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Haala F, Dielentheis-Frenken MRE, Brandt FM, Karmainski T, Blank LM, Tiso T. DoE-based medium optimization for improved biosurfactant production with Aureobasidium pullulans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1379707. [PMID: 38511129 PMCID: PMC10953688 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1379707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyol lipids (a.k.a. liamocins) produced by the polyextremotolerant, yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans are amphiphilic molecules with high potential to serve as biosurfactants. So far, cultivations of A. pullulans have been performed in media with complex components, which complicates further process optimization due to their undefined composition. In this study, we developed and optimized a minimal medium, focusing on biosurfactant production. Firstly, we replaced yeast extract and peptone in the best-performing polyol lipid production medium to date with a vitamin solution, a trace-element solution, and a nitrogen source. We employed a design of experiments approach with a factor screening using a two-level-factorial design, followed by a central composite design. The polyol lipid titer was increased by 56% to 48 g L-1, and the space-time yield from 0.13 to 0.20 g L-1 h-1 in microtiter plate cultivations. This was followed by a successful transfer to a 1 L bioreactor, reaching a polyol lipid concentration of 41 g L-1. The final minimal medium allows the investigation of alternative carbon sources and the metabolic pathways involved, to pinpoint targets for genetic modifications. The results are discussed in the context of the industrial applicability of this robust and versatile fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Pal U, Bachmann D, Pelzer C, Christiansen J, Blank LM, Tiso T. A genetic toolbox to empower Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944 as a metabolically versatile SynBio chassis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:53. [PMID: 38360576 PMCID: PMC10870620 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To contribute to the discovery of new microbial strains with metabolic and physiological robustness and develop them into successful chasses, Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944, a Gram-negative bacterium from the phylum Alphaproteobacteria and the family Rhodobacteraceae, was chosen. The strain possesses an innate ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. It utilizes diverse substrates, including cheap and renewable feedstocks, such as C1 and C2 compounds. Also, it can consume short-chain alkanes, predominately found in hydrocarbon-rich environments, making it a potential bioremediation agent. The demonstrated metabolic versatility, coupled with the synthesis of the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate, positions this microbial strain as a noteworthy candidate for advancing the principles of a circular bioeconomy. RESULTS The study aims to follow the chassis roadmap, as depicted by Calero and Nikel, and de Lorenzo, to transform wild-type P. pantotrophus DSM 2944 into a proficient SynBio (Synthetic Biology) chassis. The initial findings highlight the antibiotic resistance profile of this prospective SynBio chassis. Subsequently, the best origin of replication (ori) was identified as RK2. In contrast, the non-replicative ori R6K was selected for the development of a suicide plasmid necessary for genome integration or gene deletion. Moreover, when assessing the most effective method for gene transfer, it was observed that conjugation had superior efficiency compared to electroporation, while transformation by heat shock was ineffective. Robust host fitness was demonstrated by stable plasmid maintenance, while standardized gene expression using an array of synthetic promoters could be shown. pEMG-based scarless gene deletion was successfully adapted, allowing gene deletion and integration. The successful integration of a gene cassette for terephthalic acid degradation is showcased. The resulting strain can grow on both monomers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with an increased growth rate achieved through adaptive laboratory evolution. CONCLUSION The chassis roadmap for the development of P. pantotrophus DSM 2944 into a proficient SynBio chassis was implemented. The presented genetic toolkit allows genome editing and therewith the possibility to exploit Paracoccus for a myriad of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Pal
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chiara Pelzer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Christiansen
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Lipphardt A, Karmainski T, Blank LM, Hayen H, Tiso T. Identification and quantification of biosurfactants produced by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis by hyphenated techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7067-7084. [PMID: 37819435 PMCID: PMC10684412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel biosurfactant was discovered to be synthesized by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis in 1992. This bacterium is abundant in marine environments affected by oil spills, where it helps to degrade alkanes and, under such conditions, produces a glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant. The biosurfactant enhances the bacterium's attachment to oil droplets and facilitates the uptake of hydrocarbons. Due to its useful properties expected, there is interest in the biotechnological production of this biosurfactant. To support this effort analytically, a method combining reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was developed, allowing the separation and identification of glycine-glucolipid congeners. Accurate mass, retention time, and characteristic fragmentation pattern were utilized for species assignment. In addition, charged-aerosol detection (CAD) was employed to enable absolute quantification without authentic standards. The methodology was used to investigate the glycine-glucolipid production by A. borkumensis SK2 using different carbon sources. Mass spectrometry allowed us to identify congeners with varying chain lengths (C6-C12) and degrees of unsaturation (0-1 double bonds) in the incorporated 3-hydroxy-alkanoic acids, some previously unknown. Quantification using CAD revealed that the titer was approximately twice as high when grown with hexadecane as with pyruvate (49 mg/L versus 22 mg/L). The main congener for both carbon sources was glc-40:0-gly, accounting for 64% with pyruvate and 85% with hexadecane as sole carbon source. With the here presented analytical suit, complex and varying glycolipids can be identified, characterized, and quantified, as here exemplarily shown for the interesting glycine-glucolipid of A. borkumensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipphardt
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Baccile N, Poirier A, Perez J, Pernot P, Hermida-Merino D, Le Griel P, Blesken CC, Müller C, Blank LM, Tiso T. Self-Assembly of Rhamnolipid Bioamphiphiles: Understanding the Structure-Property Relationship Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 37379248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure-property relationship of rhamnolipids, RLs, well-known microbial bioamphiphiles (biosurfactants), is explored in detail by coupling cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and both ex situ and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The self-assembly of three RLs with reasoned variation of their molecular structure (RhaC10, RhaC10C10, and RhaRhaC10C10) and a rhamnose-free C10C10 fatty acid is studied in water as a function of pH. It is found that RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 form micelles in a broad pH range and RhaC10C10 undergoes a micelle-to-vesicle transition from basic to acid pH occurring at pH 6.5. Modeling coupled to fitting SAXS data allows a good estimation of the hydrophobic core radius (or length), the hydrophilic shell thickness, the aggregation number, and the surface area per RL. The essentially micellar morphology found for RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 and the micelle-to-vesicle transition found for RhaC10C10 are reasonably well explained by employing the packing parameter (PP) model, provided a good estimation of the surface area per RL. On the contrary, the PP model fails to explain the lamellar phase found for the protonated RhaRhaC10C10 at acidic pH. The lamellar phase can only be explained by values of the surface area per RL being counterintuitively small for a di-rhamnose group and folding of the C10C10 chain. These structural features are only possible for a change in the conformation of the di-rhamnose group between the alkaline and acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Poirier
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Javier Perez
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Petra Pernot
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrick Le Griel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian C Blesken
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Conrad Müller
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Pal U, Bachmann D, Blank LM, Tiso T. Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Halotolerant Carotenoid-Producing Strain Paracoccus bogoriensis BOG6 T. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0013323. [PMID: 37067441 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccus spp. are Gram-negative, coccoid bacteria, fascinating for their ability to grow in highly diverse environments while producing commercially relevant products. This study describes the draft genome sequence of the halotolerant, alkaliphilic, and thermotolerant carotenoid-producing type strain Paracoccus bogoriensis BOG6T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Pal
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Xiao D, Blank LM, Tiso T. Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 62031. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0045822. [PMID: 37039700 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00458-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The black-yeast-like Aureobasidium is discussed as a versatile cell factory for many biotechnological applications. This article describes the 25.05-Mb draft genome sequence of Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 62031, which was isolated in Thailand. The genome sequence provides evidence for a plethora of synthesis pathways for valuable secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Xiao
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Bongartz P, Karmainski T, Meyer M, Linkhorst J, Tiso T, Blank LM, Wessling M. A novel membrane stirrer system enables foam-free biosurfactant production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1269-1287. [PMID: 36705321 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactors are the operative backbone, for example, for the production of biopharmaceuticals, biomaterials in tissue engineering, and sustainable substitutes for chemicals. Still, the Achilles' heel of bioreactors nowadays is the aeration which is based on intense stirring and gas sparging, yielding inherent drawbacks such as shear stress, foaming, and sterility concerns. We present the synergistic combination of simulations and experiments toward a membrane stirrer for the efficient bubble-free aeration of bioreactors. A digital twin of the bioreactor with an integrated membrane-module stirrer (MemStir) was developed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies addressing the determination of fluid mixing, shear rates, and local oxygen concentration. Usability of the MemStir is shown in a foam-free recombinant production process of biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) from glucose with different strains of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in a 3-L vessel and benchmarked against a regular aerated process. The MemStir delivered a maximal oxygen transfer rate (OTRmax ) of 175 mmol L-1 h-1 in completely foam-free cultivations. With a high space-time yield (STY) of 118 mgRL L-1 h-1 during a fed-batch fermentation, the effectiveness of the novel MemStir is demonstrated. Simulations show the generic value of the MemStir beyond biosurfactant production, for example, for animal cell cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bongartz
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- Department of Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Department of Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Department of Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Kossmann DF, Huang M, Weihmann R, Xiao X, Gätgens F, Weber TM, Brass HUC, Bitzenhofer NL, Ibrahim S, Bangert K, Rehling L, Mueller C, Tiso T, Blank LM, Drepper T, Jaeger KE, Grundler FMW, Pietruszka J, Schleker ASS, Loeschcke A. Production of tailored hydroxylated prodiginine showing combinatorial activity with rhamnolipids against plant-parasitic nematodes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151882. [PMID: 37200918 PMCID: PMC10187637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites exhibit diverse remarkable bioactivities and are thus the subject of study for different applications. Recently, the individual effectiveness of tripyrrolic prodiginines and rhamnolipids against the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii, which causes tremendous losses in crop plants, was described. Notably, rhamnolipid production in engineered Pseudomonas putida strains has already reached industrial implementation. However, the non-natural hydroxyl-decorated prodiginines, which are of particular interest in this study due to a previously described particularly good plant compatibility and low toxicity, are not as readily accessible. In the present study, a new effective hybrid synthetic route was established. This included the engineering of a novel P. putida strain to provide enhanced levels of a bipyrrole precursor and an optimization of mutasynthesis, i.e., the conversion of chemically synthesized and supplemented monopyrroles to tripyrrolic compounds. Subsequent semisynthesis provided the hydroxylated prodiginine. The prodiginines caused reduced infectiousness of H. schachtii for Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulting from impaired motility and stylet thrusting, providing the first insights on the mode of action in this context. Furthermore, the combined application with rhamnolipids was assessed for the first time and found to be more effective against nematode parasitism than the individual compounds. To obtain, for instance, 50% nematode control, it was sufficient to apply 7.8 μM hydroxylated prodiginine together with 0.7 μg/ml (~ 1.1 μM) di-rhamnolipids, which corresponded to ca. ¼ of the individual EC50 values. In summary, a hybrid synthetic route toward a hydroxylated prodiginine was established and its effects and combinatorial activity with rhamnolipids on plant-parasitic nematode H. schachtii are presented, demonstrating potential application as antinematodal agents. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. Kossmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Huang
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Weihmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - X. Xiao
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Gätgens
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - T. M. Weber
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - H. U. C. Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. L. Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - S. Ibrahim
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - K. Bangert
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - L. Rehling
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Mueller
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Tiso
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. M. Blank
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - K.-E. Jaeger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - J. Pietruszka
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: J. Pietruszka,
| | - A. S. S. Schleker
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- A. S. S. Schleker,
| | - A. Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- A. Loeschcke,
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Weihmann R, Kubicki S, Bitzenhofer NL, Domröse A, Bator I, Kirschen LM, Kofler F, Funk A, Tiso T, Blank LM, Jaeger KE, Drepper T, Thies S, Loeschcke A. The modular pYT vector series employed for chromosomal gene integration and expression to produce carbazoles and glycolipids in P. putida. FEMS Microbes 2022; 4:xtac030. [PMID: 37333445 PMCID: PMC10117823 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of biosynthetic genes in bacterial hosts can enable access to high-value compounds, for which appropriate molecular genetic tools are essential. Therefore, we developed a toolbox of modular vectors, which facilitate chromosomal gene integration and expression in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. To this end, we designed an integrative sequence, allowing customisation regarding the modes of integration (random, at attTn7, or into the 16S rRNA gene), promoters, antibiotic resistance markers as well as fluorescent proteins and enzymes as transcription reporters. We thus established a toolbox of vectors carrying integrative sequences, designated as pYT series, of which we present 27 ready-to-use variants along with a set of strains equipped with unique 'landing pads' for directing a pYT interposon into one specific copy of the 16S rRNA gene. We used genes of the well-described violacein biosynthesis as reporter to showcase random Tn5-based chromosomal integration leading to constitutive expression and production of violacein and deoxyviolacein. Deoxyviolacein was likewise produced after gene integration into the 16S rRNA gene of rrn operons. Integration in the attTn7 site was used to characterise the suitability of different inducible promoters and successive strain development for the metabolically challenging production of mono-rhamnolipids. Finally, to establish arcyriaflavin A production in P. putida for the first time, we compared different integration and expression modes, revealing integration at attTn7 and expression with NagR/PnagAa to be most suitable. In summary, the new toolbox can be utilised for the rapid generation of various types of P. putida expression and production strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Weihmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kubicki
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nora Lisa Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Domröse
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Kirschen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Franziska Kofler
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Aileen Funk
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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10
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Tiso T, Filbig M, Peschel G, Weiser S, Blank L, Regestein L. From gene to process: Biosurfactant production by
Pseudomonas putida. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - M. Filbig
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - G. Peschel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
| | - S. Weiser
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
| | - L. Blank
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - L. Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
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11
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Bachmann D, Wirtz P, Tiso T, Blank LM. High Cell Density Cultivation of
Paracoccus pantotrophus
for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bachmann
- RWTH Aachen Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - P. Wirtz
- RWTH Aachen Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - L M. Blank
- RWTH Aachen Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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12
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Bongartz P, Karmainski T, Meyer M, Linkhorst J, Tiso T, Blank L, Wessling M. The membrane stirrer: Solution for bubble‐less aeration of bioprocesses. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bongartz
- RWTH Aachen University Chemical Process Engineering (AVT. CVT) Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - T. Karmainski
- RWTH Aachen University iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- RWTH Aachen University Chemical Process Engineering (AVT. CVT) Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - J. Linkhorst
- RWTH Aachen University Chemical Process Engineering (AVT. CVT) Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen University iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - L. M. Blank
- RWTH Aachen University iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - M. Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University Chemical Process Engineering (AVT. CVT) Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Johann S, Weichert FG, Schröer L, Stratemann L, Kämpfer C, Seiler TB, Heger S, Töpel A, Sassmann T, Pich A, Jakob F, Schwaneberg U, Stoffels P, Philipp M, Terfrüchte M, Loeschcke A, Schipper K, Feldbrügge M, Ihling N, Büchs J, Bator I, Tiso T, Blank LM, Roß-Nickoll M, Hollert H. A plea for the integration of Green Toxicology in sustainable bioeconomy strategies - Biosurfactants and microgel-based pesticide release systems as examples. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:127800. [PMID: 34865895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of the transformation of the economic sector towards a sustainable bioeconomy is the development of environmentally friendly alternatives for hitherto used chemicals, which have negative impacts on environmental health. However, the implementation of an ecotoxicological hazard assessment at early steps of product development to elaborate the most promising candidates of lowest harm is scarce in industry practice. The present article introduces the interdisciplinary proof-of-concept project GreenToxiConomy, which shows the successful application of a Green Toxicology strategy for biosurfactants and a novel microgel-based pesticide release system. Both groups are promising candidates for industrial and agricultural applications and the ecotoxicological characterization is yet missing important information. An iterative substance- and application-oriented bioassay battery for acute and mechanism-specific toxicity within aquatic and terrestrial model species is introduced for both potentially hazardous materials getting into contact with humans and ending up in the environment. By applying in silico QSAR-based models on genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, skin sensitization and acute toxicity to algae, daphnids and fish, individual biosurfactants resulted in deviating toxicity, suggesting a pre-ranking of the compounds. Experimental toxicity assessment will further complement the predicted toxicity to elaborate the most promising candidates in an efficient pre-screening of new substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Fabian G Weichert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Schröer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Stratemann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kämpfer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heger
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Töpel
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Sassmann
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Jakob
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Stoffels
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus Philipp
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Terfrüchte
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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14
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Tiso T, Winter B, Wei R, Hee J, de Witt J, Wierckx N, Quicker P, Bornscheuer UT, Bardow A, Nogales J, Blank LM. The metabolic potential of plastics as biotechnological carbon sources - Review and targets for the future. Metab Eng 2021; 71:77-98. [PMID: 34952231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plastic crisis requires drastic measures, especially for the plastics' end-of-life. Mixed plastic fractions are currently difficult to recycle, but microbial metabolism might open new pathways. With new technologies for degradation of plastics to oligo- and monomers, these carbon sources can be used in biotechnology for the upcycling of plastic waste to valuable products, such as bioplastics and biosurfactants. We briefly summarize well-known monomer degradation pathways and computed their theoretical yields for industrially interesting products. With this information in hand, we calculated replacement scenarios of existing fossil-based synthesis routes for the same products. Thereby, we highlight fossil-based products for which plastic monomers might be attractive alternative carbon sources. Notably, not the highest yield of product on substrate of the biochemical route, but rather the (in-)efficiency of the petrochemical routes (i.e., carbon, energy use) determines the potential of biochemical plastic upcycling. Our results might serve as a guide for future metabolic engineering efforts towards a sustainable plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Winter
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johann Hee
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Quicker
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK 10), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Demling P, Ankenbauer A, Klein B, Noack S, Tiso T, Takors R, Blank LM. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 endures temporary oxygen limitations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4735-4750. [PMID: 34506651 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The obligate aerobic nature of Pseudomonas putida, one of the most prominent whole-cell biocatalysts emerging for industrial bioprocesses, questions its ability to be cultivated in large-scale bioreactors, which exhibit zones of low dissolved oxygen tension. P. putida KT2440 was repeatedly subjected to temporary oxygen limitations in scale-down approaches to assess the effect on growth and an exemplary production of rhamnolipids. At those conditions, the growth and production of P. putida KT2440 were decelerated compared to well-aerated reference cultivations, but remarkably, final biomass and rhamnolipid titers were similar. The robust growth behavior was confirmed across different cultivation systems, media compositions, and laboratories, even when P. putida KT2440 was repeatedly exposed to dual carbon and oxygen starvation. Quantification of the nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP revealed a decrease of intracellular ATP concentrations with increasing duration of oxygen starvation, which can, however, be restored when re-supplied with oxygen. Only small changes in the proteome were detected when cells encountered oscillations in dissolved oxygen tensions. Concluding, P. putida KT2440 appears to be able to cope with repeated oxygen limitations as they occur in large-scale bioreactors, affirming its outstanding suitability as a whole-cell biocatalyst for industrial-scale bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Demling
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ankenbauer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bianca Klein
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Ballerstedt H, Tiso T, Wierckx N, Wei R, Averous L, Bornscheuer U, O’Connor K, Floehr T, Jupke A, Klankermayer J, Liu L, de Lorenzo V, Narancic T, Nogales J, Perrin R, Pollet E, Prieto A, Casey W, Haarmann T, Sarbu A, Schwaneberg U, Xin F, Dong W, Xing J, Chen GQ, Tan T, Jiang M, Blank LM. MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities: EU Horizon 2020 project MIX-UP started January 2020. Environ Sci Eur 2021; 33:99. [PMID: 34458054 PMCID: PMC8380104 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces the EU Horizon 2020 research project MIX-UP, "Mixed plastics biodegradation and upcycling using microbial communities". The project focuses on changing the traditional linear value chain of plastics to a sustainable, biodegradable based one. Plastic mixtures contain five of the top six fossil-based recalcitrant plastics [polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PUR), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS)], along with upcoming bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polylactate (PLA) will be used as feedstock for microbial transformations. Consecutive controlled enzymatic and microbial degradation of mechanically pre-treated plastics wastes combined with subsequent microbial conversion to polymers and value-added chemicals by mixed cultures. Known plastic-degrading enzymes will be optimised by integrated protein engineering to achieve high specific binding capacities, stability, and catalytic efficacy towards a broad spectrum of plastic polymers under high salt and temperature conditions. Another focus lies in the search and isolation of novel enzymes active on recalcitrant polymers. MIX-UP will formulate enzyme cocktails tailored to specific waste streams and strives to enhance enzyme production significantly. In vivo and in vitro application of these cocktails enable stable, self-sustaining microbiomes to convert the released plastic monomers selectively into value-added products, key building blocks, and biomass. Any remaining material recalcitrant to the enzymatic activities will be recirculated into the process by physicochemical treatment. The Chinese-European MIX-UP consortium is multidisciplinary and industry-participating to address the market need for novel sustainable routes to valorise plastic waste streams. The project's new workflow realises a circular (bio)plastic economy and adds value to present poorly recycled plastic wastes where mechanical and chemical plastic recycling show limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ballerstedt
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin O’Connor
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tilman Floehr
- everwave GmbH, Strüverweg 116, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering, Aachen Process Technology (AVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology (CLST), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beisanhuan EastRoad 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 PR China
| | - Victor de Lorenzo
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanja Narancic
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Juan Nogales
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rémi Perrin
- SOPREMA, Direction R&D, 14 Rue Saint Nazaire, 67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - William Casey
- Bioplastech Ltd., Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Haarmann
- AB Enzymes GmbH, Feldbergstraße 78, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexandru Sarbu
- SOPREMA, Direction R&D, 14 Rue Saint Nazaire, 67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fengxue Xin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 PR China
| | - Jiamin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190 PR China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences (SLS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology (CLST), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beisanhuan EastRoad 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 PR China
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Bongartz P, Bator I, Baitalow K, Keller R, Tiso T, Blank LM, Wessling M. A scalable bubble-free membrane aerator for biosurfactant production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3545-3558. [PMID: 34002856 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioeconomy is a paramount pillar in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Still, the industrialization of bioprocesses is limited by economical and technical obstacles. The synthesis of biosurfactants as advanced substitutes for crude-oil-based surfactants is often restrained by excessive foaming. We present the synergistic combination of simulations and experiments towards a reactor design of a submerged membrane module for the efficient bubble-free aeration of bioreactors. A digital twin of the combined bioreactor and membrane aeration module was created and the membrane arrangement was optimized in computational fluid dynamics studies with respect to fluid mixing. The optimized design was prototyped and tested in whole-cell biocatalysis to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants from sugars. Without any foam formation, the new design enables a considerable higher space-time yield compared to previous studies with membrane modules. The design approach of this study is of generic nature beyond rhamnolipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bongartz
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Baitalow
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Keller
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI Leibniz - Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Tiso T, Narancic T, Wei R, Pollet E, Beagan N, Schröder K, Honak A, Jiang M, Kenny ST, Wierckx N, Perrin R, Avérous L, Zimmermann W, O'Connor K, Blank LM. Towards bio-upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate. Metab Eng 2021; 66:167-178. [PMID: 33865980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over 359 million tons of plastics were produced worldwide in 2018, with significant growth expected in the near future, resulting in the global challenge of end-of-life management. The recent identification of enzymes that degrade plastics previously considered non-biodegradable opens up opportunities to steer the plastic recycling industry into the realm of biotechnology. Here, the sequential conversion of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into two types of bioplastics is presented: a medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and a novel bio-based poly(amide urethane) (bio-PU). PET films are hydrolyzed by a thermostable polyester hydrolase yielding highly pure terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The obtained hydrolysate is used directly as a feedstock for a terephthalate-degrading Pseudomonas umsongensis GO16, also evolved to efficiently metabolize ethylene glycol, to produce PHA. The strain is further modified to secrete hydroxyalkanoyloxy-alkanoates (HAAs), which are used as monomers for the chemo-catalytic synthesis of bio-PU. In short, a novel value-chain for PET upcycling is shown that circumvents the costly purification of PET monomers, adding technological flexibility to the global challenge of end-of-life management of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Narancic
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Niall Beagan
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katja Schröder
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annett Honak
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mengying Jiang
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; SOPREMA, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, F-67025 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Shane T Kenny
- Bioplastech Ltd., NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nick Wierckx
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rémi Perrin
- SOPREMA, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, F-67025 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Herzog M, Li L, Blesken CC, Welsing G, Tiso T, Blank LM, Winter R. Impact of the number of rhamnose moieties of rhamnolipids on the structure, lateral organization and morphology of model biomembranes. Soft Matter 2021; 17:3191-3206. [PMID: 33621291 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have described remarkable biological activities and surface-active properties of rhamnolipids, leading to their proposed use in a wide range of industrial applications. Here, we report on a study of the effects of monorhamnolipid RhaC10C10 and dirhamnolipid RhaRhaC10C10 incorporation into model membranes of varying complexity, including bacterial and heterogeneous model biomembranes. For comparison, we studied the effect of HAA (C10C10, lacking a sugar headgroup) partitioning into these membrane systems. AFM, confocal fluorescence microscopy, DSC, and Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to yield insights into the rhamnolipid-induced morphological changes of lipid vesicles as well as modifications of the lipid order and lateral membrane organization of the model biomembranes upon partitioning of the different rhamnolipids. The partitioning of the three rhamnolipids into phospholipid bilayers changes the phase behavior, fluidity, lateral lipid organization and morphology of the phospholipid membranes dramatically, to what extent, depends on the headgroup structure of the rhamnolipid, which affects its packing and hydrogen bonding capacity. The incorporation into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of a heterogeneous anionic raft membrane system revealed budding of domains and fission of daughter vesicles and small aggregates for all three rhamnolipids, with major destabilization of the lipid vesicles upon insertion of RhaC10C10, and also formation of huge GUVs upon the incorporation of RhaRhaC10C10. Finally, we discuss the results with regard to the role these biosurfactants play in biology and their possible impact on applications, ranging from agricultural to pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Herzog
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Street 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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20
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Welsing G, Wolter B, Hintzen HMT, Tiso T, Blank LM. Upcycling of hydrolyzed PET by microbial conversion to a fatty acid derivative. Methods Enzymol 2021; 648:391-421. [PMID: 33579413 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) results in a hydrolysate consisting almost exclusively of its two monomers, ethylene glycol and terephthalate. To biologically valorize the PET hydrolysate, microbial upcycling into high-value products is proposed. Fatty acid derivatives hydroxyalkanoyloxy alkanoates (HAAs) represent such valuable target molecules. HAAs exhibit surface-active properties and can be exploited in the catalytical conversion to drop-in biofuels as well as in the polymerization to bio-based poly(amide urethane). This chapter presents the genetic engineering methods of pseudomonads for the metabolization of PET monomers and the biosynthesis of HAAs with detailed protocols concerning product purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Welsing
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Birger Wolter
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henric M T Hintzen
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Blesken CC, Strümpfler T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Uncoupling Foam Fractionation and Foam Adsorption for Enhanced Biosurfactant Synthesis and Recovery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122029. [PMID: 33353027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biosurfactants is often hampered by excessive foaming in the bioreactor, impacting system scale-up and downstream processing. Foam fractionation was proposed to tackle this challenge by combining in situ product removal with a pre-purification step. In previous studies, foam fractionation was coupled to bioreactor operation, hence it was operated at suboptimal parameters. Here, we use an external fractionation column to decouple biosurfactant production from foam fractionation, enabling continuous surfactant separation, which is especially suited for system scale-up. As a subsequent product recovery step, continuous foam adsorption was integrated into the process. The configuration is evaluated for rhamnolipid (RL) or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., RL precursor) production by recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Surfactant concentrations of 7.5 gRL/L and 2.0 gHAA/L were obtained in the fractionated foam. 4.7 g RLs and 2.8 g HAAs could be separated in the 2-stage recovery process within 36 h from a 2 L culture volume. With a culture volume scale-up to 9 L, 16 g RLs were adsorbed, and the space-time yield (STY) increased by 31% to 0.21 gRL/L·h. We demonstrate a well-performing process design for biosurfactant production and recovery as a contribution to a vital bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Blesken
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tessa Strümpfler
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Herzog M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Winter R. Interaction of rhamnolipids with model biomembranes of varying complexity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2020; 1862:183431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Scholz K, Lipphardt A, Wienken CM, Tiso T, Hayen H. Hyphenation of supercritical fluid chromatography with different detection methods for identification and quantification of liamocin biosurfactants. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Bator I, Karmainski T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Corrigendum: Killing Two Birds With One Stone - Strain Engineering Facilitates the Development of a Unique Rhamnolipid Production Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:596414. [PMID: 33117791 PMCID: PMC7576688 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.596414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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25
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Blesken CC, Bator I, Eberlein C, Heipieper HJ, Tiso T, Blank LM. Genetic Cell-Surface Modification for Optimized Foam Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:572892. [PMID: 33195133 PMCID: PMC7658403 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are among the glycolipids that have been investigated intensively in the last decades, mostly produced by the facultative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using plant oils as carbon source and antifoam agent. Simplification of downstream processing is envisaged using hydrophilic carbon sources, such as glucose, employing recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for rhamnolipid or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., rhamnolipid precursors) production. However, during scale-up of the cultivation from shake flask to bioreactor, excessive foam formation hinders the use of standard fermentation protocols. In this study, the foam was guided from the reactor to a foam fractionation column to separate biosurfactants from medium and bacterial cells. Applying this integrated unit operation, the space-time yield (STY) for rhamnolipid synthesis could be increased by a factor of 2.8 (STY = 0.17 gRL/L·h) compared to the production in shake flasks. The accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface of the foam resulted in removal of whole-cell biocatalyst from the reactor with the strong consequence of reduced rhamnolipid production. To diminish the accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface, we deleted genes encoding cell-surface structures, focusing on hydrophobic proteins present on P. putida KT2440. Strains lacking, e.g., the flagellum, fimbriae, exopolysaccharides, and specific surface proteins, were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity and foam adsorption. Without flagellum or the large adhesion protein F (LapF), foam enrichment of these modified P. putida KT2440 was reduced by 23 and 51%, respectively. In a bioreactor cultivation of the non-motile strain with integrated rhamnolipid production genes, biomass enrichment in the foam was reduced by 46% compared to the reference strain. The intensification of rhamnolipid production from hydrophilic carbon sources presented here is an example for integrated strain and process engineering. This approach will become routine in the development of whole-cell catalysts for the envisaged bioeconomy. The results are discussed in the context of the importance of interacting strain and process engineering early in the development of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C. Blesken
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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26
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Jeck V, Froning M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hayen H. Double bond localization in unsaturated rhamnolipid precursors 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applying online Paternò-Büchi reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5601-5613. [PMID: 32627084 PMCID: PMC7413879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are biomolecules with a broad variety of chemical structures, which renders them essential not only for various biological functions but also interestingly for biotechnological applications. Rhamnolipids are microbial glycolipids with surface-active properties and are widely used biosurfactants. They are composed of one or two L-rhamnoses and up to three hydroxy fatty acids. Their biosynthetic precursors are 3-hydroxy(alkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs). The latter are also present in cell supernatants as complex mixtures and are extensively studied for their potential to replace synthetically derived surfactants. The carbon chain lengths of HAAs determine their physical properties, such as their abilities to foam and emulsify, and their critical micelle concentration. Despite growing biotechnological interest, methods for structural elucidation are limited and often rely on hydrolysis and analysis of free hydroxy fatty acids losing the connectivity information. Therefore, a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for comprehensive structural characterization of intact HAAs. Information is provided on chain length and number of double bonds in each hydroxy fatty acid and their linkage by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Post-column photochemical derivatization by online Paternὸ-Büchi reaction and MS/MS fragmentation experiments generated diagnostic fragments allowing structural characterization down to the double bond position level. Furthermore, the presented experiments demonstrate a powerful approach for structure elucidation of complex lipids by tailored fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Jeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety - LAVES, Martin-Niemöller-Str. 2, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matti Froning
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Demling P, von Campenhausen M, Tiso T, Jupke A, Blank L. Bioprocess intensification in a novel multiphase loop reactor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Demling
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - M. von Campenhausen
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Fluid Process Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - A. Jupke
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Fluid Process Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - L. M. Blank
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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28
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Kubicki S, Bator I, Jankowski S, Schipper K, Tiso T, Feldbrügge M, Blank LM, Thies S, Jaeger KE. A Straightforward Assay for Screening and Quantification of Biosurfactants in Microbial Culture Supernatants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:958. [PMID: 32974305 PMCID: PMC7468441 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large variety of microorganisms produces biosurfactants with the potential for a number of diverse industrial applications. To identify suitable wild-type or engineered production strains, efficient screening methods are needed, allowing for rapid and reliable quantification of biosurfactants in multiple cultures, preferably at high throughput. To this end, we have established a novel and sensitive assay for the quantification of biosurfactants based on the dye Victoria Pure Blue BO (VPBO). The assay allows the colorimetric assessment of biosurfactants directly in culture supernatants and does not require extraction or concentration procedures. Working ranges were determined for precise quantification of different rhamnolipid biosurfactants; titers in culture supernatants of recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 calculated by this assay were confirmed to be the same ranges detected by independent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-charged aerosol detector (CAD) analyses. The assay was successfully applied for detection of chemically different anionic or non-ionic biosurfactants including mono- and di-rhamnolipids (glycolipids), mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs, glycolipids), 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acids (fatty acid conjugates), serrawettin W1 (lipopeptide), and N-acyltyrosine (lipoamino acid). In summary, the VPBO assay offers a broad range of applications including the comparative evaluation of different cultivation conditions and high-throughput screening of biosurfactant-producing microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kubicki
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Jankowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
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29
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Tiso T, Ihling N, Kubicki S, Biselli A, Schonhoff A, Bator I, Thies S, Karmainski T, Kruth S, Willenbrink AL, Loeschcke A, Zapp P, Jupke A, Jaeger KE, Büchs J, Blank LM. Integration of Genetic and Process Engineering for Optimized Rhamnolipid Production Using Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:976. [PMID: 32974309 PMCID: PMC7468518 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants produced by microorganisms with the potential to replace synthetic compounds with petrochemical origin. To promote industrial use of rhamnolipids, recombinant rhamnolipid production from sugars needs to be intensified. Since this remains challenging, the aim of the presented research is to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to take a step toward developing a sustainable rhamnolipid production process. Here, we developed expression cassettes for stable integration of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes into the genome outperformed plasmid-based expression systems. Furthermore, the genetic stability of the production strain was improved by using an inducible promoter. To enhance rhamnolipid synthesis, energy- and/or carbon-consuming traits were removed: mutants negative for the synthesis of the flagellar machinery or the storage polymer PHA showed increased production by 50%. Variation of time of induction resulted in an 18% increase in titers. A scale-up from shake flasks was carried out using a 1-L bioreactor. By recycling of the foam, biomass loss could be minimized and a rhamnolipid titer of up to 1.5 g/L was achieved without using mechanical foam destroyers or antifoaming agents. Subsequent liquid-liquid extraction was optimized by using a suitable minimal medium during fermentation to reduce undesired interphase formation. A technical-scale production process was designed and evaluated by a life-cycle assessment (LCA). Different process chains and their specific environmental impact were examined. It was found that next to biomass supply, the fermentation had the biggest environmental impact. The present work underlines the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address the challenges associated with achieving sustainable production of microbial secondary metabolites. The results are discussed in the context of the challenges of microbial biosurfactant production using hydrophilic substrates on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kubicki
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Biselli
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schonhoff
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruth
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Willenbrink
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Zapp
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Bator I, Karmainski T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Killing Two Birds With One Stone - Strain Engineering Facilitates the Development of a Unique Rhamnolipid Production Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:899. [PMID: 32850747 PMCID: PMC7427536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-titer biosurfactant production in aerated fermenters using hydrophilic substrates is often hampered by excessive foaming. Ethanol has been shown to efficiently destabilize foam of rhamnolipids, a popular group of biosurfactants. To exploit this feature, we used ethanol as carbon source and defoamer, without introducing novel challenges for rhamnolipid purification. In detail, we engineered the non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for heterologous rhamnolipid production from ethanol. To obtain a strain with high growth rate on ethanol as sole carbon source at elevated ethanol concentrations, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed. Genome re-sequencing allowed to allocate the phenotypic changes to emerged mutations. Several genes were affected and differentially expressed including alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, potentially contributing to the increased growth rate on ethanol of 0.51 h-1 after ALE. Further, mutations in genes were found, which possibly led to increased ethanol tolerance. The engineered rhamnolipid producer was used in a fed-batch fermentation with automated ethanol addition over 23 h, which resulted in a 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoates and mono-rhamnolipids concentration of about 5 g L-1. The ethanol concomitantly served as carbon source and defoamer with the advantage of increased rhamnolipid and biomass production. In summary, we present a unique combination of strain and process engineering that facilitated the development of a stable fed-batch fermentation for rhamnolipid production, circumventing mechanical or chemical foam disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Bator I, Wittgens A, Rosenau F, Tiso T, Blank LM. Comparison of Three Xylose Pathways in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the Synthesis of Valuable Products. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:480. [PMID: 32010683 PMCID: PMC6978631 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a well-established chassis in industrial biotechnology. To increase the substrate spectrum, we implemented three alternative xylose utilization pathways, namely the Isomerase, Weimberg, and Dahms pathways. The synthetic operons contain genes from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas taiwanensis. For isolating the Dahms pathway in P. putida KT2440 two genes (PP_2836 and PP_4283), encoding an endogenous enzyme of the Weimberg pathway and a regulator for glycolaldehyde degradation, were deleted. Before and after adaptive laboratory evolution, these strains were characterized in terms of growth and synthesis of mono-rhamnolipids and pyocyanin. The engineered strain using the Weimberg pathway reached the highest maximal growth rate of 0.30 h-1. After adaptive laboratory evolution the lag phase was reduced significantly. The highest titers of 720 mg L-1 mono-rhamnolipids and 30 mg L-1 pyocyanin were reached by the evolved strain using the Weimberg or an engineered strain using the Isomerase pathway, respectively. The different stoichiometries of the three xylose utilization pathways may allow engineering of tailored chassis for valuable bioproduct synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wittgens
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Blank LM, Narancic T, Mampel J, Tiso T, O'Connor K. Biotechnological upcycling of plastic waste and other non-conventional feedstocks in a circular economy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 62:212-219. [PMID: 31881445 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The envisaged circular economy requires absolute carbon efficiency and in the long run abstinence from fossil feedstocks, and integration of industrial production with end-of-life waste management. Non-conventional feedstocks arising from industrial production and societal consumption such as CO2 and plastic waste may soon enable manufacture of multiple products from simple bulk chemicals to pharmaceuticals using biotechnology. The change to these feedstocks could be faster than expected by many, especially if the true cost, including the carbon footprint of products, is considered. The efficiency of biotechnological processes can be improved through metabolic engineering, which can help fulfill the promises of the Paris agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Narancic
- BEACON SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jörg Mampel
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Str. 34-36, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- BEACON SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Saur KM, Brumhard O, Scholz K, Hayen H, Tiso T. A pH shift induces high-titer liamocin production in Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4741-4752. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Leuchtle B, Blesken C, Tiso T, Blank L. Steigerung der mikrobiellen Produktion von Plattformmolekülen zur Oktanolsynthese durch Prozess- und Stammentwicklung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Leuchtle
- RWTH Aachen; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - C. Blesken
- RWTH Aachen; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - L. M. Blank
- RWTH Aachen; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Kubicki S, Weihmann R, Bator I, Domröse A, Loeschcke A, Drepper T, Tiso T, Blanck L, Jäger K, Thies S. Konstruktion von Pseudomonas putida
-Stämmen zur heterologen Produktion von Rhamnolipiden. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kubicki
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - R. Weihmann
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - I. Bator
- RWTH Aachen Universität; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - A. Domröse
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - A. Loeschcke
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Drepper
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen Universität; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - L. Blanck
- RWTH Aachen Universität; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - K. E. Jäger
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften - Biotechnologie (IBG-1); Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - S. Thies
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
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Scholz K, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hayen H. Mass spectrometric characterization of siderophores produced by Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 assisted by stable isotope labeling of nitrogen source. Biometals 2018; 31:785-795. [PMID: 29956040 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The structures of three previously unknown siderophores produced by the fluorescent, biotechnologically relevant Pseudomonas taiwanensis (P. taiwanensis) VLB120 bacteria were elucidated by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) hyphenated to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). They could be verified as iron(III)- and aluminum(III) complexes as well as the protonated molecules of the siderophores formed by in-source fragmentation. The siderophores were separated according to their different acyl side chains and additionally according their central ions. One of the siderophores was identified as pyoverdine with a malic acid (hydroxy succinic acid) amide side chain and a peptide moiety consisting of Orn-Asp-OHAsn-Thr-AcOHOrn-Ser-cOHOrn. The other analytes were assigned to an azotobactin with the identical peptide chain linked to the characteristic chromophoric unit and a pyoverdine with a variation in the amino acid sequence. Proline is directly linked to the pyoverdine chromophore instead of ornithine. Acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses were carried out to analyze the individual amino acids. Beside OHAsn, each amino acid of the peptide part was identified by HILIC-HRMS and comparison to authentic standards. Additionally, 15N-labeled cellular supernatants were analyzed by means of HRMS/MS. The results of the MS/MS experiments complemented by accurate mass data facilitated elucidation of the structures studied in this work and provided further confirmation of the three recently described pyoverdines of P. taiwanensis VLB120 (Baune et al. in Biometals 30:589-597, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-017-0029-7 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Scholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Wittgens A, Santiago-Schuebel B, Henkel M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hausmann R, Hofmann D, Wilhelm S, Jaeger KE, Rosenau F. Heterologous production of long-chain rhamnolipids from Burkholderia glumae in Pseudomonas putida—a step forward to tailor-made rhamnolipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1229-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tiso T, Zauter R, Tulke H, Leuchtle B, Li WJ, Behrens B, Wittgens A, Rosenau F, Hayen H, Blank LM. Designer rhamnolipids by reduction of congener diversity: production and characterization. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:225. [PMID: 29241456 PMCID: PMC5729600 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants featuring surface-active properties that render them suitable for a broad range of industrial applications. These properties include their emulsification and foaming capacity, critical micelle concentration, and ability to lower surface tension. Further, aspects like biocompatibility and environmental friendliness are becoming increasingly important. Rhamnolipids are mainly produced by pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We previously designed and constructed a recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which synthesizes rhamnolipids by decoupling production from host-intrinsic regulations and cell growth. Results Here, the molecular structure of the rhamnolipids, i.e., different congeners produced by engineered P. putida are reported. Natural rhamnolipid producers can synthesize mono- and di-rhamnolipids, containing one or two rhamnose molecules, respectively. Of each type of rhamnolipid four main congeners are produced, deviating in the chain lengths of the β-hydroxy-fatty acids. The resulting eight main rhamnolipid congeners with variable numbers of hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues and their mixtures feature different physico-chemical properties that might lead to diverse applications. We engineered a microbial cell factory to specifically produce three different biosurfactant mixtures: a mixture of di- and mono-rhamnolipids, mono-rhamnolipids only, and hydroxyalkanoyloxy alkanoates, the precursors of rhamnolipid synthesis, consisting only of β-hydroxy-fatty acids. To support the possibility of second generation biosurfactant production with our engineered microbial cell factory, we demonstrate rhamnolipid production from sustainable carbon sources, including glycerol and xylose. A simple purification procedure resulted in biosurfactants with purities of up to 90%. Finally, through determination of properties specific for surface active compounds, we were able to show that the different mixtures indeed feature different physico-chemical characteristics. Conclusions The approach demonstrated here is a first step towards the production of designer biosurfactants, tailor-made for specific applications by purposely adjusting the congener composition of the mixtures. Not only were we able to genetically engineer our cell factory to produce specific biosurfactant mixtures, but we also showed that the products are suited for different applications. These designer biosurfactants can be produced as part of a biorefinery from second generation carbon sources such as xylose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-017-0838-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rabea Zauter
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Tulke
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Leuchtle
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wing-Jin Li
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Doehler GmbH, Riedstraße 7-9, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Wittgens
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm-University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm-University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Wittgens A, Kovacic F, Müller MM, Gerlitzki M, Santiago-Schübel B, Hofmann D, Tiso T, Blank LM, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Syldatk C, Wilhelm S, Rosenau F. Novel insights into biosynthesis and uptake of rhamnolipids and their precursors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2865-2878. [PMID: 27988798 PMCID: PMC5352749 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces rhamnolipids, glycolipids with functions for bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and uptake of hydrophobic substrates. Rhamnolipids represent a chemically heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites composed of one or two rhamnose molecules linked to one or mostly two 3-hydroxyfatty acids of various chain lengths. The biosynthetic pathway involves rhamnosyltransferase I encoded by the rhlAB operon, which synthesizes 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs) followed by their coupling to one rhamnose moiety. The resulting mono-rhamnolipids are converted to di-rhamnolipids in a third reaction catalyzed by the rhamnosyltransferase II RhlC. However, the mechanism behind the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids containing only a single fatty acid is still unknown. To understand the role of proteins involved in rhamnolipid biosynthesis the heterologous expression of rhl-genes in non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains was used in this study to circumvent the complex quorum sensing regulation in P. aeruginosa. Our results reveal that RhlA and RhlB are independently involved in rhamnolipid biosynthesis and not in the form of a RhlAB heterodimer complex as it has been previously postulated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mono-rhamnolipids provided extracellularly as well as HAAs as their precursors are generally taken up into the cell and are subsequently converted to di-rhamnolipids by P. putida and the native host P. aeruginosa. Finally, our results throw light on the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids containing one fatty acid, which occurs by hydrolyzation of typical rhamnolipids containing two fatty acids, valuable for the production of designer rhamnolipids with desired physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wittgens
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Enzyme Technology (IMET), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute for Molecular Enzyme Technology (IMET), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Michael Müller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biopharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Melanie Gerlitzki
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beatrix Santiago-Schübel
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Section Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Wilhelm
- Institute for Molecular Enzyme Technology (IMET), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,iQu Collegiate-Didactics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Enzyme Technology (IMET), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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Blank L, Germer A, Tiso T. From Niche to Bulk - Glycolipids and Derivatives Synthesized from Sugar. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Behrens B, Helmer PO, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hayen H. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant analysis using online turbulent flow chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1465:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tiso T, Sabelhaus P, Behrens B, Wittgens A, Rosenau F, Hayen H, Blank LM. Creating metabolic demand as an engineering strategy in Pseudomonas putida - Rhamnolipid synthesis as an example. Metab Eng Commun 2016; 3:234-244. [PMID: 29142825 PMCID: PMC5678820 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories for the production of heterologous secondary metabolites implicitly relies on the intensification of intracellular flux directed toward the product of choice. Apart from reactions following peripheral pathways, enzymes of the central carbon metabolism are usually targeted for the enhancement of precursor supply. In Pseudomonas putida, a Gram-negative soil bacterium, central carbon metabolism, i.e., the reactions required for the synthesis of all 12 biomass precursors, was shown to be regulated at the metabolic level and not at the transcriptional level. The bacterium's central carbon metabolism appears to be driven by demand to react rapidly to ever-changing environmental conditions. In contrast, peripheral pathways that are only required for growth under certain conditions are regulated transcriptionally. In this work, we show that this regulation regime can be exploited for metabolic engineering. We tested this driven-by-demand metabolic engineering strategy using rhamnolipid production as an example. Rhamnolipid synthesis relies on two pathways, i.e., fatty acid de novo synthesis and the rhamnose pathway, providing the required precursors hydroxyalkanoyloxy-alkanoic acid (HAA) and activated (dTDP-)rhamnose, respectively. In contrast to single-pathway molecules, rhamnolipid synthesis causes demand for two central carbon metabolism intermediates, i.e., acetyl-CoA for HAA and glucose-6-phosphate for rhamnose synthesis. Following the above-outlined strategy of driven by demand, a synthetic promoter library was developed to identify the optimal expression of the two essential genes (rhlAB) for rhamnolipid synthesis. The best rhamnolipid-synthesizing strain had a yield of 40% rhamnolipids on sugar [CmolRL/CmolGlc], which is approximately 55% of the theoretical yield. The rate of rhamnolipid synthesis of this strain was also high. Compared to an exponentially growing wild type, the rhamnose pathway increased its flux by 300%, whereas the flux through de novo fatty acid synthesis increased by 50%. We show that the central carbon metabolism of P. putida is capable of meeting the metabolic demand generated by engineering transcription in peripheral pathways, thereby enabling a significant rerouting of carbon flux toward the product of interest, in this case, rhamnolipids of industrial interest. Synthetic demand was created by the introduction of the rhamnolipid synthesis genes. A high demand was achieved using a strong synthetic promoter. Pseudomonas putida responded to demand by increasing flux towards required central carbon metabolites. High rhamnolipid carbon yield of 40% was achieved.
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Key Words
- Biosurfactant
- CCM, central carbon metabolism
- CDW, cell dry weight
- Driven by demand
- ED pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway
- FBA, flux balance analysis
- HAA, hydroxyalkanoyloxy-alkanoic acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Metabolic control
- Non-pathogenic Pseudomonas
- PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PP pathway, pentose phosphate pathway
- RL, rhamnolipid
- Rhamnolipid
- Synthetic promoter
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Sabelhaus
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Wittgens
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Johann S, Seiler TB, Tiso T, Bluhm K, Blank LM, Hollert H. Mechanism-specific and whole-organism ecotoxicity of mono-rhamnolipids. Sci Total Environ 2016; 548-549:155-163. [PMID: 26802344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants like rhamnolipids are promising alternatives to chemical surfactants in a range of applications. A wider use requires an analysis of their environmental fate and their ecotoxicological potential. In the present study mono-rhamnolipids produced by a recombinant Pseudomonas putida strain were analyzed using the Green Toxicology concept for acute and mechanism-specific toxicity in an ecotoxicological test battery. Acute toxicity tests with the invertebrate Daphnia magna and with zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were performed. In addition, microbial and fungicidal effectiveness was investigated. Mutagenicity of the sample was tested by means of the Ames fluctuation assay. A selected mono-rhamnolipid was used for model simulations regarding mutagenicity and estrogenic activity. Our results indicate that mono-rhamnolipids cause acute toxicity to daphnids and zebrafish embryos comparable to or even lower than chemical surfactants. Rhamnolipids showed very low toxicity to the germination of Aspergillus niger spores and the growth of Candida albicans. No frameshift mutation or base substitutions were observed using the Ames fluctuation assay with the two tester strains TA98 and TA100. This result was confirmed by model simulations. Likewise it was computed that rhamnolipids have no estrogenic potential. In conclusion, mono-rhamnolipids are an environmental friendly alternative to chemical surfactants as the ecotoxicological potential is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Inst. for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Inst. for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt. Institute of Applied Microbiology iAMB, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bluhm
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Inst. for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt. Institute of Applied Microbiology iAMB, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Inst. for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Behrens B, Engelen J, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hayen H. Characterization of rhamnolipids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2505-14. [PMID: 26879646 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are surface-active agents with a broad application potential that are produced in complex mixtures by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Analysis from fermentation broth is often characterized by laborious sample preparation and requires hyphenated analytical techniques like liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to obtain detailed information about sample composition. In this study, an analytical procedure based on chromatographic method development and characterization of rhamnolipid sample material by LC-MS as well as a comparison of two sample preparation methods, i.e., liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, is presented. Efficient separation was achieved under reversed-phase conditions using a mixed propylphenyl and octadecylsilyl-modified silica gel stationary phase. LC-MS/MS analysis of a supernatant from Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 pVLT33_rhlABC grown on glucose as sole carbon source and purified by solid-phase extraction revealed a total of 20 congeners of di-rhamnolipids, mono-rhamnolipids, and their biosynthetic precursors 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs) with different carbon chain lengths from C8 to C14, including three rhamnolipids with uncommon C9 and C11 fatty acid residues. LC-MS and the orcinol assay were used to evaluate the developed solid-phase extraction method in comparison with the established liquid-liquid extraction. Solid-phase extraction exhibited higher yields and reproducibility as well as lower experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeannine Engelen
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
- A&M Stabtest GmbH, Kopernikusstr. 25, 50126, Bergheim, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Tiso T, Wittgens A, Rosenau F, Blank L. Biotensid-Produktion aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen mit rekombinanten Mikroorganismen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wittgens A, Tiso T, Arndt TT, Wenk P, Hemmerich J, Müller C, Wichmann R, Küpper B, Zwick M, Wilhelm S, Hausmann R, Syldatk C, Rosenau F, Blank LM. Growth independent rhamnolipid production from glucose using the non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:80. [PMID: 21999513 PMCID: PMC3258213 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhamnolipids are potent biosurfactants with high potential for industrial applications. However, rhamnolipids are currently produced with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa during growth on hydrophobic substrates such as plant oils. The heterologous production of rhamnolipids entails two essential advantages: Disconnecting the rhamnolipid biosynthesis from the complex quorum sensing regulation and the opportunity of avoiding pathogenic production strains, in particular P. aeruginosa. In addition, separation of rhamnolipids from fatty acids is difficult and hence costly. Results Here, the metabolic engineering of a rhamnolipid producing Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a strain certified as safety strain using glucose as carbon source to avoid cumbersome product purification, is reported. Notably, P. putida KT2440 features almost no changes in growth rate and lag-phase in the presence of high concentrations of rhamnolipids (> 90 g/L) in contrast to the industrially important bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli. P. putida KT2440 expressing the rhlAB-genes from P. aeruginosa PAO1 produces mono-rhamnolipids of P. aeruginosa PAO1 type (mainly C10:C10). The metabolic network was optimized in silico for rhamnolipid synthesis from glucose. In addition, a first genetic optimization, the removal of polyhydroxyalkanoate formation as competing pathway, was implemented. The final strain had production rates in the range of P. aeruginosa PAO1 at yields of about 0.15 g/gglucose corresponding to 32% of the theoretical optimum. What's more, rhamnolipid production was independent from biomass formation, a trait that can be exploited for high rhamnolipid production without high biomass formation. Conclusions A functional alternative to the pathogenic rhamnolipid producer P. aeruginosa was constructed and characterized. P. putida KT24C1 pVLT31_rhlAB featured the highest yield and titer reported from heterologous rhamnolipid producers with glucose as carbon source. Notably, rhamnolipid production was uncoupled from biomass formation, which allows optimal distribution of resources towards rhamnolipid synthesis. The results are discussed in the context of rational strain engineering by using the concepts of synthetic biology like chassis cells and orthogonality, thereby avoiding the complex regulatory programs of rhamnolipid production existing in the natural producer P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wittgens
- Institute for Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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