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Stutz C, Alcantara DMC, dos Santos CM, Torres JM, Rodrigues R, Marcon GEB, Ferreira EDC, Sarti ECFB, de Oliveira TF, Mendes FML, Lemos EF, Demarchi LHF, Lichs GGDC, Zardin MCSU, Gonçalves CCM, Guilhermino JDF, Perdomo RT, Fernandez ZDC. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the school community in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2021-November 2022. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354786. [PMID: 38596680 PMCID: PMC11002276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the reopening of schools during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was imperative to understand the role of students and education professionals in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we determined the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in the school community in Campo Grande, the capital and most populous city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and evaluated its association with sex, school level, and school type. Materials and methods The survey was carried out in 20 public and private schools in the urban region of Campo Grande using the TR DPP® COVID-19 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) kit from the Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021; from March to July 2022; and from August to November 2022. The participants were students aged 6-17 years enrolled in primary or secondary schools and professionals of different ages and roles. Results During the first testing period, 162 participants were seropositive for the IgM and/or IgG anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% using Bayesian multilevel regression. In the second period, 251 participants were seropositive (estimated seroprevalence, 34.6%), while in the third period, 393 participants were seroconverted (estimated seroprevalence, 56.7%). In 2022, there was an increase in the seroconversion rate compared to that in 2021. The most frequently described acute manifestations in the three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. In terms of the demographic profile, there was no predominance of seropositivity between the sexes, although women represented approximately 70% of the study population. There were also no differences between students and school staff. Discussion The results made it possible to evaluate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school community through immunity developed against the virus, in addition to providing information about COVID-19 symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stutz
- Fiocruz Ceará, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Maria dos Santos
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaire Marinho Torres
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudielle Rodrigues
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo de Castro Ferreira
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Maria Lins Mendes
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Everton Ferreira Lemos
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislene Garcia de Castro Lichs
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso do Sul, Secretaria Adjunta de Estado, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Cultura Celular da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Almenara CCP, de Oliveira TF, da Silva DCF, Krause M, Carneiro MTWD, Padilha AS. Cessation Restores Blood Pressure Levels and Endothelial Function Affected by Cadmium Exposure on Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1955-1964. [PMID: 35689757 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium exposure produces high blood pressure and endothelial damage; however, it is not known whether these effects could be reversed by interrupting the exposure to the metal. Therefore, we evaluate the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular reactivity during and following chronic cadmium-exposure discontinuance. Rats received 100 mg.L-1 cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the drinking water or tap water (Ct) for 30 days and/or tap water for 30 days more. The cadmium plasma content, blood pressure and vascular reactivity of isolated aorta were evaluated. Cadmium exposure increased cadmium plasma content, SBP and aorta contractile responses to phenylephrine, all reversed after suspending exposure. Endothelial removal and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition increased phenylephrine response both on control and Cd-discontinuation models. Cd-discontinuation group presented increased CAMKII and PKA protein expression, as peNOSSer1177. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) incubation reduced contractile response on control group, and catalase incubation enhanced the response to phenylephrine in this group. Meanwhile, both SOD2 and catalase protein expression were increased in Cd-cessation rats. Our findings provide evidence that increased SBP and endothelial dysfunction induced by Cd chronic exposure are reversed by suspending the metal exposure probably due to an improvement of antioxidant enzymes and eNOS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cruz Pereira Almenara
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, BA, 47810-047, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maiara Krause
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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de Oliveira TF, Rossi EM, da Costa CS, Graceli JB, Krause M, Carneiro MTWD, Almenara CCP, Padilha AS. Sex-dependent vascular effects of cadmium sub-chronic exposure on rats. Biometals 2023; 36:189-199. [PMID: 36418808 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium exposure is related to several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. However, the toxic effect of cadmium can be dependent on the sex when examined sex in experimental models. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cadmium exposure on the cardiovascular system of male and female rodents. The experiments were carried out on both-sexes Wistar at 4 months of age, where from 3 months onwards, cadmium (CdCl2 100 mg/l in placed the drinking water for 30 days) or vehicle delivered (distilled water) was ingested. Before and after 30 days of exposure to cadmium, systolic blood pressure was regularly measured. After exposure, blood was collected to measure dosage of cadmium, in male and female, and estrogen in females. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was studied at respective isolated aortic segments. After the period to Cd-exposure, systolic blood pressure was increased only in the male rats. Males also had higher levels of plasma cadmium than those of female rats, and exposure to the metal did not affect the amount of estrogen produced in the female rats. Increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also observed in both the males and females that had been exposed to the metal. Moreover, exposure to the cadmium reduced the ACh relaxation and increased vascular reactivity to Phe, resulting in an imbalance between nitric oxide superoxide anion in the isolated aorta of male rats. In female rats, sub-chronic cadmium exposure did not modify the vascular reactivity to Phe and neither to the ACh. The present study revealed that the Cd exposure for 30 days induced sex-dependent cardiovascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Martineli Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Charles Santos da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maiara Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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de Moura Magalhães BAB, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira TF, Vassallo DV, Simões MR. Lead and mercury 28 day exposure at small concentrations reduces smooth muscle relaxation by decreasing cGMP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115405. [PMID: 33444613 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of mortality in the world. There is evidence of cardiovascular harm after exposure to low lead or mercury concentrations, but the effects of chronic exposure to the association of low doses of these toxic metals are still unknown. This work evaluated after 4 weeks, the association effects of low concentrations of lead and mercury on blood pressure and vascular resistance reactivity. Wistar rats were exposed for 28 days to lead acetate (1st dose of 4 μg/100 g and subsequent doses of 0.05 μg /100 g/day to cover daily losses) and mercury chloride (1st dose of 2.17 μg/kg and subsequent doses of 0.03 μg/kg/ day to cover daily losses) and the control group received saline, i.m. Results showed that treatment increased blood pressure and induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The mesenteric vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response assessed by acetylcholine did not change. Additionally, reduced involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids derived from cyclooxygenase was observed in the PbHg group. By other regulatory routes, such as potassium channels, the vessel showed a greater participation of BKCa channels, and a reduction in the participation of Kv channels and SKCa channels. The endothelium-independent smooth muscle relaxation was significantly impaired by reducing cGMP, possibly through the hyperstimulation of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5). Our results suggested that exposure to low doses of lead and mercury triggers this compensatory mechanism, in response to the augment of arterial pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mercuric Chloride/toxicity
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Organometallic Compounds/toxicity
- Rats, Wistar
- Second Messenger Systems
- Time Factors
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Firme Rodrigues
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil
| | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
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