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Publisher Correction: Long‑term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6282. [PMID: 38491029 PMCID: PMC10942967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of HDAC6 inhibitors targeting L1 loop and serine 531 residue. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116057. [PMID: 38142511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones, leading to the silencing of genes. Targeting specific isoforms of HDACs has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy, as it can overcome drawbacks associated with pan-HDAC inhibitors. HDAC6 is a unique HDAC isoform that deacetylates non-histone proteins and is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It also has two catalytic domains and a zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (Zf-UBD) unlike other HDACs. HDAC6 plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell motility, protein degradation, cell proliferation, and transcription. Hence, the deregulation of HDAC6 is associated with various malignancies. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a series of HDAC6 inhibitors. We evaluated the synthesized compounds by HDAC enzyme assay and identified that compound 8g exhibited an IC50 value of 21 nM and 40-fold selective activity towards HDAC6. We also assessed the effect of compound 8g on various cell lines and determined its ability to increase protein acetylation levels by Western blotting. Furthermore, the increased acetylation of α-tubulin resulted in microtubule polymerization and changes in cell morphology. Our molecular docking study supported these findings by demonstrating that compound 8g binds well to the catalytic pocket via L1 loop of HDAC6 enzyme. Altogether, compound 8g represents a preferential HDAC6 inhibitor that could serve as a lead for the development of more potent and specific inhibitors.
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Evidence of a Hardening in the Cosmic Ray Proton Spectrum at around 166 TeV Observed by the GRAPES-3 Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:051002. [PMID: 38364164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 50 TeV to 1.3 PeV using 7.81×10^{6} extensive air shower events recorded by the ground-based GRAPES-3 experiment between 1 January 2014 and 26 October 2015 with a live time of 460 day. Our measurements provide an overlap with direct observations by satellite and balloon-based experiments. The electromagnetic and muon components in the shower were measured by a dense array of plastic scintillator detectors and a tracking muon telescope, respectively. The relative composition of the proton primary from the air shower data containing all primary particles was extracted using the multiplicity distribution of muons which is a sensitive observable for mass composition. The observed proton spectrum suggests a spectral hardening at ∼166 TeV and disfavors a single power law description of the spectrum up to the Knee energy (∼3 PeV).
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Recycling air conditioner-generated condensate water for microalgal biomass production and carbon dioxide sequestration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119917. [PMID: 38183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Air conditioners alleviate the discomfort of human beings from heat waves that are consequences of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities. With each passing year, the effects of global warming worsen, increasing the growth of air conditioning industry. Air conditioning units produce substantial amounts of non-nutritive and (generally) neglected condensate water and greenhouse gases. Considering this, the study explored the potential of using air conditioner condensate water (ACW) to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana, producing biomass, and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). The maximum biomass production was obtained in the BG11 medium (1.45 g L-1), followed by ACW-50 (1.3 g L-1). Similarly, the highest chlorophyll-a content was observed in the BG11 medium (11 μg mL-1), followed by ACW-50 (9.11 μg mL-1). The ACW-50 cultures proved to be better adapted to physiological stress (Fv/Fm > 0.5) and can be suitable for achieving maximum biomass with adequate lipid, protein, and carbohydrate production. Moreover, C. sorokiniana demonstrated higher lipid and carbohydrate yields in the ACW-50 medium, while biomass production and protein yields were comparable to the BG11 medium. The lipid, protein, and carbohydrate productivity were 23.43, 32.9, and 23.19 mg L-1 d-1, respectively for ACW-50. Estimation of carbon capture potential through this approach equals to 9.5% of the total emissions which is an added advantage The results indicated that ACW could be effectively utilized for microalgae cultivation, reducing the reliance on freshwater for large-scale microalgal biomass production and reduce the carbon footprints of the air conditioning industry.
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Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38172121 PMCID: PMC10764914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block design. By altering the formation of aggregates and the distribution of carbon within them, tillage techniques can affect the dynamics of organic carbon in soil and soil microbial activity. The stability of large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2.0-2.25 mm), and micro-aggregates in the topsoil were improved by 35.18%, 33.52%, and 25.10%, respectively, over conventional tillage (0-20 cm) using tillage strategies for conservation methods (no-till in conjunction with straw return and organic fertilizers). The subsoil (20-40 cm) displayed the same pattern. In contrast to conventional tilling with no straw returns, macro-aggregates of all sizes and micro-aggregates increased by 24.52%, 28.48%, and 18.12%, respectively, when conservation tillage with organic and chemical fertilizers was used. The straw return (aggregate-associated C) also resulted in a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon. When zero tillage was paired with straw return, chemical, and organic fertilizers, the topsoil's overall aggregate-associated C across all aggregate proportions increased. Conversely, conventional tillage, in contrast to conservation tillage, included straw return as well as chemical and organic fertilizers and had high aggregate-associated C in the subsurface. This study finds that tillage techniques could change the dynamics of microbial biomass in soils and organic soil carbon by altering the aggregate and distribution of C therein.
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Surgical anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils: A cadaveric study. Clin Anat 2024; 37:25-32. [PMID: 37248820 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the normal anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils is a prerequisite in various surgeries of the posterior cranial fossa Clinical conditions, as the Chiari I malformations (CIM) alter the normal position of the cerebellar tonsils. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we aim to better elucidate the surgical anatomy of and around the cerebellar tonsils in regard to the CIM. METHODS Fifty formalin-fixed adult cadavers injected with colored latex through vertebral arteries underwent craniotomy and durotomy to expose the cerebellar tonsils and related structures. The tonsils and their surrounding anatomy were then studied. RESULTS Forty cerebellar tonsils were at or above the foramen magnum. Five specimens presented with CIM with the tonsils below (3-5 mm) the FM with a mean tonsillar decent of 7.9 ± 2.3 mm. Of the cadavers without CIM, in forty-two cases, the thickness of the dura mater was within ±3SD ranges. In three cases, the dura mater was thinner at the CVJ and one case; the dura adhered tightly to the inner aspect of the occipital squama. In five CIM cadavers, the dura mater was markedly thicker at the CVJ. The PICA caudal loop was 5.9 ± 1.6 mm long. In CIM cases, the PICA loop was longer, nearer the dura, 1 mm below the superior border of the C1 posterior arch. The distances from the PICA loop were markedly reduced by 3 mm from the spinal accessory nerve and 2 mm from the first spinal nerve. The DN was significantly closer to the tonsillar peduncle in CIM cases. CONCLUSION These data are important for better understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic anatomy of the cerebellar tonsils in patients with and without CIM. Importantly, tonsillectomy/tonsillar coagulation must consider the close relationship of the dentate nucleus to the base of the cerebellar tonsil to avoid iatrogenic injury.
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Paraneoplastic Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis as an Initial Presentation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:148-149. [PMID: 38283028 PMCID: PMC10810398 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_83_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
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Analysis of distribution and localization of proteins of the reelin signalling pathway in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38060511 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2292957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granule cell dispersion (GCD) is pathognomonic of hippocampal sclerosis seen in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Current animal studies indicate deficiency of Reelin is associated with abnormal granule cell migration leading to GCD. The present study aimed to evaluate complete Reelin signalling pathway to assess whether Reelin deficiency is related to MTLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hippocampal sclerosis was confirmed by H and E stain. To explore the amount and cellular location of the Reelin cascade molecules, the hippocampal tissues from MTLE surgery and controls (n = 15 each) were studied using Immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Additionally, confocal imaging was used to validate the IHC findings by co-localization of different proteins. Quantification of IHC images was performed using histo-score and confocal images by Image J software. RESULTS Immune expression of active Reelin was significantly reduced in patients. Reelin receptors were deranged, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 was increased while very low-density lipoprotein receptor was reduced. Disabled-1, a downstream molecule was significantly reduced in MTLE. Its ultimate target, cofilin was thus disinhibited and expressed more in MTLE. Reelin cleaving protease, matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-9 inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix protease-1, showed reduced expression in extracellular matrix. Semi-quantification of immunohistochemistry was done using Histo (H) score. H score of Reelin in diseased patients was 15 against 125 for control patients. These results were validated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Reelin signalling cascade was deranged in chronic MTLE. Pharmacological manipulation of Reelin cascade can be done at various levels and it may provide novel treatment options for MTLE.
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The Call for Neuroendoscopy Cadaveric Workshops in Lower-Middle Income Countries. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e537-e549. [PMID: 37778622 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the impact of the workshops organized during Neuroendocon 23 on the perspective and confidence of neurosurgeons toward endoscopy in a lower-middle income country. METHODS Neuroendocon 23 had cranial and spinal endoscopy cadaveric workshops with 30 delegates each. A pre and postworkshop survey was disseminated among the delegates, and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 26) using P < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 24 delegates (40%) consented to participate in the study, with only 1 female respondent (4.17%). After the cranial endoscopy workshop, there was an increase in the level of confidence of delegates in cranial endoscopic approaches (P < 0.001). Similarly, after the spine endoscopy workshop, the respondents had increased confidence in managing spine conditions with the endoscopic approach (P = 0.040), to the extent that they preferred the endoscopic over the microsurgical technique (P < 0.001). All respondents (n = 24, 100%) believed that endoscopy should be promoted in lower-middle income countries and integrated into residency curricula. CONCLUSIONS Cranial and spinal endoscopy cadaveric workshops could be the first step in stimulating the interest of neurosurgeons in endoscopy.
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The ultrastructural features of the infundibulum of the green iguana, Iguana iguana. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21644. [PMID: 37856278 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe, in detail, the ultrastructure of the infundibulum of the sexually mature and active female green iguana, Iguana iguana. The infundibulum of five iguanas was remarkably distinct from the uterus, and was also clearly demarcated into cranial (expanded v-shaped) and caudal (tubular) divisions. Tissue samples obtained from five portions (three from the cranial division and two from the caudal division) of the infundibulum were processed conventionally for light and electron microscopy. The epithelial lining of the most anterior, middle, and posterior, parts of the cranial division displayed nonciliated cells predominantly, and occasionally ciliated cells. The numerous secretory granules in nonciliated type 1 cell found in the fimbrial aspect of the infundibulum were homogenous and deeply electron-dense, but those in the other two regions were variants of this cell type because they contained variably electron-dense secretory granules. Two main types of nonciliated cells (type 2 and its variant, type 3, as well as type 4) occurred in the epithelial lining of the caudal division of the infundibulum, but they, clearly, showed no dense secretory granules. Whereas the nonciliated type 2 cell and its variant (type 3 cell) contained large glycogen deposits, the type 4 cell lacked these deposits but its apical part contained large lipid-like droplets and, remarkably, blebbed into the duct lumen. The nonciliated cells lining the mucosal tubular glands contained highly electron-dense secretory granules, which were similar to those found in the nonciliated type 1 cell in the epithelial lining of the fimbrial part of the cranial division of the infundibulum.
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Exploring antiviral potency of N-1 substituted pyrimidines against HIV-1 and other DNA/RNA viruses: Design, synthesis, characterization, ADMET analysis, docking, molecular dynamics and biological activity. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107910. [PMID: 37422940 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrimidine derivatives, bearing modified benzimidazoles at N-1 position, has been designed, synthesized and screened as NNRTIs against HIV and as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The molecules were screened against different HIV targets using molecular docking experiment. The docking results indicated that the molecules interacted well with the residues Lys101, Tyr181, Tyr188, Trp229, Phe227 and Tyr318 present in NNIBP of HIV-RT protein, formed quite stable complexes and, thus, behaved as probable NNRTIs. Among these compounds, 2b and 4b showed anti-HIV activity with IC50 values as 6.65 µg/mL (SI = 15.50) and 15.82 µg/mL (SI = 14.26), respectively. Similarly, compound 1a showed inhibitory property against coxsackie virus B4 and compound 3b against different viruses. Molecular dynamics simulation results unequivocally demonstrated the higher stability of the complex HIV-RT:2b than the HIV-RT:nevirapine complex. The MM/PBSA-based binding free energy (-) 114.92 kJ/mol of HIV-RT:2b complex in comparison to that of HIV-RT:nevirapine complex (-) 88.33 kJ/mol, further demonstrated the higher binding strength of 2b and thus, established the potential of compound 2b as a lead molecule as an HIV-RT inhibitor.
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Exploring new histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors and their effects on reversing the α-tubulin deacetylation and cell morphology changes caused by methamphetamine. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:795-807. [PMID: 37777709 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Indazole-based HDAC6 inhibitors with novel zinc-binding modifications were synthesized and evaluated to determine their potential to inhibit HDAC6. The analogs were subjected to a histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme assay, which led to identification of compounds 3a and 3b. Both compounds demonstrated higher potency and selectivity as HDAC6 inhibitors with IC50 values of 9.1 nM and 9.0 nM, respectively, and highlighted the importance of the hydroxamic acid moiety for binding to Zn2+ inside the catalytic pocket of HDAC enzymes. In the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, both compounds efficiently acetylated α-tubulin but not histone H3 at a low concentration of 0.5 µM. Moreover, compounds 3a and 3b effectively reversed the deacetylation of α-tubulin caused by methamphetamine in the SH-SY5Y cell line, suggesting the potential usefulness of HDAC6 selective inhibition in restoring blood brain barrier integrity by reversing methamphetamine-induced deacetylation.
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Improved pearl millet genomes representing the global heterotic pool offer a framework for molecular breeding applications. Commun Biol 2023; 6:902. [PMID: 37667032 PMCID: PMC10477261 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.
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Dysregulated Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Formation and Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysm. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01178-w. [PMID: 37644376 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) has the potential to rupture. Despite scientific advances, we are still not in a position to screen patients for IA and identify those at risk of rupture. It is critical to comprehend the molecular basis of disease to facilitate the development of novel diagnostic strategies. We used transcriptomics to identify the dysregulated genes and understand their role in the disease biology. In particular, RNA-Seq was performed in tissue samples of controls, unruptured IA, and ruptured IA. Dysregulated genes (DGs) were identified and analyzed to understand the functional aspects of molecules. Subsequently, candidate genes were validated at both transcript and protein level. There were 314 DGs in patients with unruptured IA when compared to control samples. Out of these, SPARC and OSM were validated as candidate molecules in unruptured IA. PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was found to be an important pathway for the formation of IA. Similarly, 301 DGs were identified in the samples of ruptured IA when compared with unruptured IAs. CTSL was found to be a key candidate molecule which along with Hippo signaling pathway may be involved in the rupture of IA. We conclude that activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by OSM along with up-regulation of SPARC is important for the formation of IA. Further, regulation of Hippo pathway through PI3K-AKT signaling results in the down-regulation of YAP1 gene. This along with up-regulation of CTSL leads to further weakening of aneurysm wall and its subsequent rupture.
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Adapting to transradial approach in cerebral angiography: Factors influencing successful cannulation. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:163-168. [PMID: 35749090 PMCID: PMC10034707 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate factors that influence the successful cannulation of intracranial vessels using a transradial approach. METHODS A total of 61 transradial diagnostic angiograms were evaluated in a tertiary care center from July 2020 to December 2021. We evaluated the learning curve and aortic arch vessel factors that may influence the cannulation of intracranial major vessels using a transradial approach. RESULTS Learning curve for the procedure was established after 21 cases. We were successful in cannulating the supra-aortic arteries except in 4 cases where we were unable to cannulate the left VA (vertebral artery). Significant positive correlation was seen between time to Sim (Simmons curve) formation and aortic arch diameter (p = .002). Significant positive correlation was also seen between left VA take-off angle and time to cannulate left VA (p = .001) and negative correlation was noted between left CCA (common carotid artery) take-off angle and time to cannulate left CCA (p = .001). CONCLUSION Transradial approach is a feasible and safe approach for performing cerebral angiography. Multiple factors can influence the procedure time and successful cannulation of intracranial vessels. With the availability of radial specific hardware in the future, procedural success and time taken to complete the procedure may improve.
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Decompressive Hemi Craniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: Adding Years of Quality Life or Mere Existence? Neurol India 2023; 71:272-277. [PMID: 37148051 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.375437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background In spite of advancements in treatment options for MCA infarct, there is a definite role of decompressive hemicraniectomy. When compared with best medical management, it decreases mortality and improves functional outcome. But does surgery improve quality of life in terms of independence, cognition or it merely leads to increased survival? Objective Outcome of 43 consecutive patients of MMCAI who underwent DHC was studied. Materials and Methods Functional outcome was evaluated based on mRS and GOS in addition to survival advantage. The patient's proficiency in performing ADL was evaluated. MMSE and MOCA were performed to evaluate the neuropsychological outcome. Results In-hospital mortality was 18.6%, and by 3 months, 67.5% of patients survived. During follow-up, nearly 60% of patients showed improvement in functional outcome when evaluated based on mRS and GOS. No patient could reach to the level of independent existence. Only eight patients could perform MMSE and five had good score (>24). All were young and had a right-sided lesion. None of the patients could perform well in MOCA. Conclusion DHC improves survival and functional outcome. Cognition remains poor in the majority of the patients. These patients, though survive the stroke, remain dependent on care givers.
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Asymmetry in cerebral perfusion from circle of Willis arterial variations in normal population. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:31-37. [PMID: 35509231 PMCID: PMC9893155 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221098366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiographic and cadaveric studies have evidenced variations in the circle of Willis (CoW). Age-related changes in cerebral hemodynamics may be attributable to vascular variations. OBJECTIVES The objective is to assess interdependence of completeness of CoW with age using non-invasive MRA and cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling (ASL). METHODS This single-center, prospective study segregated 189 subjects into three groups: ≤5, 5 to 18, and >18 years. Angiographic (complete CoW and vascular asymmetry index) using TOF and contrast-enhanced- (CE-) MRA, and perfusion (perfusion asymmetry index) data using ASL were obtained. RESULTS One hundred and six (56.08%) subjects showed complete CoW on TOF and 100 (52.91%) on CE-MRA. Anterior and posterior collateral pathways were more prevalent in the younger population. Completeness of CoW decreased with increasing age, group 1 (54/60, 90% TOF; 51/60, 85% CE), group 2 (39/64, 60% TOF; 37/64, 56.92% CE), and group 3 (13/65, 20.31% TOF; 12/65, 18.75% CE); p-value < .0001. A statistically significant decrease in cerebral and cerebellar perfusion with increasing age was seen. Cerebellar to frontal perfusion change was higher in group 1. Fetal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) led to ipsilateral low and contralateral hyperperfusion flow asymmetries between occipital lobes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a complete CoW is commoner in pediatrics than adults and with increasing age, the completeness of CoW decreases paralleled by decrease in cerebral and cerebellar perfusion. There is age-related shift of perfusion from hindbrain to forebrain and the regression of PCoA occurs with increasing age leading to alterations in cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics.
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Reelin Signaling Pathway and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Causative Link. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:57-72. [PMID: 37346868 PMCID: PMC10279991 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2554.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most frequent form of partial epilepsy. Granule cell dispersion, resulting from aberrant neuronal migration in the hippocampus, is pathognomonic of MTLE. Reelin, a secreted neurodevelopmental glycoprotein has a crucial role in controlling the radial migration of neurons. Several animal studies have implicated Reelin in the MTLE pathogenesis Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most frequent form of partial epilepsy. Granule cell dispersion, resulting from aberrant neuronal migration in the hippocampus, is pathognomonic of MTLE. Reelin, a secreted neurodevelopmental glycoprotein has a crucial role in controlling the radial migration of neurons. Several animal studies have implicated Reelin in the MTLE pathogenesis. Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the Reelin signalling pathway in the MTLE patients. Therefore, we studied each step in the Reelin signalling pathway for the gene and protein expressions, in the hippocampal tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for MTLE and compared it with age matched normal autopsy cases. Results We found statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in the Reelin mRNA expression in MTLE patients. Among the two reelin receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) was significantly increased whereas very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) was decreased among the patients. Disabled 1 (Dab1), the downstream target of reelin, was found to be decreased. Dab1 in turn inhibits Cofilin, which is responsible for cytoskeletal reorganization, thus limiting aberrant neuronal migration. Statistically significant over expression of Cofilin protein was found in the patient group. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1), both of which are involved in processing of Reelin, were down regulated in 70-85% of cases. Conclusion The whole pathway was found to be deranged in MTLE. These results indicate that Reelin signalling pathway is disturbed at various points in the MTLE patients and might be involved in the pathogenesis & progression of MTLE. Our results extend the existing information regarding the components of the Reelin pathway and further, establish a link between pathway disturbance and MTLE.
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Ruptured cerebral aneurysm in isolated type A interrupted aortic arch managed by transradial endovascular route: A case report with literature review. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:772-776. [PMID: 35488388 PMCID: PMC9626839 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221096821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a very rare congenital anomaly carrying high neonatal mortality rate if left untreated. Rarer still, is its presentation in teenage or adulthood. This condition has been found to be complicated with cerebral aneurysms, which is a consequence of hemodynamic stress and hypertension secondary to arch interruption. Cerebral aneurysms can further complicate the clinical course and lead to poor clinical outcomes, especially if ruptured. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 17-year-old female presented with ruptured basilar top aneurysm and was considered for endovascular coiling. Transfemoral access was chosen but the catheter could not be negotiated beyond proximal thoracic aorta. A computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of thorax and abdomen was performed, which showed isolated interruption of aortic arch. Subsequently, transradial route was used for coiling of the aneurysm. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, the index case is one of the only seven cases of IAA with cerebral aneurysm that have been reported till date in medical literature. It also holds the unique distinction of being the first case of IAA with cerebral aneurysm treated by endovascular approach. Our case highlights the importance of transradial access in such pathological conditions.
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A Case of Familial Lichen Nitidus with Atypical Morphology. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:769-772. [PMID: 36998897 PMCID: PMC10043716 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_578_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
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21
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Cumulative human health risk analysis of trihalomethanes exposure in drinking water systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115949. [PMID: 35985263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated compounds on reaction with natural organic substances present in water leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), a major type of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most widely investigated DBPs in drinking water systems because of their carcinogenic potential and subsequent adverse effects on human health. This study investigated the effect of gastro-intestinal absorption factor on human health risk assessment. Monitoring and analysis of water quality parameters and THMs levels in drinking water treatment plants revealed that the average values (306.5 μg/L) exceeded the recommended US EPA guidelines of 80 μg/L. Spearman rank (rho) correlation coefficient indicated that dissolved organic carbon is the major parameter influencing THMs formation. Monte Carlo simulations base risk assessment study was conducted for three different exposure pathways. The observed human health risk exposure effects due to THMs were below the recommended USEPA level (1.0 × 10-6) for both the drinking water treatment plants. Seasonal disparity on risk estimation analysis revealed higher risk in summer season followed by autumn which is principally due to high concentration of THMs in summers.
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ODP368 Hyper-phosphorylation of β-catenin at Serine552: predictive marker of invasion and recurrence of Non-Functioning Pituitary Tumours (NFPTs). J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9625783 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NFPTs are the most common operated pituitary tumours and can present with visual field defects, hormone deficiencies and headache. Surgery is treatment of choice but recurrence rate is high ranging from 10-50%, depending on the extent of tumour removal. No confirmed predictive biomarkers for NFPT recurrence have been identified, apart from Ki-67. We applied high-throughput mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approach to explore the phosphorylation pattern of proteins in NFPTs in order to identify predictive markers of invasion and recurrence. Methods Based on radiological, histopathological, and surgical features, NFPTs were sub-grouped into three groups: non-invasive (n=5), invasive (n=10) and recurrent (n=5) subtypes. Invasiveness was determined by radiology (Knosp classification 3&4), histopathological invasion (bone, dura and mucosa) and intraoperative findings. Tumour recurrence was based on radiological data for a mean±SD follow-up of112±39 months. Fresh-frozen pituitary tumour tissues were used for protein extraction and phosphopeptides were enriched using TiO 2 and labelled with tandem mass tags and subjected tomass spectrometry (Orbitrap)for quantification. Candidate hyper-phosphorylated proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry in 200 additional tumour samples by immunoblotting (n=36). Results In total, we identified 3185 phosphopeptides and observed significant difference in phosphorylation levels of invasive and recurrent groups. Compared to non-invasive cases, in invasive group we found, 452 hyper and 93 hypo phosphorylated proteins, while in the recurrent group there were 790 hyper and 307 hypo phosphorylated proteins. Phospho-serine showed the highest level of difference (90.3%) among the groups, followed by threonine (8.9%) and tyrosine (0.8%). One of the top differentially phosphorylated proteins was Ser552 of β-catenin showing significant hyper-phosphorylation in recurrent (p<0. 001) and invasive (p<0. 001) NFPTs. We also observed hyper-phosphorylation in tumours with suprasellar (p<0. 05) and cavernous sinus extension (p<0. 01). There was no correlation with tumour diameter and volume. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed to find the optimal cut-off value of β-catenin pSer552 immunohistochemical H-score in patients who had recurrence (n=44) or non-recurrence (n=156)and observed an area under curve of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80),indicating a good prognostic ability for theβ-catenin pSer552H-score. A cut-off value of 160 for theβ-catenin pSer552H-score gives a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 73% for tumour recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis shows strong statistical correlation in the recurrence free survival (p<0. 0001) and the nuclear positive staining of β-catenin pSer552 with a hazard ratio of 3.1 (95% CI 1.5-6.3). Conclusions our study has identified hyper-phosphorylation of β-catenin at the Ser552 in recurrent and invasive NFPT subgroups. The H-score of β-catenin p552 correlates with tumour recurrence free survival in a large cohort of NFPT patients, which supports that β-catenin pSer552 could be used as predictive biomarker for NFPT recurrence. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Firm Nodular Plaque Over the Foot. Indian Dermatol Online J 2022; 14:134-135. [PMID: 36776172 PMCID: PMC9910550 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_131_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Understanding the anomaly of cis-trans isomerism in Pro-His sequence. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128985. [PMID: 36165914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The anomalous absence of cisPro stabilizing CαHαXaa···πAro interactions at Xaa-Pro-Aro exclusively when Aro is His, is understood by NMR structural analyses of model peptides, as due to i → i backbone-side chain C6 H-bond that forms uniquely when Aro is His, which significantly decreases its χ1-g- population essential for CαHαXaa···πAro formation.
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Phosphorylation of β-catenin at Serine552 correlates with invasion and recurrence of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:138. [PMID: 36114575 PMCID: PMC9482208 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary tumours (NF-PitNETs) are common intracranial benign neoplasms that can exhibit aggressive behaviour by invading neighbouring structures and, in some cases, have multiple recurrences. Despite resulting in severe co-morbidities, no predictive biomarkers of recurrence have been identified for NF-PitNETs. In this study we have used high-throughput mass spectrometry-based analysis to examine the phosphorylation pattern of different subsets of NF-PitNETs. Based on histopathological, radiological, surgical and clinical features, we have grouped NF-PitNETs into non-invasive, invasive, and recurrent disease groups. Tumour recurrence was determined based on regular clinical and radiological data of patients for a mean follow-up of 10 years (SD ± 5.4 years). Phosphoproteomic analyses identified a unique phosphopeptide enrichment pattern which correlates with disease recurrence. Candidate phosphorylated proteins were validated in a large cohort of NF-PitNET patients by western blot and immunohistochemistry. We identified a cluster of 22 phosphopeptides upregulated in recurrent NF-PitNETs compared to non-invasive and invasive subgroups. We reveal significant phosphorylation of the β-catenin at Ser552 in recurrent and invasive NF-PitNETs, compared to non-invasive/non-recurrent NF-PitNET subgroup. Moreover, β-catenin pSer552 correlates with the recurrence free survival among 200 patients with NF-PitNET. Together, our results suggest that the phosphorylation status of β-catenin at Ser552 could act as potential biomarker of tumour recurrence in NF-PitNETs.
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Evaluation of Progesterone Receptor Antagonist and Maxi-K Channel Agonist as Neuroprotective in Feeney's Weight Drop Model of TBI. Neurol India 2022; 70:1601-1609. [PMID: 36076665 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an unmet medical need. Objective We evaluated two agents, aglepristone (progesterone receptor antagonist) and N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) (activator of Maxi-K channel in GH3 cells), for neuroprotection in Feeney's weight drop model of TBI. Material and Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8 per group). A battery of six neurobehavioral tests was evaluated at the end of the first week (EO1W), second week (EO2W), and third week (EO3W). In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (BAX, Bcl-2, and M30 Cytodeath) tests were performed at EO3W. Results Aglepristone at 10 mg/kg showed significant neuroprotection compared to control as assessed by Rota-rod test at EO1W, VEFP right paw and 28-point neurobehavioral test at EO2W, MWM test at EO3W, and positive histopathological and IHC findings. Aglepristone at 20 mg/kg showed negative results as assessed by BAX expression, downregulation of Bcl-2, and positive M30 Cytodeath, thereby suggesting toxicity at higher doses. STP 100 mg/kg showed modest neuroprotective activity but failed to show a dose-response relationship at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion The study shows that progesterone receptor antagonists have neuroprotection at lower doses and toxicity at higher doses.
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Meta-analyses of the quantitative computed tomography data in dialysis patients show differential impacts of renal failure on the trabecular and cortical bones. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1521-1533. [PMID: 35249146 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dialysis patients have compromised bone health that increases their fracture risk due to low bone mass and deterioration in bone microarchitecture. Through meta-analyses of published studies, we conclude that dialysis patients suffer from impaired compartmental bone parameters compared with healthy controls. INTRODUCTION We performed meta-analyses to determine the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under dialysis on the trabecular and cortical parameters of radius and tibia. METHODS This is a meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective clinical studies. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using various permutation combinations. Dialysis patients were compared with non-CKD healthy controls using quantitative computed tomography. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and pQCT data of dialysis patients were dissected from eligible studies for pooled analysis of each parameter. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria that included data from 457 dialysis patients and 2134 controls. Pooled analysis showed a significant decrease (a) in total vBMD at distal radius [standard deviation of the mean (SDM) = -0.842, p = 0.000] and tibia (SMD = -0.705, p = 0.000) and (b) in cortical vBMD (SDM = -1.037, p = 0.000) at radius of dialysis patients compared with control. There were strong correlations between total vBMD and microarchitecture parameters at tibia in dialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS At radius and tibia, bone mass, microarchitecture, and geometry at trabecular and cortical envelopes displayed impairments in dialysis patients compared with control. Tibial vBMD may have diagnostic value in dialysis. HR-pQCT and pQCT may be used to further understand the compartmental bones response to CKD-induced loss at different stages of CKD.
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Surgical Outcome Analysis of Large and Giant Petroclival Meningiomas with Special Reference to Quality of Life Issues. Neurol India 2022; 70:897-904. [PMID: 35864616 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.349614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management strategies for petroclival menigiomas remain controversial. OBJECTIVES We share our experience in management of large and giant true petroclival meniongiomas with special emphasis on patient reported quality of life parameters. METHODS This is a single center study of 47 patients between 2008 and 2018. All patients were checked for tumor specific parameters, clinical parameters, extent of surgical excision, and outcome, as assessed by Karnofsky performance score (KPS), Glasgow outcome score, clinical status, and by SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS 32/47 patients' data were assessed. Symptoms included headache (62.5%), involvement of 5th nerve (47%), facial nerve (40.6%), lower cranial nerves (37.5%), cerebellar signs (84%), and long tract signs in (50%) of patients. The mean preoperative KPS was 83.75+/-6.59. Surgical approaches included retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy (50%), Kawase's approach (31.25%), and others in 18.25% patients. 40.625% (n = 13) had a gross total excision, near total resection (NTR) was achieved in 53.125% (n = 17), and 6.25% (n = 2) had a subtotal excision (STE). In 13 patients who had gross total resection (GTR), there were 12 (70.5%) new neurological deficits, while among the 19 patients with NTR, only 5 (29.5%) new neurological deficits were seen. No new onset neurological deficit was seen in patients with STE of tumor. Patient assessed QoL parameters were worse in patients with GTR and best in patients with NTR/STE + GKRS. CONCLUSION In patients of large/giant petroclival meningiomas, NTE/STE with adjuvant GKRS provided better preservation of quality of life.
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Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of 398 cancer patients toward participation in clinical trials: A single-center study from New Delhi, India. Perspect Clin Res 2022; 13:43-47. [PMID: 35198428 PMCID: PMC8815669 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_177_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Clinical trials are considered to be the gold standard research methodology for evaluating the efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using standardized self-administered questionnaires prepared by the research team and statistician. The questionnaires were offered to cancer patients presented at a tertiary care center. Results: We surveyed 398 cancer patients, 193 (48.5%) males and 205 (51.5%) females with a mean (±standard deviation) 55.39 (±13.59) of age in years. Out of total, only 59 (14.82%) had the prior knowledge of the clinical trial. Forty-three (10.80%) participants were willing to participate in clinical trials. Conclusion: Cancer patients had preconceived notions and myths that linger in our society that clinical trial participation will harm them. The researchers/oncologists need to explore the rationale, objectives, and benefits of taking part in clinical trials and make it easy to understand by cancer patients.
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Extra-Arachnoidal Dissection and Limited Meatal Drilling for Excision of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas: Improved Facial Nerve Preservation. Neurol India 2022; 70:115-121. [PMID: 35263863 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.338661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical excision of giant (>4 cm size) vestibular schwannomas (VS) with preservation of facial nerve (FN) function remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE Our surgical technique using an extra-arachnoid plane of dissection and limited meatal drilling is described with the goal of improving FN preservation. METHODS Surgical results with respect to FN preservation were analyzed for two groups of giant VS patients: Group A-operated between 2002 and 2009 using "standard" surgical technique, group B-operated between 2009 and 2016 using extra-arachnoidal dissection and limited meatal drilling. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. RESULTS: GROUP A Of the 115 patients, total excision was possible in 103 (89.5%), near-total in 7 (6%), and subtotal in 5 (4.3%) patients. At a >6-month follow-up, 68 (59.1%) patients had good FN function (House-Brackmann [H&B] grades 1-2), while 21 (18.3%) patients had poor function (H&B grade 3-5). Grade 6 involvement was seen in 26 (22.6%). Five patients had lower cranial nerve impairment necessitating tracheostomy. GROUP B Of the 98 patients, total excision was achieved in 70 (71.4%) patients, near-total in 9 (9.2%), and subtotal in 19 (19.4%). Four patients had repeat surgery; 14 underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery. At >6-month follow-up, 78 (79.5%) patients had good FN function (H&B grades 1-2), while 20 (20.4%) had poor function (H&B grade 3-5). CONCLUSIONS With our 'modified' surgical technique of extra-arachnoidal dissection of VS throughout surgery and limited meatal drilling, an improved rate of functional FN preservation was observed.
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Erythematous, Non-Tender Plaques on the Shins: A Case of Idiopathic Eosinophilic Panniculitis. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:480. [PMID: 36578744 PMCID: PMC9792035 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1040_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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van der Waals interactions to control amide cis– trans isomerism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discover the presence of local van der Waals (vdW) interactions at the cis amide bond in crystals of isobutyroyl–Pro–Val–OMe.
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Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of Central Nervous System - A Rare but Aggressive Tumor: Analysis of Five Cases. Neurol India 2022; 70:285-288. [PMID: 35263897 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.338726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. Herein, we present the clinicopathological features of five CNS extraskeletal MCS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over the past 10 years, five cases of CNS MCS have been retrieved from in the archives of histopathology department. All biopsies were stained with vimentin, S-100, CD99, desmin, GFAP, INI1, WT1, STAT6, and EMA. RESULTS There were four males and one female patient in the age group of 1.5-35 years. The clinical and radiological impression was meningioma in three cases, glomus jugulare and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in one case each. All showed classic biphasic morphology, areas of undifferentiated small blue round cells sharply demarcated from the island of cartilage. Three patients experienced multiple recurrences and died subsequently. CONCLUSION Extraskeletal MCS of CNS is rare and favors children and young adults. They show aggressive behavior and tend to recur despite surgery and radiotherapy.
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Innovator Filgrastim versus Generic Filgrastim in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Mobilization. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 10:172-174. [PMID: 34938680 PMCID: PMC8687862 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods
This is a retrospective study. G-CSF was administered in the dose of 10 μg/kg subcutaneous as a single dose for 4 days. On day 5, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) apheresis was performed using Haemonetics MCS plus or COBE Spectra apheresis machine through a double-lumen central venous catheter. Primary outcome parameters were the total number of CD34+ HSCs/kg of recipient weight mobilized in peripheral blood and the number of days required for neutrophil and platelets engraftment, respectively.
Objective
We compared the effectiveness and safety of innovator filgrastim versus generic filgrastim in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Results
A total of 91 stem cell mobilizations was analyzed. There were 58 normal healthy donors for allogeneic HSCT and 33 patients for autologous HSCT. There was no statistically significant difference among groups in terms of total collected CD34+ cells value (
p
= 0.609). The mean time to neutrophil engraftment was 13.7 days in the innovator group and 13.2 days in the Grafeel group (
p
= 0.518). The mean time to platelet engraftment was 16.2 days in the innovator group and 14.8 days in the generic group (
p
= 0.435). The patient who received generic filgrastim had more febrile episodes during the course of transplantation (
p
= 0.020).
Conclusion
Generic filgrastim was found to be comparable to original filgrastim for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in normal healthy donors for allogeneic HSCT and patients for autologous HSCT.
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The therapeutic role of methotrexate in chronic urticaria: A systematic review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 88:313-321. [PMID: 34623059 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1145_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic urticaria, in many cases, has an unsatisfactory response to antihistamines. The current recommendations in urticaria do not mention the dose and duration for methotrexate. AIMS This study aims to systematically review the use/efficacy of methotrexate in chronic urticaria. METHODS A systematic search in four databases, that is, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane central, Google Scholar and Clinicaltrials.gov was done to identify studies on the use of methotrexate in chronic urticaria using key words "methotrexate [MeSH terms]" and "urticaria" or "urticaria, chronic" or "urticaria, chronic spontaneous." RESULTS Nine articles (study participants 127), including three randomized control trials, one prospective interventional trial without control, three retrospective reviews and two case reports, were identified and finally included in the systematic review. There was a paucity of literature and the three randomized control trials did not show any benefit of methotrexate over antihistamines alone. However, in studies where steroid-dependent cases were given methotrexate, marked benefit was reported with steroid-sparing effect, particularly on methotrexate dose escalation. LIMITATIONS Due to a paucity of published literature on methotrexate in urticaria, a meta-analysis could not be done. CONCLUSION In chronic recalcitrant or steroid-dependent cases, methotrexate may be a therapeutic agent of interest; however, current evidence does not point to any added advantage in efficacy over antihistamines. More evidence based on larger, well-executed randomized control trials is needed in the future to get more definitive answers.
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Role of postoperative intact serum PTH as an early predictor of severe post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1961-1970. [PMID: 33502721 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a major sequel of thyroidectomy and continues to trouble the endocrinologists and the endocrine surgeons as there is no ideal predictive marker of hypocalcemia which has the potential to develop into a life-threatening complication. The role of early serum intact parathormone (iPTH) to predict post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is becoming useful but the literature is still unclear regarding the optimal time of testing and the optimal cut-off value of serum iPTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 111 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a tertiary care endocrine surgery referral unit. Serum iPTH was measured after 20 min and 4 h of surgery. Receiver-Operator characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to find out of the best cut-off value of S. iPTH 20 min and 4 h after surgery in predicting hypocalcemia. RESULTS Hypocalcemia was noted in 60 (54%) out of 111 subjects who underwent total thyroidectomy. The best cut-off values of Serum iPTH to predict hypocalcemia was found to be 4.28 pmol/l at 20 min post total thyroidectomy with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.7% and 51%, respectively. In addition, patients with malignancy or central lymph nodal dissection were significantly over-represented in the hypocalcemia group with serum iPTH above the threshold level of 4.28 pmol/l. Below the cut off level, parenteral calcium supplementation was required in 23% (17/74) subjects while the rate was only 5.4% (2/37) patients when serum iPTH was above the cut-off level. CONCLUSIONS The decline of serum iPTH below a specific level after surgery has predictive value together with other factors strictly related to patient, the thyroid disease itself and surgery. The risk of development of hypocalcemia and consequent need for calcium supplementation should be evaluated by clinical assessment along with serum PTH measurement.
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Effects of ethylenediurea (EDU) on apoplast and chloroplast proteome in two wheat varieties under high ambient ozone: an approach to investigate EDU's mode of action. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1009-1028. [PMID: 33641010 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) is a serious threat to plants and animals in the present climate change scenario. High tropospheric O3 has the capability to disrupt cellular organelles leading to impaired photosynthesis and significant yield reduction. Apoplast and chloroplast are two important cellular components in a plant system. Their proteomic response with ethylenediurea (EDU) treatment under tropospheric O3 has not been explored till date. EDU (an organic compound) protects plants exclusively against harmful O3 effects through activation of antioxidant defense mechanism. The present study investigated the mode of action of EDU (hereafter MAE) by identifying proteins involved in apoplast and chloroplast pathways. Two wheat varieties viz. Kundan and PBW 343 (hereafter K and P respectively) and three EDU treatments (0= control, 200, and 300 ppm) have been used for the study. In apoplast isolates, proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), amino methyltransferase, catalase, and Germin-like protein have shown active role by maintaining antioxidant defense system under EDU treatment. Differential expression of these proteins leads to enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms inside and outside the cell. Chloroplast proteins such as Rubisco, Ferredoxin NADP- reductase (FNR), fructose,1-6 bis phosphatase (FBPase), ATP synthase, vacuolar proton ATPase, and chaperonin have regulated their abundance to minimize ozone stress under EDU treatment. After analyzing apoplast and chloroplast protein abundance, we have drawn a schematic representation of the MAE working mechanism. The present study showed that plants can be capable of O3 tolerance, which could be improved by optimizing the apoplast ROS pool under EDU treatment.
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An unusual Case of Faun Tail Nevus with Aplasia Cutis, Dermo-fascial Sinus Defect, Diastematomyelia, and Spinal cord Syrinx. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:322-324. [PMID: 34446960 PMCID: PMC8375535 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_816_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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SELSI Consensus Statement for Safe Cholecystectomy—Prevention and Management of Bile Duct Injury—Part B. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Outcome Following Surgical Revascularization in Patients of Moyamoya Disease with Focus on Graft Patency and Angiographic Changes. Neurol India 2021; 69:620-627. [PMID: 34169855 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.319228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgical revascularization is the mainstay of treatment in symptomatic patients of moyamoya disease (MMD). Objective The present study analyzed the postoperative angio-architecture in pediatric and adult patients of moyamoya disease. Material and Methods Patients with MMD, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, were subjected to surgery. A superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis was attempted in all. It was augmented by an encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis), this was labelled as the combined surgical group. In patients where a direct bypass was not possible encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis (EDAMS) was performed and these patients were put in the indirect surgery group. In the postoperative period, MRA was performed in all patients to look for (a) graft patency, (b) regression of moyamoya vessels, and (c) degree of surgical neovascularization (as quantified on adapted Matsushima and Inaba grading system). Results Eighty-two patients underwent 131 surgical revascularization procedures. A combined surgery (STA-MCA bypass and EDAMS) was performed in 100 hemispheres and indirect surgery (EDAMS) on 31 sides. In children less than 5 years of age, STA-MCA anastomosis was possible in more than 50% of patients. Clinical improvement was seen in 85.4% of patients. Postoperative MRA demonstrated a patent bypass graft in 97% of cases. Regression of moyamoya vessels was seen in half of the cases and good surgical revascularization (type A and B) was seen in more than 80% of hemispheres in the combined surgery and indirect surgery group. Conclusions Revascularization procedures led to a regression of moyamoya collaterals, appearance of surgical neo angiogenesis, and a graft patency rate of 97%. Surgical group with combined revascularization had a trend towards better collateral development.
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Frontotemporal Branch of the Facial Nerve and Fascial Layers in the Temporal Region: A Cadaveric Study to Define a Safe Dissection Plane. Neurol India 2021; 68:1313-1320. [PMID: 33342860 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.304113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Anatomy of the temporal region is complex with controversy over the relationship of fascial planes with the upper division of the facial nerve. Objective This study aimed to identify the safe surgical landmarks to preserve the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve during surgery and define the safest approach for surgical procedures in this region. Material and Methods The anatomical relationship of the frontal branch of the facial nerve, superficial temporal artery (STA), fascial planes, and fat pads was determined after dissection on 10 cadaveric heads, that is (20 sides) Dissection was performed layer by layer from skin to bone. Results The temporoparietal fascia was made up of multiple (3-4) layers above the zygomatic arch and these layers were integrated with thin fibrous septa. The frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve (FTFN) was observed in a deeper part of temporoparietal fascia and superficial fat pad. The frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve (FTFN) crossed the zygomatic arch as two branches in 25%, as three branches in 65% and as four branches in 10% of specimens. Conclusions Interfascial dissection between two layers of deep temporal fascia through the intermediate fat pad is superior to other approaches because of the lack of facial nerve branches in this plane. The Intermediate fat could be easily separated from deep layer of deep temporal fascia.
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Genetic Gains in Pearl Millet in India: Insights Into Historic Breeding Strategies and Future Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645038. [PMID: 33859663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.64503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br.) is an important staple and nutritious food crop in the semiarid and arid ecologies of South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In view of climate change, depleting water resources, and widespread malnutrition, there is a need to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in pearl millet productivity. This review discusses past strategies and future approaches to accelerate genetic gains to meet future demand. Pearl millet breeding in India has historically evolved very comprehensively from open-pollinated varieties development to hybrid breeding. Availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterility system with adequate restorers and strategic use of genetic resources from India and SSA laid the strong foundation of hybrid breeding. Genetic and cytoplasmic diversification of hybrid parental lines, periodic replacement of hybrids, and breeding disease-resistant and stress-tolerant cultivars have been areas of very high priority. As a result, an annual yield increase of 4% has been realized in the last three decades. There is considerable scope to further accelerate the efforts on hybrid breeding for drought-prone areas in SA and SSA. Heterotic grouping of hybrid parental lines is essential to sustain long-term genetic gains. Time is now ripe for mainstreaming of the nutritional traits improvement in pearl millet breeding programs. New opportunities are emerging to improve the efficiency and precision of breeding. Development and application of high-throughput genomic tools, speed breeding, and precision phenotyping protocols need to be intensified to exploit a huge wealth of native genetic variation available in pearl millet to accelerate the genetic gains.
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Clinical utility of procalcitonin in bacterial infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2020; 10:339-344. [PMID: 33489442 PMCID: PMC7811896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT). OBJECTIVE To assess role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) as a useful biomarker for the infections and outcomes in these patients. METHODS Retrospective observational study. RESULTS Total 47 patients with febrile episodes were enrolled. Twenty patients underwent autologous BMT and 27 underwent allogeneic BMT. Bacterial infections were documented in 18/47 (38%) patients. Forty patients were neutropenic. The median fever duration was 10 days (range 3-30 days) in positive procalcitonin level group whereas it was 4 days (range 1-18) in negative group. This was statistically significant (P=0.000). Procalcitonin levels were high in 8/9 episodes of sepsis (P=0.029). Intensive care unit transfers and death were significantly higher in PCT positive group as compared to PCT negative group. CONCLUSION Serum procalcitonin levels provide prognostic information of worse outcome in patients undergoing HSCT.
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Endonasal endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in pituitary tumors among the young: A comparative study & meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 200:106411. [PMID: 33338824 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transsphenoidal approach presents unique challenges in young, with scanty literature. This study compares the outcome of pituitary tumors among young in our center between endoscopic(EES) and microscopic(MTS) transsphenoidal surgery, with a meta-analysis. METHODS Patients within 20 years were studied for their surgical approach to a favorable outcome of endocrine remission (ER) (functioning) or Gross/Near-Total resection (nonfunctioning), besides the need for retreatment. Relevant studies were pooled and analyzed according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Out of 64 young patients with pituitary tumors, 48 underwent transsphenoidal surgery using MTS(33) or EES(15). Of these, 21, 14, 5, and 8 had Cushing's, somatotropinomas, prolactinomas, and non-secreting tumors, respectively. Mean symptom duration was 28months, with weight gain(50 %) and visual complaints(29 %) most prevalent. Hypogonadism(21 %) was the most frequent endocrinopathy. The mean tumor volume was 3.8 cm3. Over mean follow-up of 4.4years, favorable outcome was significantly higher after EES than MTS(78.6 % vs. 46.7 %)(odds ratio 4.18, p = 0.05). EES's better outcome was homogeneous across subgroups of age and tumor type, with no significant subgroup difference. Symptom duration was significantly higher among those who required retreatment(p = 0.05), while ER had a non-significant association with tumor volume(p = 0.07). Overall, 40 %, 27 %, 17 %, and 8% were on hydrocortisone, thyroxine, sex hormone, and desmopressin, respectively, at follow-up with no significant difference between EES and MTS. In pooled analysis of literature, both favorable outcome(74 % vs. 48 %,p = 0.02) and retreatment rate(8% vs. 37 %,p = 0.004) were significantly better with EES than MTS. CONCLUSION Among young patients with pituitary tumors, the favorable outcome and retreatment rates are better with endonasal endoscopy and associated with symptom duration and tumor volume.
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Abstract
Background The world is in the midst of the COVID crisis, which has forced the neurosurgical community to change its practices. Objective To advocate the necessary adaptations in radio surgical practices to effectively manage the radio surgical patients, resource utilization, and protecting the healthcare provider during the COVID pandemic. Material and Methods In addition to the literature review, pertinent recommendations are made in respect to the gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). Results Every patient presenting to GKRS treatment should be considered as a potential asymptomatic COVID carrier. Patients should be categorized based on the priority (urgent, semi-urgent, or elective) on the basis of pathological and clinical status. The only urgent indication is a non-responding or enlarging cerebral metastasis. There is a high risk of aerosol dispersion during gamma radiation delivery in the gamma gantry. Conclusion These recommendations should be used to minimize the chances of pathogenic exposure to the patient and caregivers both.
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Differential independent impact of the intraoperative use of navigation and angled endoscopes on the surgical outcome of endonasal endoscopy for pituitary tumors: a prospective study. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:2291-2298. [PMID: 33089448 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread popularity of navigation and angled endoscopes in endonasal endoscopy, there are hardly few studies on their efficacy with the extent of resection or retreatment. This is probably the first study to assess the independent impact of these adjuncts among pituitary tumors. Patients with pituitary tumors undergoing endonasal endoscopy were prospectively studied for their demographics, clinico-radiological features, intraoperative use of navigation, and angled endoscopes, in relation to gross total resection (GTR), near total resection (NTR), endocrine remission, and retreatment. Pertinent statistical analyses were performed. Among a total of 139 patients, navigation and angled endoscopes could be used in 54 and 48 patients, respectively, depending upon their availability rather than chosen as per the case. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics in relation to their use. The surgeon's perception of immediate benefit was noted among 51.9% while using navigation. The use of angled endoscopes towards the end of resection could help with additional tumor removal in 62.5% of patients. Overall, the use of navigation resulted in a significantly higher GTR (80.8% vs. 59.7%, OR 2.83, p = 0.01), a higher GTR/NTR (86.5% vs. 70.8%, OR 2.65, p = 0.04), and a lower retreatment rate (7.7% vs. 20.8%, OR 3.15, p = 0.05) than the others. In functioning tumors with cavernous sinus invasion, navigation had significantly increased remission rates (69.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). The use of angled endoscopes yielded a significantly higher GTR/NTR (91.7% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.04) and a lower retreatment rate (0% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.05) among only non-functioning adenomas. In multivariate analyses, the use of neuronavigation had a significant association with both GTR and retreatment rates (p values 0.005 and 0.02 respectively), independent of other confounding factors. The elective intraoperative use of navigation has a significant independent impact on the extent of resection and retreatment overall. While navigation results in better remission rates among functioning tumors with cavernous sinus invasion, angled endoscopy has a significant association with surgical outcomes in non-functioning tumors.
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Alkylated benzimidazoles: Design, synthesis, docking, DFT analysis, ADMET property, molecular dynamics and activity against HIV and YFV. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107400. [PMID: 33068917 PMCID: PMC7537607 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New benzimidazole analogs synthesized as antivirals against HIV-1 and yellow fever virus. Molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated a stable ligand-protein complex of compound 3a within NNIBP of HIV-RT. DFT analysis confirmed the stability of hydrogen bonding interaction between the TRP 229 residue of HIV-RT and compound 3a. Molecules were tested for their anti-HIV and broad spectrum antiviral properties against different DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral properties and cytotoxicity determined using MTT assay. Compound 3a showed anti-HIV activity and compound 2b showed excellent inhibition property against yellow fever virus.
A series of alkylated benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anti-HIV, anti-YFV, and broad-spectrum antiviral properties. The physicochemical parameters and drug-like properties of the compounds were assessed first, and then docking studies and MD simulations on HIV-RT allosteric sites were conducted to find the possible mode of their action. DFT analysis was also performed to confirm the nature of the hydrogen bonding interaction of active compounds. The in silico studies indicated that the molecules behaved like possible NNRTIs. The nature – polar or non-polar and position of the substituent present at fifth, sixth, and N-1 positions of the benzimidazole moiety played an important role in determining the antiviral properties of the compounds. Among the various compounds, 2-(5,6-dibromo-2-chloro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (3a) showed anti-HIV activity with an appreciably low IC50 value as 0.386 × 10−5μM. Similarly, compound 2b, 3-(2-chloro-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) propan-1-ol, showed excellent inhibitory property against the yellow fever virus (YFV) with EC50 value as 0.7824 × 10−2μM.
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The diagnostic performance of 99mTc-methionine single-photon emission tomography in grading glioma preoperatively: a comparison with histopathology and Ki-67 indices. Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:848-857. [PMID: 32796472 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize glioma preoperatively using quantitative 99mTc-methionine SPECT and comparison with MR-perfusion/spectroscopy and histopatholgical/Ki-67 scoring. METHODS Twenty-nine patients (21M: 8F; mean age 42.3 ± 10.5 years) with clinical and radiological suspicion of glioma assessed by 99mTc-MDM/SPECT and ceMRI. Additionally, 12/29 patients underwent dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSCE) MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination. Three patients with benign pathologies were recruited as controls. Histopathological tumor analysis was done in all (n = 29) the patients, and the Ki-67 index was evaluated in 20/29 patients. The target-to-nontarget (T/NT) methionine tumor uptake ratios, normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) and metabolites [choline/N-acetyl aspartate (Cho/NAA), Cho/creatine (Cr), Cr/NAA and Cr/Cho) ratios were measured in tumor areas. RESULTS On histopathological analysis, 26/29 patients had glioma (G IV-13; G III-04; G II-09). The mean T/NT ratio in G-II was significantly lower (2.46 ± 2.3) than in G-III (7.13 ± 2.2) and G-IV (5.16 ± 1.2). However, the mean ratio was highest (15.9 ± 6.8) in meningioma (n=3). The T/NT cutoff ratio of 3.08 provided 100% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity for discriminating high-grade glioma (HGG) from low-grade glioma (LGG) disease. Likewise, the nCBV cutoff of 2.43 offered 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Only the Cho/NAA cutoff value of greater than 3.34 provided reasonable sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 80.0% respectively for this differentiation. T/NT ratio correlated significantly with nCBV and Cho/NAA, Cho/Cr ratios but not with Ki-67. CONCLUSION Quantitative 99mTc-MDM -SPECT provided high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate HGG versus LGG preoperatively and demonstrated a potential role for the differential diagnosis of glial versus nonglial tumors.
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Effects of ethylenediurea (EDU) on regulatory proteins in two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under high tropospheric ozone phytotoxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:675-688. [PMID: 32738705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone is a major threat to the crops in the present climate change scenario. To investigate the EDU induced changes in proteins, two varieties of maize, the SHM3031 and the PEHM5, (hereafter S and P respectively) were treated with three EDU applications (0= control, 50 and 200 ppm) (hereafter 0= A, 1 and 2 respectively) (SA, S1, S2, PA, P1, P2 cultivar X treatments). Data on the morpho-physiology, enzymatic activity, and protein expression (for the first time) were collected at the vegetative (V, 45 DAG) and flowering (F, 75 DAG) developmental stages. The tropospheric ozone was around 53 ppb enough to cause phytotoxic effects. Protective effects of EDU were recorded in morpho-physiologically and biochemically. SOD, CAT and APX together with GR performed better under EDU protection in SHM3031 variety than PEHM5. The protein expression patterns in SHM3031 at the vegetative stage (28% proteins were increased, 7% were decreased), and at the flowering stage (17% increased, 8% decreased) were found. In PEHM5, a 14% increase and an 18% decrease (vegetative stage) whereas a 16% increase and a 20% decrease (flowering stage) were recorded in protein expression. Some protein functional categories, for instance, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, and defense were influenced by EDU. Rubisco expression was increased in SHM3031 whereas differentially expressed in PEHM5. Germin like protein, APX, SOD, and harpin binding proteins have enhanced defense regulatory mechanisms under EDU treatment during prevailing high tropospheric O3. The present study showed EDU protective roles in C4 plants as proven in C3.
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IFTAK technique: An advanced Ksharsutra technique for management of fistula in ano. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 12:161-164. [PMID: 32800397 PMCID: PMC8039351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fistula in ano is mostnotorious disease among all the ano-rectal disorders since antiquity. Over the past few decades, various techniques are being evaluated in terms to prevent its recurrence and complications, but despite more than two millennia of efforts, fistula in ano still remains a perplexing surgical disease. The sign and symptoms of fistula in ano resembles with Bhagandara described in Ayurveda classics. For the management of this painful disease many treatment modalities are enumerated in Ayurveda classics and Ksharsutra therapy is one among them which is proved to be gold standard. Though Ksharsutra therapy is big revolution in the field of fistula in ano, but it has some disadvantages like it is time consuming process, severe post-procedural pain, big scar mark. So, in present era IFTAK is emerging as an advanced innovative technique for the management of fistula in ano along with betterment in the consequences of conventional method of Ksharsutra therapy. In the present case report, IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique is used in trans sphincteric fistula in ano which showed a great potential in management by minimizing the duration of treatment, mild post procedural pain and minimum scar mark.
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