apertures distributed in an area of 100 mm φ, and focused at 750 mm distance. The beam current and the beam size of 2 A and 20 mm in diameter, respectively, were achieved with an arc power less than 10 kW. The optimum perveance was obtained at 0.02 A∕kV(1.5) at the beam energy less than 20 keV which is suitable for the conversion to He(-) in an alkali vapor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobuchi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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34
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Sasao M, Kisaki M, Kobuchi T, Tsumori K, Tanaka N, Terai K, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Kaneko O, Shinto K, Wada M. An alpha particle measurement system using an energetic neutral helium beam in ITER (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B718. [PMID: 22380323 DOI: 10.1063/1.3673493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An energetic helium neutral beam is involved in the beam neutralization measurement system of alpha particles confined in a DT fusion plasma. A full size strong-focusing He(+) ion source (2 A, the beam radius of 11.3 mm, the beam energy less than 20 keV). Present strong-focusing He(+) ion source shows an emittance diagram separated for each beamlet of multiple apertures without phase space mixing, despite the space charge of a beamlet is asymmetric and the beam flow is non-laminar. The emittance of beamlets in the peripheral region was larger than that of center. The heat load to the plasma electrode was studied to estimate the duty factor for the ITER application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sasao
- Graduate school of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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35
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Taketani K, Kawauchi J, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Ishizaki H, Tanaka Y, Sakai T, Miyoshi J, Maehara Y, Kitajima S. Key role of ATF3 in p53-dependent DR5 induction upon DNA damage of human colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2011; 31:2210-21. [PMID: 21927023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress response gene ATF3 is one of the p53 target genes and has a tumor suppressor role in cancer. However, the biological role of p53-ATF3 pathway is not well understood. Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a death domain-containing transmembrane receptor that triggers cell death upon binding to its ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), and a combination of TRAIL and agents that increase the expression of DR5 is expected as a novel anticancer therapy. In this report, we demonstrate that ATF3 is required for efficient DR5 induction upon DNA damage by camptothecin (CPT) in colorectal cancer cells. In the absence of ATF3, induction of DR5 messenger RNA and protein is remarkably abrogated, and this is associated with reduced cell death by TRAIL and CPT. By contrast, exogenous expression of ATF3 causes more rapid and elevated expression of DR5, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to apoptotic cell death by TRAIL/CPT. Reporter assay and DNA affinity precipitation assay demonstrate that at least three ATF/CRE motifs at the proximal promoter of the human DR5 gene are involved in the activation of DNA damage-induced DR5 gene transcription. Furthermore, ATF3 is shown to interact with p53 to form a complex on the DR5 gene by Re-chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the role of ATF3 as an essential co-transcription factor for p53 upon DNA damage, and this may represent a useful biomarker for TRAIL-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taketani
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Gurzov EN, Barthson J, Marhfour I, Ortis F, Naamane N, Igoillo-Esteve M, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Kitajima S, Marchetti P, Ørntoft TF, Bakiri L, Wagner EF, Eizirik DL. Pancreatic β-cells activate a JunB/ATF3-dependent survival pathway during inflammation. Oncogene 2011; 31:1723-32. [PMID: 21841823 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells by local autoimmune inflammation is a hallmark of type 1 diabetes. Histochemical analysis of pancreases from non-obese diabetic mice indicated activation of the transcription factor JunB/AP-1 (activator protein-1) after autoimmune infiltration of the islets. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ induce JunB expression as a protective mechanism against apoptosis in both human and rodent β-cells. The gene network affected was studied by microarray analysis showing that JunB regulates nearly 20% of the cytokine-modified β-cell genes, including the transcription factor ATF3. Direct transcriptional induction of ATF3 by JunB is a key event for β-cell survival after TNF-α+IFN-γ treatment. Moreover, pharmacological upregulation of JunB/ATF3 via increased cAMP protected rodent primary β-cells and human islet cells against pro-inflammatory mediators. These results were confirmed in genetically modified islets derived from Ubi-JunB transgenic mice. Our findings identify ATF3 as a novel downstream target of JunB in the survival mechanism of β-cells under inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Gurzov
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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37
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Matsuda S, Yamashita A, Sato Y, Kitajima S, Koike T, Sugita C, Moriguchi-Goto S, Hatakeyama K, Takahashi M, Koshimoto C, Matsuura Y, Iwakiri T, Chen YE, Fan J, Asada Y. Human C-reactive protein enhances thrombus formation after neointimal balloon injury in transgenic rabbits. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:201-8. [PMID: 21029360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) constitute a powerful predictive marker of cardiovascular events. Several lines of evidence suggest that CRP has prothrombogenic effects. However, whether CRP directly participates in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in vivo has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE To test whether human CRP (hCRP) affects arterial thrombus formation after balloon injury of smooth muscle cell (SMC)-rich or macrophage-rich neointima. METHODS We compared the susceptibility of transgenic (Tg) rabbits expressing hCRP (46.21 ± 13.85 mg L(-1), n = 22) and non-Tg rabbits to arterial thrombus formation after balloon injury of SMC-rich or macrophage-rich neointima. RESULTS Thrombus size on SMC-rich or macrophage-rich neointima was significantly increased, and was accompanied by an increase in fibrin content in hCRP-Tg rabbits, as compared with non-Tg rabbits. Thrombus size did not significantly differ between SMC-rich and macrophage-rich neointima in hCRP-Tg rabbits. Tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression and activity in these neointimal lesions were significantly increased in hCRP-Tg rabbits as compared with non-Tg rabbits. The degree of CRP deposition correlated with the elevated TF expression and thrombus size on injured neointima. In addition, hCRP isolated from hCRP-Tg rabbit plasma induced TF mRNA expression and activity in rabbit cultured vascular SMCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that elevated plasma hCRP levels promote thrombus formation on injured SMC-rich neointima by enhancing TF expression, but have no additive effects in macrophage-rich neointima.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- C-Reactive Protein/genetics
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Catheterization
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Thromboplastin/genetics
- Thrombosis/blood
- Thrombosis/genetics
- Thrombosis/metabolism
- Thrombosis/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/injuries
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular System Injuries/blood
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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38
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Ishii K, Shinohara K, Ishikawa M, Baba M, Isobe M, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Sasao M. Fast neutron-gamma discrimination on neutron emission profile measurement on JT-60U. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D334. [PMID: 21033854 DOI: 10.1063/1.3496986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A digital signal processing (DSP) system is applied to stilbene scintillation detectors of the multichannel neutron emission profile monitor in JT-60U. Automatic analysis of the neutron-γ pulse shape discrimination is a key issue to diminish the processing time in the DSP system, and it has been applied using the two-dimensional (2D) map. Linear discriminant function is used to determine the dividing line between neutron events and γ-ray events on a 2D map. In order to verify the validity of the dividing line determination, the pulse shape discrimination quality is evaluated. As a result, the γ-ray contamination in most of the beam heating phase was negligible compared with the statistical error with 10 ms time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishii
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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39
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Abstract
Full orbit-following calculation is performed for the final orbit of the lost alpha particles, showing some orbits escaping from the last closed flux surface could be detected by a concealed lost ion probe (CLIP) installed under the shadow of the original first wall surface. While both passing and trapped orbits hit the same wall panel, detecting a trapped orbit by the CLIP is easier than detecting passing orbits. Whether the final orbit is detected or not is determined by the position of the reflection point. The CLIP successfully detects the trapped orbits, which are reflected before they hit to a first wall. Then the pitch angles of the orbits at the CLIP are close to and smaller than 90°. Optimization of the position of the CLIP in terms of broader detection window is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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40
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Nagai T, Tanaka M, Hasui K, Shirahama H, Kitajima S, Yonezawa S, Xu B, Matsuyama T. Effect of an immunotoxin to folate receptor beta on bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:348-56. [PMID: 20550546 PMCID: PMC2909418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that alveolar and interstitial macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by producing proinflammatory and/or fibrogenic cytokines. We showed that inflammatory macrophages expressed folate receptor beta (FRbeta) while resident macrophages in normal tissues expressed no or low levels of FRbeta. In the present study, we examined the distribution of FRbeta-expressing macrophages in the lungs of patients with usual idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP) and mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and tested whether the depletion of FRbeta-expressing macrophages could suppress bleomycin-induced PF in mice. Immunostaining with anti-human or -mouse FRbeta monoclonal antibody (mAb) revealed that FRbeta-expressing macrophages were present predominantly in fibrotic areas of the lungs of patients with UIP and mice with bleomycin-induced PF. Intranasal administration of a recombinant immunotoxin, consisting of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain Fv portions of an anti-mouse FRbeta mAb and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A, increased survival significantly and reduced levels of total hydroxyproline and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF. In immunohistochemical analysis, decreased numbers of tumour necrosis factor-alpha-, chemokines CCL2- and CCL12-producing cells were observed in the immunotoxin-treated group. These findings suggest a pathogenic role of FRbeta-expressing macrophages in IPF. Thus, targeting FRbeta-expressing macrophages may be a promising treatment of IPF.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/administration & dosage
- ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
- ADP Ribose Transferases/pharmacology
- ADP Ribose Transferases/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Bacterial Toxins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Bacterial Toxins/therapeutic use
- Bleomycin/pharmacology
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Exotoxins/administration & dosage
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/pharmacology
- Exotoxins/therapeutic use
- Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored
- Humans
- Hydroxyproline/metabolism
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunotoxins/administration & dosage
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- Immunotoxins/therapeutic use
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Survival Analysis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Virulence Factors/administration & dosage
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/pharmacology
- Virulence Factors/therapeutic use
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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41
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Sasao M, Kobuchi T, Kisaki M, Takahashi H, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Kaneko O, Tsumori K, Shinto K, Wada M. Fine-structure characteristics in the emittance images of a strongly focusing He+ beam. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:02B115. [PMID: 20192421 DOI: 10.1063/1.3277211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phase space distribution of a strongly focused He(+) ion beam source equipped with concave multiaperture electrodes was measured using a pepper-pot plate and a Kapton foil. The substructure of 301 merging He beamlets was clearly observed on a footprint of pepper-pot hole at the beam waist, where the beam density was 500 mA/cm(2). The position and the width of each beamlet substructure show the effect of interference of beamlets with surrounding one.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sasao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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42
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Kato T, Habuchi T, Tsuchiya N, Sato K, Kitajima S, Kato S. Mass screening of prostate cancer and its impact on inhabitants in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Aktuelle Urol 2010; 41 Suppl 1:S53-6. [PMID: 20094956 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, the Akita Medical Association started a prostate cancer (PC) mass screening project for >or= 50-year-old male inhabitants in individual municipalities of Akita Prefecture, utilizing serum prostate-specific antigen. The number of examinees increased from 4321 in 2001 to 29,936 in 2006, while the annual rate of examinees per target inhabitants remained at 11.6 to 16.8% and the fraction of repeat examinees increased up to 77% in 2006. A total of 944 PCs were screened with a stage B tumor incidence of 84.1% (range: 82.2 to 86.6%). The annual PC detection rate was 0.95 to 1.11% for the first 4 years, but then declined to 0.54% in 2006 mainly due to the increase of repeat examinees. PSA mass screening is effective for the detection of early stage PC, but a further promotion is needed to mobilize the sleeping inhabitants. Indeed, the number of new PC patients in 17 major hospitals in Akita Prefecture rapidly increased after the mass screening started (3.2-fold), suggesting an enlightenment effect of the screening project on both the inhabitants and general physicians.
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Kayano T, Kitajima S, Kishimoto M, Yanagihara H, Hashimoto S, Yamada K, Oda T, Kita E. Evaluation of the Temperature Increase Property of a Dispersant of Co-containing Fe3O4 Particles Used for Magnetic Thermoablation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3379/msjmag.1003r030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kitajima S, Kayano T, Kishimoto M, Yanagihara H, Kita E. Synthesis of Co-Containing Fe3O4 Particles for Magnetic Themoablation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3379/msjmag.1003r008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Aurora-A, also known as Aik, BTAK, or STK15, is a centrosomal serine/threonine protein kinase, which is proto-oncogenic and is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers. Besides gene amplification and mRNA overexpression, proteolytic resistance mechanisms are thought to contribute to overexpression of Aurora-A. However, it is not yet clear how overexpressed Aurora-A affects the expression of transformed phenotype. Here, we found that nuclear accumulation of Aurora-A was critical for transformation activity. Cellular protein fractionation experiments and immunoblot analysis demonstrated a predominance of Aurora-A in the nuclear soluble fraction in head and neck cancer cells. Indirect immunofluorescence using confocal laser microscopy confirmed nuclear Aurora-A in head and neck cancer cells, while most oral keratinocytes exhibited only centrosomal localization. The expression of nuclear export signal-fused Aurora-A demonstrated that the oncogenic transformation activity was lost on disruption of the nuclear localization. Thus, the cytoplasmic localization of overexpressed Aurora-A previously demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis is not likely to correspond to that in intact cancer cells. This study identifies an alternative mode of Aurora-A overexpression in cancer, through nuclear rather than cytoplasmic functions. We suggest that substrates of Aurora-A in the cell nuclear soluble fraction can represent a novel therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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46
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Katoh-Semba R, Kaneko R, Kitajima S, Tsuzuki M, Ichisaka S, Hata Y, Yamada H, Miyazaki N, Takahashi Y, Kato K. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for in vivo brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2009; 163:352-61. [PMID: 19524026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with the formation, storage and recall of memory in the hippocampus and that it is important to maintain a considerable level of hippocampal BDNF in order to keep normal functions. BDNF can be synthesized in an activity-dependent manner. In fact, kainic acid or AMPA enhances BDNF levels in hippocampal granule neurons. However, the mechanisms of BDNF production are largely unclear. Recently, we have found that riluzole, which blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and thereby reduces glutamate release, actually strengthens immunoreactivity of BDNF in hippocampal granule neurons of rats. Therefore, we examined the riluzole-activated signaling pathways for BDNF production. Riluzole increased levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), as well as BDNF levels. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 reduced riluzole effects, while activation of p38 MAPK by anisomycin increased levels of BDNF, suggesting that p38 MAPK can mediate BDNF production. Riluzole-induced elevation of phospho-activating transcription factor-2, a transcription factor downstream of p38 MAPK, was also observed. A blocker of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels reduced the effects of riluzole on BDNF production and p38 MAPK activation. We also examined a possible involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor in BDNF production because riluzole can influence ecto-nucleotide levels. An A1 receptor agonist inhibited riluzole-induced elevation of BDNF levels, whereas an antagonist not only increased levels of BDNF and active p38 MAPK but also augmented riluzole effects. These results indicate that, in the rat hippocampus, there is an in vivo signaling pathway for BDNF synthesis mediated by p38 MAPK, and that N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and/or adenosine A1 receptors contribute to p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katoh-Semba
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan.
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Katayama Y, Sato H, Kitajima S, Yoshitake S, Noguichi R, Furukawa K, Okazaki Y, Morita S. [Aortitis syndrome with repeated restenoses of a drug eluting stent]. Kyobu Geka 2009; 62:364-368. [PMID: 19425374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The patient was a 49-year-old female who developed acute myocardial infarction of the right coronary artery in August 2005. In a short period of time, the patient had restenosis repeatedly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Restenosis could not be prevented even with a drug eluting stent (DES), and thus, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) was performed. The diagnosis of aortitis syndrome was made due to protracted postoperative inflammation. Aortitis syndrome was determined to be the main cause of repeated restenosis. This case was a middle-aged female who had restenosis in a short period of time, and aortitis syndrome should have been included in the differential diagnosis. Although some positive results have been reported on DES placement for coronary lesions of aortitis syndrome, DES was completely ineffective in our patient. Further studies with more patients are necessary to examine the effectiveness of DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Katayama
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
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Turchi L, Fareh M, Aberdam E, Kitajima S, Simpson F, Wicking C, Aberdam D, Virolle T. ATF3 and p15PAF are novel gatekeepers of genomic integrity upon UV stress. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:728-37. [PMID: 19219066 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
After genotoxic stress, normal cells trigger DNA repair or, if unable to repair, undergo apoptosis to eradicate the cells that bear the risk of becoming tumorigenic. Here we show that repression of the transcription factor, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), after ultraviolet (UV)-mediated genotoxic stress impairs the DNA repair process. We provide evidence that ATF3 directly regulates the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated factor KIAA0101/p15(PAF). We further show that the expressions of ATF3 and p15(PAF) is sufficient to trigger the DNA repair machinery, and that attenuation of their expression alters DNA repair mechanisms. We show that the expression of p15(PAF) compensates for a lack of ATF3 expression, thereby constituting a major effector of ATF3 in the DNA repair process. In addition, we provide evidence that p15(PAF) expression is required for the correct function of PCNA during DNA repair, as prevention of their interaction significantly alters DNA repair mechanisms. Finally, defective DNA repair, because of the downregulation of p15(PAF) expression, rendered the cells more sensitive to UV-induced cell death. Therefore, our results suggest ATF3 and p15(PAF) as novel gatekeepers of genomic integrity after UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Turchi
- INSERM U898, Nice F-06107, France
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49
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Kobuchi T, Kisaki M, Shinto K, Okamoto A, Kitajima S, Sasao M, Tsumori K, Kaneko O, Sakakita H, Kiyama S, Hirano Y, Wada M. Effects of filament geometry on the arc efficiency of a high-intensity He+ ion source. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F316. [PMID: 19044629 DOI: 10.1063/1.2965781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A strongly focusing high-intensity He(+) ion source equipped with three concave electrodes has been designed and constructed as the beam source for a high-energy He(0) neutral beam probe system to diagnose fusion-produced alpha particles in thermonuclear fusion plasmas. The reduction of heat load onto the concave extraction electrodes is particularly important for a long pulse operation, as the heat load deforms the electrodes and thus the beam focal length. The effects on the arc efficiency (beam current/arc power) of the ion source due to the discharge filament structure (straight-type and L-shape-type filaments), size (filament diameters of 2 and 1.5 mm), number, and the locations have been studied. Choice of the appropriate filament structure improved the arc efficiency by 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobuchi
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0579, Japan
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50
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Funaki D, Isobe M, Nishiura M, Sato Y, Okamoto A, Kobuchi T, Kitajima S, Sasao M. Full orbit calculation for lost alpha particle measurement on ITER. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E512. [PMID: 19044496 DOI: 10.1063/1.2974810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An orbit following calculation code with full gyromotion under the ITER magnetic field configuration has been developed to investigate escaping alpha particle orbits in ITER and to determine the geometrical arrangement for alpha particle detection. The code contained the full geometrical information of the first wall panels. It was carefully investigated whether an alpha particle escaping from the plasma through the last closed flux surface does not touch or intersect the first wall boundary before reaching the detection point. Candidates of blanket module modification have been studied to achieve effective measurement geometry for escaping alpha particle detection. The calculations showed that direct orbit loss and banana diffusion can be detected with a probe head recessed from the first wall surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Funaki
- Department of Quantum Energy Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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