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Sumanarathna N, Duodu B, Rowlinson S. Social capital, exploratory learning and exploitative learning in project-based firms: the mediating effect of collaborative environment. TLO 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tlo-03-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to provide suggestions for project-based firms (PBFs) to create value through the development of social capital, collaborative environment and organisational learning (exploratory & exploitative learning). In this regard, a conceptual model is proposed that examines the interrelations between social capital, collaborative environment and exploratory & exploitative learning in the context of PBFs.
Design/methodology/approach
A semi-systematic literature review focussed on interrelations between social capital, exploratory & exploitative learning and collaborative environment was undertaken. Top ranked journals and highly relevant journal articles in the management domain were considered for the review. To analyse literature, the content analysis technique incorporating NVIVO 12 software was adopted.
Findings
Conceptual model suggests that social capital positively affects exploratory & exploitative learning through collaborative environment in PBFs. Three dimensions of social capital (network ties, trust and shared goals) create collaborative environment and collaborative environment enhances organisational learning in PBFs across different levels. Ultimately, social capital, collaborative environment and exploratory & exploitative learning contribute to value creation in PBFs.
Originality/value
Although the relationship between social capital and exploratory & exploitative learning has been researched previously, findings remain inconsistent. This study provides an alternative perspective to discuss this relationship with the proposed mediating construct: collaborative environment. Considering the context of PBFs, a conceptual model was developed to explain the interrelations between social capital, collaborative environment and learning. This study especially discusses collaborative environment as a value creation factor.
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Duryan M, Smyth H, Roberts A, Rowlinson S, Sherratt F. Knowledge transfer for occupational health and safety: Cultivating health and safety learning culture in construction firms. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 139:105496. [PMID: 32199157 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the last decades the incidence of workspace injuries and fatalities in the UK construction industry has declined markedly following the developments in occupational health and safety (OHS) management systems. However, safety statistics have reached a plateau and actions for further improvement of OHS management systems are called for. OHS is a form of organizational expertise that has both tacit and explicit dimensions and is situated in the ongoing practices. There is a need for institutionalization and for the transfer of knowledge across and along construction supply chains to reduce OHS risks and facilitate cultural change. The focus of this article is the factors that facilitate OHS knowledge transfer in and between organizations involved in construction projects. An interpretative methodology is used in this research to embrace tacit aspects of knowledge transfer and application. Thematic analysis is supported by a cognitive mapping technique that allows understanding of interrelationships among the concepts expressed by the respondents. This paper demonstrates inconsistency in OHS practices in construction organizations and highlights the importance of cultivating a positive safety culture to encourage transfer of lessons learnt from good practices, incidents, near misses and failures between projects, from projects to programmes and across supply chains. Governmental health and safety regulations, norms and guidelines do not include all possible safety issues specific to different working environments and tied to work contexts. The OHS system should encourage employees to report near misses, incidents and failures in a 'no-blame' context and to take appropriate actions. This research provides foundation for construction project practitioners to adopt more socially oriented approaches towards promoting learning-rich organizational contexts to overcome variation in the OHS and move beyond the current plateau reached in safety statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Duryan
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hedley Smyth
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aeli Roberts
- The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Rowlinson
- Real Estate and Construction, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fred Sherratt
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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Shen Y, Ju C, Koh TY, Rowlinson S, Bridge AJ. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Safety Climate and Individual Safety Behavior on Construction Sites. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14010045. [PMID: 28067775 PMCID: PMC5295296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unsafe acts contribute dominantly to construction accidents, and increasing safety behavior is essential to reduce accidents. Previous research conceptualized safety behavior as an interaction between proximal individual differences (safety knowledge and safety motivation) and distal contextual factors (leadership and safety climate). However, relatively little empirical research has examined this conceptualization in the construction sector. Given the cultural background of the sample, this study makes a slight modification to the conceptualization and views transformational leadership as an antecedent of safety climate. Accordingly, this study establishes a multiple mediator model showing the mechanisms through which transformational leadership translates into safety behavior. The multiple mediator model is estimated by the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, using individual questionnaire responses from a random sample of construction personnel based in Hong Kong. As hypothesized, transformational leadership has a significant impact on safety climate which is mediated by safety-specific leader–member exchange (LMX), and safety climate in turn impacts safety behavior through safety knowledge. The results suggest that future safety climate interventions should be more effective if supervisors exhibit transformational leadership, encourage construction personnel to voice safety concerns without fear of retaliation, and repeatedly remind them about safety on the job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Shen
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- College of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Chuanjing Ju
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Tas Yong Koh
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Steve Rowlinson
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Adrian J Bridge
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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Jia YA, Rowlinson S, Ciccarelli M. Climatic and psychosocial risks of heat illness incidents on construction site. Appl Ergon 2016; 53 Pt A:25-35. [PMID: 26674401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study presented in this paper aims to identify prominent risks leading to heat illness in summer among construction workers that can be prioritised for developing effective interventions. Samples are 216 construction workers' cases at the individual level and 26 construction projects cases at the organisation level. A grounded theory is generated to define the climatic heat and psychosocial risks and the relationships between risks, timing and effectiveness of interventions. The theoretical framework is then used to guide content analysis of 36 individual onsite heat illness cases to identify prominent risks. The results suggest that heat stress risks on construction site are socially constructed and can be effectively managed through elimination at supply chain level, effective engineering control, proactive control of the risks through individual interventions and reactive control through mindful recognition and response to early symptoms. The role of management infrastructure as a base for effective interventions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Andrea Jia
- School of Built Environment, Faculty of Humanity, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Steve Rowlinson
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marina Ciccarelli
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Chen K, Lu W, Peng Y, Rowlinson S, Huang GQ. Bridging BIM and building: From a literature review to an integrated conceptual framework. International Journal of Project Management 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shen Y, Tuuli MM, Xia B, Koh TY, Rowlinson S. Toward a model for forming psychological safety climate in construction project management. International Journal of Project Management 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rowlinson S, Yunyanjia A, Li B, Chuanjingju C. Management of climatic heat stress risk in construction: a review of practices, methodologies, and future research. Accid Anal Prev 2014; 66:187-98. [PMID: 24079394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climatic heat stress leads to accidents on construction sites brought about by a range of human factors emanating from heat induced illness, and fatigue leading to impaired capability, physical and mental. It is an occupational characteristic of construction work in many climates and the authors take the approach of re-engineering the whole safety management system rather than focusing on incremental improvement, which is current management practice in the construction industry. From a scientific viewpoint, climatic heat stress is determined by six key factors: (1) air temperature, (2) humidity, (3) radiant heat, and (4) wind speed indicating the environment, (5) metabolic heat generated by physical activities, and (6) "clothing effect" that moderates the heat exchange between the body and the environment. By making use of existing heat stress indices and heat stress management processes, heat stress risk on construction sites can be managed in three ways: (1) control of environmental heat stress exposure through use of an action-triggering threshold system, (2) control of continuous work time (CWT, referred by maximum allowable exposure duration) with mandatory work-rest regimens, and (3) enabling self-paced working through empowerment of employees. Existing heat stress practices and methodologies are critically reviewed and the authors propose a three-level methodology for an action-triggering, localized, simplified threshold system to facilitate effective decisions by frontline supervisors. The authors point out the need for "regional based" heat stress management practices that reflect unique climatic conditions, working practices and acclimatization propensity by local workers indifferent geographic regions. The authors set out the case for regional, rather than international, standards that account for this uniqueness and which are derived from site-based rather than laboratory-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Rowlinson
- Key laboratory of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Andrea Yunyanjia
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key laboratory of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Carrie Chuanjingju
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Rowlinson S, Jia YA. Application of the predicted heat strain model in development of localized, threshold-based heat stress management guidelines for the construction industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58:326-39. [PMID: 24371045 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Existing heat stress risk management guidelines recommended by international standards are not practical for the construction industry which needs site supervision staff to make instant managerial decisions to mitigate heat risks. The ability of the predicted heat strain (PHS) model [ISO 7933 (2004). Ergonomics of the thermal environment analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain. Geneva: International Standard Organisation] to predict maximum allowable exposure time (D lim) has now enabled development of localized, action-triggering and threshold-based guidelines for implementation by lay frontline staff on construction sites. This article presents a protocol for development of two heat stress management tools by applying the PHS model to its full potential. One of the tools is developed to facilitate managerial decisions on an optimized work-rest regimen for paced work. The other tool is developed to enable workers' self-regulation during self-paced work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Rowlinson
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region under Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Koh TY, Rowlinson S. Relational approach in managing construction project safety: a social capital perspective. Accid Anal Prev 2012; 48:134-144. [PMID: 22664677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Existing initiatives in the management of construction project safety are largely based on normative compliance and error prevention, a risk management approach. Although advantageous, these approaches are not wholly successful in further lowering accident rates. A major limitation lies with the approaches' lack of emphasis on the social and team processes inherent in construction project settings. We advance the enquiry by invoking the concept of social capital and project organisational processes, and their impacts on project safety performance. Because social capital is a primordial concept and affects project participants' interactions, its impact on project safety performance is hypothesised to be indirect, i.e. the impact of social capital on safety performance is mediated by organisational processes in adaptation and cooperation. A questionnaire survey was conducted within Hong Kong construction industry to test the hypotheses. 376 usable responses were received and used for analyses. The results reveal that, while the structural dimension is not significant, the mediational thesis is generally supported with the cognitive and relational dimensions affecting project participants' adaptation and cooperation, and the latter two processes affect safety performance. However, the cognitive dimension also directly affects safety performance. The implications of these results for project safety management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tas Yong Koh
- Room 501, Department of Real Estate and Construction, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Morgan Tuuli M, Rowlinson S, Fellows R, Liu AM. Empowering the project team: impact of leadership style and team context. Team Performance Management 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/13527591211241006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Choudhry RM, Fang D, Rowlinson S. Challenging and Enforcing Safety Management in Developing Countries: A Strategy. International Journal of Construction Management 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2008.10773110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Rowlinson
- Professor, Dept. of Real Estate and Construction, 5/F. Knowles Bldg., The Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Researcher, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- School of Information Systems, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Business, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Fiona Y. Cheung
- Professor, Dept. of Real Estate and Construction, 5/F. Knowles Bldg., The Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Researcher, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- School of Information Systems, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Business, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Roland Simons
- Professor, Dept. of Real Estate and Construction, 5/F. Knowles Bldg., The Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Researcher, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- School of Information Systems, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Business, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Alannah Rafferty
- Professor, Dept. of Real Estate and Construction, 5/F. Knowles Bldg., The Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Researcher, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- School of Information Systems, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Faculty of Business, Queensland Univ. of Technology, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Sanders S, Rowlinson S, Koutroumanidis M, Ferrie CD, Panayiotopoulos CP. Midline spikes in children and clinical correlations. Epilepsia 2002; 43:1436-9; discussion 1439-40. [PMID: 12423398 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.33601_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Panayiotopoulos CP, Ferrie CD, Koutroumanidis M, Rowlinson S, Sanders S. Idiopathic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences and absence status in a child. Epileptic Disord 2001; 3:63-6. [PMID: 11431167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A syndrome of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences of undetermined onset has been recently described. This syndrome clinically becomes apparent in adulthood with generalised tonic clonic seizures and frequently absence status epilepticus. We report an 11 year-old normal girl with frequent episodes of absence status and no other overt clinical manifestations. However, appropriate video-EEG recordings documented that she had frequent absence seizures that were so mild as to escape recognition by her and the parents. These consisted of mild impairment of cognition and eyelid fluttering during brief generalised discharges of spike/multiple spike and slow waves. No further seizures occurred and the EEG normalised after appropriate drug treatment. Thus, it appears that this syndrome of phantom absences and absence status may start much earlier, in late childhood. Appropriate video-EEG documentation is needed for the recognition of these patients that may be more common than it appears from the few published cases (with Video).
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Panayiotopoulos
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsies, St. Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Lanzo CA, Sutin J, Rowlinson S, Talley J, Marnett LJ. Fluorescence quenching analysis of the association and dissociation of a diarylheterocycle to cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2: dynamic basis of cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity. Biochemistry 2000; 39:6228-34. [PMID: 10821698 DOI: 10.1021/bi992761o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the precursor to the biologically active prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane and are the molecular targets for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors are antiinflammatory and analgesic but lack gastrointestinal toxicity, an undesirable side effect attributed to COX-1 inhibition. Crystallographic analysis of selective COX inhibitors complexed with either isoform provides some information about the molecular determinants of selectivity but does not provide information about the dynamics of inhibitor association/dissociation. We employed rapid-mixing techniques and fluorescence quenching to monitor the association and dissociation of a selective COX-2 inhibitor to COX-1 or COX-2. The association of the fluorescent diaryloxazole, SC299, with both enzymes occurs in a time-dependent fashion. Its binding to COX-2 occurs in three kinetically distinct steps whereas its binding to COX-1 occurs in two steps. In contrast to the relatively rapid association of SC299 with both enzymes, its dissociation from COX-2 is quite slow and occurs over several hours whereas the dissociation from COX-1 is complete in less than 1 min. The selectivity of SC299 as a COX-2 inhibitor correlates to its relative rates of dissociation from the two COX isoforms. A model is proposed for diarylheterocycle binding to COX's that integrates these kinetic data with available structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lanzo
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Panayiotopoulos CP, Chroni E, Daskalopoulos C, Baker A, Rowlinson S, Walsh P. Typical absence seizures in adults: clinical, EEG, video-EEG findings and diagnostic/syndromic considerations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55:1002-8. [PMID: 1469393 PMCID: PMC1015282 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.11.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen women and five men had typical absences. These included 10% of a consecutive hospital series of 200 adult patients with epileptic disorders. The absences began between the ages of seven and 46 years and varied in type and severity. Twenty patients also had generalised tonic-clonic seizures, ranging in frequency from one in a lifetime to one per month. Myoclonic jerks of the limbs occurred in 11 patients but were not associated with the absence attacks. Eyelid myoclonus consistently occurred with absence attacks in four patients and perioral myoclonus in two patients. Absence status occurred in five patients. Absence seizures were frequently unrecognised or misdiagnosed as complex partial seizures. Satisfactory control was achieved with sodium valproate. Electroencephalography, particularly video-electroencephalography, was invaluable in the diagnosis, but focal abnormalities in seven patients might have been erroneously interpreted as indicating partial seizures. This series showed that clinical and EEG manifestations are often syndrome-related and that there are more epileptic syndromes with typical absences than those presently recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Panayiotopoulos
- Department of Clinical, Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England
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