1
|
Truong TQ, Park YJ, Jeon JS, Choi J, Koo SY, Choi YB, Huynh PK, Moon J, Kim SM. Myrosinase isogenes in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) and their putative roles in glucosinolate metabolism. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:353. [PMID: 38693493 PMCID: PMC11061951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasabi, a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent and hot flavor which is produced from glucosinolate (GSL) degradation. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principle enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant defense system and food quality. Due to the limited information in relation to MYRs present in wasabi (Wasabia japonica M.), this study aimed to identify the MYR isogenes in W. japonica and analyze their roles in relation to GSL metabolism. RESULTS In results, WjMYRI-1 was abundantly expressed in all organs, whereas WjMYRI-2 showed only trace expression levels. WjMYRII was highly expressed in the aboveground tissues. Interestingly, WjMYRII expression was significantly upregulated by certain abiotic factors, such as methyl jasmonate (more than 40-fold in petioles and 15-fold in leaves) and salt (tenfold in leaves). Young leaves and roots contained 97.89 and 91.17 µmol‧g-1 of GSL, whereas less GSL was produced in mature leaves and petioles (38.36 and 44.79 µmol‧g-1, respectively). Similar pattern was observed in the accumulation of GHPs in various plant organs. Notably, despite the non-significant changes in GSL production, abiotic factors treated samples enhanced significantly GHP content. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that WjMYRI-1 expression significantly correlated with GSL accumulation and GHP formation, suggesting the primary role of WjMYRI-1-encoding putative protein in GSL degradation. In contrast, WjMYRII expression level showed no correlation with GSL or GHP content, suggesting another physiological role of WjMYRII in stress-induced response. CONCLUSIONS In conclusions, three potential isogenes (WjMYRI-1, WjMYRI-2, and WjMYRII) encoding for different MYR isoforms in W. japonica were identified. Our results provided new insights related to MYR and GSL metabolism which are important for the implications of wasabi in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industry. Particularly, WjMYRI-1 may be primarily responsible for GSL degradation, whereas WjMYRII (clade II) may be involved in other regulatory pathways induced by abiotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Truong TQ, Park YJ, Winarto J, Huynh PK, Moon J, Choi YB, Song DG, Koo SY, Kim SM. Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:93. [PMID: 38393064 PMCID: PMC10889934 DOI: 10.3390/md22020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, P. tricornutum was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.882 mM sodium nitrate), limited (LN, 0.22 mM), and high (HN, 8.82 mM) initial nitrogen concentrations in f/2 medium. Microalgal growth and photosynthetic pigment production were examined, and day 5 samples were subjected to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. The result demonstrated that HN promoted FX productivity by extending the exponential growth phase for higher biomass and FX accumulation stage (P1), showing a continuous increase in FX accumulation on day 6. Augmented FX biosynthesis via the upregulation of carotenogenesis could be primarily attributed to enhanced FCP formation in the thylakoid membrane. Key proteins, such as LHC3/4, LHCF8, LHCF5, and LHCF10, and key genes, such as PtPSY, PtPDS, and PtVDE, were upregulated under nitrogen repletion. Finally, the combination of low light and HN prolonged the P1 stage to day 10, resulting in maximal FX productivity to 9.82 ± 0.56 mg/L/day, demonstrating an effective strategy for enhancing FX production in microalgae cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koo SY, Hwang KT, Hwang S, Choi KY, Park YJ, Choi JH, Truong TQ, Kim SM. Nanoencapsulation enhances the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract. Food Chem 2023; 403:134348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
4
|
Lim T, Lee K, Kim RH, Ryu J, Cha KH, Park SY, Koo SY, Hwang KT. Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:577-587. [PMID: 36911337 PMCID: PMC9992478 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, black raspberry (BR) reduced the serum levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and cholesterol in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet (HFC). We hypothesized that gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the production of trimethylamine and microbial metabolites, and BR could influence gut microbial composition. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BR on changes in gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the rats. The phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiota was reduced in the rats fed HFC, while that in the BR-fed group was restored. The BR supplementation enriched Bifidobacterium and reduced Clostridium cluster XIVa. In the BR-fed group, most cecal bile acids and hippuric acid increased, while serum lithocholic acid was reduced. The BR supplementation upregulated Cyp7a1 and downregulated Srebf2. These results suggest that BR extract may change gut bacterial community, modulate bile acids, and regulate gene expression toward reducing cholesterol. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01267-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Ryun Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park YJ, Kwon DY, Koo SY, Truong TQ, Hong SC, Choi J, Moon J, Kim SM. Identification of drought-responsive phenolic compounds and their biosynthetic regulation under drought stress in Ligularia fischeri. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1140509. [PMID: 36860897 PMCID: PMC9968736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ligularia fischeri, a leafy edible plant found in damp shady regions, has been used as an herbal medicine and is also consumed as a horticultural crop. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic changes, especially those involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, induced by severe drought stress in L. fischeri plants. A distinguishing characteristic of L. fischeri is a color change from green to purple due to anthocyanin biosynthesis. We chromatographically isolated and identified two anthocyanins and two flavones upregulated by drought stress using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses in this plant for the first time. In contrast, all types of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and flavonol contents were decreased under drought stress. Further, we performed RNA sequencing to examine the molecular changes in these phenolic compounds at the transcriptome level. In an overview of drought-inducible responses, we identified 2,105 hits for 516 distinct transcripts as drought-responsive genes. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis accounted for the greatest number of both up- and downregulated DEGs by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. We identified 24 meaningful DEGs based on the regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. Potential drought-responsive genes included upregulated flavone synthase (LfFNS, TRINITY DN31661 c0 g1 i1) and anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (LfA5GT1, TRINITY DN782 c0 g1 i1), which could contribute to the high levels of flavones and anthocyanins under drought stress in L. fischeri. In addition, the downregulated shikimate O-hydroxycinnamolytransferase (LfHCT, TRINITY DN31661 c0 g1 i1) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate/shikimate transferase (LfHQT4, TRINITY DN15180 c0 g1 i1) genes led to a reduction in CQAs. Only one or two BLASTP hits for LfHCT were obtained for six different Asteraceae species. It is possible that the HCT gene plays a crucial role in CQAs biosynthesis in these species. These findings expand our knowledge of the response mechanisms to drought stress, particularly regarding the regulation of key phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes in L. fischeri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - To Quyen Truong
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Hong
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Truong TQ, Nguyen TT, Cho JY, Park YJ, Choi JH, Koo SY, Kim HY, Byun HG, Kim SM. Effect of processing treatments on the phytochemical composition of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Lim T, Lee K, Kim RH, Cha KH, Koo SY, Moon EC, Hwang KT. Black raspberry extract can lower serum LDL cholesterol via modulation of gut microbial composition and serum bile acid profile in rats fed trimethylamine-N-oxide with a high-fat diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1041-1051. [PMID: 35873380 PMCID: PMC9300784 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BR) has been regarded to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate how BR extract affects serum lipid profile, gut microbial composition, metabolites in rats fed TMAO with a high-fat diet. Dietary TMAO increased serum LDL cholesterol, while BR extract decreased its level. α-Diversity of gut microbiota was not changed; however, in the rats fed TMAO, Macellibacteroides and Mucispirillum were enriched, while Ruminococcaceae was reduced. The BR supplementation could restore Macellibacteroides, Clostridium, and Ruminococcaceae. The BR supplementation increased cecal hippuric acid and serum farnesoid X receptor-antagonistic bile acids, including ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-α-muricholic acid, and tauro-UDCA. The BR supplementation tended to upregulate Cyp7a1 and Abcg5 expressions while downregulating Srebf2 and Hmgcr expressions. BR extract affects the gut bacterial community and microbial metabolites, lowering serum LDL cholesterol in rats with elevated serum TMAO. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01079-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Ryun Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 South Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451 South Korea
| | - Eun Chae Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han HS, Koo SY, Choi KY. Emerging nanoformulation strategies for phytocompounds and applications from drug delivery to phototherapy to imaging. Bioact Mater 2021; 14:182-205. [PMID: 35310344 PMCID: PMC8892098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants (bioactive phytocompounds, BPCs) have been used worldwide to address human health issues. Today, they are a significant resource for drug discovery in the development of modern medicines. Although many BPCs have promising biological activities, most of them cannot be effectively utilized in drugs for therapeutic applications because of their inherent limitations of low solubility, structural instability, short half-life, poor bioavailability, and non-specific distribution to organs. Researchers have utilized emerging nanoformulation (NF) technologies to overcome these limitations as they have demonstrated great potential to improve the solubility, stability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of BPCs. This review exemplifies NF strategies for resolving the issues associated with BPCs and summarizes recent advances in their preclinical and clinical applications for imaging and therapy. This review also highlights how innovative NF technologies play a leading role in next-generation BPC-based drug development for extended therapeutic applications. Finally, this review discusses the opportunities to take BPCs with meaningful clinical impact from bench to bedside and extend the patent life of BPC-based medicines with new formulations or application to new adjacent diseases beyond the primary drug indications. Natural bioactive phytocompounds derived from plants have been used worldwide to address human health issues. However, most of them cannot be effectively utilized in drugs for therapeutic applications because of their inherent limitations. Nanoformulation approach has recently been underlined as an emerging pharmaceutical strategy to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of bioactive phytocompounds. Various types of nanoformulation and their up-to-date applications for targeted delivery, phototherapy, and imaging are reviewed. Finally, their clinical implications for the repurposing of bioactive phytocompounds are deliberated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Seung Han
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koo SY, Hwang JH, Yang SH, Um JI, Hong KW, Kang K, Pan CH, Hwang KT, Kim SM. Anti-Obesity Effect of Standardized Extract of Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Containing Fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050311. [PMID: 31137922 PMCID: PMC6562887 DOI: 10.3390/md17050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX), a marine carotenoid found in macroalgae and microalgae, exhibits several beneficial effects to health. The anti-obesity activity of FX is well documented, but FX has not been mass-produced or applied extensively or commercially because of limited availability of raw materials and complex extraction techniques. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of standardized FX powder (Phaeodactylum extract (PE)) developed from microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a commercial functional food. The effects of PE on adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and anti-obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice were evaluated. PE and FX dose-dependently decreased intracellular lipid contents in adipocytes without cytotoxicity. In HFD-fed obese mice, PE supplementation for six weeks decreased body weight, organ weight, and adipocyte size. In the serum parameter analysis, the PE-treated groups showed attenuation of lipid metabolism dysfunction and liver damage induced by HFD. In the liver, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) upregulation and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) downregulation were detected in the PE-treated groups. Additionally, micro computed tomography revealed lower fat accumulation in PE-treated groups compared to that in the HFD group. These results indicate that PE exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting adipocytic lipogenesis, inducing fat mass reduction and decreasing intracellular lipid content, adipocyte size, and adipose weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Jae-In Um
- R&D Department, AlgaeTech Co. Ltd., Gangneung 25457, Korea.
| | - Kwang Won Hong
- R&D Department, AlgaeTech Co. Ltd., Gangneung 25457, Korea.
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koo SY, Mok IK, Pan CH, Kim SM. Preparation of Fucoxanthin-Loaded Nanoparticles Composed of Casein and Chitosan with Improved Fucoxanthin Bioavailability. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:9428-9435. [PMID: 27960297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the utilization of fucoxanthin (FX), a valuable marine carotenoid, in the food industry, FX-loaded casein nanoparticles (FX-CN) and chitosan-coated FX-CN (FX-CS-CN) were developed using the FX-enriched fraction from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Two nanoscale particles (237 ± 13 nm for FX-CN and 277 ± 26 nm for FX-CN-CN) with spherical and smooth surfaces showed over 71% encapsulation efficiency and polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.31-0.39 in water. Owing to the chitosan coating, FX-CS-CN showed a positive zeta potential (24.00 mV), whereas that of FX-CN was negative (-12.87 mV). In vitro simulated digestion demonstrated better FX bioaccessibility from the nanoparticles versus P. tricornutum powder (Pt-powder) and from FX-CN versus FX-CS-CN. However, in C57BL/6 mice, fucoxanthinol absorption to the blood circulation was two times higher for FX-CS-CN versus FX-CN, possibly due to increased retention or adsorption to mucin by the cationic biopolymer in the chitosan-coated particles. These results demonstrate that FX-CS-CN can enable the application of FX, with improved bioavailability and water dispersibility, in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Koo
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyoon Mok
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phawaphuthanon N, Behnam S, Koo SY, Pan CH, Chung D. Characterization of core–shell calcium-alginate macrocapsules fabricated by electro-coextrusion. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Koo SY, Cha KH, Song DG, Chung D, Pan CH. Microencapsulation of peppermint oil in an alginate-pectin matrix using a coaxial electrospray system. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Koo
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 210-340 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 210-340 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 210-340 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Chung
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology; Gangneung-Wonju National University; Gangneung 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Functional Food Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 210-340 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cha KH, Koo SY, Song DG, Pan CH. Effect of microfluidization on bioaccessibility of carotenoids from Chlorella ellipsoidea during simulated digestion. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9437-9442. [PMID: 22946699 DOI: 10.1021/jf303207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from Chlorella ellipsoidea using a simulated digestion model. To increase the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, C. ellipsoidea was pulverized by microfluidization at pressures up to 20000 psi. The microfluidization treatment significantly reduced mean microalga particle size from 2463 to 361 nm. The major carotenoid in C. ellipsoidea was zeaxanthin, with two minor carotenoids, antheraxanthin and β-carotene. After microfluidization, the zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in C. ellipsoidea were not changed in comparison to the untreated group, whereas the antheraxanthin content was significantly reduced. The bioaccessibility of carotenoids in untreated C. ellipsoidea was very low (zeaxanthin, 2.60%; β-carotene, 1.69%). Approximately 95% of total C. ellipsoidea carotenoids could not be released and micellized by simulated digestion. The microfluidized microalga (at 20000 psi) was 10 times more effective for zeaxanthin and β-carotene micelle formation compared with untreated C. ellipsoidea, showing higher bioaccessibility of carotenoids (zeaxanthin, 32.60%; β-carotene, 18.19%). These results indicate that microfluidization may be useful for disrupting C. ellipsoidea cell walls and improving zeaxanthin and β-carotene bioaccessibility from C. ellipsoidea during the digestion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Cha
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang K, Cha KH, Koo SY, Song DG, Nho CW, Pan CH. Effect of Microfluidization on Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids from
Chlorella ellipsoidea
during Simulated Digestion. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Functional Food CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungKorea, Republic of
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Hong SI, Lee JH, Bae HJ, Koo SY, Lee HS, Choi JH, Kim DH, Park SH, Park HJ. Effect of shear rate on structural, mechanical, and barrier properties of chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite film. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
Cha KH, Lee HJ, Koo SY, Song DG, Lee DU, Pan CH. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Chlorella vulgaris. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:793-797. [PMID: 20028017 DOI: 10.1021/jf902628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Four extraction techniques such as maceration (MAC), Soxhlet extraction (SOX), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and PLE were compared, and both the extraction temperature (50, 105, and 160 degrees C) and the extraction time (8, 19, and 30 min), which are the two main factors for PLE, were optimized with a central composite design to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. The extraction solvent (90% ethanol/water) could adequately extract the functional components from C. vulgaris. PLE showed higher extraction efficiencies than MAC, SOX, and UAE. Temperature was the key parameter having the strongest influence on the extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from chlorella. In addition, high heat treatment (>110 degrees C) by PLE minimized the formation of pheophorbide a, a harmful chlorophyll derivative. These results indicate that PLE may be a useful extraction method for the simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls from C. vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-340, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cha KH, Koo SY, Lee DU. Antiproliferative effects of carotenoids extracted from Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella vulgaris on human colon cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:10521-10526. [PMID: 18942838 DOI: 10.1021/jf802111x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of carotenoids separated from marine Chlorella ellipsoidea and freshwater Chlorella vulgaris has been evaluated. HPLC analysis revealed that the main carotenoid from C. ellipsoidea was composed of violaxanthin with two minor xanthophylls, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, whereas the carotenoid from C. vulgaris was almost completely composed of lutein. In an MTT assay, both semipurified extracts of C. ellipsoidea and C. vulgaris inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, yielding IC(50) values of 40.73 +/- 3.71 and 40.31 +/- 4.43 microg/mL, respectively. In addition, treatment with both chlorella extracts enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the early apoptotic cell population in HCT116 cells. C. ellipsoidea extract produced an apoptosis-inducing effect almost 2.5 times stronger than that of the C. vulgaris extract. These results indicate that bioactive xanthophylls of C. ellipsoidea might be useful functional ingredients in the prevention of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee YM, Jeong CH, Koo SY, Son MJ, Song HS, Bae SK, Raleigh JA, Chung HY, Yoo MA, Kim KW. Determination of hypoxic region by hypoxia marker in developing mouse embryos in vivo: a possible signal for vessel development. Dev Dyn 2001; 220:175-86. [PMID: 11169851 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0177(20010201)220:2<175::aid-dvdy1101>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a well-known signal for angiogenesis, but the recent proposal that hypoxia exists in developing embryonic tissues and that it induces vascular development remains to be proven. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of hypoxia in normal developing embryos by means of a hypoxia marker, pimonidazole, and its associated antibody. Our data clearly show that hypoxia marker immunoreactivity was highly detected in developing neural tubes, heart, and intersomitic mesenchyme at an early stage of organogenesis, suggesting that hypoxia may exist in the early stages of embryo development. We also found that hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were spatiotemporally co-localized with possible hypoxic regions in embryos. Investigation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) expression provides evidence that endothelial cells proliferate and form the vessels in the hypoxic region in developing organs. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia induced both HIF-1alpha and VEGF in F9 embryonic stem and differentiated cells. Thus, we suggest that hypoxia may exist widely in developing embryonic tissues and that it may act as a signal for embryonic blood vessel formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
In a study conducted to compare three screening methods for their ability to detect significant bacteriuria, 2,815 urine specimens were screened by Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Division of Boehringer Mannheim Chemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.), 1,000 were screened by Bac-T-Screen (Marion Scientific Laboratory, Kansas City, Mo.), and 289 were screened by ATP assay (Turner Designs, Mountain View, Calif.). Results were compared with those obtained by quantitative culture plate method. The ATP assay showed the highest sensitivity (91%) compared with the Bac-T-Screen (67%) and Chemstrip LN (50%) tests but had the lowest specificity (64%) compared with the Bac-T-Screen (83%) and Chemstrip LN (91%). In 101 leukopenic patients with significant bacteriuria, the Bac-T-Screen test showed a higher sensitivity (33% at 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml and 80% at greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml). It is concluded from this study that none of the three methods are sufficiently sensitive for the clinical research patients in this institution.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Three commercial latex kits, IBL, MYCO-Immune, and IMMY, for the detection of cryptococcal antigen were compared in regard to sensitivity, specificity, and height of antigen titers. A total of 218 cerebrospinal fluid and 79 serum specimens from 239 patients were included. Twenty-two patients had culture-proven disseminated cryptococcosis. Both the IBL and MYCO-Immune kits had sensitivities of 100%, and the IMMY kit had sensitivities of 82.6 and 45.4% in CSF and serum specimens, respectively. There was one false-positive reaction in serum with the MYCO-Immune kit and one false-negative reaction on screen only with all three kits. Rheumatoid factor-containing sera were used to check the agglutination titers between matching anti-cryptococcal globulin reagents and normal globulin reagents. The finding that agglutination titer with anti-cryptococcal globulin reagents was fourfold higher than with normal globulin reagents in the MYCO-Immune kit is considered to be a cause for a false-positive reaction in serum.
Collapse
|