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Peramuna PDPO, Neluwala NGPB, Wijesundara KK, Venkatesan S, De Silva S, Dissanayake PBR. Novel approach to the derivation of dam breach parameters in 2D hydrodynamic modeling of earthquake induced dam failures. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:171505. [PMID: 38479522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Current methods of dam breach analyses adopt a deterministic approach. Applying these methods to Concrete Faced Rockfill Dams (CFRD) is fraught with huge levels of uncertainty, especially in the context of natural hazards. The frequency and magnitude of rainfall and earthquakes are higher in today's world. In the literature, the complete collapse of dams is modelled on dam breach parameters that define the dam break outflow but are not related to the return periods of natural hazards. As more new dams are constructed to control the floods in intra-plate seismic regions, this study presents a novel approach to the derivation of generalized dam break parameters for CFRD based on the structural analysis of Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations for peak ground accelerations corresponding to 475 and 2475 year return periods. Furthermore, the occurrence of rainfall and earthquake for different return periods are modelled using 2D hydrodynamic simulations. Results show the significance of generalized dam breach parameters for planning and managing CFRDs during earthquakes. The study emphasizes the utilization of structural analysis outputs for the hydraulic modeling of dam breaks, which will result in more specific and accurate dam break parameters. Additionally, the study has shown that the flood risk and the severity will increase with the intensity of earthquake and rainfall magnitudes. Disaster mitigation strategies can be optimized by considering the integrated occurrence of rainfall and earthquakes based on the probability of occurrence, demonstrated using a case-study dam. Another significant outcome of the study is the effect of soil saturation condition during a dam break, which reveals that areas within 40 km of the dam breach location might be worst affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D P O Peramuna
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia.
| | - N G P B Neluwala
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - K K Wijesundara
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S Venkatesan
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
| | - S De Silva
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
| | - P B R Dissanayake
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Venkatesan S, Chanda K, Balamurali MM. An in silico approach to investigate the theranostic potential of coumarin-derived self-immolative luminescent probes. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301400. [PMID: 38109279 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Till date the challenge exists in the treatments of cancer for various reasons. Most importantly, the available diagnostics are expensive with research gap for enhancing the cancer detection sensitivity. Herein, a series of coumarin-derived fluorescent theranostic probes are reported that can serve as potent anticancer agents as well as in the detection of cancer cells. The potential of these probes to efficiently block one of the well-known cancer drug targets NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) is evaluated through various pharmacokinetic methods including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties evaluation, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substance) algorithm along with molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Further the luminescent properties of these molecules were evaluated by investigating their electronic properties in the ground and excited states with the help of density functional theory methods. Results indicate that the proposed molecules can potentially block the NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) binding site of NQO1, thereby inhibiting the activity of the enzyme to ultimately disrupt the metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Venkatesan
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600027
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai, Assam, India, 782435
| | - M M Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600027
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Abstract
Aptamers are chemical antibodies possessing the capability of overcoming the limitations posed by conventional antibodies, particularly for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications in cancer. The ease of chemical modifications or functionalization, including conjugations with nucleic acids, drug molecules, and nanoparticles, has made these aptamers to gain priorities in research. In this Mini-review, various reports on therapeutics with aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials for controlled or multistep drug release, targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive drug release, etc. are discussed. In the case of nucleic-acid-conjugated aptamers, DNA nanotrains and DNA beacons are discussed in terms of the possibility of multidrug loading for chemotherapy and gene therapy. Developments with electrochemical aptasensors and signal-enhanced immune aptasensors are also discussed. Further, the future scope of aptamer technology in cancer theranostics and the prevailing limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Venkatesan
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600027, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600027, India
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Pandiarajan S, Venkatesan S. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol using ionic liquid [BMIM]+[PF6]- encapsulated PVDF membrane. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Venkatesan S, Suresh S, Ramu P, Arumugam J, Thambidurai S, Pugazhenthiran N. Methylene Blue Dye Degradation Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Bioreduced using Solanum trilobatum Leaf Extract. Results in Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gnanaraj JP, Vivek J, Rajesh S, Nilavan A, Rajasekar Ramesh D, Elangovan C, Elavarasi E, Ravindran R, Nageswaran PM, Tamilselvan S, Pratap Kumar G, Venkatesan S, Manohar G, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G. Acute pulmonary embolism: in hospital outcome from a prospective observational registry (M-PER) from a low-and middle-income country. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute Pulmonary embolism the third most common cause of cardiovascular death in the world. Despite the large burden of acute pulmonary embolism, there is a paucity of prospective data from low-and middle-income countries.
Purpose
To study the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies employed, in-hospital outcome, one-year follow up results, and the prognostic factors in patients with acute pulmonary embolism from a low-and middle-income country.
Methods
All consecutive patients diagnosed with and treated for acute pulmonary embolism at our institution from November 2016 to November 2021 were included in the registry. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed using clinical features (Wells' criteria of ≥3) supported by either CT angiogram or echocardiogram. Detailed history, clinical examination, preliminary basic blood investigations, cardiac troponins along with coagulation workup, ECG and ECHO were done for all patients. Patients were classified as having massive or high risk, submassive or intermediate risk and low risk pulmonary embolism based hemodynamic status, sPESI score, echocardiogram and cardiac troponins. Treatment was at the discretion of treating physician. In general, all patients with massive pulmonary embolism were considered for thrombolysis. All patients received anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin. Outcomes included hospital lengths of stay, all-cause in-hospital mortality and one year mortality
Results
186 patients with acute pulmonary embolism were prospectively enrolled during period. 62% were male. Mean age was 42.38±13.4 years. The risk factors noticed include prior history of venous thromboembolism, active malignancy, recent surgery, trauma, immobilisation, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 18%, 5%, 10%, 8%, 14%, 17%, 10% and 3% of our patients respectively. Shortness of breath (98%), chest pain (37%), leg swelling (37%), cough (33%), shock (27%), syncope (15%) and haemoptysis (12%) were the reasons for presentation. Sinus tachycardia was the commonest finding (80%).
Right ventricular (RV) strain pattern was present in 68%, S1Q3T3 pattern in 56% and RBBB in 32%. RV dilatation was present in 93% and RV dysfunction in 75%. Thrombus was visualised in the pulmonary artery in 37% and right heart chambers in 12% (714). 26% were classified as high risk, 60% as intermediate risk and 13.4% as low risk acute pulmonary embolism. Overall 50% (92% of high-risk and 41% of intermediate risk) patients received fibrinolytic therapy.
In hospital mortality was 16% (29 patients) of which 72% were from high-risk group. In the high-risk group those who were fibrinolysed had a lower mortality compared to those not lysed. (75% vs 40%). This difference was not observed in the intermediate risk group.
Conclusion
Acute pulmonary embolism is a disease with high in-hospital mortality. Fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase has a lifesaving potential in high risk patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Vivek
- Madras Medical College , Chennai , India
| | - S Rajesh
- Madras Medical College , Chennai , India
| | - A Nilavan
- Madras Medical College , Chennai , India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G Manohar
- Madras Medical College , Chennai , India
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Sharma A, Mittal A, Barwad A, Mridha AR, Venkatesan S, Sahoo RK, Batra A. Recurrent germ cell tumour presenting as fractured neck of the femur. Journal of Clinical Urology 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415819841964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Atul Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, AIIMS, India
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Agrahari AK, Varma S, Venkatesan S. Two factor authentication protocol for IoT based healthcare monitoring system. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 2022; 14:1-18. [PMID: 35462633 PMCID: PMC9013638 DOI: 10.1007/s12652-022-03834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, technological advancement has led to the use of wearable body sensors for gathering patient information. Wireless body area networks played an essential role in the modern medical era. Through wearable body sensors, patient data are sent to medical professionals in real-time without any hindrance. This information moves through the public channel, and thus proper security and protection are needed because of its sensitiveness. Many authentication protocols proposed for solving these issues were neither secure nor cost-effective. This paper proposed an authentication protocol using certificateless cryptography for wireless body area networks to resolve the associated security concerns. A formal security analysis is done using the Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic shows that the proposed protocol is resilient against prevailing attacks. Additionally, we employ the Real-or-Random model for mathematical proof and Automated Verification Security Protocol and Analysis simulation tool for security analysis. A detailed comprehensive comparison with the existing protocols indicates that the proposed protocol is cost-effective with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar Agrahari
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211012 India
| | - Shirshu Varma
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211012 India
| | - S. Venkatesan
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211012 India
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Mukhopadhyay N, Venkatesan S. A new formulation of minimum risk fixed-width confidence interval (MRFWCI) estimation problems for a normal mean with illustrations and simulations: Applications to air quality data. Seq Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2022.2070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitis Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Swathi Venkatesan
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Venkatesan S, Suresh S, Ramu P, Kandasamy M, Arumugam J, Thambidurai S, Prabu K, Pugazhenthiran N. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Euphorbia milii leaf constituents: Characterization and improved photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under natural sunlight. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Malathy PA, Daniel SJ, Venkatesan S, Priya BY. A Clinico Epidemiological Study of Adverse Cutaneous Manifestations on Using Personal Protective Equipment Among Health Care Workers During Covid Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:478. [PMID: 36578707 PMCID: PMC9792000 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1157_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic was caused by a novel coronavirus. The frontline health care workers (HCW), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for a longer duration can result in a spectrum of adverse skin reactions. Recognizing occupationally induced adverse skin manifestations from PPE is necessary to avoid skin damage and risk of infections and to maintain compliance. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics of adverse cutaneous manifestations due to PPE, and also the contributing epidemiological factors among HCW in a tertiary care institute. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one month. Four hundred fifteen health care workers who used PPE continuously for >4 hours voluntarily participated in this study. By using a self-administered online questionnaire, the information and clinical photographs were collected. Results The prevalence of adverse skin manifestations was 62.1% (258). The prevalence was more common in females. Mask-related facial skin problems were most commonly reported. Of 74 participants with pre-existing acne lesions, 35 (8.4%) reported acne flare-ups after using PPE. Increased sweating (22.6%) and itching (11%) were the most commonly noted symptoms. Conclusion This study provides an insight into the prevalence of adverse skin reactions due to prolonged PPE usages, such as N95 masks and latex gloves in particular. Hence dermatological screening of HCW at regular intervals is inevitable to facilitate early management and prevent inadvertent protocol breaches. Further, it proposes the importance of raising proper safety measures to effectively reduce the COVID positivity rate among HCW by minimizing and preventing occupationally induced dermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyavathani A. Malathy
- From the Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and RGGGH, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel J. Daniel
- From the Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and RGGGH, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesan
- From the Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and RGGGH, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Yuva Priya
- From the Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and RGGGH, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Yuva Priya B, Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 003, India. E-mail:
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Narendiranath Babu T, Singh PP, Somesh M, Jha HK, Rama Prabha D, Venkatesan S, Ramesh Babu V. Vibration analysis of planetary gearbox using empirical mode decomposition and automatic fault prediction using artificial neural network. IFS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-210229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The planetary gearbox works on an epicyclic gear train consisting of sun gear meshed with planets gears and ring gear. It got advantages due to its large torque to weight ratio and reduced vibrations. It is mostly employed in analog clocks, automobile automatic gearbox, Lathe machines, and other heavy industries. Therefore, it was imperative to analyze the various faults occurring in a gearbox. Furthermore, come up with a method so that failures can be avoided at the early stage. It was also a reason why it became the field of intensive research. Moreover, the technology of neural networks emerged recently, where machine learning models are trained to detect uneven vibrations on their own. This attracted many researchers to perform the study to devise their own methods of prediction. The central concept of fault prediction by the neural network without human beings’ interference inspired this study. Most industries always wanted to know if their operation line is working fine or not. In this study, an attempt was made to apply the method of deep learning on one of the most critical gearboxes because of its components and functionality. A significant part of the study also involved filtering the vibration data obtained while testing. Comparative analysis of the variation of the peak of acceleration was performed for healthy and faulty conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabhu Pal Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - M. Somesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Harshit Kumar Jha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - D. Rama Prabha
- School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - S. Venkatesan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - V. Ramesh Babu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Selvendran S, Das S, Waidha K, Venkatesan S, Balamurali MM, Basu B, Rajendran S. Pyrrole‐Fused Benzoxazinones/Quinoxalinones: Molecular Dynamic Simulation, Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activities. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Selvendran
- Chemistry Division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Souvik Das
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata 700 026 West Bengal India
| | - Kamran Waidha
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh Ladakh, UT 194101 India
| | - Swathi Venkatesan
- Chemistry Division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - M. M. Balamurali
- Chemistry Division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata 700 026 West Bengal India
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Chemistry Division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
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Purakal J, Venkatesan S, Natesan S, Staton C, Kozhumam A, Vissoci J. 35 Prevalence and Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Emergency Physicians in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mutreja D, Verma S, Venkatesan S, Sharma S, Das S. Isolated CNS relapse in FLT 3 mutation positive CMML post allogeneic stem cell transplant: Report of a rare case. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:189-191. [PMID: 33433440 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_344_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a clonal chronic hematopoietic disorder that has been classified under the category of Myelodysplastic syndrome/Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). CMML has high chances of transforming to acute leukemia, however isolated CNS relapse in CMML has never been reported in literature. We report an extremely rare case of a 47 yearold female diagnosed to have CMML- 2 in remission, who developed an isolated central nervous system relapse after matched related allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To our knowledge this is the first report of isolated CNS relapse in CMML post allogeneic stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shipra Verma
- Department of Pathology, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of Pathology, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeevan Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Command Hospital, Central Command, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyaranjan Das
- Department of Hematology, Command Hospital, Southern Command, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
The accuracy of graph based learning techniques relies on the underlying topological structure and affinity between data points, which are assumed to lie on a smooth Riemannian manifold. However, the assumption of local linearity in a neighborhood does not always hold true. Hence, the Euclidean distance based affinity that determines the graph edges may fail to represent the true connectivity strength between data points. Moreover, the affinity between data points is influenced by the distribution of the data around them and must be considered in the affinity measure. In this paper, we propose two techniques, C C G A L and C C G A N that use cross-covariance based graph affinity (CCGA) to represent the relation between data points in a local region. C C G A L also explores the additional connectivity between data points which share a common local neighborhood. C C G A N considers the influence of respective neighborhoods of the two immediately connected data points, which further enhance the affinity measure. Experimental results of manifold learning on synthetic datasets show that CCGA is able to represent the affinity measure between data points more accurately. This results in better low dimensional representation. Manifold regularization experiments on standard image dataset further indicate that the proposed CCGA based affinity is able to accurately identify and include the influence of the data points and its common neighborhood that increase the classification accuracy. The proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art manifold regularization methods by a significant margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of IT Deoghat, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, U.P. India India
| | - Shekhar Verma
- Department of IT Deoghat, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, U.P. India India
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of IT Deoghat, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, U.P. India India
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Baas P, Daumont M, Lacoin L, Penrod J, Carroll R, Tanna N, Venkatesan S, Ubhi H, Calleja A, Snee M. 1909P Treatment patterns and outcomes in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in England: A nationwide CAS registry analysis from the I-O optimise initiative. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kohli UA, Rajput M, Venkatesan S. Association of maternal hemoglobin and iron stores with neonatal hemoglobin and iron stores. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 77:158-164. [PMID: 33867631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the commonest causes of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency. This study aims at understanding and exploring the association between fetal and maternal iron status. Predelivery maternal hemoglobin (Hb) and iron stores, serum iron, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), were assessed and compared to the cord blood Hb and iron stores with an attempt to identify the level of maternal Hb and ferritin at which the fetal iron stores reduce, helping to identify the neonates who will require earlier iron supplementation. Method Four hundred eight participants were enrolled, and maternal and cord blood was collected at the time of delivery and tested for Hb and iron parameters. The results were statistically analyzed. Results Of all mothers, 27.2% mothers were anemic (Hb less than 11 g/dl). Of all newborns, 15.4% newborns had Hb less than 14 g/dl. There was a significant association between the maternal and cord blood iron, ferritin, sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index. Eighty-five percent of the babies with cord blood Hb <14 g/dl had maternal serum ferritin (SF) <50 μg/L. Maternal SF <10 μg/l was associated with a significant number of babies with cord blood SF <75 μg/l (77.7%). One hundred sixty six neonates had sTfR 2 μg/ml or more. Of these, 80.7% had maternal SF <50 μg/l. Of the 115 newborns with a high sTfR/log ferritin index (>1.5), 56.5% had raised maternal sTfR (>2μg/ml). Conclusion In view of a significant association between maternal and neonatal Hb and iron stores, newborns of mothers with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy should be monitored and followed up after birth for development of IDA and early iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Aiyer Kohli
- Associate Professor (Obstetrics & Gynecology), Command Hospital (Air Force), Bangalore, 560007, India
| | - Meenakshi Rajput
- Graded Specialist (Obstetrics & Gynecology), Command Hospital (Northern Command), C/o 56 APO, India
| | - S Venkatesan
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology & Hematopathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040, India
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Venkatesan S, Vasnik G, Sharma S, Malik A. Clinicopathological profile of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: Experience from a tertiary care center. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_52_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nenwani D, Venkatesan S, Kumar GP, Swaminathan N, Shankar GR, Paul GJ. Measurement of Aortic Root Dimensions by Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Normal Indian Population. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Nenwani D, Kumaran MN, Venkatesan S, Elangovan C, Nageshwaran PM, Majella JCM. Embolic ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following aortic prosthetic valve replacement: Diagnosis and management issues. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Singh T, Kataria T, Narang K, Kalra C, Manigandan D, Venkatesan S. OC-052: Assessing the impact of two different methods of CBCT registrations on setup errors in H&N patients. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Anbarasan S, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Paul G, Venkatesan S. Mitral Valve Separation Index- A Simpler and More Reproducible Method of Calculating Mitral Valve Area and Gradient across Mitral Valve. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Egambaram D, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. Applicability and Clinical Utility of Framingham and NHANES criteria in HFrEF HFpEF and Combined HF. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Ram R, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Justin Paul G, Venkatesan S. Defining a New Normal: Apical Displacement of Septal Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve is Far Less than Reported in Literature. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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26
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Srinivas S, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Justin Paul G, Venkatesan S. Not So Innocent Heart: Echo Assessment of Obstructive COR Triatriatum with Cleft Mitral Valve. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Srinivas S, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Justin Paul G, Venkatesan S. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy Mimicking as LMCA Disease - A Rare Case Report. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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28
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Anbarasan S, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Paul J, Venkatesan S. Acute aortic dissection presenting as st segment elevation myocardial infarction- importance of clinical examination revisited. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Anbarasan S, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Paul G, Venkatesan S, Majella C. Electrocardiographic Changes in Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect- Before and after Shunt Closure- A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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30
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Iliyas M, Swaminathan N, Ravishankar G, Srinivasan K, Manimegalai E, Elangovan C, Venkatesan S, Nageshwaran P, Justin Paul G. Pharmaco-invasive therapy Vs primary PCI in A tertiary referral hospital in South India: A prospective observational study. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hariharan N, Nandakumaran M, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S, Nageshwaran P, Majella C. Situs Inversus with Levocardia, Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Vessels, Right Sided Aortic Arch, Inverted Coranaries in a 46 Year Old Female. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Vasnik GK, Venkatesan S, Sharma S, Malik A. Plasma cell neoplasm with varied morphology: A report of two cases. J Lab Physicians 2019; 11:281-283. [PMID: 31579230 PMCID: PMC6771323 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_172_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell (PC) neoplasm (PCN) with varied morphology has been described in the literature. The majority of clonal proliferation of PCs is composed of easily recognizable morphology in the bone marrow (BM). However, few cases may cause diagnostic complexity, as they exhibit varied cytological and architectural heterogeneity which may pose problem in morphological diagnosis and require the use of ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC). We illustrate here two such cases of PCN with varied morphology in BM aspirate, in the form of clustering/rosetting and multiple clear cytoplasmic vacuoles, respectively, leading to varied differential diagnosis. However, later, the histopathological features on BM biopsy findings were relatively characteristic and IHC confirmed the final diagnosis. The morphological variants documented in both these cases are exceptional and representative of the various forms of atypical PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeevan Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Malik
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Venkatesan S, Thangaraju P. Leprosy in French Polynesia-points focused. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 30:100559. [PMID: 31193308 PMCID: PMC6525310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu, India
| | - P Thangaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
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Mathew AE, Kumar Y, Angeline RP, Christopher P, Rehman SP, Venkatesan S. Workplace-based assessment of family medicine competencies using "field note tool" - A pilot study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 7:1458-1463. [PMID: 30613542 PMCID: PMC6293892 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_141_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Department of Family Medicine in a medical college in South India introduced "field note" (FN) as a tool for Work-Place Based Assessment in postgraduate training. FN collects "open-ended" feedback from both resident and faculty and helps them to arrive at an action plan. This study describes our experience of implementing FN and perceptions of learners and faculty. Methods While precepting the residents in Family Medicine service areas, faculty documented their observations of the resident's clinical work using FN and provided an action plan. Faculty and residents described their experience and provided feedback. Focus group discussions were conducted for faculty and residents. Data were coded and grouped into themes. Results Four residents and seven faculties participated in the study during 12 weeks period using 17 consultations. Clinical expert (13/17) and communicator (6/17) are the most commonly assessed competencies followed by professionalism (2/17) and collaborator (2/17). Faculty and residents agreed that "FN" was a useful tool and it helped the faculty to give feedback and guide the learner. Residents and faculty arrived at an action plan in 70% of the consultations. Three of four residents perceived the change in their behaviour positively after the use of FN. Both resident and faculty found the rating of the learner using Dreyfus scale as a barrier. Conclusion FN could be one of the important tools in our "Toolbox of Assessment Methods" for family medicine specialty. There is a need for sensitizing the learners to feedback process and training the faculty in assessment and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha E Mathew
- Department of Family Medicine, Community Health and Development, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yeshvanth Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Low Cost Effective Care Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruby P Angeline
- Department of Family Medicine, Low Cost Effective Care Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prince Christopher
- Department of Family Medicine, Shalom Family Medicine Clinic, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sajitha P Rehman
- Department of Family Medicine, Low Cost Effective Care Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of Family Medicine, Low Cost Effective Care Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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35
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Nenwani D, Ganesan G, Venkatesan S, Babu SS. Quadrivalvular rheumatic heart disease. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_45_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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36
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Venkatesan S, Myles PR, Manning HJ, Mozid AM, Andersson C, Jørgensen ME, Hardman JG, Moonesinghe SR, Foex P, Mythen M, Grocott MPW, Sanders RD. Cohort study of preoperative blood pressure and risk of 30-day mortality after elective non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018. [PMID: 28633374 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative blood pressure (BP) thresholds associated with increased postoperative mortality remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between preoperative BP and 30-day mortality after elective non-cardiac surgery. Methods We performed a cohort study of primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2004-13). Parsimonious and fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, including restricted cubic splines for numerical systolic and diastolic BP, for 30-day mortality were constructed. The full model included 29 perioperative risk factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, medications, and surgical risk scale. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for age (>65 vs <65 years old) and the timing of BP measurement. Results A total of 251 567 adults were included, with 589 (0.23%) deaths within 30 days of surgery. After adjustment for all risk factors, preoperative low BP was consistently associated with statistically significant increases in the odds ratio (OR) of postoperative mortality. Statistically significant risk thresholds started at a preoperative systolic pressure of 119 mm Hg (adjusted OR 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.02]) compared with the reference (120 mm Hg) and diastolic pressure of 63 mm Hg [OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.03-1.49)] compared with the reference (80 mm Hg). As BP decreased, the OR of mortality risk increased. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the risk associated with low BP was confined to the elderly. Adjusted analyses identified that diastolic hypertension was associated with increased postoperative mortality in the whole cohort. Conclusions In this large observational study we identified a significant dose-dependent association between low preoperative BP values and increased postoperative mortality in the elderly. In the whole population, elevated diastolic, not systolic, BP was associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P R Myles
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H J Manning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - C Andersson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M E Jørgensen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Hardman
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - P Foex
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M Mythen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - M P W Grocott
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - R D Sanders
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Trials and Interdisciplinary Outcomes Network (ACTION), Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
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Anbarasan S, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (cardiovocal syndrome) in dilated cardiomyopathy - Reversal with optimal medical management. Indian Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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38
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Thangaraju P, Venkatesan S, Sivashanmugam E, Showkath Ali MK. Target Hansen's disease. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:838. [PMID: 30234065 PMCID: PMC6132014 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Thangaraju
- Department of Clinical Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Sivashanmugam
- Department of Clinical Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Showkath Ali
- Department of Clinical Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Andola
- Department of Information Technology, Network Security and Cryptography Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Sourabh Prakash
- Department of Information Technology, Network Security and Cryptography Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - S. Venkatesan
- Department of Information Technology, Network Security and Cryptography Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Shekhar Verma
- Department of Information Technology, Network Security and Cryptography Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
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40
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Jørgensen ME, Andersson C, Venkatesan S, Sanders RD. Beta-blockers in noncardiac surgery: Did observational studies put us back on safe ground? Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:16-25. [PMID: 29935568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on landmark trials, international guidelines had for years promoted the use of beta-blockers in the setting of non-cardiac surgery. In 2011, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of some of the landmark trials, as the Dutch Erasmus Medical Center found some of them to be scientifically incorrect. Based on the remaining studies that were to be trusted, investigations showed that, in contrast to prior beliefs, the widespread use of perioperative beta-blockers might be harmful. A call for further investigations into the matter ushered in several observational studies evaluating the safety of perioperative beta-blocker therapy in specific patient subgroups. Within this review, we discuss important aspects for making these decisions, and compare the major observational studies and specific estimates of risk in subgroups of interest. We conclude that patients at high risk with heavy co-morbidities, such as heart failure, may benefit from beta-blocker therapy, whereas low-risk patients, such as patients with uncomplicated hypertension, may be at increased risk with beta-blocker therapy. We provide a critical review of current perioperative guidelines in view of the new observational data, suggesting that the recommended schematics, such as the Revised Cardiac Risk Index, for risk stratification of patients in this setting may be suboptimal. Further, we provide discussions of other aspects, including risk of sepsis, type of beta-blocker, and the potential of perioperative beta-blocker withdrawal, which may be important in guiding future studies. Summarising the current evidence, we argue that, after a precarious decade, we may just now, be back on safe ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jørgensen
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - C Andersson
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Venkatesan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R D Sanders
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Trials & Interdisciplinary Outcome Network, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Venkatesan S, Rosenthal R, Kanu N, McGranahan N, Bartek J, Quezada SA, Hare J, Harris RS, Swanton C. Perspective: APOBEC mutagenesis in drug resistance and immune escape in HIV and cancer evolution. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:563-572. [PMID: 29324969 PMCID: PMC5888943 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) mutational signature has only recently been detected in a multitude of cancers through next-generation sequencing. In contrast, APOBEC has been a focus of virology research for over a decade. Many lessons learnt regarding APOBEC within virology are likely to be applicable to cancer. In this review, we explore the parallels between the role of APOBEC enzymes in HIV and cancer evolution. We discuss data supporting the role of APOBEC mutagenesis in creating HIV genome heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immune escape variants. We hypothesize similar functions of APOBEC will also hold true in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesan
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - R Rosenthal
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - N Kanu
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - N McGranahan
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - J Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S A Quezada
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - J Hare
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, USA
| | - R S Harris
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - C Swanton
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK; Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Thangamuthukumar KG, Karthikeyan S, Gnanavelu G, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. An unusual case of right atrial mass. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_50_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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44
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Kongunattan KV, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. An unusual complication of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with infective endocarditis: Vegetations obstructing right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_48_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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45
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Karthik N, Gnanavelu G, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. Mitral annular plane excursion (MAPSE) correlation with ejection fraction in cardiovascular disease. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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46
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Nachiappan K, Swaninathan N, Gnanavelu G, Venkatesan S. An observational study on the timing of appearance of coronary collaterals during acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Nachiappan K, Swaminathan N, Venkatesan S. A study on the left atrial volume and its correlation with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in normal Indian population. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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48
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Princy SA, Majella JCM, Paul GJ, Venkatesan S. A study on pregnancy following prosthetic valve: Expect hemodynamic triumph in most! Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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49
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Kumar BM, Paul GJ, Swaminathan N, Gnanavelu G, Ravishankar G, Kumar N, Venkatesan S. Assessment of hemodynamic and clinical response in thrombolytic therapy for prosthetic valve thrombosis. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Zakir Hussain G, Cecily Mary Majella J, Swaminathan N, Gnanavelu G, Ravishanker G, Justin Paul G, Kumaran N, Venkatesan S. An echocardiographic correlation of pulmonary artery size in pulmonary hypertension. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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