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Choi SL, Men F. Food insecurity associated with higher COVID-19 infection in households with older adults. Public Health 2021; 200:7-14. [PMID: 34653739 PMCID: PMC8433037 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a well-documented social determinant of health, food insecurity may be associated with COVID-19 infection in households with older adults. We examined whether older adults were vulnerable to COVID-19 infection during the early pandemic if they were food insecure versus food secure. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a nationally representative population-based survey of US older adults. METHODS We used a random subsample of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) drawn in June 2020 (N = 3212). We compared the odds of reporting COVID-19 infection in a household, COVID-19 infection and mortality among acquaintances, and respondent's perceived fair or poor health across household food insecurity status resulted from financial or non-financial barriers. Baseline health and socioeconomic circumstances were adjusted in the models. RESULTS Results showed a higher COVID-19 infection rate among food-insecure households than among their food-secure counterparts during the pandemic. Food insecurity due to non-financial obstacles was associated with greater likelihood of COVID-19 infection both within respondents' households (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.90) and among their acquaintances (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.65). Food insecurity caused by both non-financial and financial constraints was associated with twice the likelihood of knowing someone who died from COVID-19 than their food-secure counterparts (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.27-3.61). CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity driven by non-financial constraints played an important role in the ongoing pandemic among US older adults. Policies addressing COVID-19 need to recognize the vulnerability of food-insecure older adults beyond lack of monetary resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Choi
- The University of Alabama, 304 Adams Hall, Box 870158, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States.
| | - F Men
- The University of Alabama, 316 Adams Hall, Box 870158, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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Park S, Choi SL, Nahm FS, Ryu JH, Do SH. Dexmedetomidine-remifentanil vs propofol-remifentanil for monitored anesthesia care during hysteroscopy: Randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22712. [PMID: 33120766 PMCID: PMC7581053 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dexmedetomidine has been used as either the anesthetic agent for light sedation or as an adjunct to other sedatives, no study has investigated the usefulness of dexmedetomidine as the main sedative agent for invasive and painful procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during monitored anesthesia care (MAC) for hysteroscopy. METHODS Female patients undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to either the dexmedetomidine (group D) or the propofol group (group P). The study drug (0.6 ml/kg; dexmedetomidine 2 μg/ml or propofol 4 mg/ml) was loaded for 10 minutes followed by 0.1 to 0.5 ml/kg/hour to maintain a bispectral index of 60 to 80 during the procedure. In both groups, remifentanil was infused using a target-controlled-infusion system with a target concentration of 2 ng/ml and titrated during the procedure. The incidence rates of intraoperative respiratory depression in both groups were compared. Postoperative pain and patients satisfaction were also compared. RESULTS A total of 69 female patients were included in this study. Dexmedetomidine significantly decrease the incidence of respiratory depression compared with propofol (15/34 [44.1%] vs 5/35 [14.3%], P = .006, group P and D, respectively). Postoperative pain and patients satisfaction score did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION The combination of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil can reduce the incidence of respiratory depression without increasing hemodynamic complications compared with propofol-remifentanil for MAC during hysteroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Soo-Lyoen Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Francis Sahngun Nahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Do
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mudaliar S, Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Armstrong DA, Burke PM, Pettus JH, Garhyan P, Choi SL, Knadler MP, Lam ECQ, Prince MJ, Bose N, Porksen NK, Sinha VP, Linnebjerg H, Jacober SJ. Reduced peripheral activity leading to hepato-preferential action of basal insulin peglispro compared with insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 2:17-24. [PMID: 27723226 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Basal insulin peglispro (BIL), a novel PEGylated basal insulin with a large hydrodynamic size, has a delayed absorption and reduced clearance that prolongs the duration of action. The current study compared the effects of BIL and insulin glargine (GL) on endogenous glucose production (EGP), glucose disposal rate (GDR) and lipolysis in patients with type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, open-label, four-period, crossover study. Patients received intravenous infusions of BIL and GL, each at two dose levels selected for partial and maximal suppression of EGP, during an 8 to 10 h euglycemic clamp procedure with d-[3-3 H] glucose. RESULTS Following correction for equivalent human insulin concentrations (EHIC), low-dose GL infusion resulted in similar EGP at the end of the clamp compared to low-dose BIL infusion (GL/BIL ratio of 1.03) but a higher GDR (GL/BIL ratio of 2.42), indicating similar hepatic activity but attenuated peripheral activity of BIL. Consistent with this, the EHIC-corrected GDR/EGP at the end of the clamp was 1.72-fold greater for GL than BIL following low-dose administration. At the lower dose of BIL and GL (concentrations in the therapeutic range), BIL produced less suppression of lipolysis compared with GL as indicated by free fatty acid and glycerol levels at the end of the clamp. CONCLUSIONS Compared with GL, BIL restored the hepato-peripheral insulin action gradient seen in normal physiology via its peripherally restricted action on target tissues related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mudaliar
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R R Henry
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T P Ciaraldi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - D A Armstrong
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P M Burke
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J H Pettus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P Garhyan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S L Choi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M P Knadler
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E C Q Lam
- Eli Lilly and Company, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M J Prince
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N Bose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - N K Porksen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - V P Sinha
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - S J Jacober
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Callis Duffin K, Bagel J, Bukhalo M, Mercado Clement IJ, Choi SL, Zhao F, Gill A, Pangallo B, Shuler C, Mallbris L, Jackson K. Phase 3, open-label, randomized study of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of ixekizumab following subcutaneous administration using a prefilled syringe or an autoinjector in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (UNCOVER-A). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:107-113. [PMID: 27500949 PMCID: PMC5215575 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of ixekizumab, an anti‐interleukin‐17A (anti‐IL‐17A) monoclonal IgG4 antibody, was demonstrated in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients when administered via prefilled syringe (PFS). Objective To evaluate the effect of two drug delivery devices on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ixekizumab as well as efficacy and safety with both devices. Methods In the first 12 weeks of an open‐label, phase 3 study, moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients were randomized to ixekizumab delivery via PFS or autoinjector device. Randomization was stratified by weight (<80 kg, 80–100 kg, >100 kg), injection assistance (yes/no) and injection site (arm, thigh or abdomen). Following a 160‐mg initial dose at week 0, patients received subcutaneous 80‐mg ixekizumab as a single injection every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected following the initial 160‐mg dose on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 for PK analysis. Primary PK parameters were maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0‐tlast) where tlast is the time of last sample (14 days ± 24 h). Efficacy was assessed by percent improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at week 12. Adverse event reporting, vital signs and clinical laboratory data were used to evaluate safety. Results Of 204 randomized patients, 192 were included in the PK analysis (PFS: 94; autoinjector: 98). The PFS and autoinjector showed similar geometric mean Cmax (90% CI) [15.0 μg/mL (13.9–16.1) vs. 14.8 μg/mL (13.8–15.9)] and geometric mean AUC0‐tlast (90% CI) [157 μg × day/mL (147–168) vs. 154 μg × day/mL (144–165)]. When comparing Cmax and AUC0‐tlast of the autoinjector to PFS, the geometric LS mean ratios were 0.97. At week 12, mean percent PASI improvement (via modified baseline observation carried forward) was similar with the PFS (89.3%) and autoinjector (86.9%). Both devices had safety results that were consistent with the known safety profile of ixekizumab. Conclusion The PK, efficacy and safety of ixekizumab administered subcutaneously by PFS and autoinjector were similar. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01777191 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01777191
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Affiliation(s)
- K Callis Duffin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Bagel
- Psoriasis Treatment Center of Central New Jersey, Windsor, NJ, USA
| | - M Bukhalo
- Altman Dermatology Associates, Arlington Heights, IL, USA
| | | | - S L Choi
- Lilly-NUS Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - F Zhao
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Gill
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B Pangallo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C Shuler
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Mallbris
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Jackson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
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Chai JY, Yang SK, Kim JW, Choi SL, Song GY, Jung BK, Kim MJ, Cho J, Kim DG, Sohn WM, Jeoung HG, Cho S, Park JB, Hong S, Htoon TT, Tin HH. High Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53:771-5. [PMID: 26797448 PMCID: PMC4725233 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in suburban areas of Myanmar, 761 primary schoolchildren in 3 different townships around Yangon City were subjected to a survey using cello-tape anal swabs. The subjected schoolchildren were 383 boys and 378 girls who were 5-7 years of age. Only 1 anal swab was obtained from each child. The overall egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 47.2% (359 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable (48.6% in boys and 45.8% in girls). However, the positive rate was the highest in South Dagon (54.6%) followed by Hlaing Thayar (43.8%) and North Dagon (34.8%). This difference was highly correlated with the living standards of the people in each township. Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rDNA from the eggs on the cello-tape (2 children) revealed 99.7% identity with that of E. vermicularis reported in GenBank. The results indicated that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren around Yangon, Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Koo Yang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soo-Lyoen Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Gyu-Young Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jaeeun Cho
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Deok-Gyu Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hoo-Gn Jeoung
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Seon Cho
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Jong-Bok Park
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Sooji Hong
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
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Choi SL, Loghin C, Garhyan P, Knadler MP, Lam E, Sinha V, Porksen N, Linnebjerg H. A single-dose pharmacokinetic study of basal insulin peglispro (BIL) in subjects with hepatic impairment. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morrow L, Hompesch M, Jacober S, Choi SL, Qu Y, Sinha V. LY2605541 (LY) exhibits a Flatter Glucodynamic profile than insulin Glargine (GL) at steady state in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sinha VP, Howey DC, Choi SL, Mace KF, Heise T. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of the novel, long-acting basal insulin LY2605541 dosed once-daily in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:344-50. [PMID: 24118909 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and glucodynamics (GD) of LY2605541 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This parallel-group, open-label, dose-escalation study examined the PK and GD of basal insulin LY2605541 after single and multiple-dose administration. Fixed doses of LY2605541 (0.33-1.00 U/kg) were given once-daily (QD) for 14 days to insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. A 24-h euglycaemic glucose clamp was conducted on days 1 and 14. RESULTS PK steady state was achieved within 7-10 days and the peak-to-trough fluctuation was <2, translating to a nearly 'peakless' glucose infusion rate at steady state and with a duration of action of at least 24 h. Across dose levels t1/2 ranged from 44.7 to 75.5 h (~2-3 days). As steady state was achieved, there were dose-dependent reductions in the prandial insulin dose and in fasting blood glucose, which decreased to 60-100 mg/dl across dose levels. Within-patient variability was <14 and <26% for the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of the 8-point blood glucose profile and fasting blood glucose, respectively. The nocturnal glucose control between 03:00 and 09:00 hours was relatively unchanged. Mild hypoglycaemia was the most common adverse event. CONCLUSIONS In this Phase I study of fixed LY2605541 doses without titration, LY2605541 was well-tolerated and demonstrated a flat PK and GD profile accompanied by glucose normalization, prandial insulin dose reduction and no severe hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Sinha
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kang I, Chang E, Yang SJ, Quan ZJ, Park MY, Choi MJ, Kim JI, Wi HR, Choi SL, Lee M. Effects of Mungbean extract and Mungbean tesa extract on adipogenesis and obesity‐related inflammation in vitro 3T3L1 cells and in vivo KK‐Ay mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.818.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhae Kang
- Research Institute of Obesity SciencesSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - E Chang
- Research Institute of Obesity SciencesSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - SJ Yang
- Chonnam National UniversityJeollanamdoKorea, Republic of
| | - ZJ Quan
- Research Institute of Obesity SciencesSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - MY Park
- Research Institute of Obesity SciencesSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - MJ Choi
- Department of Food and NutritoinSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - JI Kim
- Department of Food and NutritoinSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - HR Wi
- Department of Food and NutritoinSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - SL Choi
- Department of Food and NutritoinSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
| | - M Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity SciencesDepartment of Food and NutritoinSungshin UniversitySeoulKorea, Republic of
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Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase, is activated by conditions leading to an increase of the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. However, how AMPK is regulated under the oxidative stress is completely unknown. In the present study, we examined effects of the oxidative agent H(2)O(2) on AMPK. AMPK was transiently and concentration-dependently activated by H(2)O(2) in NIH-3T3 cells. This activation was tightly associated with an increased AMP:ATP ratio, an electrophoretic mobility shift of AMPK alpha1 catalytic subunit, and an increased phosphorylation level of AMPK alpha1 threonine 172, which is a major in vitro phosphorylation site by the upstream AMPK kinase. All of these events were significantly blocked by the pretreatment of 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger, indicating that AMPK cascades are highly sensitive to the oxidative stress. Interestingly, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, further stimulated the H(2)O(2)-induced AMPK activity by 70% without altering the AMP:ATP. Taken together, our results suggest that AMP:ATP ratio is the major parameter to which AMPK responds under the oxidative stress, but AMPK may be regulated in part by a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway, which is independent of the cellular adenosine nucleotides level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, East-West Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Kim J, Yoon MY, Choi SL, Kang I, Kim SS, Kim YS, Choi YK, Ha J. Effects of stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase on insulin-like growth factor 1- and epidermal growth factor-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19102-10. [PMID: 11262401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011579200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is tightly regulated by the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Previously, AMPK was reported to phosphorylate serine 621 of Raf-1 in vitro. In the present study, we investigated a possible role of AMPK in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) cascades, using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a cell-permeable activator of AMPK and antisense RNA experiments. Activation of AMPK by AICAR in NIH-3T3 cells resulted in drastic inhibitions of Ras, Raf-1, and Erk activation induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Expression of an antisense RNA for the AMPK catalytic subunit decreased the AMPK activity and significantly diminished the AICAR effect on IGF-1-induced Ras activation and the subsequent Erk activation, indicating that its effect is indeed mediated by AMPK. Phosphorylation of Raf-1 serine 621, however, was not involved in AMPK-mediated inhibition of Erk cascades. In contrast to IGF-1, AICAR did not block epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Raf-1 and Erk activation, but our results demonstrated that multiple Raf-1 upstream pathways induced by EGF were differentially affected by AICAR: inhibition of Ras activation and simultaneous induction of Ras-independent Raf activation. The activities of IGF-1 and EGF receptor were not affected by AICAR. Taken together, our results suggest that AMPK differentially regulate Erk cascades by inhibiting Ras activation or stimulating the Ras-independent pathway in response to the varying energy status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Chun YK, Kim J, Kwon S, Choi SH, Hong F, Moon K, Kim JM, Choi SL, Kim BS, Ha J, Kim SS. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase stimulates muscle differentiation by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:502-7. [PMID: 11027504 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is required for muscle differentiation. However, it is not known whether the signals from these two kinases interact during this process. In this work, we have investigated this using H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. The p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor SB203580 blocked muscle differentiation and suppressed the expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with this, expression of a wild-type p38 MAPK (Ha-p38) or a constitutively active MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6(glu)) promoted the rate of differentiation into multinucleated myotubes. LY294002, a PI3-kinase inhibitor, suppressed in a dose-dependent manner not only muscle differentiation but also activation of p38 MAPK. In addition, expression of a constitutively active form of PI3-kinase (p110*) enhanced myotube formation and p38 MAPK activation, while expression of a dominant negative form of PI3-kinase (Deltap85) attenuated these responses. Furthermore, SB203580 suppressed differentiation of H9c2 cells expressing p110*. Interestingly, LY294002 also suppressed differentiation of H9c2 cells expressing Ha-p38 or MKK6(glu). However, SB203580 did not affect PI3-kinase activity, suggesting that PI3-kinase myogenic signaling to p38 MAPK is unidirectional. Taken together, we concluded that PI3-kinase activates p38 MAPK, which in turn stimulates muscle differentiation, but that p38 MAPK does not substitute for PI3-kinase in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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13
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Kang I, Kim JI, Chang SG, Lee SJ, Choi SL, Ha J, Kim SS. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated plasma protein present in human urine inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth. FEBS Lett 1999; 462:89-93. [PMID: 10580098 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated plasma protein (MAp19) is an alternatively spliced form of MBL-associated serine protease-2, a component of a complement activation cascade. We observed that MAp19 is excreted in human urine. Interestingly, the amount of MAp19 was higher in urine of renal cell carcinoma patients than healthy people. Pretreatment of urine dialysate with 50 mM EDTA increased the recovery of MAp19, suggesting that MAp19 is a calcium-binding protein. The recombinant MAp19 showed a strong inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, we conclude that MAp19 plays a role in the inhibition of calcium oxalate renal stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, # 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang I, Choi SL, Kim SS, Kim SJ, Ha J, Oh SM, Kim SS. The regulatory mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by insulin in 3T3 L1 fibroblasts: phosphorylation-independent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Exp Mol Med 1998; 30:263-9. [PMID: 9894159 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1998.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase plays an important role in transducing the signals of various growth factor receptors. However, the regulatory mechanism of PI3-kinase activity by these growth factor receptors is not completely understood. Therefore, we attempted to clarify the regulatory mechanism of PI3-kinase using insulin and 3T3 L1 fibroblasts. Our results showed that insulin stimulated PI3-kinase activity seven-fold and concomitantly phosphorylated a p85 subunit at the tyrosine residue. However, this tyrosine phosphorylation was not significant in the activation of PI3-kinase as the PI3-kinase pulled down by the overexpressed GST-p85 fusion protein showed as high an activity as the immunoprecipitated one. The p110 subunit was phosphorylated at both serine and tyrosine residues without insulin treatment. Since the phosphorylation state was not changed by insulin. The results suggested that phosphorylation of the p110 subunit does not control PI3-kinase activity. Finally, it was shown that the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) binding to PI3-kinase was not sufficient for full activation because the amount of IRS-1 pulled down by the GST-p85 fusion protein reached almost maximum, after incubation with insulin-treated cell lysates for 20 min, whereas PI3-kinase activity reached its maximum only after incubation for 5 h. All results suggest that the phosphorylation of p85 subunit at tyrosine residues and phosphorylation of p110 subunit at tyrosine or serine residues are not functionally significant in the regulation of PI3-kinase activity. They also suggest that P13-kinase is needed to bind to other protein(s) as well as the insulin receptor substrate-1 for full activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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