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Bernstein KE, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Giani JF, Shah K, Bernstein E, Janjulia T, Koronyo Y, Shi PD, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Fuchs S, Shen XZ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression in myelocytes enhances the immune response. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1173-8. [PMID: 24633750 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in blood pressure control. ACE also has effects on renal function, reproduction, hematopoiesis, and several aspects of the immune response. ACE 10/10 mice overexpress ACE in monocytic cells; macrophages from ACE 10/10 mice demonstrate increased polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. As a result, ACE 10/10 mice have a highly effective immune response following challenge with melanoma, bacterial infection, or Alzheimer disease. As shown in ACE 10/10 mice, enhanced monocytic function greatly contributes to the ability of the immune response to defend against a wide variety of antigenic and non-antigenic challenges.
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2
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Shah KH, Shi P, Giani JF, Janjulia T, Bernstein EA, Li Y, Zhao T, Harrison DG, Bernstein KE, Shen XZ. Myeloid Suppressor Cells Accumulate and Regulate Blood Pressure in Hypertension. Circ Res 2015; 117:858-69. [PMID: 26294657 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to the progressive pathology of hypertension, and T-cell activation is required for the genesis of hypertension. However, the precise role of myeloid cells in this process is unclear. OBJECTIVE To characterize and understand the role of peripheral myeloid cells in the development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined myeloid cells in the periphery of hypertensive mice and found that increased numbers of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells in blood and the spleen are a characteristic of 3 murine models of experimental hypertension (angiotensin II, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, and high salt). These cells express surface markers and transcription factors associated with immaturity and immunosuppression. Also, they produce hydrogen peroxide to suppress T-cell activation. These are characteristics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Depletion of hypertensive MDSCs increased blood pressure and renal inflammation. In contrast, adoptive transfer of wild-type MDSCs to hypertensive mice reduced blood pressure, whereas the transfer of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2-deficient MDSCs did not. CONCLUSION The accumulation of MDSCs is a characteristic of experimental models of hypertension. MDSCs limit inflammation and the increase of blood pressure through the production of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandarp H Shah
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Peng Shi
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Jorge F Giani
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Tea Janjulia
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - You Li
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Tuantuan Zhao
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H)
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (K.H.S., J.F.G., T.J., E.A.B., T.Z., K.E.B., X.Z.S.), Pathology (K.E.B., X.Z.S.), and Neurology (P.S., Y.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (D.G.H).
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3
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Giani JF, Bernstein KE, Janjulia T, Han J, Toblli JE, Shen XZ, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, McDonough AA, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA. Salt Sensitivity in Response to Renal Injury Requires Renal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Hypertension 2015; 66:534-42. [PMID: 26150439 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that salt-sensitive hypertension can result from a subclinical injury that impairs the kidneys' capacity to properly respond to a high-salt diet. However, how this occurs is not well understood. Here, we showed that although previously salt-resistant wild-type mice became salt sensitive after the induction of renal injury with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride; mice lacking renal angiotensin-converting enzyme, exposed to the same insult, did not become hypertensive when faced with a sodium load. This is because the activity of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme plays a critical role in (1) augmenting the local pool of angiotensin II and (2) the establishment of the antinatriuretic state via modulation of glomerular filtration rate and sodium tubular transport. Thus, this study demonstrates that the presence of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme plays a pivotal role in the development of salt sensitivity in response to renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Giani
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Tea Janjulia
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Jiyang Han
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.)
| | - Romer A Gonzalez-Villalobos
- From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.F.G., K.E.B., T.J., X.Z.S., R.A.G.-V.); Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.H., A.A.M.); Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina (J.E.T.); Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela (B.R.-I.); and Physiology Group, DSRD/Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT (R.A.G.-V.).
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4
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Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Shah K, Koronyo Y, Bernstein E, Giani JF, Janjulia T, Black KL, Shi PD, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Fuchs S, Shen XZ, Bernstein KE. ACE overexpression in myelomonocytic cells: effect on a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 16:444. [PMID: 24792094 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
While it is well known that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in blood pressure control, ACE also has effects on renal function, hematopoiesis, reproduction, and aspects of the immune response. ACE 10/10 mice overexpress ACE in myelomonocytic cells. Macrophages from these mice have an increased polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype that results in a very effective immune response to challenge by tumors or bacterial infection. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the ACE 10/10 phenotype provides significant protection against AD pathology, including reduced inflammation, reduced burden of the neurotoxic amyloid-β protein and preserved cognitive function. Taken together, these studies show that increased myelomonocytic ACE expression in mice alters the immune response to better defend against many different types of pathologic insult, including the cognitive decline observed in an animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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5
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Giani JF, Janjulia T, Taylor B, Bernstein EA, Shah K, Shen XZ, McDonough AA, Bernstein KE, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA. Renal generation of angiotensin II and the pathogenesis of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:477. [PMID: 25097114 PMCID: PMC4277187 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a complete and functional renin-angiotensin system along the nephron is widely recognized. However, its precise role in blood pressure control and, by extension, hypertension is still uncertain. While most investigators agree that overexpressing RAS components along the nephron results in hypertension, two important issues remain: whether the local RAS works as a separate entity or represents an extension of the systemic RAS and whether locally generated angiotensin II has specific renal effects on blood pressure that are distinct from systemic angiotensin II. This review addresses these issues while emphasizing the unique role of local angiotensin II in the response of the kidney to hypertensive stimuli and the induction of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F. Giani
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tea Janjulia
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Taylor
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A. Bernstein
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kandarp Shah
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Z. Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia A. McDonough
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Romer A. Gonzalez-Villalobos
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pfizer, DSRD CoE, 274 Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1245, Groton, CT 06340, USA,
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6
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Giani JF, Janjulia T, Kamat N, Seth DM, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Delpire E, Toblli JE, Bernstein KE, McDonough AA, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA. Renal angiotensin-converting enzyme is essential for the hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2752-63. [PMID: 25012170 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an important source of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in many species, including humans. However, the specific effects of local ACE on renal function and, by extension, BP control are not completely understood. We previously showed that mice lacking renal ACE, are resistant to the hypertension induced by angiotensin II infusion. Here, we examined the responses of these mice to the low-systemic angiotensin II hypertensive model of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition with L-NAME. In contrast to wild-type mice, mice without renal ACE did not develop hypertension, had lower renal angiotensin II levels, and enhanced natriuresis in response to L-NAME. During L-NAME treatment, the absence of renal ACE was associated with blunted GFR responses; greater reductions in abundance of proximal tubule Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3, Na(+)/Pi co-transporter 2, phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter, and phosphorylated Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter; and greater reductions in abundance and processing of the γ isoform of the epithelial Na(+) channel. In summary, the presence of ACE in renal tissue facilitates angiotensin II accumulation, GFR reductions, and changes in the expression levels and post-translational modification of sodium transporters that are obligatory for sodium retention and hypertension in response to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Giani
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tea Janjulia
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nikhil Kamat
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dale M Seth
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wendell-Lamar B Blackwell
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kandarp H Shah
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Alemán Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Romer A Gonzalez-Villalobos
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California;
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7
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Shen XZ, Okwan-Duodu D, Blackwell WL, Ong FS, Janjulia T, Bernstein EA, Fuchs S, Alkan S, Bernstein KE. Myeloid expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme facilitates myeloid maturation and inhibits the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Transl Med 2014; 94:536-44. [PMID: 24614194 PMCID: PMC4221240 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells which accumulate in cancer, infection and chronic inflammation. These cells suppress T-cell function and the immune response. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase that is now known to regulate aspects of myelopoiesis. Here, we show that ACE expression correlates with myeloid maturation in vitro. Forced ACE overexpression in monocytic cells reduces the generation of MDSCs. In vivo, mice with a genetic change resulting in myeloid cell ACE overexpression have reduced numbers of blood and splenic MDSCs in a tumor model and in a model of chronic inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. In contrast, ACE-null mice produce large numbers of MDSCs during chronic inflammation. Macrophages from mice with myeloid ACE overexpressing are more pro-inflammatory and have more tumor-killing activity than cells from wild-type mice. Thus, manipulating myeloid ACE activity can interfere with MDSC development and the maturation of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Z. Shen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US ,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US ,School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Wendell-Lamar Blackwell
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Frank S. Ong
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Tea Janjulia
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Ellen A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US ,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Serhan Alkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US ,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, US
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8
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Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Shen XZ, Bernstein EA, Janjulia T, Taylor B, Giani JF, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Shi PD, Fuchs S, Bernstein KE. Rediscovering ACE: novel insights into the many roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1143-54. [PMID: 23686164 PMCID: PMC3779503 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is best known for the catalytic conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. However, the use of gene-targeting techniques has led to mouse models highlighting many other biochemical properties and actions of this enzyme. This review discusses recent studies examining the functional significance of ACE tissue-specific expression and the presence in ACE of two independent catalytic sites with distinct substrates and biological effects. It is these features which explain why ACE makes important contributions to many different physiological processes including renal development, blood pressure control, inflammation, and immunity.
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9
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Al-Nakkash L, Janjulia T, Peterson K, Lucy D, Wilson D, Peterson A, Prozialeck W, Broderick TL. Genistein and exercise do not improve cardiovascular risk factors in the ovariectomized rat. Climacteric 2013; 17:136-47. [PMID: 23679226 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.804503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of either genistein, or exercise, or both, on parameters that are indicators of cardiovascular health. METHODS We investigated the effect of genistein treatment (300 mg genisten/kg body weight/day), or exercise training, or combined genistein and exercise training, for a period of 6 weeks on physical characteristics, cardiovascular plasma markers, blood pressure, aortic morphology, cardiac structure and oxidative stress in the ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rat. Comparisons were made with intact rats. RESULTS Ovariectomy (compared to intact) resulted in significant decreases in uterine weight (6-fold, p < 0.0001), insulin levels (4-fold, p = 0.0214), insulin/glucose ratio (3-fold, p = 0.0029), and tumor necrosis factor-α plasma levels (2-fold, p < 0.0001). Similarly, aortic blood pressure was significantly increased (by 8%, p < 0.0033) in OVX rats, without changes in aortic luminal or wall dimensions. Heart surface area was significantly increased (by 16%, p = 0.0160) in OVX rats and this was without changes in non-protein thiol levels (a marker of oxidative stress). Physical characteristics were not altered by treatment with genistein, or genistein with exercise, with the exception of increased uterine weight in OVX rats treated under these same conditions. There were no effects of genistein or exercise on indices of blood pressure and aortic morphology in the OVX rat. However, right ventricular nuclei count was reduced in sedentary genistein-treated rats compared to non-treated control OVX rats. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that administration of genistein at this dose, treadmill running, or the combination of both, are not associated with any improvement in cardiovascular function and structure, and risk factors in an ovariectomy model of postmenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Al-Nakkash
- * Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine , Glendale, AZ
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Ramos JE, Al-Nakkash L, Peterson A, Gump BS, Janjulia T, Moore MS, Broderick TL, Carroll CC. The soy isoflavone genistein inhibits the reduction in Achilles tendon collagen content induced by ovariectomy in rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22:e108-14. [PMID: 22852581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genistein and moderate intensity exercise on Achilles tendon collagen and cross-linking in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were separated into eight groups (n = 9/group): intact or OVX, treadmill exercised or sedentary, genistein-treated (300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. After 6 weeks, tendons were assayed for the collagen-specific amino acid hydroxyproline and hydroxylyslpyridinoline (HP). Collagen content was not influenced by exercise (P = 0.40) but was lower (P < 0.001) in OVX-vehicle rats compared with intact vehicle rats (OVX: 894 ± 35 μg collagen/mg dry weight; intact: 1185 ± 72 μg collagen/mg dry weight). In contrast, collagen content in OVX rats treated with genistein was greater (P = 0.010, 1198 ± 121 μg collagen/mg dry weight) when compared with untreated rats and was not different from intact rats (P = 0.89). HP content was lower in OVX genistein-treated rats when compared with intact genistein-treated rats, but only within the sedentary animals (P = 0.05, intact-treated: 232 ± 39 mmol/mol collagen; OVX-treated: 144 ± 21 mmol/mol collagen). Our findings suggest that ovariectomy leads to a reduction in tendon collagen, which is prevented by genistein. HP content, however, may not have increased in proportion to the addition of collagen. Genistein may be useful for improving tendon collagen content in conditions of estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Fletcher NK, McDonough AA, Nguyen MT, Janjulia T, Bernstein KE, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA. Stimulation of renal sodium transporters’ abundance and phosphorylation during chronic angiotensin II (AII) infusion requires intrarenal AII formation. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1105.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mien T.X. Nguyen
- Cell and NeurobiologyKeck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA
| | - Tea Janjulia
- Biomedical Sciences, PathologyLaboratory MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Biomedical Sciences, PathologyLaboratory MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
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Shen XZ, Ong FS, Bernstein EA, Janjulia T, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Taylor BL, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Fuchs S, Bernstein KE. Nontraditional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 2012; 59:763-8. [PMID: 22353608 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.188342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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