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Xia BC, Cong BB, Wang HL, Ma SH, Song JH, Wang N, Zhang Y, Li Y. [Current Status of Surveillance Systems for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 58:1-18. [PMID: 38403284 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240108-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
To conduct timely surveillance of the seasonal characteristics and disease burden of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) in various geographical regions of China, and further develop more precise and effective prevention and intervention strategies, there is an urgent need for China to establish a nationwide, effective, and stable HRSV surveillance system. Through combining the current status of domestic and international HRSV surveillance systems and the existing surveillance framework in China, this study proposed an HRSV surveillance type applicable to China based on different surveillance purposes, and considering the feasibility of implementation. This article aimed to provide solid scientific and technical support to monitor the dynamic changes of HRSV epidemic timely, carry out a risk assessment and early warning, and further understand the disease burden of HRSV in China. It also helps to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and control of the HRSV diseases research and development, use, and evaluation of HRSV vaccines and drugs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases/National Measles Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - B B Cong
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H L Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases/National Measles Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - S H Ma
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J H Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases/National Measles Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - N Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases/National Measles Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases/National Measles Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Li
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Li HQ, Xia LJ, Jiang YH, Liu L, Xing XF, Tao R, Ma SH. [Efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency combined with gabapentin in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3954-3958. [PMID: 38129173 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230921-00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with gabapentin in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN). Methods: A total of 123 AHN patients were retrospectively selected in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from November 2019 to July 2022, who were divided into two groups based on treatment methods: control group (treated with gabapentin, n=61) and study group (treated with gabapentin and PRF, n=62). The visual analog scale (VAS) was utilized for pain severity assessment and the self-rating scale for sleep (SRSS) was utilized for sleep quality evaluation. The differences in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-2 and IL-6 before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The overall treatment effectiveness and the occurrence rates of postherpetic neuralgia and adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups. Results: Among the study group patients, 28 were male and 34 were female, and the age was (62.8±8.5) years. Among the control group patients, 35 were male and 26 were female, and the age was (64.0±7.8) years. The VAS scores of the study group before and after treatment were 7.96±1.33 and 1.52±0.60, respectively, while the control group were 7.68±1.52 and 2.70±0.64. The SRSS scores before and after treatment in the study group were 31.74±5.90 and 12.06±2.81, respectively, while those in the control group were 33.10±5.54 and 14.14±2.96, respectively. Before treatment, there were no statistically differences of the VAS scores and SRSS scores in both groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores and SRSS scores in both groups decreased compared with before treatment (all P<0.05), the study group's VAS scores and SRSS scores were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no statistically differences of the serum levels of IL-10, CXCL-10, PGE2, COX-2, IL-2 and IL-6 in both groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-10, CXCL-10, PGE2, COX-2 and IL-6 in both groups decreased compared with before treatment, while the IL-2 level increased. Additionally, the study group had lower serum levels of IL-10, PGE2, COX-2 and IL-6 compared with the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the study group had 35 cases of cure, 26 cases of effectiveness, and 1 case of ineffectiveness, while the control group had 22 cases of cure, 31 cases of effectiveness, and 8 cases of ineffectiveness. The overall treatment efficacy of the study group was better than that of the control group (P=0.012). The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia in the study group after treatment was 16.1% (10/62), which was lower than that in the control group, which was 37.7% (23/61) (P<0.05). There were no statistically differences of the occurrence rates of adverse reactions in both groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Combining PRF with gabapentin for the treatment of AHN demonstrates better overall efficacy and safety, which can more effectively alleviate pain, improve sleep, and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Li
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L J Xia
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Jiang
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X F Xing
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - R Tao
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S H Ma
- Department of Pain, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Li HQ, Jiang YH, Liu L, Xing XF, Wang J, Ma SH, Xia LJ. [Efficacy and safety of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency combined with pregabalin on severe thoracic postherpetic neuralgia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:2440-2444. [PMID: 37599219 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230113-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-voltage pulse radiofrequency combined with pregabalin on severe thoracic postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: A total of 103 patients with PHN who were admitted to the Department of Pain Medicine of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected, including 50 males and 53 females, and aged 40 to 79 (65.4±9.2) years. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment methods they received: the control group (n=51) and the study group (n=52). The patients in the control group were treated with oral pregabalin, and the patients in the study group received pregabalin plus high-voltage pulse radiofrequency therapy. The pain intensity and efficacy of the two groups were evaluated before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain intensity, the sleep quality and the efficacy of treatment was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and nimodipine method, respectively. The levels of pain mediators including serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP) and β-endorphin were measured. The differences of the above indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The VAS scores of the study group and the control group before treatment were 7.94±0.76 and 8.20±0.81, and PSQI scores were 16.84±3.90 and 16.29±3.84, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (both P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores of the two groups were 2.84±0.80 and 3.35±0.87, and PSQI scores were 6.78±1.90 and 7.98±2.40, respectively, and the VAS score and PSQI score in the study group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). There were no significant differences of the serum levels of NPY, PGE2, SP and β-endorphin before treatment in the study group and control group (all P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the levels of NPY, PGE2, SP and β-Endorphin in the study group were (240.7±26.8) ng/L, (74.4±8.6) μg/L, (108.9±15.7) ng/L and (4.4±0.9) ng/L, which were lower than those in the control group [(268.1±29.4) ng/L, (79.7±8.3) μg/L, (115.2±16.2) ng/L, (5.2±1.3) ng/L, respectively], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). After treatment, 29 cases were cured, 16 cases were markedly effective and 6 cases were effective in the study group, while 16 cases, 24 cases and 8 cases were cured, markedly effective and effective in the control group, respectively. The overall efficacy of patients in the study group was better than that in the control group (Z=-2.32, P=0.018). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group and control group was 11.5% (6/52) and 7.8% (4/51), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.40, P=0.527). Conclusion: High-voltage pulse radiofrequency combined with pregabalin can significantly improve the pain intensity and sleep quality of patients with severe thoracic PHN and reduce the levels of pain mediators, with a high safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X F Xing
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S H Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L J Xia
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Li HQ, Jiang YH, Liu L, Xing XF, Wang J, Ma SH, Xia LJ. [Efficacy and safety of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency combined with pregabalin on severe thoracic postherpetic neuralgia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:1931-1935. [PMID: 37402675 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221117-02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-voltage pulse radiofrequency combined with pregabalin on severe thoracic postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: A total of 103 patients with PHN who were admitted to the Department of Pain Medicine of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected, including 50 males and 53 females, and aged 40 to 79 (65.4±9.2) years. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment methods they received: the control group (n=51) and the study group (n=52). The patients in the control group were treated with oral pregabalin, and the patients in the study group received pregabalin plus high-voltage pulse radiofrequency therapy. The pain intensity and efficacy of the two groups were evaluated before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain intensity, the sleep quality and the efficacy of treatment was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and nimodipine method, respectively. The levels of pain factors including serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP) and β-Endorphin were measured. The differences of the above indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The VAS scores and PSQI scores of the study group and the control group before treatment were (7.94±0.76), (8.20±0.81), (16.84±3.90) and (16.29±3.84), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (both P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores and PSQI scores of the two groups were (2.84±0.80), (3.35±0.87), (6.78±1.90) and (7.98±2.40), respectively, and the VAS score and PSQI score in the study group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Serum levels of NPY, PGE2, SP and β-Endorphin were (298.5±31.0) ng/L, (92.3±11.0) μg/L, (156.8±21.4) ng/L, and (8.6±1.6) ng/L in the study group and (304.2±28.6) ng/L, (94.4±12.9) μg/L, (152.7±23.8) ng/L and (8.2±1.8) ng/L in the control group, with no significant differences (all P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, levels of NPY, PGE2, SP and β-Endorphin were (240.7±26.8) ng/L, (74.4±8.6) μg/L, (108.9±15.7) ng/L and (4.4±0.9) ng/L, which were lower than those in the control group [(268.1±29.4) ng/L, (79.7±8.3) μg/L, (115.2±16.2) ng/L, (5.2±1.3) ng/L, respectively], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). After treatment, 29 cases were cured, 16 cases were markedly effective and 6 cases were effective in the study group, while 16 cases, 24 cases and 8 cases were cured, markedly effective and effective in the control group. The overall efficacy of patients in the study group was better than that in the control group (Z=-2.32, P=0.018). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group and control group was 11.5% (6/52) and 7.8% (4/51), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.40, P=0.527). Conclusion: High-voltage pulse radiofrequency combined with pregabalin can significantly improve the pain and sleep quality of patients with severe thoracic PHN and reduce the level of pain factors, with a high safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X F Xing
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S H Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L J Xia
- Department of Pain Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Ma SH, Wu CY, Lyu YS, Chou YJ, Chang YT, Wu CY. Association between sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1318-1324. [PMID: 35344615 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain anti-diabetic agents have been linked to the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, the relationship between BP and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between SGLT2i usage and BP. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between 2007 and 2018. A total of 149,060 patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2i were matched 1:2 with diabetic patients without SGLT2i usage. Factors such as age, sex, duration of diabetes condition, DPP4i usage, insulin usage, and selected comorbidities were included in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control, the 2-year-cumulative incidence was significantly low in patients using SGLT2i after adjustment for competing mortality. Patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2i had a low risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·56, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0·33-0·96) for BP after adjustment for potential confounders. Age (HR, 1·06), renal disease (HR, 1·79), cerebrovascular disease (HR, 3·23), epilepsy (HR, 3·07), DPP4i users (HR: 2·55), and insulin users (HR: 2·56) were significant risk factors for BP. CONCLUSIONS The risk of BP did not increase in patients receiving SGLT2i. Thus, SGLT2i could be a safe choice for patients with diabetes having additional risk factors or a history of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lyu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y J Chou
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ismail M, Mok VC, Wong A, Au L, Yiu B, Wang Z, Chu WC, Chan AY, Fan FS, Ma SH, Ip V, Ip B, Ma K, Leung H, Soo YO, Leung TW, Ko H, Lau AY, Lam BY. Risk factors for delayed-onset dementia after stroke or transient ischemic attack-A five-year longitudinal cohort study. Int J Stroke 2021; 17:517-525. [PMID: 34109903 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211026519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke not only substantially increases the risk of incident dementia early after stroke but also the risk remains elevated years after. AIM We aimed to determine the risk factors of dementia onset more than three to six months after stroke or transient ischemic attack. METHODS This is a single-center prospective cohort study. We recruited consecutive subjects with stroke/transient ischemic attack without early-onset dementia. We conducted an annual neuropsychological assessment for five years. We investigated the association between baseline demographic, clinical, genetic (APOEɛ4 allele), and radiological factors as well as incident recurrent stroke with delayed-onset dementia using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In total, 1007 patients were recruited, of which 88 with early-onset dementia and 162 who lost to follow-ups were excluded. Forty-nine (6.5%) out of 757 patients have incident delayed-onset dementia. The presence of ≥3 lacunes, history of ischemic heart disease, history of ischemic stroke, and a lower baseline Hong Kong version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score were significantly associated with delayed-onset dementia. APOEɛ4 allele, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and recurrent stroke were not predictive. CONCLUSION The presence of ≥3 lacunes, history of ischemic heart disease, history of ischemic stroke, and a lower baseline MoCA score are associated with delayed-onset dementia after stroke/transient ischemic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamina Ismail
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Ct Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lisa Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Yiu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaolu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Winnie Cw Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Yy Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florence Sy Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze H Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Ip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonaventure Ip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Howan Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yannie Oy Soo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Wh Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Yl Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Yk Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ip B, Au L, Chan A, Fan F, Ip V, Ma SH, Ma K, Mok V, Lau A, Leng X, Leung H, Wong A, Abrigo J, Wong J, Yu S, Wong L, Soo Y, Leung T. Evolving ischemic stroke subtypes in 15 years: A hospital-based observational study. Int J Stroke 2021; 17:444-454. [PMID: 33724087 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211005953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depicting the time trends of ischemic stroke subtypes may inform healthcare resource allocation on etiology-based stroke prevention and treatment. AIM To reveal the evolving ischemic stroke subtypes from 2004 to 2018. METHODS We determined the stroke etiologies of consecutive first-ever transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke patients admitted to a regional hospital in Hong Kong from 2004 to 2018. We analyzed the age-standardized incidences and the two-year recurrence rate of major ischemic stroke subtypes. RESULTS Among 6940 patients admitted from 2004 to 2018, age-standardized incidence of ischemic stroke declined from 187.0 to 127.4 per 100,000 population (p < 0.001), driven by the decrease in large artery disease (43.0-9.67 per 100,000 population (p < 0.001)), and small vessel disease (71.9-45.7 per 100,000 population (p < 0.001)). Age-standardized incidence of cardioembolic stroke did not change significantly (p = 0.2). Proportion of cardioembolic stroke increased from 20.4% in 2004-2006 to 29.3% in 2016-2018 (p < 0.001). Two-year recurrence rate of intracranial atherothrombotic stroke reduced from 19.3% to 5.1% (p < 0.001) with increased prescriptions of statin (p < 0.001) and dual antiplatelet therapy (p < 0.001). In parallel with increased anticoagulation use across the study period (p < 0.001), the two-year recurrence of AF-related stroke reduced from 18.9% to 6% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Etiology-based risk factor control might have led to the diminishing stroke incidences related to atherosclerosis. To tackle the surge of AF-related strokes, arrhythmia screening, anticoagulation usage, and mechanical thrombectomy service should be reinforced. Comparable preventive strategies might alleviate the enormous stroke burden in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonaventure Ip
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa Au
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anne Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Florence Fan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Ip
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze H Ma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Ma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Lau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyi Leng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Howan Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Adrian Wong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jill Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeffrey Wong
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lawrence Wong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yannie Soo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Leng X, Lan L, Ip HL, Fan F, Ma SH, Ma K, Liu H, Yan Z, Liu J, Abrigo J, Soo YOY, Liebeskind DS, Wong KS, Leung TW. Translesional pressure gradient and leptomeningeal collateral status in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:404-410. [PMID: 29171118 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leptomeningeal collateral (LMC) status governs the prognosis of large artery occlusive stroke, although factors determining LMC status are not fully elucidated. The aim was to investigate metrics affecting LMC status in such patients by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models based on computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack attributed to atherosclerotic M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis (50%-99%) were recruited. Demographic, clinical and imaging data of these patients were collected. Ipsilesional LMC status was graded as good or poor by assessing the laterality of anterior and posterior cerebral arteries in CTA. A CFD model based on CTA was constructed to reflect focal hemodynamics in the distal internal carotid artery, M1 MCA and A1 anterior cerebral artery. Pressure gradients were calculated across culprit MCA stenotic lesions in CFD models. Predictors for good LMC status were sought in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Amongst the 85 patients enrolled (mean age 61.5 ± 10.9 years), 38 (44.7%) had good ipsilesional LMC status. The mean pressure gradient across MCA lesions was 14.8 ± 18.1 mmHg. Advanced age (P = 0.030) and a larger translesional pressure gradient (P = 0.029) independently predicted good LMCs. A lower fasting blood glucose level also showed a trend for good LMCs (P = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested a correlation between translesional pressure gradient and maturation of LMCs in intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Further studies with more exquisite and dynamic monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics and LMC evolution are needed to verify the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Leng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - L Lan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - H L Ip
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - F Fan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - S H Ma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Ma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z Yan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y O Y Soo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - D S Liebeskind
- Neurovascular Imaging Research Core, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K S Wong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - T W Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Mok VCT, Lam BYK, Wang Z, Liu W, Au L, Leung EYL, Chen S, Yang J, Chu WCW, Lau AYL, Chan AYY, Shi L, Fan F, Ma SH, Ip V, Soo YOY, Leung TWH, Kwok TCY, Ho CL, Wong LKS, Wong A. Delayed-onset dementia after stroke or transient ischemic attack. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1167-1176. [PMID: 27327542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients surviving stroke without immediate dementia are at high risk of delayed-onset dementia. Mechanisms underlying delayed-onset dementia are complex and may involve vascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Dementia-free patients with stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (TIA; n = 919) were studied for 3 years prospectively, excluding those who developed dementia 3 to 6 months after stroke and/or TIA. RESULTS Forty subjects (4.4%) developed dementia during the study period. Imaging markers of severe small vessel disease (SVD), namely presence of ≥3 lacunes and confluent white matter changes; history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus independently predicted delayed-onset dementia after adjustment for age, gender, and education. Only 6 of 31 (19.4%) subjects with delayed cognitive decline harbored Alzheimer's disease-like Pittsburg compound B (PiB) retention. Most PiB cases (16/25, 64%) had evidence of severe SVD. DISCUSSION Severe SVD contributes importantly to delayed-onset dementia after stroke and/or TIA. Future clinical trials aiming to prevent delayed-onset dementia after stroke and/or TIA should target this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Y K Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaolu Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lisa Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Y L Leung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sirong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Y L Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Y Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florence Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze H Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Ip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yannie O Y Soo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas W H Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi L Ho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lawrence K S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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10
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Ma SH, Ling FH, Sun YX, Chen SF, Li Z. Investigation on the role of XPG gene polymorphisms in breast cancer risk in a Chinese population. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8066. [PMID: 27323134 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study to investigate the role of XPG gene polymorphisms (rs2094258, rs751402, and rs17655) in the development of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer (320) and control subjects (294) were consecutively selected from the Zhongshan Hospital between April 2013 and January 2015. The genotyping of XPG rs2094258, rs751402, and rs17655 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Using the chi-square test, we did not find any significant differences in the genotype distributions of XPG rs2094258 (χ(2) = 1.48, P = 0.48), rs751402 (χ(2) = 0.65, P = 0.72), and rs17655 (χ(2) = 0.01, P = 0.92) genes between breast cancer patients and control subjects. The genotype distributions of XPG rs2094258, rs751402, and rs17655 did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in control subjects, and the P values were 0.58, 0.97, and 0.26, respectively. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis, we found that XPG rs2094258, rs751402 and rs17655 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the development of breast cancer after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, we found that XPG rs2094258, rs751402, and rs17655 do not influence the development of breast cancer in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - F H Ling
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Y X Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - S F Chen
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Fan FSY, Ip VHL, Lau AYL, Chan AYY, Au LWC, Ma SH, Soo YOY, Leung TWH, Liebeskind DS, Wong LKS. Abstract WP121: An Evaluation of Hemodynamics Across Intracranial Steno-occlusive Lesions by Computational Fluid Dynamics. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wp121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (ICAS) is a major cause of stroke worldwide and portends a high risk of recurrence. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a novel technique developed to solve and analyze the dynamic effects of fluid flow. We aimed to analyse hemodynamics across ICAS using CFD on processed CTA images and explore the correlation between the degree of arterial stenosis and hemodynamic flow status.
Methods:
We recruited patients with symptomatic ICAS from Acute Stroke Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital. All patients received CTA and DSA as vascular workup. Using CFD analysis of processed CTA images, we first defined the hemodynamic parameters, including pressure difference, pressure ratio, pressure gradient, shear strain rate ratio (SSR), wall shear stress (WSS) ratio and velocity ratio, across the stenosed vessels, and then we correlated the severity of stenosis as defined by DSA, with these parameters.
Results:
Among the 53 recruited patients (mean age 62.9 years, 69.8% males), 45 (85%) had lesions in the anterior circulation. The severity of stenosis showed a weak-to-moderate correlation with pressure difference (rs=0.392, p=0.004), pressure ratio (rs=-0.429, p=0.001) and pressure gradient (rs=0.419, p=0.002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of stenosis with SSR ratio, WSS ratio and velocity ratio. Among patients with anterior circulation stroke or TIA, the severity of stenosis showed a weak to moderate correlation with pressure difference (rs=0.381, p=0.01), pressure ratio (rs=-0.426, p=0.004) and pressure gradient (rs=0.407, p=0.005). For patients with posterior circulation stroke or TIA, the severity of stenosis was strongly correlated with pressure difference (rs=0.714, p=0.047) and pressure ratio (rs=-0.714, p=0.047); and very strongly correlated with velocity ratio (rs=0.833, p=0.01).
Conclusions:
The severity of ICAS showed only weak-to-moderate correlation with hemodynamic parameters across the culprit lesion. Thus, risk stratification and treatment based solely on stenotic severity may be inadequate. Our findings may guide further research in estimating stroke risks and selection of high-risk patients who may benefit from adjunctive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne YY Chan
- The Chinese Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa WC Au
- The Chinese Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - SH Ma
- The Chinese Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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12
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Ren J, Hou XY, Ma SH, Zhang FK, Zhen JH, Sun L, Sun YX, Hao YL, Cheng YF, Hou M, Xu CG, Zhang MH, Peng J. Elevated expression of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 mediates recruitment of T cells into bone marrow of patients with acquired aplastic anaemia. J Intern Med 2014; 276:512-24. [PMID: 24528288 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) is a T-cell-mediated, organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by haematopoietic stem cell destruction in the bone marrow. The exact molecular mechanism of T-cell trafficking into the bone marrow is unclear in AA. Very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) play active roles in many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we investigated whether VLA-4 and CX3CR1 also contribute to T-cell migration into the bone marrow in acquired AA. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Expression levels of CX3CR1 and VLA-4 and their ligands [fractalkine (CX3CL1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)] were examined in 63 patients with AA and 21 healthy control subjects. T-cell chemotaxis and adhesion were analysed in 17 patients with severe AA. We also prospectively evaluated the expression pattern of CX3CR1 during treatment with antithymocyte globulin plus cyclosporine in 11 patients with severe AA. RESULTS The proportion of peripheral and bone marrow CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CX3CR1 and the level of CX3CL1 was increased in patients with AA. However, there was no significant difference in VLA-4 expression or VCAM-1 levels. Functional studies demonstrated that chemotaxis towards autologous bone marrow plasma or soluble CX3CL1 was significantly higher in T cells from AA patients and could be blocked by CX3CR1 inhibitors. CX3CR1-mediated T-cell adhesion was also upregulated in these patients. The expression of CX3CR1 was associated with the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrate that CX3CR1 plays a pivotal role in recruitment of T cells into the bone marrow in acquired AA and is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ren
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Hsieh SH, Lee GJ, Chen CY, Chen JH, Ma SH, Horng TL, Chen KH, Wu JJ. Synthesis of Pt doped Bi2O3/RuO2 photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting using visible light. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5930-5936. [PMID: 22966683 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the preparation of modified bismuth oxide photocatalysts, including Ru and Pt doped Bi2O3, using sonochemically assisted method to enhance their photocatalytic activity. The crystalline phase composition and surface structure of Bi2O3 photocatalysts were examined using SEM, XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy, and XPS. Optical characterizations have indicated that the Bi2O3 presents the photoabsorption properties shifting from UV light region into visible light which is approaching towards the edge of 470 nm. According to the experimental results, visible-light-driven photocatalysis for water splitting with the addition of 0.3 M Na2SO3 and 0.03 M H2C2O4 as sacrificing agents demonstrates that Pt/Bi2O3-RuO2 catalyst could increase the amount of hydrogen evolution, which is around 11.6 and 14.5 micromol g(-1) h(-1), respectively. Plausible formation mechanisms of modified bismuth oxide and reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic water splitting have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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14
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Ou SL, Kuo PC, Ma SH, Shen CL, Tsai TL, Chen SC, Chiang DY, Lee CT. Crystallization mechanisms of phase change (GeSbSn)(100-x)Co(x) optical recording films. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:11138-11141. [PMID: 22409072 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the (GeSbSn)(100-x0Co(x) films (x = 0-13.3) were deposited on natural oxidized silicon wafer and glass substrate by dc magnetron co-sputtering of GeSbSn and Co targets. The ZnS-SiO2 films were used as protective layers. The thicknesses of the (GeSbSn)(100-x)Co(x) films and protective layer were 100 nm and 30 nm, respectively. We investigated the effects of Co addition on the thermal property, crystallization kinetics, and crystallization mechanism of the GeSbSn recording film. The crystallization temperatures of (GeSbSn)(100-x)Co(x) films were decreased with Co content. It was found that the activation energy of the (GeSbSn)(100-x)Co(x) films will decrease from 1.53 eV to 0.55 eV as Co content increased from 0 at.% to 13.3 at.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Ou
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Na BK, Lee JS, Shin GC, Shin JM, Lee JY, Chung JK, Ha DR, Lee JK, Ma SH, Cho HW, Kang C, Kim WJ. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes of measles viruses isolated in Korea during the 2000 epidemic. Virus Res 2001; 81:143-9. [PMID: 11682133 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the genetic properties of currently circulating measles viruses in Korea, the complete nucleotide sequences of hemagglutinin (H) protein and nucleoprotein (N) genes of Korean viruses were analyzed. The entire genes of H and N were directly amplified by RT-PCR from each clinical specimen and sequenced. Sequence analyses of H and N genes indicated that all Korean viruses had a high degree of homology (>99.8%) when compared with each other. The Korean viruses differed from other wild-type viruses by as much as 6.8% in the H gene and 6.5% in the N gene at the nucleotide level. The deduced amino acid variability was up to 6.4% for the H protein and up to 6.5% for the N protein. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of the H and N genes revealed that all Korean viruses were grouped into the clade H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Na
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, 122-701, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Jan JT, Chen BH, Ma SH, Liu CI, Tsai HP, Wu HC, Jiang SY, Yang KD, Shaio MF. Potential dengue virus-triggered apoptotic pathway in human neuroblastoma cells: arachidonic acid, superoxide anion, and NF-kappaB are sequentially involved. J Virol 2000; 74:8680-91. [PMID: 10954569 PMCID: PMC116379 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.18.8680-8691.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct in vivo evidence for the susceptibility of human neuronal cells to dengue virus has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that type 2 dengue (DEN-2) virus infection induced extensive apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) was activated by DEN-2 infection, which led to the generation of arachidonic acid (AA). Inhibition of PLA(2) activity by the PLA(2) inhibitors, AACOCF(3) and ONO-RS-082, diminished DEN-2 virus-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin, thought to increase AA accumulation by blocking AA catabolism, enhanced apoptosis. Exogenous AA induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxide anion, which is thought to be generated through the AA-activated NADPH oxidase, was increased after infection. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) protected cells against DEN-2 virus-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, generation of superoxide anion was blocked by AACOCF(3). In addition, the transcription factors, NF-kappaB and c-Jun, were found to be activated after DEN-2 virus infection. However, pretreatment of cells with oligodeoxynucleotides containing NF-kappaB, but not c-Jun, binding sites (transcription factor decoy) strongly prevented dengue virus-induced apoptosis. The finding that AACOCF(3) and SOD significantly block activation of NF-kappaB suggests that this activation is derived from the AA-superoxide anion pathway. Our results indicate that DEN-2 virus infection of human neuroblastoma cells triggers an apoptotic pathway through PLA(2) activation to superoxide anion generation and subsequently to NF-kappaB activation. This apoptotic effect can be either directly derived from the action of AA and superoxide anion on mitochondria or indirectly derived from the products of apoptosis-related genes activated by NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
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17
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Liao CL, Lin YL, Shen SC, Shen JY, Su HL, Huang YL, Ma SH, Sun YC, Chen KP, Chen LK. Antiapoptotic but not antiviral function of human bcl-2 assists establishment of Japanese encephalitis virus persistence in cultured cells. J Virol 1998; 72:9844-54. [PMID: 9811720 PMCID: PMC110496 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.12.9844-9854.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/1998] [Accepted: 09/09/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were killed by a mechanism involved in apoptosis. While readily established in a variety of cell lines, JEV persistence has never been successfully instituted in BHK-21 and CHO cells. Since stable expression of human bcl-2 in BHK-21 cells has been shown to delay JEV-induced apoptosis, in this study we investigated whether JEV persistence could be established in such cells. When constitutively expressing bcl-2, but not its closest homolog, bcl-XL, following a primary lytic infection, approximately 5 to 10% of BHK-21 and CHO cells became persistently JEV infected during a long-term culture. From the persistent bulks, several independent clones were selected and expanded to form stable cell lines that continuously produced infectious virus without marked cytopathic effects (CPE). Among these stable cell lines, the truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) was also detected and was indistinguishable from the NS1 truncations previously observed in JEV-persistent murine neuroblastoma N18 cells. However, the stable expression of NS1 alone, regardless of whether it was truncated or full length, failed to render the engineered cells persistently infected by JEV, implying that aberrant NS1 proteins were likely a consequence of, rather than a cause for, the viral persistence. Enforced bcl-2 expression, which did not affect virus replication and spread during the early phase of cytolytic infection, appeared to attain JEV persistence by restriction of virus-induced CPE. Our results suggest that it is the antiapoptotic, rather than the antiviral, effect of cellular bcl-2 which plays a role in the establishment of JEV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Liao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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18
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Lin YL, Liao CL, Chen LK, Yeh CT, Liu CI, Ma SH, Huang YY, Huang YL, Kao CL, King CC. Study of Dengue virus infection in SCID mice engrafted with human K562 cells. J Virol 1998; 72:9729-37. [PMID: 9811707 PMCID: PMC110483 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.12.9729-9737.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1998] [Accepted: 09/09/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human K562 cells (K562-SCID mice) can be used as an animal model to study dengue virus (DEN) infection. After intratumor injection into K562 cell masses of PL046, a Taiwanese DEN-2 human isolate, the K562-SCID mice showed neurological signs of paralysis and died at approximately 2 weeks postinfection. In addition to being detected in the tumor masses, high virus titers were detected in the peripheral blood and the brain tissues, indicating that DEN had replicated in the infected K562-SCID mice. In contrast, the SCID mice were resistant to DEN infection and the mock-infected K562-SCID mice survived for over 3 months. These data illustrate that DEN infection contributed directly to the deaths of the infected K562-SCID mice. Other serotypes of DEN were also used to infect the K562-SCID mice, and the mortality rates of the infected mice varied with different challenge strains, suggesting the existence of diverse degrees of virulence among DENs. To determine whether a neutralizing antibody against DEN in vitro was also protective in vivo, the K562-SCID mice were challenged with DEN-2 and received antibody administration at the same time or 1 day earlier. Our results revealed that the antibody-treated mice exhibited a reduction in mortality and a delay of paralysis onset after DEN infection. In contrast to K562-SCID, the persistently DEN-infected K562 cells generated in vitro invariably failed to be implanted in the mice. It seems that in the early stage of implantation, a gamma interferon activated, nitric oxide-mediated anti-DEN effect might play a role in the innate immunity against DEN-infected cells. The system described herein offers an opportunity to explore DEN replication in vivo and to test various antiviral protocols in infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lin YL, Chen LK, Liao CL, Yeh CT, Ma SH, Chen JL, Huang YL, Chen SS, Chiang HY. DNA immunization with Japanese encephalitis virus nonstructural protein NS1 elicits protective immunity in mice. J Virol 1998; 72:191-200. [PMID: 9420215 PMCID: PMC109364 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.1.191-200.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1997] [Accepted: 10/01/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a zoonotic pathogen that is prevalent in some Southeast Asian countries and causes acute encephalitis in humans. To evaluate the potential application of gene immunization to JEV infection, we characterized the immune responses from mice intramuscularly injected with plasmid DNA encoding JEV glycoproteins, including the precursor membrane (prM) plus envelope (E) proteins and the nonstructural protein NS1. When injected with the plasmid expressing prM plus E, 70% of the immunized mice survived after a lethal JEV challenge, whereas when immunized with the plasmid expressing NS1, 90% of the mice survived after a lethal challenge. As a control, the mice immunized with the DNA vector pcDNA3 showed a low level (40%) of protection, suggesting a nonspecific adjuvant effect of the plasmid DNA. Despite having no detectable neutralizing activity, the NS1 immunization elicited a strong antibody response exhibiting cytolytic activity against JEV-infected cells in a complement-dependent manner. By contrast, immunization with a construct expressing a longer NS1 protein (NS1'), containing an extra 60-amino-acid portion from the N terminus of NS2A, failed to protect mice against a lethal challenge. Biochemical analyses revealed that when individually expressed, NS1 but not NS1' could be readily secreted as a homodimer in large quantity and could also be efficiently expressed on the cell surface. Interestingly, when NS1 and NS1' coexisted in cells, the level of NS1 cell surface expression was much lower than that in cells expressing NS1 alone. These data imply that the presence of partial NS2A might have a negative influence on an NS1-based DNA vaccine. The results herein clearly illustrate that immunization with DNA expressing NS1 alone is sufficient to protect mice against a lethal JEV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Liao CL, Lin YL, Wang JJ, Huang YL, Yeh CT, Ma SH, Chen LK. Effect of enforced expression of human bcl-2 on Japanese encephalitis virus-induced apoptosis in cultured cells. J Virol 1997; 71:5963-71. [PMID: 9223486 PMCID: PMC191852 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.8.5963-5971.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes acute encephalitis in humans and induces severe cytopathic effects in different types of cultured cells. This study attempted to determine whether apoptosis contributes to virus-induced cell death in a culture system by characterizing JEV lytic infection in baby hamster kidney BHK-21 cells, murine neuroblastoma N18 cells, and human neuronal progenitor NT2 cells. According to our results, the replication of JEV, and not the UV-inactivated virions per se, triggered apoptosis in these cell lines, as evidenced by nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation ladder, and in situ end labeling of DNA strand breaks with terminal transferase (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay). Different strains of JEV, regardless of whether they are neurovirulent to mice, could induce apoptosis of the infected cells. In addition, enforced expression of the human protooncogene bcl-2 in BHK-21 cells, which did not influence virus production, appeared to delay the process of JEV-induced apoptosis, despite the fact that most infected cells were inevitably killed after prolonged cultures. However, Bcl-2 proteins expressed in N18 cells failed to block JEV-induced apoptosis, although they did prevent Sindbis virus-induced apoptosis from occurring in the same cells. This finding suggests that these two viruses may utilize similar but not identical mechanisms to kill their infected cells. The results presented here thus demonstrate that apoptosis can be a general mechanism for JEV-induced cell death and that enforced bcl-2 expression may be inadequate in protecting all cell types from JEV-induced apoptosis in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Liao
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lin YL, Huang YL, Ma SH, Yeh CT, Chiou SY, Chen LK, Liao CL. Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection by nitric oxide: antiviral effect of nitric oxide on RNA virus replication. J Virol 1997; 71:5227-35. [PMID: 9188590 PMCID: PMC191758 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.7.5227-5235.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral effects of nitric oxide (NO) on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, were investigated in this study. In vitro, inhibition of replication of JEV in gamma interferon-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was correlated to cellular NO production. When cocultured with infected murine neuroblastoma N18 cells, gamma interferon-activated RAW 264.7 cells also efficiently hindered JEV replication in contiguous bystanders, and this anti-JEV effect could be reversed by an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate. In vivo, the mortality rate increased as the NOS activity of JEV-infected mice was inhibited by its competitive inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Moreover, when an organic donor, S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was used, the NO-mediated antiviral effect was also observed in primarily JEV-infected N18, human neuronal NT-2, and BHK-21 cells, as well as in persistently JEV-infected C2-2 cells. These data reaffirm that NO has an effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against diversified intracellular pathogens. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of NO was not enhanced by treatment of N18 cells with SNAP prior to JEV infection, a measure which has been shown to greatly increase the antiviral effect of NO in infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. From biochemical analysis of the impact of NO on JEV replication in cell culture, NO was found to profoundly inhibit viral RNA synthesis, viral protein accumulation, and virus release from infected cells. The results herein thus suggest that NO may play a crucial role in the innate immunity of the host to restrict the initial stage of JEV infection in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen LK, Liao CL, Lin CG, Lai SC, Liu CI, Ma SH, Huang YY, Lin YL. Persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus is associated with abnormal expression of the nonstructural protein NS1 in host cells. Virology 1996; 217:220-9. [PMID: 8599206 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Persistent infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was established in murine neuroblastoma N18 cells, and the persistency has been maintained in cell culture for over 6 months. From the persistently infected cells, a clone named C2-2 was selected and expanded to form a stable cell line. The vast majority of C2-2 cells showed viral protein staining by immunofluorescence and continuously produced low levels of virus (10(3) to 10(4) PFU/ml) without marked cytopathic effects or cyclic variations. In addition to the wild-type viral proteins, truncated forms of the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) as well as its derivative NS1' were produced in C2-2 cells. Both truncated NS1 and NS1' contain deletions at their N-termini; however, the analyses by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of the viral RNA failed to detect any truncations or mutations within the NS1 region, suggesting that NS1 truncation was a result of a unique posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of NS1 in the persistently infected cells. Similar but not identical truncation of NS1 was also observed in two other persistently infected cell lines established in Vero and DBT (murine astrocytoma) cells. However, viruses released from C2-2 cells did not produce truncated NS1 upon infection of N18 cells, suggesting that NS1 truncations were the result of virus-cell interaction in persistently infected cells. These data indicate a strong association between abnormal NS1 expression and JEV persistency. A probable involvement of dysfunctional NS1 in the establishment and/or maintenance of JEV persistency in tissue culture is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ma SH, Lin YL, Huang YY, Liu CI, Chen SS, Chiang HY, Chen LK. Generation and characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus specific monoclonal antibodies. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1995; 28:128-38. [PMID: 9774991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specifically against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were generated by fusion of immunized mouse spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cells. Nakayama-NIH (Na) and three Taiwan local strains of JEV, i.e., TL isolated from a patient's brain in 1965, NT109 (JE7) isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in 1985, and RP9, a plaque purified clone of NT109, were used in the immunization. The specificities of moAbs were determined by immunoprecipitation and western blotting, using JEV-infected cell lysates. They were confirmed by the same methods using recombinant JEV proteins as antigens. From Na immunization, 4 anti-E, 3 anti-NS1 and 3 anti-NS3 moAbs were generated. Seventeen anti-E, three anti-NS1 and three anti-NS3 specific moAbs were generated from mice immunized with Taiwan local JEV strains. Overall 21 anti-E, 6 anti-NS1, and 6 anti-NS3 moAbs were produced and characterized. The isotypes of these moAbs were also determined and described. Interestingly, a majority of the moAbs generated for RP9 were IgG1 isotype. In conclusion, 33 moAbs specific to JEV were generated and characterized, and some of these anti-JEV moAbs were made against Taiwan local isolates. These moAbs provide a powerful tool to study JEV, especially the antigenic properties of Taiwan's local strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ma
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
The anterior cavernous sinus space is the venous space anterior to the cavernous carotid artery. It is tetrahedral in shape with the anterior apex at the superior orbital fissure. The superomedial wall is formed by the base of the anterior clinoid process. The inferomedial wall is formed by the sphenoid bone. The lateral wall consists of two layers of dura with the oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducens nerves in the inner layer. Medially, the posterior wall consists of the cavernous carotid artery. Laterally, it communicates with the lateral cavernous sinus space. Paraclinoid and carotid cave aneurysms may occupy this space and its microanatomy is important in the surgery of these aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadasivan
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurological Surgery, Detroit, Michigan
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Chen JD, Yang ZY, Ma SH, Zhen YC. The effects of actinidia sinensis planch (kiwi) drink supplementation on athletes training in hot environments. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1990; 30:181-4. [PMID: 2402139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of studying the problems and experimental data of athletes training in hot environments, we designed an athletic drink choosing actinidia sinensis planch (ASP), also known as kiwi fruit, as the basic component, and assessed its effects in athletes both at site of training and in the laboratory. The main results were as follows: (1) In athletes riding on a Monark ergometer (maintaining HR at 150 beat/min), the work time to exhaustion was longer (149 +/- 3 min vs 120 +/- 1 min), and the work load was larger (947 +/- 36 KJ vs 833 +/- 28 KJ) when supplementing the ASP drik than when they drank the placebo, P less than 0.01) (2) Supplements with the ASP drink expanded the blood volume of athletes. Hematocrit increased significantly after exercise in athletes consuming placebo, but no significant changes were found in those consuming the ASP drink. (3) The ASP drink which contained 5% carbohydrate maintained the blood glucose concentration of athletes at a normal level even when training lasted more than 2.5 hours and without noticeable effect on plasma insulin levels. (4) Supplement of small amount of multi-minerals in the ASP drink helped to decrease the mineral level changes in serum and sweat after intensive training, but it did not cause kaliemia or affect urinary output. (5) Data on urinary vitamin C content indicated that the vitamin C status of athletes supplementing the ASP drink improved. The ASP drink is not only effective but also fragrant, tasty, refreshing and thirst quenching, and it appears to have no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Chen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Medical University, China
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Ma SH. [Infusion of sclerosant through direct cannulation of the coronary vein in the prevention and treatment of esophageal varices bleeding in portal hypertension]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1989; 27:105-6, 126. [PMID: 2789126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To control bleeding from esophageal varices in portal hypertension, infusion of sclerosant through direct cannulation of the coronary vein at splenectomy was carried out in 50 patients, either as an emergent procedure or during bleeding interval. In all cases complete obliteration of the varices was revealed by coronary venography after the infusion. Prompt control of bleeding was obtained in 94% of patients. Three Child C grade patients died within one month postoperatively. Rebleeding occurred in only 6.7% during a follow-up of 1-4 years (an average of 36.4 months). One, two, and three year complication-free survival rate was 97.5%, 95.6%, and 93.5% respectively. The procedure is thus considered satisfactory and recommendable.
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Abstract
Eight cases of stroke in children treated with surgery are reported. Four of the patients had Moya-moya disease and presented with TIA. They were treated by surgically creating collaterals through the STA-MCA bypass, encephalomyosyangiosis and encephalomyoarteriosynangiosis operations. Three patients with traumatic or idiopathic carotid artery stenosis or occlusion presented with TIA and were treated with STA-MCA bypass. One patient with idiopathic carotid artery stenosis presented with a complaint of a continuous swishing noise in the ear and had a STA-MCA bypass followed by carotid artery ligation. Although stroke in children is usually secondary to systemic disease, there is a group of children with surgically treatable disease who need to be identified and treated. The potential benefit of surgery may depend on the promptness with which a definitive diagnosis is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Ausman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital Division, Detroit, Michigan
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Ma SH, Fa YH. [Microbial reduction of C20-keto of corticosteroids by Arthrobacter 9-2. II. Bioconversion of 3 beta,17 alpha,21-triol-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1987; 27:73-7. [PMID: 3630139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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