1
|
Kobayashi Y, Shigyo M, Platoshyn O, Marsala S, Kato T, Takamura N, Yoshida K, Kishino A, Bravo-Hernandez M, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Studenovska H, Proks V, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Pfaff SL, Ciacci JD, Marsala M. Expandable Sendai-Virus-Reprogrammed Human iPSC-Neuronal Precursors: In Vivo Post-Grafting Safety Characterization in Rats and Adult Pig. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897221107009. [PMID: 37088987 PMCID: PMC10134149 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges in clinical translation of cell-replacement therapies is the definition of optimal cell generation and storage/recovery protocols which would permit a rapid preparation of cell-treatment products for patient administration. Besides, the availability of injection devices that are simple to use is critical for potential future dissemination of any spinally targeted cell-replacement therapy into general medical practice. Here, we compared the engraftment properties of established human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neural precursor cell (NPCs) line once cells were harvested fresh from the cell culture or previously frozen and then grafted into striata or spinal cord of the immunodeficient rat. A newly developed human spinal injection device equipped with a spinal cord pulsation-cancelation magnetic needle was also tested for its safety in an adult immunosuppressed pig. Previously frozen NPCs showed similar post-grafting survival and differentiation profile as was seen for freshly harvested cells. Testing of human injection device showed acceptable safety with no detectable surgical procedure or spinal NPCs injection-related side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Shigyo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Naoki Takamura
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kishino
- Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous System, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Proks
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous System, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph D Ciacci
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tadokoro T, Bravo-Hernandez M, Agashkov K, Kobayashi Y, Platoshyn O, Navarro M, Marsala S, Miyanohara A, Yoshizumi T, Shigyo M, Krotov V, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Nguyen D, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Motlik J, Studenovska H, Proks V, Reddy R, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Kemthong T, Malaivijitnond S, Tomori Z, Vanicky I, Kakinohana M, Pfaff SL, Ciacci J, Belan P, Marsala M. Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2722-2745. [PMID: 35524407 PMCID: PMC9372322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-order spinal cord excitatory neurons play a key role in spinal processing and transmission of pain signals to the brain. Exogenously-induced change in developmentally-imprinted excitatory neurotransmitter phenotype of these neurons to inhibitory has not yet been achieved. Here we use a subpial dorsal horn-targeted delivery of AAV (adeno-associated virus) vector(s) encoding GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid,) synthesizing-releasing inhibitory machinery in mice with neuropathic pain. Treated animals showed a progressive and complete reversal of neuropathic pain (tactile and brush-evoked pain behavior) which persisted for minimum 2.5 months post-treatment. The mechanism of this treatment effect results from the switch of excitatory to preferential inhibitory neurotransmitter phenotype in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons and a resulting increase in inhibitory activity in regional spinal circuitry after peripheral nociceptive stimulation. No detectable side effects (such as sedation, motor weakness or loss of normal sensation) were seen between 2-13 months post-treatment in naive adult mice, pigs and non-human primates. The use of this treatment approach may represent a potent and safe treatment modality in patients suffering from spinal cord- or peripheral nerve-injury induced neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tadokoro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirill Agashkov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Navarro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Vector Core Laboratory, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michiko Shigyo
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Volodymyr Krotov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Proks
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Reddy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Zoltan Tomori
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanicky
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph Ciacci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pavel Belan
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bravo-Hernandez M, Tadokoro T, Navarro MR, Platoshyn O, Kobayashi Y, Marsala S, Miyanohara A, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Skalnikova H, Tomori Z, Vanicky I, Studenovska H, Proks V, Chen P, Govea-Perez N, Ditsworth D, Ciacci JD, Gao S, Zhu W, Ahrens ET, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, McAlonis-Downes M, Da Cruz S, Pfaff SL, Kaspar BK, Cleveland DW, Marsala M. Spinal subpial delivery of AAV9 enables widespread gene silencing and blocks motoneuron degeneration in ALS. Nat Med 2019; 26:118-130. [PMID: 31873312 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing with virally delivered shRNA represents a promising approach for treatment of inherited neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study we develop a subpial technique, which we show in adult animals successfully delivers adeno-associated virus (AAV) throughout the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, as well as brain motor centers. One-time injection at cervical and lumbar levels just before disease onset in mice expressing a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing mutant SOD1 produces long-term suppression of motoneuron disease, including near-complete preservation of spinal α-motoneurons and muscle innervation. Treatment after disease onset potently blocks progression of disease and further α-motoneuron degeneration. A single subpial AAV9 injection in adult pigs or non-human primates using a newly designed device produces homogeneous delivery throughout the cervical spinal cord white and gray matter and brain motor centers. Thus, spinal subpial delivery in adult animals is highly effective for AAV-mediated gene delivery throughout the spinal cord and supraspinal motor centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Tadokoro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Michael R Navarro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Vector Core Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Tomori
- Dept. of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanicky
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous System, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Proks
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous System, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - PeiXi Chen
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Noe Govea-Perez
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dara Ditsworth
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph D Ciacci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenlian Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa McAlonis-Downes
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandrine Da Cruz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bohaciakova D, Hruska-Plochan M, Tsunemoto R, Gifford WD, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Wu S, Marsala S, Navarro M, Tadokoro T, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Platoshyn O, Piper D, Sheckler V, Ditsworth D, Pfaff SL, Marsala M. A scalable solution for isolating human multipotent clinical-grade neural stem cells from ES precursors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30867054 PMCID: PMC6417180 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A well-characterized method has not yet been established to reproducibly, efficiently, and safely isolate large numbers of clinical-grade multipotent human neural stem cells (hNSCs) from embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Consequently, the transplantation of neurogenic/gliogenic precursors into the CNS for the purpose of cell replacement or neuroprotection in humans with injury or disease has not achieved widespread testing and implementation. Methods Here, we establish an approach for the in vitro isolation of a highly expandable population of hNSCs using the manual selection of neural precursors based on their colony morphology (CoMo-NSC). The purity and NSC properties of established and extensively expanded CoMo-NSC were validated by expression of NSC markers (flow cytometry, mRNA sequencing), lack of pluripotent markers and by their tumorigenic/differentiation profile after in vivo spinal grafting in three different animal models, including (i) immunodeficient rats, (ii) immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or (iii) spinally injured immunosuppressed minipigs. Results In vitro analysis of established CoMo-NSCs showed a consistent expression of NSC markers (Sox1, Sox2, Nestin, CD24) with lack of pluripotent markers (Nanog) and stable karyotype for more than 15 passages. Gene profiling and histology revealed that spinally grafted CoMo-NSCs differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes over a 2–6-month period in vivo without forming neoplastic derivatives or abnormal structures. Moreover, transplanted CoMo-NSCs formed neurons with synaptic contacts and glia in a variety of host environments including immunodeficient rats, immunosuppressed ALS rats (SOD1G93A), or spinally injured minipigs, indicating these cells have favorable safety and differentiation characteristics. Conclusions These data demonstrate that manually selected CoMo-NSCs represent a safe and expandable NSC population which can effectively be used in prospective human clinical cell replacement trials for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, stroke, spinal traumatic, or spinal ischemic injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1163-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rachel Tsunemoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wesley D Gifford
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Navarro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Takahiro Tadokoro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Piper
- Primary and Stem Cell Systems, Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 501 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Vickie Sheckler
- Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dara Ditsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Strnadel J, Carromeu C, Bardy C, Navarro M, Platoshyn O, Glud AN, Marsala S, Kafka J, Miyanohara A, Kato T, Tadokoro T, Hefferan MP, Kamizato K, Yoshizumi T, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Ho CS, Kheradmand T, Chen P, Bohaciakova D, Hruska-Plochan M, Todd AJ, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Pfaff SL, Klima J, Ciacci J, Curtis E, Gage FH, Bui J, Yamada K, Muotri AR, Marsala M. Survival of syngeneic and allogeneic iPSC–derived neural precursors after spinal grafting in minipigs. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/440/eaam6651. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Glenn TD, Talbot WS. Signals regulating myelination in peripheral nerves and the Schwann cell response to injury. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:1041-8. [PMID: 23896313 PMCID: PMC3830599 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form myelin, which facilitates the rapid conduction of action potentials along axons in the vertebrate nervous system. Myelinating Schwann cells are derived from neural crest progenitors in a step-wise process that is regulated by extracellular signals and transcription factors. In addition to forming the myelin sheath, Schwann cells orchestrate much of the regenerative response that occurs after injury to peripheral nerves. In response to injury, myelinating Schwann cells dedifferentiate into repair cells that are essential for axonal regeneration, and then redifferentiate into myelinating Schwann cells to restore nerve function. Although this remarkable plasticity has long been recognized, many questions remain unanswered regarding the signaling pathways regulating both myelination and the Schwann cell response to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Glenn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Glenn TD, Talbot WS. Analysis of Gpr126 function defines distinct mechanisms controlling the initiation and maturation of myelin. Development 2013; 140:3167-75. [PMID: 23804499 PMCID: PMC3931731 DOI: 10.1242/dev.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath, which allows the efficient propagation of action potentials along axons. The transcription factor Krox20 regulates the initiation of myelination in Schwann cells and is also required to maintain mature myelin. The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126 is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination, but previous studies have not addressed the role of Gpr126 signaling in myelin maturation and maintenance. Through analysis of Gpr126 in zebrafish, we define two distinct mechanisms controlling the initiation and maturation of myelin. We show that gpr126 mutant Schwann cells elaborate mature myelin sheaths and maintain krox20 expression for months, provided that the early signaling defect is bypassed by transient elevation of cAMP. At the onset of myelination, Gpr126 and protein kinase A (PKA) function as a switch that allows Schwann cells to initiate krox20 expression and myelination. After myelination is initiated, krox20 expression is maintained and myelin maturation proceeds independently of Gpr126 signaling. Transgenic analysis indicates that the Krox20 cis-regulatory myelinating Schwann cell element (MSE) becomes active at the onset of myelination and that this activity is dependent on Gpr126 signaling. Activity of the MSE declines after initiation, suggesting that other elements are responsible for maintaining krox20 expression in mature nerves. We also show that elevated cAMP does not initiate myelination in the absence of functional Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) signaling. These results indicate that the mechanisms regulating the initiation of myelination are distinct from those mediating the maturation and maintenance of myelin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Glenn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Creanga A, Glenn TD, Mann RK, Saunders AM, Talbot WS, Beachy PA. Scube/You activity mediates release of dually lipid-modified Hedgehog signal in soluble form. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1312-25. [PMID: 22677548 DOI: 10.1101/gad.191866.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their covalent modification by cholesterol and palmitate, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins are localized predominantly to the plasma membrane of expressing cells. Yet Hh proteins are also capable of mobilizing to and eliciting direct responses from distant cells. The zebrafish you gene, identified genetically >15 years ago, was more recently shown to encode a secreted glycoprotein that acts cell-nonautonomously in the Hh signaling pathway by an unknown mechanism. We investigated the function of the protein encoded by murine Scube2, an ortholog of you, and found that it mediates release in soluble form of the mature, cholesterol- and palmitate-modified Sonic hedgehog protein signal (ShhNp) when added to cultured cells or purified detergent-resistant membrane microdomains containing ShhNp. The efficiency of Scube2-mediated release of ShhNp is enhanced by the palmitate adduct of ShhNp and by coexpression in ShhNp-producing cells of mDispatchedA (mDispA), a transporter-like protein with a previously defined role in the release of lipid-modified Hh signals. The structural determinants of Scube2 required for its activity in cultured cell assays match those required for rescue of you mutant zebrafish embryos, and we thus conclude that the role of Scube/You proteins in Hh signaling in vivo is to facilitate the release and mobilization of Hh proteins for distant action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Creanga
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monk KR, Naylor SG, Glenn TD, Mercurio S, Perlin JR, Dominguez C, Moens CB, Talbot WS. A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. Science 2009; 325:1402-5. [PMID: 19745155 DOI: 10.1126/science.1173474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The myelin sheath allows axons to conduct action potentials rapidly in the vertebrate nervous system. Axonal signals activate expression of specific transcription factors, including Oct6 and Krox20, that initiate myelination in Schwann cells. Elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can mimic axonal contact in vitro, but the mechanisms that regulate cAMP levels in vivo are unknown. Using mutational analysis in zebrafish, we found that the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126 is required autonomously in Schwann cells for myelination. In gpr126 mutants, Schwann cells failed to express oct6 and krox20 and were arrested at the promyelinating stage. Elevation of cAMP in gpr126 mutants, but not krox20 mutants, could restore myelination. We propose that Gpr126 drives the differentiation of promyelinating Schwann cells by elevating cAMP levels, thereby triggering Oct6 expression and myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Range RC, Glenn TD, Miranda E, McClay DR. LvNumb works synergistically with Notch signaling to specify non-skeletal mesoderm cells in the sea urchin embryo. Development 2008; 135:2445-54. [PMID: 18550713 DOI: 10.1242/dev.018101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Notch signaling pathway segregates the non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) from the endomesoderm during sea urchin embryo development. Subsequently, Notch signaling helps specify the four subpopulations of NSM, and influences endoderm specification. To gain further insight into how the Notch signaling pathway is regulated during these cell specification events, we identified a sea urchin homologue of Numb (LvNumb). Previous work in other model systems showed that Numb functions as a Notch signaling pathway antagonist, possibly by mediating the endocytosis of other key Notch interacting proteins. In this study, we show that the vegetal endomesoderm expresses lvnumb during the blastula and gastrula stages, and that the protein is localized to the presumptive NSM. Injections of lvnumb mRNA and antisense morpholinos demonstrate that LvNumb is necessary for the specification of mesodermal cell types, including pigment cells, blastocoelar cells and muscle cells. Functional analysis of the N-terminal PTB domain and the C-terminal PRR domain of LvNumb shows that the PTB domain, but not the PRR domain, is sufficient to recapitulate the demonstrable function of full-length LvNumb. Experiments show that LvNumb requires an active Notch signal to function during NSM specification and that LvNumb functions in the cells responding to Delta and not in the cells presenting the Delta ligand. Furthermore, injection of mRNA encoding the intracellular domain of Notch rescues the LvNumb morpholino phenotype, suggesting that the constitutive intracellular Notch signal overcomes, or bypasses, the absence of Numb during NSM specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Range
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walton KD, Croce JC, Glenn TD, Wu SY, McClay DR. Genomics and expression profiles of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways in sea urchin development. Dev Biol 2006; 300:153-64. [PMID: 17067570 PMCID: PMC1880897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) and Notch signal transduction pathways control a variety of developmental processes including cell fate choice, differentiation, proliferation, patterning and boundary formation. Because many components of these pathways are conserved, it was predicted and confirmed that pathway components are largely intact in the sea urchin genome. Spatial and temporal location of these pathways in the embryo, and their function in development offer added insight into their mechanistic contributions. Accordingly, all major components of both pathways were identified and annotated in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome and the embryonic expression of key components was explored. Relationships of the pathway components, and modifiers predicted from the annotation of S. purpuratus, were compared against cnidarians, arthropods, urochordates, and vertebrates. These analyses support the prediction that the pathways are highly conserved through metazoan evolution. Further, the location of these two pathways appears to be conserved among deuterostomes, and in the case of Notch at least, display similar capacities in endomesoderm gene regulatory networks. RNA expression profiles by quantitative PCR and RNA in situ hybridization reveal that Hedgehog is produced by the endoderm beginning just prior to invagination, and signals to the secondary mesenchyme-derived tissues at least until the pluteus larva stage. RNA in situ hybridization of Notch pathway members confirms that Notch functions sequentially in the vegetal-most secondary mesenchyme cells and later in the endoderm. Functional analyses in future studies will embed these pathways into the growing knowledge of gene regulatory networks that govern early specification and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Walton
- Developmental, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Group, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Glenn TD. Communicating the environmental health care. J Environ Health 1975; 37:564-567. [PMID: 10237992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|