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Wiśniewski K, Antonowski T, Juranek J, Podlasz P, Wojtkiewicz J. Antiepileptic Properties of Scyllo-Inositol on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087598. [PMID: 37108760 PMCID: PMC10144795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, with about 70 million affected people worldwide, is one of the biggest challenges of medicine today. It is estimated that about one-third of epileptic patients receive inadequate treatment. Inositols have proved effective in many disorders; hence, in the current study, we tested potential antiepileptic properties of scyllo-inositol (SCI)-one of the most common commercially available inositols-in zebrafish larvae with pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. First, we studied the general effect of SCI on zebrafish motility, and then we tested SCI antiepileptic properties over short (1 h) and long (120 h) exposure protocols. Our results demonstrated that SCI alone does not reduce zebrafish motility regardless of the dose. We also observed that short-term exposure to SCI groups reduced PTZ-treated larva motility compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, prolonged exposure did not produce similar results, likely due to the insufficient concentration of SCI given. Our results highlight the potential of SCI use in epilepsy treatment and warrant further clinical studies with inositols as potential seizure-reducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wiśniewski
- Students' Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Antonowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Judyta Juranek
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Jaroslawska J, Korytko A, Zglejc-Waszak K, Antonowski T, Pomianowski AS, Wasowicz K, Wojtkiewicz J, Juranek JK. Peripheral Neuropathy Presents Similar Symptoms and Pathological Changes in Both High-Fat Diet and Pharmacologically Induced Pre- and Diabetic Mouse Models. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111267. [PMID: 34833143 PMCID: PMC8618965 DOI: 10.3390/life11111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the effects of experimentally induced type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) on the functional, structural and biochemical properties of mouse peripheral nerves. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups, including the control (CTRL, chow-fed), STZ (streptozotocin (STZ)-injected), and HFD (high-fat diet (HFD)-fed) group. After 18-weeks of experimental treatment, HFD mice had higher body weights and elevated levels of plasma lipids, while STZ mice developed hyperglycemia. STZ-treated mice, after an extended period of untreated diabetes, developed motor and sensory nerve conduction-velocity deficits. Moreover, relative to control fibers, pre- and diabetic axons were lower in number and irregular in shape. Animals from both treatment groups manifested a pronounced overexpression of nNOS and a reduced expression of SOD1 proteins in the sciatic nerve, indicating oxidative–nitrosative stress and ineffective antioxidant protection in the peripheral nervous system of these mice. Collectively, STZ- and HFD-treated mice revealed similar characteristics of peripheral nerve damage, including a number of morphological and electrophysiological pathologies in the sciatic nerve. While hyperglycemia is a large component of diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis, the non-hyperglycemic effects of diabetes, including dyslipidemia, may also be of importance in the development of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaroslawska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (J.K.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Korytko
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.Z.-W.); (T.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Kamila Zglejc-Waszak
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.Z.-W.); (T.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Tomasz Antonowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.Z.-W.); (T.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Andrzej S. Pomianowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Wasowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.Z.-W.); (T.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Judyta K. Juranek
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.K.); (K.Z.-W.); (T.A.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (J.K.J.)
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Antonowski T, Wiśniewski K, Podlasz P, Osowski A, Wojtkiewicz J. Study of the Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Myo-Inositol and Its Influence on Zebrafish Development. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103346. [PMID: 34684347 PMCID: PMC8540950 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol is a natural substance found widely in plants. It is used in therapies for many medical cases. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of myo-inositol (MI) and to investigate its potential hepatoprotective character. In the first part of the study, zebrafish embryos were incubated with 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL MI. Endpoints such as survivability, hatching rate, malformation, and mobility were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the high doses of MI lead to increased mortality and malformations and reduce the hatching rate in comparison to the control group. Moreover, low doses of this compound do not produce a negative effect on zebrafish and even have the ability to increase the hatching rate and mobility. In the second part of the study, the hepatoprotective effect of MI was tested. Zebrafish larvae from the line Tg (fabp10a:DsRed) were incubated for 24 h with 1% and 2% ethanol (EtOH), 5 mg/mL of MI with 1% EtOH, and 5 mg/mL of MI with 2% EtOH. No significant differences between the groups with EtOH and the group treated with EtOH with MI were observed. Our results suggest that MI has no positive benefits on hepatocytes of zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Antonowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-524-61-33
| | - Karol Wiśniewski
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (J.W.)
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Antonowski T, Osowski A, Lahuta L, Górecki R, Rynkiewicz A, Wojtkiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Cyclitols for Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102314. [PMID: 31574903 PMCID: PMC6835238 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclitols play a particularly important role in cell functioning because they are involved in ion channel physiology, phosphate storage, signal transduction, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis, osmoregulation and they have antioxidant activity. They are involved in the cell membranes as a phosphatidyl myo-inositol, an inositol triphosphate precursor, which acts as a transmitter that regulates the activity of several hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, and insulin. The aim of this paper is to characterize the selected cyclitols: myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol in type-2 metabolic syndrome and diabetes treatment. Results and discussion: Cyclitols have certain clinical applications in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and are considered to be an option as a dietary supplement for the treatment or prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and type-2 diabetes. Improved metabolic parameters observed after using cyclitols, like myo-inositol, in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and type-2 diabetes suggest that they may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Pinitol, together with myo-inositol,maybe responsible for improving lipid profiles by reducing serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Pinitol is also well-researched and documented for insulin-like effects. Myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol indicate a number of therapeutic and health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Antonowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lesław Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
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