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Casale TB, Chipps BE, Rosén K, Trzaskoma B, Haselkorn T, Omachi TA, Greenberg S, Hanania NA. Response to omalizumab using patient enrichment criteria from trials of novel biologics in asthma. Allergy 2018; 73:490-497. [PMID: 28859263 PMCID: PMC5813202 DOI: 10.1111/all.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent efficacy studies of asthma biologics have included highly enriched patient populations. Using a similar approach, we examined factors that predict response to omalizumab to facilitate selection of patients most likely to derive the greatest clinical benefit from therapy. Methods Data from two phase III clinical trials of omalizumab in patients with allergic asthma were examined. Differences in rates of asthma exacerbations between omalizumab and placebo groups during the 16‐week inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose‐stable phase were evaluated with respect to baseline blood eosinophil counts (eosinophils <300/μL [low] vs ≥300/μL [high]) and baseline markers of asthma severity (emergency asthma treatment in prior year, asthma hospitalization in prior year, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1; FEV1 <65% vs ≥65% predicted], inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate dose [<600 vs ≥600 μg/day], and long‐acting beta‐agonist [LABA] use [yes/no]). Results Adults/adolescents (N = 1071) were randomized to receive either omalizumab (n = 542) or placebo (n = 529). In the 16‐week ICS dose‐stable phase, rates of exacerbations requiring ≥3 days of systemic corticosteroid treatment were 0.066 and 0.147 with omalizumab and placebo, respectively, representing a relative rate reduction in omalizumab‐treated patients of 55% (95% CI, 32%‐70%; P = .002). For patients with eosinophils ≥300/μL or with more severe asthma, this rate reduction was significantly more pronounced. Conclusion In patients with allergic asthma, baseline blood eosinophil levels and/or clinical markers of asthma severity predict response to omalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - B. E. Chipps
- Capital Allergy & Respiratory Disease Center; Sacramento CA USA
| | - K. Rosén
- Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Greenberg
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; East Hanover NJ USA
- Department of Medicine; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - N. A. Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Asthma Clinical Research Center; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
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Casale TB, Cole J, Beck E, Vogelmeier CF, Willers J, Lassen C, Hammann-Haenni A, Trokan L, Saudan P, Wechsler ME. CYT003, a TLR9 agonist, in persistent allergic asthma - a randomized placebo-controlled Phase 2b study. Allergy 2015; 70:1160-8. [PMID: 26042362 DOI: 10.1111/all.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment options are required for patients with asthma not sufficiently controlled with inhaled therapies. In a Phase 2a trial, CYT003, a Toll-like receptor-9 agonist immunomodulator, improved asthma control during inhaled glucocorticosteroid reduction in patients with allergic asthma. This double-blind Phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of CYT003 in patients with persistent moderate-to-severe allergic asthma not sufficiently controlled on standard inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy with/without long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs). METHODS Overall, 365 patients received seven doses of subcutaneous CYT003 (0.3, 1, or 2 mg) or placebo as add-on therapy to conventional controller medication. Change from baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included change in forced expiratory volume, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and safety. RESULTS All groups, including placebo, showed a clinically important improvement in ACQ score; however, there was no significant difference between the CYT003 and placebo groups at week 12 (least-squares mean difference 0.3 mg: -0.027 [95% confidence interval -0.259 to 0.204]; 1 mg: 0.097 [-0.131 to 0.325]; 2 mg: 0.081 [-0.148 to 0.315]). No significant differences were seen in secondary outcomes. CYT003 was well tolerated; the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were injection site reactions. Due to lack of efficacy, the study was prematurely terminated at the end of the treatment phase with no further follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptor-9 agonism with CYT003 showed no additional benefit in patients with insufficiently controlled moderate-to-severe allergic asthma receiving standard inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy with or without LABAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - J. Cole
- IPS Research Company; Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - E. Beck
- Medical Department; Institut fuer Gesundheitsfoerderung; Ruedersdorf Brandenburg Germany
| | - C. F. Vogelmeier
- Department of Pneumology; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - J. Willers
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - C. Lassen
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - L. Trokan
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - P. Saudan
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - M. E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
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3
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Barnes PJ, Casale TB, Dahl R, Pavord ID, Wechsler ME. The Asthma Control Questionnaire as a clinical trial endpoint: past experience and recommendations for future use. Allergy 2014; 69:1119-40. [PMID: 25039248 DOI: 10.1111/all.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease according to guidelines issued by bodies such as the Global Initiative for Asthma. Effective control is dependent upon evaluation of symptoms, initiation of appropriate treatment and minimization of the progressive adverse effects of the disease and its therapies. Although individual outcome measures have been shown to correlate with asthma control, composite endpoints are preferred to enable more accurate and robust monitoring of the health of the individual patient. A number of validated instruments are utilized to capture these component endpoints; however, there is no consensus on the optimal instrument for use in clinical trials. The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) has been shown to be a valid, reliable instrument that allows accurate and reproducible assessment of asthma control that compares favourably with other commonly used instruments. This analysis provides a summary of the use of ACQ in phase II, III and IV asthma trials. Comparisons between the ACQ and other instruments are also presented. Our analysis suggests that the ACQ is a valid and robust measure for use as a primary or secondary endpoint in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Barnes
- Airway Disease Section; National Heart & Lung Institute; London UK
| | | | - R. Dahl
- Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - I. D. Pavord
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - M. E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
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4
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Bousquet J, Addis A, Adcock I, Agache I, Agusti A, Alonso A, Annesi-Maesano I, Anto JM, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bai C, Baigenzhin A, Barbara C, Barnes PJ, Bateman ED, Beck L, Bedbrook A, Bel EH, Benezet O, Bennoor KS, Benson M, Bernabeu-Wittel M, Bewick M, Bindslev-Jensen C, Blain H, Blasi F, Bonini M, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bourdin A, Bourret R, Bousquet PJ, Brightling CE, Briggs A, Brozek J, Buhl R, Bush A, Caimmi D, Calderon M, Calverley P, Camargos PA, Camuzat T, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Casale TB, Cazzola M, Cepeda Sarabia AM, Cesario A, Chen YZ, Chkhartishvili E, Chavannes NH, Chiron R, Chuchalin A, Chung KF, Cox L, Crooks G, Crooks MG, Cruz AA, Custovic A, Dahl R, Dahlen SE, De Blay F, Dedeu T, Deleanu D, Demoly P, Devillier P, Didier A, Dinh-Xuan AT, Djukanovic R, Dokic D, Douagui H, Dubakiene R, Eglin S, Elliot F, Emuzyte R, Fabbri L, Fink Wagner A, Fletcher M, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca J, Franco A, Frith P, Furber A, Gaga M, Garcés J, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gamkrelidze A, Gonzales-Diaz S, Gouzi F, Guzmán MA, Haahtela T, Harrison D, Hayot M, Heaney LG, Heinrich J, Hellings PW, Hooper J, Humbert M, Hyland M, Iaccarino G, Jakovenko D, Jardim JR, Jeandel C, Jenkins C, Johnston SL, Jonquet O, Joos G, Jung KS, Kalayci O, Karunanithi S, Keil T, Khaltaev N, Kolek V, Kowalski ML, Kull I, Kuna P, Kvedariene V, Le LT, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Louis R, MacNee W, Mair A, Majer I, Manning P, de Manuel Keenoy E, Masjedi MR, Melen E, Melo-Gomes E, Menzies-Gow A, Mercier G, Mercier J, Michel JP, Miculinic N, Mihaltan F, Milenkovic B, Molimard M, Momas I, Montilla-Santana A, Morais-Almeida M, Morgan M, N'Diaye M, Nafti S, Nekam K, Neou A, Nicod L, O'Hehir R, Ohta K, Paggiaro P, Palkonen S, Palmer S, Papadopoulos NG, Papi A, Passalacqua G, Pavord I, Pigearias B, Plavec D, Postma DS, Price D, Rabe KF, Radier Pontal F, Redon J, Rennard S, Roberts J, Robine JM, Roca J, Roche N, Rodenas F, Roggeri A, Rolland C, Rosado-Pinto J, Ryan D, Samolinski B, Sanchez-Borges M, Schünemann HJ, Sheikh A, Shields M, Siafakas N, Sibille Y, Similowski T, Small I, Sola-Morales O, Sooronbaev T, Stelmach R, Sterk PJ, Stiris T, Sud P, Tellier V, To T, Todo-Bom A, Triggiani M, Valenta R, Valero AL, Valiulis A, Valovirta E, Van Ganse E, Vandenplas O, Vasankari T, Vestbo J, Vezzani G, Viegi G, Visier L, Vogelmeier C, Vontetsianos T, Wagstaff R, Wahn U, Wallaert B, Whalley B, Wickman M, Williams DM, Wilson N, Yawn BP, Yiallouros PK, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar HJ, Zhong N, Zidarn M, Zuberbier T. Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs). Eur Respir J 2014; 44:304-23. [PMID: 24925919 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00014614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYSICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Bousquet
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France Fondation Partenariale, France
| | - A Addis
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - I Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton and Harefield NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - I Agache
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Romanian Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - A Agusti
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alonso
- Hospital Clínic/FCRB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J M Anto
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Bachert
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium ENT Dept, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - C E Baena-Cagnani
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Research Centre in Respiratory Medicine (CIMER), Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - C Bai
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Chinese Medical Association, Shanghai, China Chinese Alliance against Lung Cancer
| | - A Baigenzhin
- EuroAsian Respiratory Society, Astana City, Kazakhstan
| | - C Barbara
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action PNDR, Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases
| | - P J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton and Harefield NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - E D Bateman
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Beck
- Health Innovation Centre of Southern Denmark, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - A Bedbrook
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
| | - E H Bel
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Benezet
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - K S Bennoor
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Bangladesh Lung Foundation and National Institute of Diseases of Chest and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Benson
- Centre for Individualised Medicine, Dept of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Bernabeu-Wittel
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, Aura Andalucia, Spain Andalusian Healthcare Service, Spain
| | - M Bewick
- Deputy National Medical Director, NHS England, UK
| | - C Bindslev-Jensen
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Blain
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - F Blasi
- ERS, European Respiratory Society, University of Milan, IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonini
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Public Health and Infectious Diseases "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bonini
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Second University of Naples and Institute of Translational Medicine, Italian National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - L P Boulet
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - A Bourdin
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France INSERM, U1046, Montpellier, France
| | - R Bourret
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - P J Bousquet
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
| | - C E Brightling
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - A Briggs
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Brozek
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Depts of Clinical Epidemiology, and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Buhl
- Pulmonary Dept, III, Medical Centre, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Bush
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - D Caimmi
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
| | - M Calderon
- University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Calverley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - P A Camargos
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Pediatrics, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T Camuzat
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - G W Canonica
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino - IST- University of Genoa, Dept of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - K H Carlsen
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma NAH, National Allergy Health Programme, Norway University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Dept of Paediatrics, Oslo, Norway
| | - T B Casale
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
| | - M Cazzola
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Dept of System Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Cepeda Sarabia
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Metropolitan University, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla, Colombia SLaai, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Allergia, Asma e Immunologia
| | - A Cesario
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Y Z Chen
- National Cooperative Group of Paediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking and Center for Asthma Research and Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - E Chkhartishvili
- Chachava Clinic, David Tvildiani Medical University-AIETI Medical School, Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N H Chavannes
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma IPCRG, International Primary Care Respiratory Group Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Chiron
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
| | - A Chuchalin
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) Pulmonology Research Institute and Russian Respiratory Society, Moscow, Russia
| | - K F Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton and Harefield NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - L Cox
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Nova Southeastern University Osteopathic College of Medicine, Davie, FL, USA
| | - G Crooks
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, NHS Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - M G Crooks
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - A A Cruz
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) ProAR, Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia and CNPq, Salvador, Brazil
| | - A Custovic
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Dahl
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - S E Dahlen
- CfA, The Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F De Blay
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma SFA, Société française d'Allergologie Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Dedeu
- EUREGHA, European Regions and Health Authorities, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Deleanu
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Romanian Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - P Demoly
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - P Devillier
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma UPRES, EA 220, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - A Didier
- SPLF, Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A T Dinh-Xuan
- Service de Physiologie, Paris Descartes University EA 2511, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Djukanovic
- University Southampton Faculty of Medicine and NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - D Dokic
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia
| | - H Douagui
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Service de pneumo-allergologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria
| | - R Dubakiene
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma LSACI, Lithuanian Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Eglin
- NHS R&D North West, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Elliot
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, NHS Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Emuzyte
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma LSACI, Lithuanian Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L Fabbri
- Dept of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Fink Wagner
- GAAPP, Global Allergy and Asthma Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fletcher
- GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) Education for Health, Warwick, UK
| | - W J Fokkens
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands European Rhinology Society
| | - J Fonseca
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma PNDR, Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases Porto Age-Up Consortium, Porto, Portugal Dept of Health Information and Decision Sciences and CINTESIS, Porto University Medical School, Allergy, Hospital S. Joao and Instituto and Hospital CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Franco
- Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - P Frith
- Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Furber
- Director of Public Health, Wakefield Council, Wakefield, UK
| | - M Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept and Asthma Centre, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - J Garcés
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, Valencia, Spain Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Garcia-Aymerich
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gamkrelidze
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S Gonzales-Diaz
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma SLaai, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Allergia, Asma e Immunologia
| | - F Gouzi
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France INSERM, U1046, Montpellier, France
| | - M A Guzmán
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Immunology and Allergology Division, Dept of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Haahtela
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Harrison
- Director of Public Health for Blackburn with Darwen, Blackburn, UK
| | - M Hayot
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - L G Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Heinrich
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy
| | - P W Hellings
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Hooper
- Director of Public Health for Kirklees, Huddersfield, UK
| | - M Humbert
- SPLF, Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française
| | - M Hyland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - G Iaccarino
- EIP on AHA Reference Site, Regione-Campania, Italy Dept of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - D Jakovenko
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - J R Jardim
- Respiratory Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina of Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Jeandel
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - C Jenkins
- The George Institute for Global Health and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S L Johnston
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Jonquet
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - G Joos
- Dept Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - K S Jung
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - O Kalayci
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology GARD-Turkey, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), Turkey Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Paediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - T Keil
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Khaltaev
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO)
| | - V Kolek
- CARO, Czech Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
| | - M L Kowalski
- Dept Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - I Kull
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Kuna
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) Polastma, Poland Dept of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - V Kvedariene
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology LSACI, Lithuanian Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Pulmonology and Allergology Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L T Le
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - K C Lodrup Carlsen
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma NAH, National Allergy Health Programme, Norway University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Dept of Paediatrics, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Louis
- CHU Liege, GIGA I Research Center, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - W MacNee
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Mair
- Directorate of Finance, eHealth and Pharmaceuticals, Scottish Government Health Dept, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Majer
- University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Manning
- Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Medical School) Bon Secours Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E de Manuel Keenoy
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site Kronikgune, Basque Region, Spain
| | - M R Masjedi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Melen
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Melo-Gomes
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action PNDR, Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases
| | | | - G Mercier
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - J Mercier
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - J P Michel
- Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Miculinic
- University Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Jordanovac, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Mihaltan
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Romanian Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases Institute of Pneumology Marius Nasta, Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Milenkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Serbian Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases Association for Asthma and COPD in Serbia
| | | | - I Momas
- Paris Descartes University, Dept of Public Health and Biostatistics, EA 4064 and Paris Municipal, Dept of Social Action, Childhood and Health, Paris, France
| | - A Montilla-Santana
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, Aura Andalucia, Spain
| | - M Morais-Almeida
- Immunoallergy Dept, Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal SPAIC, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal
| | - M Morgan
- Respiratory National Clinical Director, NHS England, UK
| | - M N'Diaye
- Service de Médecine Interne et Pathologies Professionnelles, Hôpital Polyclinique de Dakar (IHS), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - S Nafti
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Mustapha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - K Nekam
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Hospital of the Hospitaller Brothers in Buda, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Neou
- GALEN, Global Allergy and Asthma European Network Charité University Hospital, Allergy Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nicod
- Service de Pneumologie, 1011 CHUV-Lausanne, Lausanne, Switerland
| | - R O'Hehir
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Ohta
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital and Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Paggiaro
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Dept, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Palkonen
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EFA, European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases patients' association
| | - S Palmer
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), University of York, York, UK
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Allergy Dept, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Papi
- Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino - IST- University of Genoa, Dept of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Pavord
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - D Plavec
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - D S Postma
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy University of Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Price
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma IPCRG, International Primary Care Respiratory Group Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - K F Rabe
- Christian Albrechts University Kiel, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - F Radier Pontal
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - J Redon
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, CIBERObn, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rennard
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J Roberts
- Respiratory Nurse Consultant, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - J M Robine
- MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France INSERM, U710 and 988, Montpellier, France
| | - J Roca
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Roche
- Pneumologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin - Site Val de Grâce, Université Paris Descartes and SPLF, Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française, Paris, France
| | - F Rodenas
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Reference Site, Valencia, Spain Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Roggeri
- Arcispedale, S.Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C Rolland
- Association Asthme et Allergies, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - J Rosado-Pinto
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action PNDR, Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO)
| | - D Ryan
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma IPCRG, International Primary Care Respiratory Group Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, UK Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Samolinski
- EIP on AHA, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, B3 Commitment for Action Dept of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Dept of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Sanchez-Borges
- Dept of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - H J Schünemann
- Depts of Clinical Epidemiology, and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Sheikh
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Shields
- Child Health, Queen's University Belfast and Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - N Siafakas
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Y Sibille
- University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - T Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), Paris, France Fonds de Dotation Recherche en Santé Respiratoire - Fondation du Souffle, Paris, France
| | - I Small
- National Advisory Group, Respiratory Managed Clinical Networks in Scotland
| | - O Sola-Morales
- HITT, Health Institute for Technology Transfer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Sooronbaev
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) EuroAsian Respiratory Society, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan National Centre Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - R Stelmach
- Pulmonary Division, InCor (Heart Institute), Hospital da Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P J Sterk
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Stiris
- Dept of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP-UEMS)
| | - P Sud
- Regional Medical Manager (North), NHS England, UK
| | - V Tellier
- Observatoire wallon de la santé, Direction générale opérationnelle Pouvoirs locaux, action sociale et Santé, Service public de Wallonie, Belgium
| | - T To
- GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO)
| | - A Todo-Bom
- Immunoallergy Dept, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Triggiani
- Dept of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Valenta
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Dept of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A L Valero
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Valiulis
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma LSACI, Lithuanian Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP-UEMS) LACRD, Lithuanian National Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases
| | - E Valovirta
- Dept of Lung Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - E Van Ganse
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit and Respiratory Medicine, CHU-Lyon and UMR CNRS 5558, Claude-Bernard University Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - O Vandenplas
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma INSERM, UMR_S 1158 "Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique", Paris, France
| | | | - J Vestbo
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Dept of Respiratory Medicine J, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - G Vezzani
- EIP on AHA B3 Action Group (Delivering Integrated Care Models), Regional Agency for Health and Social Care, Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova/IRCCS, Research Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Viegi
- CNR, Institutes of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Palermo, and of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - L Visier
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Fighting Chronic Diseases for Healthy Ageing, Région Languedoc Roussillon, France UM1, University 1, Montpellier, France
| | - C Vogelmeier
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | | | - R Wagstaff
- Acting Director of Public Health, Cumbria County Council, Carlisle, UK
| | - U Wahn
- Charité University Hospital, Allergy Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Wallaert
- SFA, Société française d'Allergologie Hôpital Albert Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - B Whalley
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Wickman
- MeDALL, Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D M Williams
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Wilson
- North of England EU Health Partnership, UK
| | - B P Yawn
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Olmsted Medical Center, Dept of Research and University of Minnesota, Dept of Family and Community Health, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P K Yiallouros
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in Association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - A Yorgancioglu
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma GARD-Turkey, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), Turkey
| | - O M Yusuf
- GARD, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO) The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Pakistan
| | - H J Zar
- Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Zidarn
- ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - T Zuberbier
- GALEN, Global Allergy and Asthma European Network Charité University Hospital, Allergy Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Watz H, Kerwin EM, Pedinoff A, Casale TB, Gallagher N, Martin C, Banerji D, Lu Y, Overend T. NVA237 einmal täglich verringert die Zahl an COPD Exazerbationen in vergleichbarem Maße wie Tiotropium: die GLOW2 Studie. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Samolinski B, Demoly P, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bachert C, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bousquet PJ, Brozek JL, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Cruz AA, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca JA, van Wijk RG, Grouse L, Haahtela T, Khaltaev N, Kuna P, Lockey RF, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Palkonen S, Papadopoulos NG, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Price D, Ryan D, Simons FER, Togias A, Williams D, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Aberer W, Adachi M, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Akdis CA, Andrianarisoa A, Annesi-Maesano I, Ansotegui IJ, Baiardini I, Bateman ED, Bedbrook A, Beghé B, Beji M, Bel EH, Ben Kheder A, Bennoor KS, Bergmann KC, Berrissoul F, Bieber T, Bindslev Jensen C, Blaiss MS, Boner AL, Bouchard J, Braido F, Brightling CE, Bush A, Caballero F, Calderon MA, Calvo MA, Camargos PAM, Caraballo LR, Carlsen KH, Carr W, Cepeda AM, Cesario A, Chavannes NH, Chen YZ, Chiriac AM, Chivato Pérez T, Chkhartishvili E, Ciprandi G, Costa DJ, Cox L, Custovic A, Dahl R, Darsow U, De Blay F, Deleanu D, Denburg JA, Devillier P, Didi T, Dokic D, Dolen WK, Douagui H, Dubakiene R, Durham SR, Dykewicz MS, El-Gamal Y, El-Meziane A, Emuzyte R, Fiocchi A, Fletcher M, Fukuda T, Gamkrelidze A, Gereda JE, González Diaz S, Gotua M, Guzmán MA, Hellings PW, Hellquist-Dahl B, Horak F, Hourihane JO, Howarth P, Humbert M, Ivancevich JC, Jackson C, Just J, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kalyoncu AF, Keil T, Keith PK, Khayat G, Kim YY, Koffi N'goran B, Koppelman GH, Kowalski ML, Kull I, Kvedariene V, Larenas-Linnemann D, Le LT, Lemière C, Li J, Lieberman P, Lipworth B, Mahboub B, Makela MJ, Martin F, Marshall GD, Martinez FD, Masjedi MR, Maurer M, Mavale-Manuel S, Mazon A, Melen E, Meltzer EO, Mendez NH, Merk H, Mihaltan F, Mohammad Y, Morais-Almeida M, Muraro A, Nafti S, Namazova-Baranova L, Nekam K, Neou A, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Nyembue TD, Okamoto Y, Okubo K, Orru MP, Ouedraogo S, Ozdemir C, Panzner P, Pali-Schöll I, Park HS, Pigearias B, Pohl W, Popov TA, Postma DS, Potter P, Rabe KF, Ratomaharo J, Reitamo S, Ring J, Roberts R, Rogala B, Romano A, Roman Rodriguez M, Rosado-Pinto J, Rosenwasser L, Rottem M, Sanchez-Borges M, Scadding GK, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Sheikh A, Sisul JC, Solé D, Sooronbaev T, Spicak V, Spranger O, Stein RT, Stoloff SW, Sunyer J, Szczeklik A, Todo-Bom A, Toskala E, Tremblay Y, Valenta R, Valero AL, Valeyre D, Valiulis A, Valovirta E, Van Cauwenberge P, Vandenplas O, van Weel C, Vichyanond P, Viegi G, Wang DY, Wickman M, Wöhrl S, Wright J, Yawn BP, Yiallouros PK, Zar HJ, Zernotti ME, Zhong N, Zidarn M, Zuberbier T, Burney PG, Johnston SL, Warner JO. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1049-62. [PMID: 23040884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children.
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7
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Demoly P, Schünemann HJ, Togias A, Akdis M, Auffray C, Bachert C, Bieber T, Bousquet PJ, Carlsen KH, Casale TB, Cruz AA, Keil T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Maurer M, Ohta K, Papadopoulos NG, Roman Rodriguez M, Samolinski B, Agache I, Andrianarisoa A, Ang CS, Annesi-Maesano I, Ballester F, Baena-Cagnani CE, Basagaña X, Bateman ED, Bel EH, Bedbrook A, Beghé B, Beji M, Ben Kheder A, Benet M, Bennoor KS, Bergmann KC, Berrissoul F, Bindslev Jensen C, Bleecker ER, Bonini S, Boner AL, Boulet LP, Brightling CE, Brozek JL, Bush A, Busse WW, Camargos PAM, Canonica GW, Carr W, Cesario A, Chen YZ, Chiriac AM, Costa DJ, Cox L, Custovic A, Dahl R, Darsow U, Didi T, Dolen WK, Douagui H, Dubakiene R, El-Meziane A, Fonseca JA, Fokkens WJ, Fthenou E, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gerth van Wijk R, Gimeno-Santos E, Guerra S, Haahtela T, Haddad H, Hellings PW, Hellquist-Dahl B, Hohmann C, Howarth P, Hourihane JO, Humbert M, Jacquemin B, Just J, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kauffmann F, Kerkhof M, Khayat G, Koffi N'Goran B, Kogevinas M, Koppelman GH, Kowalski ML, Kull I, Kuna P, Larenas D, Lavi I, Le LT, Lieberman P, Lipworth B, Mahboub B, Makela MJ, Martin F, Martinez FD, Marshall GD, Mazon A, Melen E, Meltzer EO, Mihaltan F, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi A, Momas I, Morais-Almeida M, Mullol J, Muraro A, Naclerio R, Nafti S, Namazova-Baranova L, Nawijn MC, Nyembue TD, Oddie S, O'Hehir RE, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Ozdemir C, Ouedraogo GS, Palkonen S, Panzner P, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Pigearias B, Pin I, Pinart M, Pison C, Popov TA, Porta D, Postma DS, Price D, Rabe KF, Ratomaharo J, Reitamo S, Rezagui D, Ring J, Roberts R, Roca J, Rogala B, Romano A, Rosado-Pinto J, Ryan D, Sanchez-Borges M, Scadding GK, Sheikh A, Simons FER, Siroux V, Schmid-Grendelmeier PD, Smit HA, Sooronbaev T, Stein RT, Sterk PJ, Sunyer J, Terreehorst I, Toskala E, Tremblay Y, Valenta R, Valeyre D, Vandenplas O, van Weel C, Vassilaki M, Varraso R, Viegi G, Wang DY, Wickman M, Williams D, Wöhrl S, Wright J, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar HJ, Zernotti ME, Zidarn M, Zhong N, Zuberbier T. Severe chronic allergic (and related) diseases: a uniform approach--a MeDALL--GA2LEN--ARIA position paper. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:216-31. [PMID: 22382913 DOI: 10.1159/000332924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Papadopoulos NG, Arakawa H, Carlsen KH, Custovic A, Gern J, Lemanske R, Le Souef P, Mäkelä M, Roberts G, Wong G, Zar H, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, Baraldi E, van Bever HP, de Blic J, Boner A, Burks W, Casale TB, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Chen YZ, El-Gamal YM, Everard ML, Frischer T, Geller M, Gereda J, Goh DY, Guilbert TW, Hedlin G, Heymann PW, Hong SJ, Hossny EM, Huang JL, Jackson DJ, de Jongste JC, Kalayci O, Aït-Khaled N, Kling S, Kuna P, Lau S, Ledford DK, Lee SI, Liu AH, Lockey RF, Lødrup-Carlsen K, Lötvall J, Morikawa A, Nieto A, Paramesh H, Pawankar R, Pohunek P, Pongracic J, Price D, Robertson C, Rosario N, Rossenwasser LJ, Sly PD, Stein R, Stick S, Szefler S, Taussig LM, Valovirta E, Vichyanond P, Wallace D, Weinberg E, Wennergren G, Wildhaber J, Zeiger RS. International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy 2012; 67:976-97. [PMID: 22702533 PMCID: PMC4442800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re-evaluate and fine-tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype-specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Papadopoulos
- Department of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Yorgancıoğlu A, Özdemir C, Kalaycı Ö, Kalyoncu AF, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Casale TB, Chen YZ, Cruz AA, Demoly P, Fokkens WJ, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Ohta K, Papadopoulos NG, Pawankar R, Samolinski B, Schünemann HJ, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Bousquet J. [ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) achievements in 10 years and future needs]. Tuberk Toraks 2012; 60:92-7. [PMID: 22554377 DOI: 10.5578/tt.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently co-exist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999 and was published in 2001. ARIA has reclassified allergic rhinitis as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification schema closely reflects the impact of allergic rhinitis on patients. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma co-morbidities based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). ARIA has been disseminated and implemented in over 50 countries of the world. In Turkey, it is important to make a record of ARIA achievements and to identify the still unmet clinical, research and implementation needs in order to strengthen the 2011 EU Priority on allergy and asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yorgancıoğlu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
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10
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Lötvall J, Pawankar R, Wallace DV, Akdis CA, Rosenwasser LJ, Weber RW, Wesley Burks A, Casale TB, Lockey RF, Papadopoulos NG, Fineman SM, Ledford DK. We call for iCAALL: International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology. Allergy 2012; 67:449-50. [PMID: 22414196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre; University of Gothenburg; Göteborg; Sweden
| | - R. Pawankar
- Department of Otolaryngology; Nippon Medical School; Yayoi; Tokyo; Japan
| | - D. V. Wallace
- Nova Southeastern University; Ft Lauderdale; FL; USA
| | - C. A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos; Switzerland
| | | | | | - A. Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill; NC; USA
| | | | - R. F. Lockey
- Division of Allergy/Immunology; University of South Florida; Tampa; FL; USA
| | - N. G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic; University of Athens; Athens; Greece
| | - S. M. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta; GA; USA
| | - D. K. Ledford
- Division of Allergy/Immunology; University of South Florida; Tampa; FL; USA
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11
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Bousquet J, Heinzerling L, Bachert C, Papadopoulos NG, Bousquet PJ, Burney PG, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Cox L, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Price D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Wickman M, Annesi-Maesano I, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bergmann KC, Bindslev-Jensen C, Casale TB, Chiriac A, Cruz AA, Dubakiene R, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Gerth-van-Wijk R, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Mari A, Mullol J, Nazamova-Baranova L, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Panzner P, Passalacqua G, Ring J, Rogala B, Romano A, Ryan D, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Todo-Bom A, Valenta R, Woehrl S, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Demoly P. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy 2012; 67:18-24. [PMID: 22050279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis-conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including 'practicing allergists', general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in-depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA(2) LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
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12
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Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Bousquet PJ, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Durham S, Carlsen KH, Malling HJ, Passalacqua G, Simons FER, Anto J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bergmann KC, Bieber T, Briggs AH, Brozek J, Calderon MA, Dahl R, Devillier P, Gerth van Wijk R, Howarth P, Larenas D, Papadopoulos NG, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Zuberbier T. How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA(2) LEN statement. Allergy 2011; 66:765-74. [PMID: 21496059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is one of the treatments for allergic rhinitis. However, for allergists, nonspecialists, regulators, payers, and patients, there remain gaps in understanding the evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although treating the same diseases, RCTs in SIT and pharmacotherapy should be considered separately for several reasons, as developed in this study. These include the severity and persistence of allergic rhinitis in the patients enrolled in the study, the problem of the placebo, allergen exposure (in particular pollen and mite), the analysis and reporting of the study, the level of symptoms of placebo-treated patients, the clinical relevance of the efficacy of SIT, the need for a validated combined symptom-medication score, the differences between children and adults and pharmacoeconomic analyses. This statement reviews issues raised by the interpretation of RCTs in sublingual immunotherapy. It is not possible to directly extrapolate the rules or parameters used in medication RCTs to SIT. It also provides some suggestions for the research that will be needed. Interestingly, some of the research questions can be approached with the available data obtained from large RCTs.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Sublingual
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Allergens/administration & dosage
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mites/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Quality of Life
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Severity of Illness Index
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, Boulet LP, Boushey НA, Busse WW, Casale TB, Chanez P, Enright PL, Gibson PG, De Jongste JC, M. Kerstjens HA, Lazarus SC, Levy ML, O’Byrne PM, Partridge MR, Pavord ID, Sears MR, Sterk PJ, Stoloff SW, Sullivan SD, Szefler SJ, Thomas MD, Wenzel SE. AN OFFICIAL AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY / EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY STATEMENT: ASTHMA CONTROL AND EXACERBATIONS: STANDARDIZING ENDPOINTS FOR CLINICAL ASTHMA TRIALS AND CLINICAL PRACTICE. PART 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-2-9-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Zuberbier T, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bousquet PJ, Brozek J, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, Ohta K, Bateman ED, Calderon M, Cruz AA, Dolen WK, Haughney J, Lockey RF, Lötvall J, O'Byrne P, Spranger O, Togias A, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chavannes NH, Delgado L, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca J, Haahtela T, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Larenas-Linnemann D, Li J, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O'Hehir RE, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Rabe KF, Pawankar R, Ryan D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Valovirta E, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Annesi-Maesano I, Beghe B, Ben Kheder A, Blaiss MS, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney PG, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chen Y, Chuchalin AG, Costa DJ, Custovic A, Dahl R, Denburg J, Douagui H, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Kaliner MA, Keith PK, Kim YY, Klossek JM, Kuna P, Le LT, Lemiere C, Lipworth B, Mahboub B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Morais-Almeida M, Motala C, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Popov TA, Price D, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Sooronbaev TM, Stoloff SW, Toskala E, van Cauwenberge P, Vandenplas O, van Weel C, Viegi G, Virchow JC, Wang DY, Wickman M, Williams D, Yawn BP, Zar HJ, Zernotti M, Zhong N. Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper. Allergy 2010; 65:1212-21. [PMID: 20887423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients’ values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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15
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16
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Taylor DR, Bateman ED, Boulet LP, Boushey HA, Busse WW, Casale TB, Chanez P, Enright PL, Gibson PG, de Jongste JC, Kerstjens HAM, Lazarus SC, Levy ML, O'Byrne PM, Partridge MR, Pavord ID, Sears MR, Sterk PJ, Stoloff SW, Szefler SJ, Sullivan SD, Thomas MD, Wenzel SE, Reddel HK. A new perspective on concepts of asthma severity and control. Eur Respir J 2009; 32:545-54. [PMID: 18757695 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00155307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Concepts of asthma severity and control are important in the evaluation of patients and their response to treatment but the terminology is not standardised and the terms are often used interchangeably. This review, arising from the work of an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task Force, identifies the need for separate concepts of control and severity, describes their evolution in asthma guidelines and provides a framework for understanding the relationship between current concepts of asthma phenotype, severity and control. "Asthma control" refers to the extent to which the manifestations of asthma have been reduced or removed by treatment. Its assessment should incorporate the dual components of current clinical control (e.g. symptoms, reliever use and lung function) and future risk (e.g. exacerbations and lung function decline). The most clinically useful concept of asthma severity is based on the intensity of treatment required to achieve good asthma control, i.e. severity is assessed during treatment. Severe asthma is defined as the requirement for (not necessarily just prescription or use of) high-intensity treatment. Asthma severity may be influenced by the underlying disease activity and by the patient's phenotype, both of which may be further described using pathological and physiological markers. These markers can also act as surrogate measures for future risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Taylor
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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17
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Schwartz LB, Delgado L, Craig T, Bonini S, Carlsen KH, Casale TB, Del Giacco S, Drobnic F, van Wijk RG, Ferrer M, Haahtela T, Henderson WR, Israel E, Lötvall J, Moreira A, Papadopoulos NG, Randolph CC, Romano A, Weiler JM. Exercise-induced hypersensitivity syndromes in recreational and competitive athletes: a PRACTALL consensus report (what the general practitioner should know about sports and allergy). Allergy 2008; 63:953-61. [PMID: 18691297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced (EI) hypersensitivity disorders are significant problems for both recreational and competitive athletes. These include EI-asthma, EI-bronchoconstriction, EI-rhinitis, EI-anaphylaxis and EI-urticaria. A group of experts from the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology met to discuss the pathogenesis of these disorders and how to diagnose and treat them, and then to develop a consensus report. Key words (exercise with asthma, bronchoconstriction, rhinitis, urticaria or anaphylaxis) were used to search Medline, the Cochrane database and related websites through February 2008 to obtain pertinent information which, along with personal reference databases and institutional experience with these disorders, were used to develop this report. The goal is to provide physicians with guidance in the diagnosis, understanding and management of EI-hypersensitivity disorders to enable their patients to safely return to exercise-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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18
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Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, Nayak A, Rowe M, Watrous M, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Racine A, Gupta N, Fick R, Della Cioppa G. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:2956-67. [PMID: 11743836 DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.23.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated disorder that produces troublesome symptoms. A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) forms complexes with free IgE, blocking its interaction with mast cells and basophils and lowering free IgE levels in the circulation. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for prophylaxis of symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 25 through November 21, 1997. SETTING Twenty-five outpatient centers throughout the United States. PATIENTS Five hundred thirty-six patients aged 12 to 75 years with at least a 2-year history of moderate to severe ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis and a baseline IgE level between 30 and 700 IU/mL. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to receive omalizumab, 50 mg (n = 137), 150 mg (n = 134), or 300 mg (n = 129), or placebo (n = 136) subcutaneously just prior to ragweed season and repeated during the pollen season every 3 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 151 to 700 IU/mL (4 total treatments) and every 4 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 30 to 150 IU/mL (3 total treatments). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-assessed daily nasal symptom severity scores (range, 0-3), rescue antihistamine use, and rhinitis-specific quality of life during the 12 weeks from the start of treatment. RESULTS Nasal symptom severity scores were significantly lower in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received placebo (least squares means, 0.75 vs 0.98, respectively; P =.002). A significant association was observed between IgE reduction and nasal symptoms and rescue antihistamine use. Rhinitis-specific quality of life scores were consistently better in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received lower dosages or placebo and did not decline during peak season. The frequency of adverse events was not significantly different among the omalizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Omalizumab decreased serum free IgE levels and provided clinical benefit in a dose-dependent fashion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Double-Blind Method
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Omalizumab
- Quality of Life
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Casale TB, Nelson HS, Stricker WE, Raff H, Newman KB. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity with inhaled flunisolide and fluticasone propionate in adult asthma patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 87:379-85. [PMID: 11730179 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a potential systemic effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy, can be quantified by monitoring serum, urinary, and salivary cortisol levels. OBJECTIVES 1) Compare the effects on HPA axis of the inhaled corticosteroids flunisolide and fluticasone propionate versus placebo and oral prednisone. 2) Estimate dose-potency ratio for HPA-axis suppression. METHODS Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, 21-day trial. Active regimens were flunisolide 500 and 1,000 microg, twice daily; fluticasone propionate 110, 220, 330, and 440 microg, twice daily; and prednisone, 7.5 mg daily. Enrolled patients were nonsmokers, 18 to 50 years of age, with persistent mild-to-moderate asthma and had not used oral, nasal, or inhaled corticosteroids for 6 months before study. Main outcome measures were area under serum cortisol concentration curve for 22 hours (AUC(0-22h)); 24-hour urinary cortisol level; and 8 AM salivary cortisol level. RESULTS One hundred fifty-three patients were randomly assigned to active treatment or placebo; 125 patients completed the study and were at least 80% compliant with their regimens. Both fluticasone propionate and flunisolide caused dose-dependent suppression of HPA axis, which was statistically greater for fluticasone propionate (P = 0.0003). Dose-potency ratio showed 4.4 times more serum-cortisol suppression/microgram increase in dose with fluticasone propionate than with flunisolide. Diurnal pattern of serum cortisol suppression was persistent with fluticasone propionate and "remitting" with flunisolide. Salivary and urinary cortisol data were qualitatively similar to serum cortisol results. CONCLUSIONS Fluticasone caused significantly more suppression of HPA axis than flunisolide. Flunisolide may provide a safe option for patients with asthma requiring long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Medicine. Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
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Abstract
Anti-immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) (omalizumab), a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that binds to circulating IgE, has been studied in several large double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to determine its pharmacokinetic characteristics, efficacy, and safety in ragweed- or birch pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The consequences of readministering omalizulab after a lapse of time have also been studied. These studies have confirmed that serum-free IgE declines in a dose-related manner with such treatment and that omalizumab-induced declines in IgE correlate with symptom improvement. Whether omalizumab is administered intravenously or subcutaneously, its pharmacokinetics do not differ. A Phase II dose-ranging study demonstrated that the optimum efficacious dose of omalizumab for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis is 300 mg administered subcutaneously. The dosing frequency, in terms of whether the antibody is administered every 3 or 4 wk, is based on the patient's baseline IgE level. With adequate dosing, nasal and ocular symptoms are significantly reduced, and quality of life is significantly improved. Omalizumab is safe and well tolerated and can be safely readministered in subsequent pollen seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
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Abstract
Current therapies for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis include allergen avoidance; pharmacologic interventions such as sympathomimetics, topical and systemic cortico-steroids, and chromones; and immunotherapy. In an attempt to create a novel therapy, therapeutic agents have been designed to inhibit IgE responses that are intimately involved in the induction of the allergic response. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE, represents a novel therapeutic intervention for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Complex formation of omalizumab with serum-free IgE reduces the amount of IgE available for binding to effector cells and thus has the potential to reduce IgE-mediated allergic symptoms. Clinical trial results confirmed that omalizumab reduces free IgE to a level that is associated with suppressed allergic symptoms, reduces concomitant rescue medication use, and improves rhinitis-specific quality of life. Patients treated with omalizumab during one pollen season can be re-treated during the subsequent season with minimal risk of adverse events. Omalizumab is non-allergen-specific and does not induce acute anaphylaxis because of the lack of IgE crosslinking with basophil- or mast-cell-bound IgE. Furthermore, subcutaneous or intravenous administration of omalizumab does not invoke the generation of anti-omalizumab antibodies. Thus, omalizumab represents a novel agent that should assist in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68231, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Center for Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Creighton University, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 5850, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We have noted several patients who had rhinitis and/or asthma symptoms when exposed to Cannabis plants in the summer months. Cannabis plants are common in the Midwest. OBJECTIVES To examine whether Cannabis might be a clinically important allergen, we determined Cannabis pollination patterns in the Omaha area for 5 years, the prevalence of skin test positivity, and the association with respiratory symptoms. METHODS Airborne Cannabis (and other weed) pollens were collected using a Rotorod air impactor, and pollen counts were done using a standardized protocol. RESULTS Measurable Cannabis pollen count was not recorded until the last 2 weeks of July. Peak pollination typically occurred during mid- to late-August, and comprised up to 36% of the total pollen counts. Cannabis pollen was not observed after mid-September. To determine the prevalence of skin test positivity, we added Cannabis to the multi-test routine skin test battery. Seventy-eight of 127 patients tested (61%) were skin test positive. Thirty of the 78 patients were randomly selected to determine if they had allergic rhinitis and/or asthma symptoms during the Cannabis pollination period. By history, 22 (73%) claimed respiratory symptoms in the July through September period. All 22 of these subjects were also skin test positive to weeds pollinating during the same period as Cannabis (ragweed, pigweed, cocklebur, Russian thistle, marsh elder, or kochia). CONCLUSIONS The strong association between skin test reactivity, respiratory symptoms, and pollination period suggests that Cannabis could be a clinically important aeroallergen for certain patients and should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Stokes
- The Asthma and Allergy Center, Papillion, Nebraska, USA
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Abstract
We have previously reported that TNF alpha's ability to induce neutrophil transendothelial and transepithelial migration was largely dependent on the generation of IL-8 by the endothelial or pulmonary epithelial cells. To further explore the interrelationship of IL-8 with TNF alpha, we examined the migration of human neutrophils through noncellular barriers in response to these cytokines alone or in combination. We directly compared neutrophil migration through 3 microns-pore size polycarbonate Transwell filters in response to 10 nM TNF alpha or either 10 nM TNF alpha or buffer plus 10(-8) to 10(-11) M IL-8. We found that the combination of TNF alpha and IL-8 induced neutrophil migration that was generally additive, and sometimes synergistic, to that of either agent alone. In conclusion, these data support the role of cytokine networking in inducing neutrophil-rich lung inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Nebraska Medical Research Institute, Papillion 68046-4796, USA
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Meltzer EO, Casale TB, Nathan RA, Thompson AK. Once-daily fexofenadine HCl improves quality of life and reduces work and activity impairment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 83:311-7. [PMID: 10541423 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fexofenadine HCl (Allegra, Telfast) is approved in the US for twice-daily dosing for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of once-daily fexofenadine HCl on patient-reported quality of life and impairment at work, in the classroom, and in daily activities due to seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. METHODS This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study included patients aged 12 to 65 years with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. Outcomes were assessed using self-administered questionnaires at baseline, week 1, and week 2. Outcome measures included change from baseline in: overall Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) score; individual RQLQ domain scores; work, classroom, and daily activity impairment measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) instrument; and ratings in 3 generic health domains from the SF-36 Health Survey. RESULTS Intent to treat efficacy analyses included 845 patients from 40 sites. Patients receiving either 120 or 180 mg QD fexofenadine HCl reported significantly greater improvement (P < or = .006) in overall RQLQ score than patients receiving placebo. Similarly, both fexofenadine treatment groups reported significantly greater reductions in overall work impairment and daily activity impairment compared with the placebo group (P < or = .004). There was a trend for improvement in classroom impairment with fexofenadine treatment, although differences from placebo were not statistically significant. Generic health measures demonstrated fexofenadine HCl treatment had a positive effect on general health. CONCLUSION Once-daily fexofenadine HCl, 120 or 180 mg, significantly improved patient-reported quality of life and reduced performance impairment in work and daily activities due to seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Meltzer
- Allergy and Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils play an important role in allergic inflammation. In vitro methods to isolate human eosinophils for the study of chemotactic responses are essential in understanding the mechanisms involved in tissue eosinophilia. OBJECTIVE We compared LTB4 and PAF-induced chemotactic responses of eosinophils isolated by the standard Percoll (positive selection) versus the magnetic cell separation systems (MACS) (negative selection) technique. METHODS Discontinuous Percoll gradients were preceded by dextran and Ficoll-Paque steps, and followed by gelatin wash and red blood cell (RBC) lysis. MACS isolation included Percoll 1.090 g/mL layering and RBC lysis; incubation with CD16 antibody conjugated to magnetic beads (to bind neutrophils); and isolation of eluate from column positioned in magnet. RESULTS Percoll-isolated eosinophils migrated to the lipid mediators, LTB4 and PAF, in a dose-responsive fashion. Although MACS isolation provided a greater number and higher purity of eosinophils, these eosinophils migrated less to LTB4 and PAF. Neither dextran sedimentation, dextran and Ficoll-Paque, nor dextran Ficoll-Paque and Percoll prior to MACS isolation reversed the decreased chemotactic responses observed with MACS isolated eosinophils. Further, Percoll-isolated eosinophils further purified with CD16 MicroBeads did not respond as well to LTB4 or PAF. CONCLUSIONS The technique used to isolate eosinophils clearly affects the chemotactic responsiveness of this cell to LTB4 and PAF. Since several in vivo studies suggest that LTB4 and PAF are eosinophil chemoattractants, Percoll isolation of these cells might be more appropriate for studies involving eosinophil chemotactic responses to these lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Nebraska Medical Research Institute, Papillion 68046-4796, USA
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McFadden ER, Casale TB, Edwards TB, Kemp JP, Metzger WJ, Nelson HS, Storms WW, Neidl MJ. Administration of budesonide once daily by means of turbuhaler to subjects with stable asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:46-52. [PMID: 10400838 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal management of chronic, mild-to-moderate asthma with inhaled steroids may include use of the lowest possible doses, as recommended in guidelines, and a reduction in the frequency of daily administration for greater convenience. Lower doses and once daily treatment with inhaled steroids must be rigorously evaluated in controlled clinical trials. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of once daily treatment with budesonide in subjects with stable asthma. METHODS Once daily budesonide was assessed in 309 adult subjects, including those who were and were not using an inhaled steroid at baseline. The subjects were stratified by inhaled steroid use and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: 200 microgram budesonide, 400 microgram budesonide, or placebo administered by means of Turbuhaler once daily in the morning for 6 weeks. Beyond this point, treatment was continued unchanged for another 12 weeks (maintenance) in those receiving 200 microgram budesonide once daily and placebo. In those who received 400 microgram budesonide once daily, the dose was reduced to 200 microgram once daily at week 6 and held constant for the remaining 12 weeks (400/200 microgram group). Primary efficacy endpoints were mean change from baseline in FEV1 and morning peak expiratory flow. RESULTS Once daily budesonide was well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements in all efficacy endpoints, even though baselines were well stabilized. Baseline lung function was elevated with little room for improvement; however, mean increases in FEV1 during the maintenance period were 0.10 L and 0.11 L in the 200 microgram and 400/200 microgram groups, respectively, versus a decrease of -0.09 L in the placebo arm (P <.001). Results for peak expiratory flow were similar. Significant improvements in secondary endpoints, including symptoms, beta-agonist use, and quality of life, also developed with budesonide 200 and 400 microgram once daily. CONCLUSION Inhaled budesonide, in doses as low as 200 microgram, may be an appropriate introductory or maintenance dose in subjects with stable, mild-to-moderate asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R McFadden
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Casale TB, Azzam SM, Miller RE, Oren J. Demonstration of therapeutic equivalence of generic and innovator beclomethasone in seasonal allergic rhinitis. SAR Study Group. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 82:435-41. [PMID: 10353573 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although generic formulations of drugs are chemically equivalent, they may not be bioequivalent to the innovator. Since bioequivalence of intranasal corticosteroids has been difficult to demonstrate by pharmacokinetic methods, clinical trials have been necessary to compare generic and innovator agents. OBJECTIVE We therefore designed a multicenter, randomized double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled study to examine the therapeutic equivalence of generic beclomethasone diproprionate to the innovator. METHODS A total of 518 patients, ages 12 to 60, with ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis from eight centers were randomized to receive intranasal generic or innovator beclomethasone 42 microg, 84 microg or placebo twice daily for 6 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by means of rhinitis symptom scores as recorded in patient diaries. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study to assess safety. RESULTS Mean rhinitis composite symptom scores (congestion, postnasal drip, runny nose, and sneezing) were significantly lower in patients receiving 42 microg (P = .0003) or 84 microg (P = .0001) beclomethasone twice daily compared with placebo. Generic beclomethasone was equivalent therapeutically to the innovator in alleviating nasal congestion (42 microg and 84 microg doses), postnasal drip (84 microg dose), runny nose (84 microg dose), sneezing (42 microg and 84 microg doses) and mean composite (42 microg and 84 microg doses) symptom scores during the 6-week study period. Similar and equivalent efficacy was also demonstrated during the 5-day period of peak pollen counts at each site. The type and incidence of drug-related adverse events were similar for both beclomethasone treatment groups and did not differ significantly from placebo in severity and frequency. CONCLUSIONS Generic beclomethasone was therapeutically equivalent to the innovator in regards to both efficacy and side effect profile in the treatment of ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis.
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Abstract
Fexofenadine HCl (Allegra, Telfast) is approved in the US for twice-daily dosing in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). A once-daily dose (already available in some countries outside the US) can improve patient compliance and health outcomes. This multicenter, placebo-controlled, 14-day US study was conducted to compare the safety and effectiveness of once-daily fexofenadine HCl with placebo in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe autumnal SAR symptoms. After a 1-week placebo lead-in, patients received 120 or 180 mg fexofenadine HCl or placebo at 8 A.M. Patients recorded SAR symptom severity scores instantaneously (for the 1 hour before medication; i.e., trough blood levels), and reflectively (for the previous 12 hours) at 8 A.M. and 8 P.M. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline in average instantaneous 8 A.M. total symptom score (TSS, the sum of individual symptom scores excluding nasal congestion). In 861 intent-to-treat patients, both fexofenadine HCl doses provided significant (p < or = 0.05) improvement in 8 A.M. instantaneous TSS compared with placebo. Similarly, both fexofenadine doses were superior to placebo for reflective TSS assessments (p < or = 0.0012). There were no statistical differences in efficacy between the two fexofenadine doses, though the 180 mg dose showed a trend toward greater symptom relief. Incidence of adverse events was similar between fexofenadine and placebo groups (30.2% and 30.0%, respectively), with headache the most frequently reported adverse event (8.9% and 7.5%, respectively). In conclusion, once-daily fexofenadine HCl, 120 or 180 mg, is safe and effective in the treatment of autumnal SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Nebraska Medical Research Institute, Papillion 68046, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To better understand the mechanisms by which cytokines induced neutrophils to migrate into the airways, we constructed a novel in vitro model system. MATERIALS Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers were grown on top of permeable filters and human lung type II-like alveolar epithelial cell (A549) monolayers were grown on the undersurface of the filters. METHODS The sequential migration of human neutrophils through the endothelium (apical to basal movement) and subsequently through the epithelium (basal to apical movement) in response to IL-1 beta or TNF alpha located basally to the epithelium was measured. RESULTS We found that IL-1 beta and TNF alpha induced dose-responsive and time-dependent migration through the double monolayers-filter complex. The pattern of migration was similar, and the amount greater than or equal to that observed through either single monolayer/filter complex. Neutrophil migration through naked filters was generally less than that observed through the cellular barriers. The contribution of the monolayer orientation was also examined and found to favor the more physiologic directional migration of neutrophils through an endothelial and epithelial barrier, apical to basal and basal to apical, respectively. In contrast, FMLP-induced neutrophil migration was not dependent upon either the orientation or presence of the monolayer(s). CONCLUSIONS Thus, we have established an in vitro model system to examine cytokine-induced sequential migration of neutrophils through endothelium and the respiratory epithelium in a manner analogous to that occurring with an in vivo airway stimulus causing neutrophil-rich airway inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Nebraska Medical Research Institute, Papillion 68046-4796, USA
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Abstract
To better understand the mechanisms by which neutrophils migrate into the airways, we constructed a novel in vitro model system with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers grown on top of permeable filters and human lung Type II-like alveolar epithelial cell (A549) monolayers grown on the undersurface of the filters. The sequential migration of human neutrophils through the endothelium (apical to basal movement) and subsequently through the epithelium (basal to apical movement) in response to a stimulus located basally to the epithelium was measured. We found that the neutrophil chemoattractants, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), induced dose-responsive migration through the double monolayer-filter complex. The pattern of migration was similar to that observed through either a naked filter or single monolayer-filter complex. Maximal chemotaxis through the double monolayer-filter complex was observed by 3 hours. Thus, we have established an in vitro model system to examine the sequential migration of neutrophils through endothelium and the respiratory epithelium in a manner analogous to that occurring with an in vivo airway stimulus causing neutrophil-rich airway inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Nebraska Medical Research Institute, Papillion 68046-4796, USA
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Busse WW, Casale TB, Murray JJ, Petrocella V, Cox F, Rickard K. Efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life of salmeterol in patients with moderate persistent asthma. Am J Manag Care 1998; 4:1579-87. [PMID: 10338904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and impact on asthma-specific quality of life of salmeterol, a highly selective, long-acting beta 2-agonist, compared with that of placebo (i.e., "as-needed" albuterol). STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred thirty-eight nonsmoking symptomatic patients 12 years of age and older meeting American Thoracic Society asthma criteria were enrolled at 55 outpatient clinics; 443 patients completed the study. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either salmeterol aerosol 42 micrograms twice daily or placebo (as-needed albuterol) for 12 weeks. We assessed changes in quality of life using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Efficacy measurements included daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate, daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms, results of pulmonary function tests, and supplemental albuterol use. Patients recorded their PEF rate, supplemental albuterol use, and asthma-related symptoms daily. Pulmonary function tests and AQLQ assessments were performed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Safety measurements included vital signs, physical examination, and reports of clinical adverse events at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Mean changes from baseline in AQLQ global and domain scores were significantly greater in the salmeterol group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Patients treated with salmeterol also had significant improvements in mean PEF rates, supplemental albuterol use, asthma symptom scores, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second compared with those given placebo. Both salmeterol and placebo were well tolerated and were not associated with any clinically significant changes in vital signs or physical examination findings. CONCLUSIONS Salmeterol 42 micrograms twice daily resulted in significantly greater improvements in asthma-specific quality of life, pulmonary function, and asthma symptoms compared with placebo (as-needed albuterol) in patients with moderate persistent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Busse
- University of Wisconsin Hospital & Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Abstract
The mechanisms by which endotoxins mediate neutrophil transepithelial migration and lung inflammation are unclear. It was hypothesized that both the presence and orientation of epithelial cells are critical to endotoxin-induced neutrophil migration. Neutrophil migration was compared through naked filters and filters with A549 lung epithelial monolayers grown on the upper and lower surface of permeable filters to simulate the apical and basal directional movement of neutrophils, respectively. The endotoxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide, was placed below the filter, acting as either a basal or an apical stimulus. Endotoxin without serum failed to stimulate neutrophil migration. In the presence of 1% human serum, endotoxin-induced neutrophil migration through naked filters was dose dependent. Endotoxin-induced neutrophil migration across A549 monolayers was minimal when the monolayers were cultured on the upper surface of the filters (basal stimulus). In contrast, neutrophil transepithelial migration was much greater and dependent on both dose and time when the monolayer was cultured on the lower surface of the filter (basal to apical neutrophil directional movement). Furthermore, enhanced neutrophil transepithelial migration was greater with an apical than with a basal stimulus. Endotoxin-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration was markedly inhibited (>95%) by actinomycin D pretreatment of the monolayers, suggesting the necessity for intact protein synthesis capacity of the A549 cells. Thus, both the presence and orientation of airway epithelium are key in supporting endotoxin-mediated lung neutrophilic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Peralta
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-8 is a potentially important cytokine in allergic respiratory responses since it is released by many resident lung cells, and it is a potent granulocyte chemoattractant. Therefore, we induced an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated response in human lung samples and studied whether IL-8 was produced in sufficient quantities to promote human neutrophil and eosinophil migration across naked filters and endothelial and pulmonary epithelial monolayers cultured on these filters. Fresh human lung fragments from 16 thoracotomy specimens were treated with either a 1:100 dilution of anti-IgE or buffer (control) for 30 min. All anti-IgE treated lung samples had significant release of histamine and neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic activity. Fourteen of the 16 lung samples had a significant increase in IL-8 subsequent to anti-IgE treatment (p<0.01). Anti-IL-8 antibody (4 microg x mL[-1]) inhibited 42% and 53% of neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic activity respectively, contained in supernatants from anti-IgE-treated lung samples. Finally, we found that IL-8 at a concentration near that measured after anti-IgE treatment of lung samples (2,000 pg x mL[-1]) induced neutrophil and eosinophil migration through naked filters and endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cell monolayers. Thus, human lung IgE-mediated responses in vitro results in the rapid release of interleukin-8 in amounts sufficient to affect a biological response, granulocyte transcellular migration, indicating that interleukin-8 may play a significant role in allergic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Erger
- VA Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Erger RA, Casale TB. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is necessary for granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1998; 115:24-32. [PMID: 9430492 DOI: 10.1159/000023826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was capable of inducing eosinophil migration across naked filters but not endothelial monolayers. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to be a key factor in granulocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. METHODS We, therefore, pretreated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers with TNF-alpha and studied whether TNF-alpha could support GM-CSF-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration. RESULTS We found that TNF-alpha supported GM-CSF-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration and that this process was: (1) dependent upon GM-CSF and TNF-alpha dose; (2) time-dependent; (3) not due to TNF-alpha having a chemotactic effect itself; (4) not due to TNF-alpha-induced soluble factor production by endothelium, and (5) inhibitable by actinomycin D. We next studied the specificity of this response. Neutrophils did not migrate across TNF-alpha-pretreated endothelium in response to GM-CSF. TNF-alpha pretreatment of A549 human type-II-like epithelial lung cells (A549) did not support GM-CSF-induced transepithelial migration. Neither interleukin (IL)-1 nor GM-CSF pretreatment of the HUVEC supported GM-CSF-induced transendothelial migration. However, IL-5 induced eosinophil migration through naked filters as well as TNF-alpha-pretreated HUVEC in a manner analogous to GM-CSF. Antibodies to ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1 significantly inhibited this response. Although IL-1 did not support GM-CSF-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration, IL-1 and TNF-alpha induced equivalent expression of ICAM-1 on HUVEC. CONCLUSION Thus, TNF-alpha-supported eosinophil transendothelial migration in response to GM-CSF (and IL-5) is dependent upon ICAM-1, and is both specific and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Erger
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center and University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Blumenthal MN, Casale TB, Fink JN, Uryniak T, Casty FE. Evaluation of a non-chlorofluorocarbon formulation of cromolyn sodium (Intal) metered-dose inhaler versus the chlorofluorocarbon formulation in the treatment of adult patients with asthma: a controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 101:7-13. [PMID: 9449494 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cromolyn sodium is a nonsteroidal inhaled antiinflammatory agent for the treatment of asthma. As with other pressurized aerosol medications, the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) formulation currently contains chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants. Because of their harmful effects on the environment CFCs are now generally banned from production and use. Alternative propellants under production for MDIs include derivatives of hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). This study uses HFA-227 in an MDI formulation of cromolyn sodium. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were (1) to examine the efficacy and safety of an HFA formulation of cromolyn sodium (Intal) MDI and (2) to compare the HFA formulation with the CFC formulation. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study with two active groups (HFA-cromolyn sodium [n = 113] and CFC-cromolyn sodium [n = 107]) and a placebo-treated group (n = 105). RESULTS Patients treated with either formulation of cromolyn sodium MDI showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of 12% to 18% compared with placebo in symptom summary score, daytime asthma symptoms, and albuterol use. No statistically significant differences were observed in pulmonary function. Patient and physician opinions of overall effectiveness favored HFA-cromolyn sodium over placebo (p = 0.01), with no other significant between-treatment differences. No statistically significant differences existed among groups in the incidence of treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION The HFA formulation of cromolyn sodium MDI is a well- tolerated and active alternative treatment for asthma patients aged 12 years and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Blumenthal
- University of Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Abstract
The mechanisms by which mediators and cytokines stimulate neutrophils to migrate across the lung epithelium are still unclear. We hypothesized that neutrophil transepithelial migration depends upon polarity of the epithelium. We therefore compared neutrophil migration through human lung Type II-like alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) monolayers grown on the upper versus lower surface of permeable filters to simulate apical-to-basal and basal-to-apical movement of neutrophils, respectively. The classic chemoattractants formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) induced equivalent neutrophil transepithelial migration in the apical-to-basal and basal-to-apical directions. However, the degree of neutrophil transepithelial migration was significantly greater in the basal-to-apical direction in response to either IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Enhanced TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil migration through A549 monolayers in the basal-to-apical direction occurred regardless of whether the TNF-alpha was above or below the filter/monolayer complex. Actinomycin D pretreatment of A549 monolayers had no effect on FMLP-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration, but markedly (about 75%) inhibited both TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration, regardless of monolayer orientation. Thus, in contrast to classic chemoattractants, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induced greater neutrophil transepithelial migration in a basal-to-apical direction, and this occurred independently of the cytokine location, but depended upon intact metabolic capacity of the A549 cells. These data suggest that the mechanisms important for neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to classic chemoattractants differ from those important for migration in response to inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Carolan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, USA
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Casale TB, Bernstein IL, Busse WW, LaForce CF, Tinkelman DG, Stoltz RR, Dockhorn RJ, Reimann J, Su JQ, Fick RB, Adelman DC. Use of an anti-IgE humanized monoclonal antibody in ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:110-21. [PMID: 9257795 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum levels of antigen-specific IgE are often associated with allergic respiratory disorders. RhuMAb-E25, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, decreases free serum IgE by forming biologically inactive immune complexes with free IgE. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that rhuMAb-E25 would decrease total serum IgE and reduce symptoms. METHODS Two hundred forty subjects were enrolled into five groups to determine the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of repeated administration of rhuMAb-E25 in adults with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis and to explore the pharmacodynamic relationship of rhuMAb-E25 and IgE. One hundred eighty-one subjects received an initial intravenous loading dose (day 0, 1 month before ragweed season), followed by administration of rhuMAb-E25 (in mg/kg body weight) of 0.15 mg/kg subcutaneously, 0.15 mg/kg intravenously, or 0.5 mg/kg intravenously on days 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84. A subcutaneous placebo group and an intravenous placebo group were included. The total evaluation time included the 84-day treatment period, followed by a 42-day observation period. RESULTS Adverse events were mild, and no differences were observed in the rates between the three active and two placebo treatment groups. Ragweed-specific IgE levels correlated with symptom scores. RhuMAb-E25 decreased serum free IgE levels in a dose- and baseline IgE-dependent fashion. However, only 11 subjects had IgE levels that were suppressed to undetectable levels (< or = 24 ng/ml), a sample too small to demonstrate significant differences and clinical efficacy. Thus the case for efficacy was not proven. Nonetheless, the study confirms that it is safe to repeatedly administer rhuMAb-E25 over a period of months. CONCLUSIONS Because rhuMAb-E25 decreased serum free IgE in a dose-dependent fashion and because symptom scores correlated with antigen-specific IgE levels, the results suggest that if given in adequate doses, rhuMAb-E25 should be an effective therapy for allergic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Demography
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Poaceae/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Severity of Illness Index
- Skin Tests
- Titrimetry
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Erger RA, Sahl B, Casale TB. Human lung anaphylaxis results in rapid release of interleukin-4. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78:566-8. [PMID: 9207719 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 has been implicated as having numerous roles in the inflammatory responses characteristic of allergic asthma. Interleukin-4 has been shown to be involved in IgE synthesis, upregulation of BCAM-1 on endothelium, and promotion of inflammatory cell infiltration into the airways. OBJECTIVE We therefore examined whether IL-4 was produced after an IgE-mediated response in human lung samples. RESULTS Anti-IgE treatment of 12 human lungs resulted in the significant release of IL-4 within 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Although the source of released IL-4 is unknown, the rapid release of IL-4 suggests that cells with performed stores, such as mast cells and eosinophils, are involved. Once released, IL-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Erger
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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40
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Abstract
Two studies have been carried out specifically to examine the speed of onset of action of intranasal nedocromil sodium 1% (Tilarin) for the relief of symptoms due to ragweed allergic rhinitis. One, a multicentre placebo-controlled comparative study using a QID regimen, 1 spray per nostril, was designed to assess the speed of onset of action of nedocromil sodium during the first week of treatment in patients with rhinitis symptoms, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nedocromil sodium during 6 weeks of treatment (1). A 1-week baseline, the start of which was timed to coincide with the start of the ragweed season, was followed by 6 weeks double-blind trial treatment; only patients (n = 166) who were symptomatic at the end of baseline were included in the double-blind phase. Non-parametric analyses of all variables including a summary score (stuffy nose, runny nose, itchy nose and sneezing) showed that the onset of action of nedocromil sodium occurred on the first day of treatment. Further, patients using nedocromil sodium had less symptoms during the 10 days of peak pollen, at which time physician assessment showed reduced mucosal oedema and nasal discharge, and both patient and clinician opinions favoured nedocromil sodium. No significant adverse events were reported during this 6-week study. In the second study (2), 104 patients were randomly allocated to receive either nedocromil sodium or placebo, QID. They then spent 10 hours per day for 2 consecutive days in Iowa City Park during the peak of the ragweed season. Only patients showing significant symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) during 3 hourly baseline assessments were included. Over the 2-day period, symptom scores for stuffy nose, runny nose, itchy nose and sneezing, and global symptom summary scores, were recorded at 19 hourly time points. At home in the evening, patients recorded symptom scores for the post-exposure period. In comparison with placebo, nedocromil sodium significantly improved rhinitis symptoms within 2 hours, and this reduction in SAR symptoms was maintained throughout the 2-day exposure period. Post exposure symptom summary scores were also significantly lower in patients treated with nedocromil sodium than in those patients treated with placebo. Overall, very few adverse events were reported, none of them serious. In conclusion, nedocromil sodium 1% nasal spray acts rapidly, within 2 hours on the first day of treatment, to reduce ongoing symptoms of SAR. Relief of rhinitis symptoms is maintained throughout the peak pollen period with nedocromil sodium QID, which appears to be a safe and well tolerated treatment for ragweed SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Donnelly
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Iowa City IA, USA
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Donnelly A, Bernstein DI, Goldstein S, Grossman J, Schwartz HJ, Casale TB. ORAL PRESENTATIONS. Allergy 1996. [PMID: 8651472 PMCID: PMC7159486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Donnelly
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Iowa City IA, USA
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Abstract
Disparate reports exist on the eosinophil chemotactic capacity of interleukin-8 (IL-8). We hypothesized that the difference is due to the methods used to purify eosinophils. We therefore compared the eosinophilotactic capacity of IL-8 on human cells isolated by Percoll (positive selection) vs. magnetic cell separation system (MACS) (negative selection). Discontinuous Percoll gradients were preceded by dextran and Ficoll-Paque steps, and followed by gelatin wash and red blood cell (RBC) lysis. MACS isolation included: Percoll 1.090 g/ml layering and RBC lysis; incubation with CD16 antibody conjugated to magnetic beads (to bind neutrophils); and isolation of eluate from column positioned in magnet. Percoll isolated eosinophils migrated to IL-8 in a dose-responsive fashion. Although MACS isolation provided a greater number and higher purity of eosinophils, these eosinophils did not migrate to IL-8. Neither dextran sedimentation, Ficoll-Paque and Percoll prior to, nor Percoll discontinuous gradients subsequent to, MACS isolation reversed the negative chemotactic response. Moreover, Percoll-isolated eosinophils further purified with CD16 MicroBeads no longer chemotactically responded to IL-8. This inhibition was not due to change in eosinophil purity, a loss of eosinophil adhesion molecules or activation markers, the presence of a soluble neutrophil or eosinophil inhibitor or the effect of the magnet. Thus, the technique used to isolate eosinophils clearly affects the chemotactic responsiveness of this cell to IL-8. Since several in vivo studies suggest that IL-8 is an eosinophil chemoattractant, Percoll isolation of these cells might be more appropriate for studies involving eosinophil chemotactic responses to IL-8.
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Abstract
To better understand the mechanisms by which neutrophils migrate to the airway lumen during an inflammatory response, we constructed an in vitro model system to examine the interactions of human neutrophils, human lung epithelial cells, mediators, and proinflammatory cytokines. We directly compared neutrophil movement through three lung epithelial cell lines, A549, H441, and 16-HBE-14o, in response to three chemoattractants, FMLP, LTB4, and IL-8, and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha and beta and TNF alpha. While there was variation in the responses to the chemotaxins, there was no correlation between the transmonolayer electrical resistance and the ability of the neutrophils to migrate across the epithelia in response to the agents used. FMLP, IL-8, and LTB4 induced dose- and time-dependent neutrophil migration across all three epithelia. However, TNF alpha- and IL-1-induced neutrophil migration occurred only through monolayers that produced soluble chemoattractants in response to these cytokines. Although all three epithelia produced low amounts of IL-8 constitutively, the capacity of IL-1 and TNF alpha to induce transepithelial migration was directly associated with the ability of the epithelia to produce large amounts of IL-8 in response to IL-1 and TNF alpha. We conclude that the phenotype of the epithelial cell (e.g., capacity to produce IL-8) affects stimulated neutrophil transepithelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Carolan
- University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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44
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Casale TB. Effects of in vitro mast cell degranulation on human lung beta-receptor binding parameters. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996; 77:140-6. [PMID: 8760780 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that subjects with allergic asthma have beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness, predisposing these individuals toward bronchospasm, mucous production, and mast cell degranulation. Since sympathetic innervation of the human respiratory tract is sparse, reduced beta-responsiveness probably results from alterations at or beyond the receptor level. OBJECTIVE We therefore examined whether anaphylaxis of human lung tissue acutely modulated the human lung beta-receptor system in ways that might lead to decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness. METHODS Fresh thoracotomy peripheral lung samples from 26 patients were incubated with (anaphylaxis) or without (control) anti-IgE (1:100) for up to 90 minutes and histamine release was documented. Lung fragments were quick frozen at various times after anti-IgE for analyses of beta-receptor binding parameters. Antagonist Kd (dissociation constant) and receptor concentration values were determined using (-)[125I]pindolol and agonist IC50 values were determined using isoproterenol. RESULTS In comparison with time O, neither anaphylaxis nor control samples had differences in receptor binding parameters with time. There were also no differences between anaphylaxis and control lung samples at any time point, and ratios of log control binding parameter/log anaphylaxis binding parameter ranged from 0.96 to 1.01. CONCLUSIONS Anaphylaxis of lung does not lead to acute changes in antagonist or agonist affinity for beta-receptors or changes in receptor concentration. Under the conditions studied, lung mast cell degranulation does not acutely alter the human lung beta-receptor system in ways that might account for the beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness found in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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45
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potentially important cytokine in allergic respiratory reactions since it is released by mast cells and eosinophils, and it can promote mediator and cytokine release, adhesion molecule expression, and granulocyte migration. Therefore, we induced an IgE-mediated response in human lung samples and studied: (1) whether TNF alpha was produced in sufficient quantities to promote granulocyte migration; and (2) which cells expressed mRNA for TNF alpha using in situ hybridization. Lung fragments (from thoracotomy) were treated for 30 min with either anti-IgE, 1:100 dilution, or buffer (control). Anti-IgE treatment of 16 lungs resulted in greater than 4-fold increase in histamine release and the significant production of chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity generated induced dose-responsive neutrophil and eosinophil migration through naked filters and endothelial and pulmonary epithelial monolayers. Fourteen of 16 samples had a significant increase in TNF alpha subsequent to anti-IgE treatment (P < 0.05). Anti-TNF alpha antibody (4 micrograms/ml) inhibited about 25% of the neutrophil chemotactic activity in supernatants from anti-IgE treated lungs. TNF alpha at a concentration measured after anti-IgE treatment of lung samples (50 pg/ml) induced neutrophil transendothelial migration. Finally, we found that anti-IgE treatment led to an increase in TNF alpha mRNA-positive cells by in situ hybridization (1.6/ mm2 experimental versus 0.5/mm2 control), some of which were eosinophils. Thus, human lung IgE-mediated responses in vitro results in: (1) release of TNF alpha in amounts sufficient to effect a biologic response, granulocyte chemotaxis: and (2) upregulation of mRNA for TNF alpha in eosinophils and other cells. These findings suggest that TNF alpha is an important effector molecule in the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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46
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Abstract
Multiple molecular species of the eosinophil chemoattractant platelet activating factor (PAF) are produced as a result of inflammatory processes. We therefore compared the ability of three naturally occurring PAF species (C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1), which only varied at carbon 1, to induce eosinophil chemotaxis through naked 3-microns pore polycarbonate filters. Timecourse experiments indicated that all species of PAF tested induced significant and equivalent eosinophil migration at 1 h which peaked at 2 h. Overall, the rank order of chemotactic potency for the PAF species was relatively equivalent. The specific PAF antagonist WEB 2086 inhibited eosinophil migration induced by all three PAF species equally. We conclude that the degree of PAF-induced eosinophil migration is not dependent upon the molecular species of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Erger
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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47
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Abstract
Neutrophils, eosinophils and cytokines are important in allergic airway inflammatory responses. However, it is unclear how cytokines selectively influence neutrophils versus eosinophils to migrate to an inflammatory site. The cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-5, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), are released subsequent to allergic reactions and affect both neutrophil and eosinophil functions. We studied whether these cytokines differed in capacity to induce human neutrophil versus eosinophil migration through naked filters and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and human pulmonary type II-like epithelial (A549) cell monolayers grown on filters. Dose-response experiments using all barriers were performed for each granulocyte and cytokine. TGF-beta1 did not induce granulocyte migration. IL-5 induced eosinophil migration only through naked filters. IL-1alpha stimulated neutrophil migration through cellular barriers, but not through naked filters. TNF-alpha and GM-CSF induced neutrophil and eosinophil migration through filters, but only neutrophil migration through cellular monolayers. Only IL-8 induced significant neutrophil and eosinophil migration; however, there were clear-cut differences between the neutrophilotactic and eosinophilotactic responses through all barriers employed. Thus, our data show that these cytokines induce distinct chemotactic responses for neutrophils versus eosinophils. Moreover, by using relevant cellular barriers versus naked filters, our data better examines the capability of these cytokines to induce selective granulocyte migration to an inflammatory site in lung diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bittleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City 52242, USA
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48
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) is a cytokine with a myriad of potent proinflammatory effects. Neutrophils are important immune effector cells in allergic and inflammatory lung diseases. We examined the effects of IL-1 alpha on human neutrophil migration across naked filters and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cell and type II-like pulmonary epithelial cell (A549) monolayers cultured on these filters. IL-1 alpha from 10(-13) to 10(-9) M induced dose-dependent neutrophil migration through both HUVE and A549 cellular monolayers but not through naked filters. Neutrophil migration was consistently greater through A549 monolayers compared with HUVE monolayers. IL-1 alpha-induced neutrophil migration was also time dependent, and the kinetics of neutrophil migration through HUVE and A549 monolayers were similar. Significant migration through either monolayer was not observed until 2 h, and maximal migration occurred at 3 h through A549 and 5 h though HUVE cellular monolayers. Supernatants of IL-1 alpha (10(-11) M)-stimulated HUVE and A549 monolayers induced significantly more migration of neutrophils across naked filters than 10(-11) M IL-1 alpha itself, suggesting the release of soluble secondary chemotactic factor(s). Pretreatment of HUVE and A549 monolayers with actinomycin D inhibited both IL-1 alpha-induced production of soluble chemotactic factor(s) and transcellular migration by > 90%. Supernatants from IL-1 alpha-treated HUVE and A549 cells contained significant concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8), and coincubation of these supernatants with anti-IL-8 inhibited approximately 50% of supernatant-induced chemotaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bittleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Donnelly AL, Glass M, Minkwitz MC, Casale TB. The leukotriene D4-receptor antagonist, ICI 204,219, relieves symptoms of acute seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1734-9. [PMID: 7767514 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of single oral doses of the leukotriene D4-receptor antagonist, ICI 204,219, were tested in subjects with acute seasonal allergic rhinitis. Subjects who were enrolled in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trial spent 8 h/d for two consecutive days in a park at the peak of ragweed season (counts > 1,000 grains/m3). Subjects (n = 164) who had sufficient symptoms during a 3-h baseline period on Day 1 were randomized to treatment with 10 (n = 33), 20 (n = 33), 40 (n = 33), or 100 mg (n = 32) of ICI 204,219 or placebo (n = 33). Rhinitis symptoms (nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, itchy nose, throat and palate, and eye symptoms) were recorded hourly in the park and three times each evening at home. Blood samples were collected twice daily to determine plasma levels of ICI 204,219. Nasal congestion improved (p < 0.01) most consistently from the evening of Day 1 through Day 2 after treatment with 20- and 40-mg doses of ICI 204,219 versus placebo. Sneezing and rhinorrhea (p < or = 0.05) also improved on Day 2 for subjects who received 20- and 40-mg doses of ICI 204,219 compared with placebo. Mean symptoms scores for the entire day showed that 20 mg of ICI 204,219 was the minimally effective dose in this trial. The onset of action for all treatment groups, including placebo, was within the first 2 h of dosing. No serious adverse events were reported during the trial. ICI 204,219 was well tolerated and relieved symptoms of acute seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Donnelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Bittleman DB, Casale TB. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE)-induced neutrophil transcellular migration is dependent upon enantiomeric structure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 12:260-7. [PMID: 7873191 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.12.3.7873191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5(R) and 5(S) hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5[R]-HETE, 5[S]-HETE) are important inflammatory mediators in lung diseases: they increase mucus, induce airway contraction, and potentiate neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophils are important cells in allergic and inflammatory lung diseases. Therefore, we examined the effects of both 5(R)-HETE and 5(S)-HETE on human neutrophil migration across naked filters and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cell and human type II-like pulmonary epithelial cell (A549) monolayers cultured on these filters. Time courses for both 5(R)-HETE and 5(S)-HETE show significant neutrophil migration at 40 min and maximal migration at 60 to 90 min through all three barriers. Checkerboard analysis showed that migration was chemotactic. Dose-response curves for both isomers through cellular monolayers had the same shapes, but 5(R)-HETE was more potent than 5(S)-HETE. There was greater migration through cellular barriers than through naked filters. Actinomycin D pretreatment of the cellular monolayers slightly inhibited the neutrophil transcellular chemotactic response to both 5-HETEs equally. Enhanced transcellular migration was not due to the production of a soluble chemotactic factor. Thus, although both isomers of 5-HETE were potent chemotactic agents, 5(R)-HETE was slightly more potent. Moreover, relevant endothelial and epithelial monolayers enhance both dose- and time-dependent neutrophil migration stimulated by 5(R)-HETE and 5(S)-HETE. These data indicate that (1) both 5(R)-HETE and 5(S)-HETE are important in mediating lung inflammatory processes, and (2) 5(R)-HETE may play a more important role in neutrophil-rich lung inflammatory responses than 5(S)-HETE because it is a more potent inducer of neutrophil migration through endothelial and epithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bittleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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