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Shimizu-Ibuka A, Sato A, Ichimura H, Hiraga H, Nakayama S, Nishiwaki T. Regulation of alanine racemase activity by carboxylates and the d-type substrate d-alanine. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 36732053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alanine racemases (ALRs) are essential for d-alanine (d-Ala) production in bacteria, and many ALRs have a conserved carbamylated lysine residue in the active site. Although short-chain carboxylates inhibit ALRs harbouring this lysine residue as substrate analogues, in an ALR variant with an alanine residue at this position, carboxylates behave as activators; however, this activation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we performed kinetic and structural analyses of U1ALR, an ALR from Latilactobacillus sakei UONUMA harbouring a glycine residue (Gly134) in the site of the carbamylated lysine residue. U1ALR was activated by various carboxylates and also by a G134K mutation, both of which caused a significant decrease in Km , indicating an increase in substrate affinity. The U1ALR crystal structure revealed the presence of an acetate molecule bound in a position and at an orientation resembling the conformation of the carbamylated lysine side chain observed in the structures of other ALRs. These results suggest a regulatory mechanism for U1ALR activity involving two carboxylate-binding sites: one with high affinity near Gly134, where an acetate molecule is observed in the crystal structure and carboxylate binding results in enzyme activation; the other is the substrate-binding site, where carboxylate binding inhibits enzyme activity. Furthermore, we observed no carboxylate/G134K-mediated activation in the presence of d-Ala at high concentrations, implying that d-Ala also exhibits low-affinity binding in the first carboxylate-binding site and prevents carboxylate/G134K-induced activation. Such regulation of enzyme activity by carboxylates and d-Ala may be ubiquitous in many ALRs from lactic acid bacteria sharing the same sequence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shimizu-Ibuka
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Japan
| | - Aoi Sato
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ichimura
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
| | - Haruna Hiraga
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakayama
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
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Horii Y, Nishiwaki T, Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Hattori R, Kusumoto KI. Characteristics of Inosinic Acid Degradation in Non-Heated Soybean Paste using Rice Koji prepared with Low Acid Phosphatase Producer<i> Aspergillus oryzae</i> KBN8048. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Horii
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute
| | | | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Tadahiro Suzuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Ryota Hattori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Ken-Ichi Kusumoto
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Nishiwaki T. Development of Food Processing Technology Using LacticAcid bacteria Isolated from Local Foods in Niigata. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ohta-Shimizu M, Fuwa F, Tomitsuka E, Nishiwaki T, Aihara K, Sato S, Nakagawa S. New Inhibitory Effect of Latilactobacillus sakei UONUMA on the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Human HepG2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:485-493. [PMID: 33790100 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceuticals and dietary foods have been reported to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, mainly by inhibiting the presqualene enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase rather than a postsqualene enzyme. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of Latilactobacillus sakei UONUMA on cholesterol biosynthesis, especially postsqualene, in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. We quantified cholesterol and its precursors, and the mRNA and protein levels of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Three L. sakei UONUMA strains exhibited new inhibitory effects on cholesterol biosynthesis and inhibited the mRNA level of sterol-delta24-reductase (DHCR24), which is involved in the postsqualene cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. These strains will be useful for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ohta-Shimizu
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Fumiko Fuwa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Eriko Tomitsuka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences
| | | | - Kotaro Aihara
- Niigata Agricultural Research Institute Food Research Center
| | - Shinji Sato
- Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Saori Nakagawa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
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Sakurai M, Kubota M, Iguchi A, Shigematsu T, Yamaguchi T, Nakagawa S, Kurahashi A, Oguro Y, Nishiwaki T, Aihara K, Sato S. Effects of <i>Koji amazake</i> and Its Lactic Acid Fermentation Product by <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> UONUMA on Defecation Status in Healthy Volunteers with Relatively Low Stool Frequency. FSTR 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Sakurai
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | | | - Akinori Iguchi
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | | | | | - Saori Nakagawa
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Kotaro Aihara
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute
| | - Shinji Sato
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
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Kobayashi K, Kubo Y, Horii Y, Nishiwaki T, Kamiyama S, Sone H, Watanabe S. Bacterial degradation of spermine and expression of spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis (natto) under liquid cultivation. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2018; 63:373-376. [PMID: 29142164 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Industrial Technology Institute of Ibaraki Prefecture
| | - Yuichiro Horii
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute
| | | | - Shin Kamiyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
| | - Hideyuki Sone
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
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Kotegawa H, Matsushima K, Nakahara S, Tou H, Kaneyoshi J, Nishiwaki T, Matsuoka E, Sugawara H, Harima H. Superconductivity and magnetic fluctuations developing in the vicinity of strong first-order magnetic transition in CrAs. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:234002. [PMID: 28430107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa6e7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report single crystal preparation, resistivity, and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements for new pressure-induced superconductor CrAs. In the first part, we present the difference between crystals made by different thermal sequences and methods, and show the sample dependence of superconductivity in CrAs. In the latter part, we show NQR data focusing the microscopic electronic state at the phase boundary between the helimagnetic and the paramagnetic phases. They suggest strongly that a quantum critical point is absent on the pressure-temperature phase diagram of CrAs, because of the strong first-order character of the magnetic transition; however, the spin fluctuations are observed in the paramagnetic phase. The close relationship between the spin fluctuations and superconductivity can be seen even in the vicinity of the first-order magnetic transition in CrAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kotegawa
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Oguro Y, Nishiwaki T, Shinada R, Kobayashi K, Kurahashi A. Metabolite profile of koji amazake and its lactic acid fermentation product by Lactobacillus sakei UONUMA. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:178-183. [PMID: 28501542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The koji amazake is a traditional sweet Japanese beverage. It has been consumed for over a thousand years in Japan; nonetheless, little is yet known of the ingredients in koji amazake. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the metabolites of koji amazake using a metabolomics approach. Additionally, we reformed the flavor of koji amazake by lactic acid fermentation (LAF-amazake) using Lactobacillus sakei UONUMA, which was isolated from snow caverns. The purpose of this article is to identify the ingredients in these beverages. In LAF-amazake and koji amazake, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and vitamin B complex were determined in the two beverages, and over 300 compounds were detected in total. Thirteen saccharides were identified including two unknown trisaccharides, and there were no differences in these between the two beverages. In LAF-amazake, lactic acid, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B3 (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide), and B6 (pyridoxine) were significantly increased as compared to koji amazake, whereas malate and glutamine decreased. These results suggested that LAF, malolactic fermentation, and glutamine deamidation occurred simultaneously in LAF-amazake. L. sakei UONUMA strains produced these vitamins. Moreover, it was surprising that acetylcholine, a well-known neurotransmitter, was newly generated in LAF-amazake. Here, we have succeeded in reforming the flavor of koji amazake and obtained these metabolic data on the two beverages. The present study could provide useful basic information for promoting functional analyses of koji amazake and LAF-amazake for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Oguro
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7112, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nishiwaki
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, 2-25 Shin-eicho, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan
| | - Ryota Shinada
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7112, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, 2-25 Shin-eicho, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurahashi
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7112, Japan.
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Nakamura K, Saito T, Kobayashi R, Oshiki R, Oyama M, Nishiwaki T, Nashimoto M, Tsuchiya Y. C-reactive protein predicts incident fracture in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women: the Muramatsu study. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2145-50. [PMID: 20936400 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In a 6-year cohort study of 751 community-dwelling elderly Japanese women, we found that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a significant predictor of osteoporotic fracture in elderly Asian women, who have significantly lower CRP levels than Caucasians. Mechanisms explaining such an association should be further studied. INTRODUCTION While CRP, a systemic inflammation marker, is thought to be associated with osteoporosis, evidence supporting this claim has been limited. We aimed to assess the association between CRP levels and incident osteoporotic fracture in elderly women. METHODS We conducted a cohort study with a follow-up period of 6 years. The study included 751 Japanese women aged 69 years or older. We measured serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels as a major predictor. Covariates included age, body mass index, forearm bone mineral density, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, postural sway, osteoporosis medication, and physical activity. The primary outcome was incident limb and vertebral fractures. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of fracture. RESULTS Median hs-CRP values in study participants were 0.16 mg/L in the lowest tertile, 0.36 mg/L in the medium tertile, and 1.14 mg/L in the highest tertile. The hs-CRP values in these women were substantially lower than in their Caucasian counterparts. Limb or vertebral fractures occurred in 50 subjects during 4,250 person-years. Low CRP levels were associated with low incidence of limb or vertebral fractures (P for trend = 0.035). The adjusted HRs of fracture for the medium and highest quartiles of hs-CRP levels, compared to the lowest quartile, were 2.22 (95% CI, 1.02-4.84) and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.10-5.24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CRP is a significant predictor of osteoporotic fracture in elderly Asian women who have substantially lower CRP levels than Caucasians. Mechanisms explaining such an association should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Nakamura K, Saito T, Oyama M, Oshiki R, Kobayashi R, Nishiwaki T, Nashimoto M, Tsuchiya Y. Vitamin D sufficiency is associated with low incidence of limb and vertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women: the Muramatsu Study. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:97-103. [PMID: 20333358 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Data on the association between vitamin D status and osteoporotic fracture in Asians are sparse. We conducted a 6-year cohort study of 773 community-dwelling elderly Japanese women and found that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥ 71 nmol/L was associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic limb and vertebral fractures. INTRODUCTION Data on the association between vitamin D status and osteoporotic fracture in Asians are sparse. This study aimed to clarify the association between vitamin D and other markers of nutritional status with the incidence of fracture in elderly Japanese women. METHODS We conducted a cohort study with a 6-year follow-up of 773 community-dwelling women aged 69 years and older. The 6-year follow-up ended in 2009. We assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (an index of vitamin K status), and calcium intake. The primary outcome was incident limb and vertebral fractures. Covariates were forearm bone mineral density (BMD), age, body mass index, osteoporosis treatment, and physical activity. RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 60.0 nmol/L. Thirty-seven limb fractures and 14 vertebral fractures occurred in 4,392 person-years. Lower forearm BMD was significantly associated with increased incident fracture (P = 0.0242). The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of fracture for the first quartile (<47.7 nmol/L) and the third quartile (59.2-70.9 nmol/L) of serum 25(OH)D, compared to the fourth quartile (≥71.0 nmol/L), were 2.82 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-7.34) and 2.82 (95%CI, 1.09-7.27), respectively. The pooled adjusted HR was 0.42 (95%CI, 0.18-0.99) when the incidence in the fourth quartile (≥71.0 nmol/L) was compared to the other three quartiles combined (<71.0 nmol/L). Vitamin K status and calcium intake were not associated with incident fracture. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient vitamin D status, i.e., serum 25(OH)D ≥ 71 nmol/L, is associated with low limb and vertebral fracture risk in community-dwelling elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Kumamoto M, Nishiwaki T, Matsuo N, Kimura H, Matsushima K. Minimally cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate fibrotic lung injury. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:740-8. [PMID: 19324956 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00128508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine in intractable lung diseases, such as lung fibrosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, a severe obstacle to the clinical application of BMMSC transplantation is the time-consuming, laborious processes required for cell culture. In order to evaluate the clinical applicability of BMMSC transplantation, we tested whether engraftment of minimally cultured BMMSCs ameliorates progressive fibrotic lung injury. Differences between murine BMMSCs cultured for 2 h (2-h adherent BMMSCs) and conventionally (9-day) cultured BMMSCs were examined in vitro. The effects of grafting either type of BMMSCs on fibrotic lung injury were then assessed by transfer experiments in a murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, in which donor cells were administered 3 days after challenge. 2-h adherent BMMSCs were smaller, less granular, possessed higher proliferative capacity and expressed higher levels of several stem cell markers and chemokine receptors than 9-day cultured BMMSCs, but lower type I procollagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, tumour necrosis factor-beta and oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc, suggesting that they may be advantageous for cell-based therapy compared with 9-day cultured BMMSCs. Grafting 2-h adherent BMMSCs ameliorated inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders, and reduced mortality equally well or better than 9-day cultured BMMSCs. Minimally cultured BMMSCs can substitute for conventionally cultured BMMSCs and will be a promising cell source for the treatment of acute fibrotic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumamoto
- Dept of Molecular Preventive Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Fujimoto T, Tsuchiya Y, Shibuya N, Taiyoji M, Nishiwaki T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto M. Contamination of the Shinano River Water with Mutagenic Substances after the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2007; 211:171-80. [PMID: 17287601 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.211.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While normally monitoring the Shinano River water quality, including examinations for mutagenicity, the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake suddenly occurred on October 23, 2004. However, the influence of this earthquake on the mutagenicity of river water has not yet been well studied. To clarify the regional and seasonal changes in mutagenicity of the Shinano River water, blue rayon was suspended for 24 hrs at 4 sampling sites, once a month from September 2004 through August 2005. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (TA98) and TA100 with or without metabolic activation by S9 mixture. To detect and identify poly-aromatic hydrocarbons that may be responsible for the mutagenicity of the river water, we analyzed benzo[a]pyrene, benzophenone, 4-nitrotoluene, or other compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and total ion chromatogram spectra. Positive manifestations of TA98 with S9 mixture were observed at the 4 sampling sites throughout the 12-month test, showing a tendency to be higher at the downstream site and in winter. However, the highest mutagenicity was observed in the sample collected at the most upstream sampling site in December 2004, and fluoranthene or pyrene consisting mainly in coal tar was detected only in the samples collected in December 2004. Although benzo[a]pyrene, benzophenone, and 4-nitrotoluene were below the detection limits, non-mutagens such as aliphatic hydrocarbons or esters were frequently detected. Our findings indicate that either fluoranthene or pyrene was mainly responsible for the mutagenicity of the river water in December 2004, suggesting the possibility of oil contamination caused by the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Fujimoto
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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Nonomura S, Nishiwaki T, Nitta S. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon at low energies and at low temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418639408240113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nonomura
- a Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu , 501-11 , Japan
| | - T. Nishiwaki
- a Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu , 501-11 , Japan
| | - S. Nitta
- a Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu , 501-11 , Japan
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Nakamura K, Saito T, Nishiwaki T, Ueno K, Nashimoto M, Okuda Y, Tsuchiya Y, Oshiki R, Muto K, Yamamoto M. Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:1202-7. [PMID: 16699737 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A few epidemiologic studies have comprehensively attempted to identify risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical factors correlated with BMD in elderly Japanese women 69 years of age and over. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional. The subjects were 583 ambulatory women aged 69 years and over, and their average age was 74.3 (SD 4.4) years. Predictor variables were age, reproductive history, anthropometric indices, grip strength, calcium intake, lifestyle information, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), osteocalcin (OC), and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) values. The outcome variable was forearm BMD measured with a DTX-200 osteometer. RESULTS Simple linear regression analyses showed that BMD was significantly positively associated with body height, weight, body mass index, grip strength, serum albumin concentration, and "housework," and negatively associated with age, years since menopause, age at menarche, number of children, serum 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration, serum OC concentration, and ucOC concentration. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that weight (beta=0.00316, SE=0.00028, R(2)=0.180), age (beta=-0.00321, SE=0.00050, R(2)=0.108), log-transformed serum OC (beta=-0.0445, SE=0.0064, R(2)=0.053), log-transformed serum 1,25(OH)(2)D (beta=-0.0401, SE=0.0074, R(2)=0.050), "farmwork" (beta=0.00904, SE=0.00426, R(2)=0.005), and serum 25(OH)D concentration (beta=0.000281, SE=0.000120, R(2)=0.003) were significantly associated with BMD. CONCLUSION It was concluded that body weight is a major predictor of forearm BMD among the factors measured in this study in independent Japanese women 69 years of age and over and that serum 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration may be associated with cortical BMD. Maintenance of body weight is very important for maintaining BMD in this population, unless a large weight aggravates obesity-related diseases. A follow-up study is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Nishiwaki T, Hirano M, Kumazawa M, Kawahara M, Ueno S. Reply. Acta Neurol Scand 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Ring chromosome 20 [r(20)] syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by epilepsy, mild to moderate mental impairment, and malformation. Patients generally show mosaicism in 1-100% of lymphocytes with r(20). We report here a patient with r(20) syndrome who exhibited mild phenotype with the small ratio of mosaicism (13%) with r(20). Although previous small-scale studies concluded that the mosaicism ratio was unrelated to clinical phenotype, our reassessment of all 57 reported cases has revealed that the ratio is significantly associated with age at seizure onset, intelligence quotient, and malformation, but not with the response of epilepsy to drug treatment. Our results provide important clinical information and prediction for r(20) syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Suzuki T, Ina K, Nishiwaki T, Tsuzuki T, Okada T, Furuta R, Nobata K, Ando T, Kusugami K, Goto H. Differential roles of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 in neutrophil transendothelial migration in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:313-21. [PMID: 15125462 DOI: 10.1080/00365520310008610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is currently available on the contribution of locally generated inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines to endothelial cell activation and subsequent neutrophil transendothelial migration in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis. METHODS The contents of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 in the organ culture supernatants of antral mucosal tissues were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of the endogenous IL-1beta and IL-8 in mucosal tissues on neutrophil adherence and transendothelial migration were investigated using an experimental model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RESULTS The contents of IL-1beta and IL-8 in organ cultures of antral mucosal tissues were significantly higher in patients with H. pylori infection than in those without infection. The organ culture supernatants from H. pylori-positive patients induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA in HUVEC with increased binding of neutrophils, and these stimulatory effects were inhibited when HUVEC were pretreated with a nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor, MG-132. Moreover, neutrophil adherence to HUVEC induced by the supernatants decreased after preincubation with neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibody. As compared with the supernatants from H. pylori-negative patients, the samples from H. pylori-positive patients exhibited a significantly higher chemotactic activity for neutrophils, which was inhibited almost completely by preincubation of the supernatants with anti-IL-8 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Locally generated IL-1beta and IL-8 could coordinate with each other during the process of neutrophil infiltration into the gastric mucosa in patients with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Dept. of Therapeutic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Tsuzuki T, Ina K, Ohta M, Hasegawa T, Nagasaka T, Saburi N, Ueda M, Konagaya T, Kaneko H, Imada A, Nishiwaki T, Nobata K, Ando T, Kusugami K. Clarithromycin increases the release of heat shock protein B from Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16 Suppl 2:217-28. [PMID: 11966545 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s2.23.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clarithromycin (CAM) may have certain indirect effects on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) other than its inhibitory activity on bacterial growth, as indicated in other infections with Gram-negative micro-organisms. In the present study, we examined the effects of lower concentrations of CAM on the release of heat shock protein B (HspB), one of the major antigenic proteins from H. pylori cells, as well as the changes in humoral immune response and histological degree of antral gastritis in patients who received eradication therapy with CAM. METHODS The H. pylori strain 26695 and three CAM-resistant clinical isolates were cultured in broth with and without CAM (2-500 ng/mL). Expression of H. pylori proteins was examined by two-dimensional (2D)-electrophoresis followed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Changes in host immune response and histological degree of antral gastritis were monitored in patients with peptic ulcer disease who received H. pylori eradication therapy. RESULTS 2D electrophoresis showed 26 spots in extracellularly released proteins with different profiles from those in cytoplasmic proteins. The release of HspB increased after incubation with CAM (30-500 ng/mL) in all three H. pylori clinical isolates tested. Patients with failed H. pylori eradication after triple therapy with CAM, but not those with failed eradication after dual therapy without CAM, showed an increase in serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies against HspB along with a decrease in the degree of neutrophil and H. pylori colonization density in tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS CAM may induce a humoral immune response against H. pylori and a decrease in gastric mucosal inflammation through up-regulation of the release of HspB from the bacteria in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuzuki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Nishiwaki T, Yoshimizu S, Furuta M, Hayashi K. Debittering of enzymatic hydrolysates using an aminopeptidase from the edible basidiomycete Grifola frondosa. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Nishiwaki T, Yoshimizu S, Furuta M, Hayashi K. Debittering of enzymatic hydrolysates using an aminopeptidase from the edible basidiomycete Grifola frondosa. J Biosci Bioeng 2002; 93:60-3. [PMID: 16233166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2001] [Accepted: 10/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bitter peptide solutions, prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein and milk casein, were treated with an aminopeptidase from the edible basidiomycete Grifola frondosa. As the incubation time elapsed, the amount of free amino acids released increased and the bitterness of the enzyme reaction mixtures decreased. However, the debittering of the milk casein hydrolysate by the aminopeptidase was less effective than that observed for the soy protein hydrolysate. Hydrophobic amino acids such as valine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine were preferentially released from the bitter solutions by the action of the aminopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Nishiwaki
- Food Research Center, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, 2-25 Shin-ei cho, Kamo, Niigata 959-1381, Japan.
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22
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Furukawa Y, Kawasoe T, Daigo Y, Nishiwaki T, Ishiguro H, Takahashi M, Kitayama J, Nakamura Y. Isolation of a novel human gene, ARHGAP9, encoding a rho-GTPase activating protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:643-9. [PMID: 11396949 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (Rho-GTPases) have emerged as key coordinators of signaling pathways leading to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, a process that plays a critical role in cell adhesion and migration. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report isolation of a novel human gene, ARHGAP9, which encodes a protein containing a Rho-GTPase activating protein (Rho-GAP) domain, a src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) region, and a WW domain. In vitro, the recombinant protein revealed substantial GAP activity toward Cdc42Hs and Rac1, and less toward RhoA. The transcript was predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, and thymus. Exogenous expression of the entire coding region of ARHGAP9 into human leukemia KG-1 cells repressed adhesion of the cells to fibronectin and collagen IV. Our results indicate that ARHGAP9 is involved in regulating adhesion of hematopoietic cells to extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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23
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Kuwabara Y, Mitani M, Sinoda N, Sato A, Mitsui A, Sigiura M, Nishiwaki T, Kato J, Kudo J, Fujii Y. Gastroesophagostomy after proximal gastrectomy using a double stapling technique. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 192:795-7. [PMID: 11400975 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuwabara
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Kato J, Kuwabara Y, Mitani M, Shinoda N, Sato A, Toyama T, Mitsui A, Nishiwaki T, Moriyama S, Kudo J, Fujii Y. Expression of survivin in esophageal cancer: correlation with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11241318 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010320)95:2%3c92::aid-ijc1016%3e3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a new member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) family, has been reported to be expressed in many cancers but not in differentiated normal tissue. Its expression in esophageal cancer, however, has not been reported. We investigated 51 esophageal cancers and their adjacent normal epithelial tissues for mRNA expression of survivin by RT-PCR. The survivin expression in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal tissue (0.211 +/- 0.226 vs. 0.057 +/- 0.135, p < 0.0001). pN4 tumors had significantly higher survivin expression than the pN0-3 tumors (p = 0.0093). Fourteen patients with advanced esophageal cancer had received chemotherapy prior to surgery. The survivin expression in the cancer tissue in patients who achieved a partial response (PR) was significantly lower than that in patients with no change (NC) and in patients with progressive disease (PD; 0.099 +/- 0.134 vs. 0.320 +/- 0.222, p = 0.0434). The median survival for patients with high survivin expression (9.0 months) was less than that for patients with low survivin group expression (30.0 months, p = 0.0023). Survivin expression was one of the significant predictors of survival on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.471; 95% confidence interval 1.104-5.533). The results suggest that survivin expression may provide prognostic information in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kato
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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25
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Kato J, Kuwabara Y, Mitani M, Shinoda N, Sato A, Toyama T, Mitsui A, Nishiwaki T, Moriyama S, Kudo J, Fujii Y. Expression of survivin in esophageal cancer: correlation with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11241318 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010320)95:2<92::aid-ijc1016>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a new member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) family, has been reported to be expressed in many cancers but not in differentiated normal tissue. Its expression in esophageal cancer, however, has not been reported. We investigated 51 esophageal cancers and their adjacent normal epithelial tissues for mRNA expression of survivin by RT-PCR. The survivin expression in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal tissue (0.211 +/- 0.226 vs. 0.057 +/- 0.135, p < 0.0001). pN4 tumors had significantly higher survivin expression than the pN0-3 tumors (p = 0.0093). Fourteen patients with advanced esophageal cancer had received chemotherapy prior to surgery. The survivin expression in the cancer tissue in patients who achieved a partial response (PR) was significantly lower than that in patients with no change (NC) and in patients with progressive disease (PD; 0.099 +/- 0.134 vs. 0.320 +/- 0.222, p = 0.0434). The median survival for patients with high survivin expression (9.0 months) was less than that for patients with low survivin group expression (30.0 months, p = 0.0023). Survivin expression was one of the significant predictors of survival on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.471; 95% confidence interval 1.104-5.533). The results suggest that survivin expression may provide prognostic information in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kato
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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26
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Kato J, Kuwabara Y, Mitani M, Shinoda N, Sato A, Toyama T, Mitsui A, Nishiwaki T, Moriyama S, Kudo J, Fujii Y. Expression of survivin in esophageal cancer: correlation with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2001; 95:92-5. [PMID: 11241318 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010320)95:2<92::aid-ijc1016>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a new member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) family, has been reported to be expressed in many cancers but not in differentiated normal tissue. Its expression in esophageal cancer, however, has not been reported. We investigated 51 esophageal cancers and their adjacent normal epithelial tissues for mRNA expression of survivin by RT-PCR. The survivin expression in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal tissue (0.211 +/- 0.226 vs. 0.057 +/- 0.135, p < 0.0001). pN4 tumors had significantly higher survivin expression than the pN0-3 tumors (p = 0.0093). Fourteen patients with advanced esophageal cancer had received chemotherapy prior to surgery. The survivin expression in the cancer tissue in patients who achieved a partial response (PR) was significantly lower than that in patients with no change (NC) and in patients with progressive disease (PD; 0.099 +/- 0.134 vs. 0.320 +/- 0.222, p = 0.0434). The median survival for patients with high survivin expression (9.0 months) was less than that for patients with low survivin group expression (30.0 months, p = 0.0023). Survivin expression was one of the significant predictors of survival on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.471; 95% confidence interval 1.104-5.533). The results suggest that survivin expression may provide prognostic information in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kato
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
An aminopeptidase was purified 178-fold from an extract of Grifola frondosa by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of column chromatographies on phenyl-Toyopearl, Sephadex G-25, and Mono-Q. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 27 kDa and 30 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 8.5 and was stable between pH 6.0 and pH 10.5, and it also had a high level of heat stability. The enzyme was inactivated by EDTA and o-phenanthroline, and it was also strongly inhibited by bestatin, but no inhibitory effect of DFP was observed. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed peptides containing hydrophobic residues in the N-terminal position.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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28
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Nishiwaki T, Daigo Y, Tamari M, Fujii Y, Nakamura Y. Molecular cloning, mapping, and characterization of two novel human genes, ORCTL3 and ORCTL4, bearing homology to organic-cation transporters. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 83:251-5. [PMID: 10072596 DOI: 10.1159/000015197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Through a large-scale sequencing of genomic DNA at 3p22-->p21.3, we have isolated two human genes (ORCTL3 alias OCTL1 and ORCTL4 alias OCTL2) encoding novel members of the family of organic-cation transporter molecules. The predicted proteins revealed the highest similarities to recently- isolated organic-cation transporter proteins, rat OCT-1r, rat NLT and mouse NKT. The transcripts of both genes were expressed ubiquitously in various human tissues, but some tissue-specific transcripts were also observed in kidney, testis, or skeletal muscle. The two genes are clustered within a 52-kb region of genomic DNA and ORCTL4 lies about 27 kb telomeric to ORCTL3 in the genomic DNA sequence in a tail-to-head orientation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Exons
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Introns
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Kawasoe T, Furukawa Y, Daigo Y, Nishiwaki T, Ishiguro H, Fujita M, Satoh S, Miwa N, Nagasawa Y, Miyoshi Y, Ogawa M, Nakamura Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel human gene, DRCTNNB1A, the expression of which is down-regulated by beta-catenin. Cancer Res 2000; 60:3354-8. [PMID: 10910037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Beta-catenin plays significant roles in cell-to-cell adhesion and the Wnt/Wg signal transduction pathway. Accumulation of this protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus as a result of mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene or of the beta-catenin gene itself is often seen in a wide variety of tumors including carcinomas of the colon, liver, uterus, and brain. Interaction of accumulated beta-catenin with Tcf/Lef transcription factors is known to deregulate expression of some downstream genes, but the precise mechanisms whereby beta-catenin contributes to carcinogenesis remain to be disclosed. Here we report isolation of a novel murine gene, Drctnnb1a (down-regulated by Ctnnb1, a), the expression of which was experimentally down-regulated in response to the activated form of beta-catenin. To investigate a possible role of DRCTNNB1A in cancers, we also isolated the human homologue, DRCTNNB1A, the deduced product of which was 91% identical to the murine protein. The transcript was expressed in all human tissues examined, and we assigned the genomic location of DRCTNNB1A to chromosomal band 7p15.3 by in situ hybridization. Expression of DRCTNNB1A in SW480 colon cancer cells was significantly increased in response to reduction of intracellular beta-catenin by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the beta-catenin-binding domain of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene into the cells. Furthermore, we documented reduced expression of DRCTNNB1A in 12 of 15 primary colorectal cancers examined, compared with corresponding adjacent noncancerous mucosae. Our results implied that DRCTNNB1A is one of the genes involved in the beta-catenin-Tcf/Lef signaling pathway, and that reduced expression of DRCTNNB1A may have some role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawasoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Ishiguro H, Furukawa Y, Daigo Y, Miyoshi Y, Nagasawa Y, Nishiwaki T, Kawasoe T, Fujita M, Satoh S, Miwa N, Fujii Y, Nakamura Y. Isolation and characterization of human NBL4, a gene involved in the beta-catenin/tcf signaling pathway. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:597-603. [PMID: 10874211 PMCID: PMC5926395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-Catenin, a key regulator of cellular proliferation, is often mutated in various types of human cancer. To investigate cellular responses related to the beta-catenin signaling pathway, we applied a differential display method using mouse cells transfected with an activated form of mutant beta-catenin. This analysis and subsequent northern-blot hybridization confirmed that expression of a murine gene encoding NBL4 (novel band 4.1-like protein 4) was up-regulated by activation of beta-catenin. To examine a possible role of NBL4 in cancer, we isolated the human homologue of the murine NBL4 gene by matching mNBL4 against the human EST (expressed sequence tag) database followed by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'RACE). The cDNA of hNBL4 encoded a protein of 598 amino acids that shared 87% identity in amino acid sequence with murine NBL4 and 71% with zebrafish NBL4. A 2.2-kb hNBL4 transcript was expressed in all human tissues examined with high levels of expression in brain, liver, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes and low levels of expression in heart, kidney, testis and colon. We determined its chromosomal localization at 5q22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of hNBL4 was significantly reduced when beta-catenin was depleted in SW480 cells, a human cancer cell line that constitutionally accumulates beta-catenin. The results support the view that NBL4 is an important component of the beta-catenin / Tcf pathway and is probably related to determination of cell polarity or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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31
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Satoh S, Daigo Y, Furukawa Y, Kato T, Miwa N, Nishiwaki T, Kawasoe T, Ishiguro H, Fujita M, Tokino T, Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Murata M, Shimano T, Yamaoka Y, Nakamura Y. AXIN1 mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas, and growth suppression in cancer cells by virus-mediated transfer of AXIN1. Nat Genet 2000; 24:245-50. [PMID: 10700176 DOI: 10.1038/73448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for development and organogenesis. Wnt signaling stabilizes beta-catenin, which accumulates in the cytoplasm, binds to 1-cell factor (TCF; also known as lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor, LEF) and then upregulates downstream genes. Mutations in CTNNB1 (encoding beta-catenin) or APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) have been reported in human neoplasms including colon cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Because HCC5 tend to show accumulation of beta-catenin more often than mutations in CTNNB1, we looked for mutations in AXIN1, encoding a key factor for Wnt signaling, in 6 HCC cell lines and 100 primary HCC5. Among the 4 cell lines and 87 HCC5 in which we did not detect CTNNB1 mutations, we identified AXIN1 mutations in 3 cell lines and 6 mutations in 5 of the primary HCCs. In cell lines containing mutations in either gene, we observed increased DNA binding of TCF associated with beta-catenin in nuclei. Adenovirus mediated gene transfer of wild-type AXINI induced apoptosis in hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells that had accumulated beta-catenin as a consequence of either APC, CTNNB1 or AXIN1 mutation, suggesting that axin may be an effective therapeutic molecule for suppressing growth of hepatocellular and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nishiwaki T, Daigo Y, Kawasoe T, Nakamura Y. Isolation and mutational analysis of a novel human cDNA, DEC1 (deleted in esophageal cancer 1), derived from the tumor suppressor locus in 9q32. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10612805 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(200002)27:2%3c169::aid-gcc8%3e3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one or more putative tumor suppressor genes that are mutated in squamous cell carcinomas. This region shows frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in carcinomas arising in several developmentally related tissues, including the esophagus, head and neck, lung, and urinary bladder. We previously delineated the commonly deleted region in a panel of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas to a approximately 200 kb genomic segment at 9q32. Here we report the isolation of a novel gene, DEC1 (deleted in esophageal cancer 1), from the target region. Mutational analysis of this gene by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction disclosed significantly reduced expression of DEC1 in 8 of 13 (62%) esophageal cancer cell lines and in 16 of 30 (53%) primary squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. However, no genetic alteration was detected in any of the cancers examined. Introduction of DEC1 cDNA into 3 cancer cell lines that lacked expression of DEC1 significantly suppressed cell growth, whereas antisense cDNA or the vector DNA alone did not. Given the reduced expression of the DEC1 gene in esophageal cancer, the high frequency of LOH at 9q32 in esophageal carcinomas, and the fact that the DEC1 cDNA can suppress growth of some cancer cells in vitro, we suggest that the DEC1 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor in 9q32. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:169-176, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Nishiwaki T, Iwasaki H, Ishiura M, Kondo T. Nucleotide binding and autophosphorylation of the clock protein KaiC as a circadian timing process of cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:495-9. [PMID: 10618446 PMCID: PMC26691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative feedback control of kaiC expression by KaiC protein has been proposed to generate a basic oscillation of the circadian clock in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. KaiC has two P loops or Walker's motif As, that are potential ATP-/GTP-binding motifs and DXXG motifs conserved in various GTP-binding proteins. Herein, we demonstrate that in vitro KaiC binds ATP and, with lower affinity, GTP. Point mutation by site-directed mutagenesis of P loop 1 completely nullified the circadian rhythm of kaiBC expression and markedly reduced ATP-binding activity. Moreover, KaiC can be autophosphorylated in vitro. These results suggest that the nucleotide-binding activity of KaiC plays important roles in the generation of circadian oscillation in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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34
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Shimizu K, Ishii J, Osada H, Doi S, Eguchi O, Nishiwaki T, Sekiya S. Evidence for an interrelationship between pregnancy and myelodysplastic syndromes in Japan. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)80636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Ui M, Takada M, Arai T, Matsumoto K, Yamada K, Nakahata T, Nishiwaki T, Furukawa Y, Tokino T, Nakamura Y, Iba H. Retrovirus vectors designed for efficient transduction of cytotoxic or cytostatic genes. Gene Ther 1999; 6:1670-8. [PMID: 10516715 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to establish stable packaging cell lines producing retrovirus vectors for the expression of anti-oncogenes with cytotoxic or cytostatic potential, because these genes would also affect the growth of the packaging cell lines. To overcome this problem, we designed a transcriptional unit pBabeLPL for vector RNA production, in which the transcription of the exogenous genes is completely suppressed by the presence of a preceding insertion containing the puromycin resistance gene (puro) and a poly(A) addition signal. This insertion is flanked by a tandem pair of loxP, and is designed to be excised after the introduction of Cre recombinase, when transcription of the exogenous gene will be started from the 5'-LTR. The transcriptional unit car- rying LacZ or p53 as the exogenous gene was introduced into a previously constructed prepackaging cell lines PtG-S2, in which the expression of VSV-G is also designed to be initiated by the introduction of Cre recombinase, while the gag-pol gene is expressed continuously. After the introduction of Cre recombinase by an adenovirus vector, LacZ- or p53-expressing VSV-G-pseudotyped retrovirus vectors with the designed structure were produced at high virus titers. The p53 virus was shown to be able to transduce p53 into the entire population of several human cancer cell lines and to induce their growth arrest at the G1 phase, indicating that this vector-producing system will be advantageous for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ui
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Daigo Y, Isomura M, Nishiwaki T, Suzuki K, Maruyama O, Takeuchi K, Yamane Y, Hayashi R, Minami M, Hojo Y, Uchiyama I, Takagi T, Nakamura Y. Significant differences in the frequency of transcriptional units, types and numbers of repetitive elements, GC content, and the number of CpG islands between a 1010-kb G-band genomic segment on chromosome 9q31.3 and a 1200-kb R-band genomic segment on chromosome 3p21.3. DNA Res 1999; 6:227-33. [PMID: 10492169 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/6.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire 1,010,525-bp insert contained in CEPH YAC clone 867e8. This human genomic segment was derived from chromosome 9q31.3 and corresponds to a G-band region. We compared this segment, in terms of structure, with a previously characterized 1,201,033-bp sequence in CEPH YAC936c1 that had come from a portion of human chromosome 3p21.3 corresponding to an R-band region. The two segments were significantly different with respect to the frequency of transcriptional units, the types and numbers of repetitive elements present, their GC content, and the number of CpG islands. Alu elements, GC content, and CpG islands all showed positive correlations with the abundance of exons, but the distribution of LINE1s did not. These observations might reflect an influence of the first three of these features on the functions or expression of genes in the respective regions. In addition to a novel gene (F36) lying at the centromeric end of the 9q segment, we found a cluster of placenta-specific genes within a small section (about 400 kb) on the telomeric side of YAC867e8. This cluster consisted of four apparently unrelated ESTs and two genes, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and a novel gene (tentatively named EST-YD1). Our characterization of the two chromosomal regions provided evidence that genes are not evenly distributed throughout the human genome, and that gene richness is correlated with the GC content and with the frequency of either Alu elements or CpG islands.
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MESH Headings
- Alu Elements
- Base Composition
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cloning, Molecular
- CpG Islands
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Placenta/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Japan
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37
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Nishiwaki T, Daigo Y, Kawasoe T, Nagasawa Y, Ishiguro H, Fujita M, Furukawa Y, Nakamura Y. Isolation and characterization of a human cDNA homologous to the Xenopus laevis XCAP-C gene belonging to the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family. J Hum Genet 1999; 44:197-202. [PMID: 10319587 DOI: 10.1007/s100380050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a human cDNA encoding a protein of 1288 amino acids that shows 77% identity in amino acid sequence to XCAP-C, Xenopus chromosome-associated polypeptide-C, belonging to the family of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC), which is known to play a crucial role in the proper condensation and segregation of mitotic chromosomes. In particular, an almost 200-amino-acid domain in the N-terminal, including an NTP-binding motif and that in the C-terminal domain, including a DA-box, were well conserved and showed 95% identity between human and frog, indicating that these two domains are functionally very important. The transcript of this gene was expressed ubiquitously in various human tissues, but thymus, testis, and colon seemed to express this gene more abundantly. We also determined its chromosomal location at 3q26.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Xenopus Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Daigo Y, Nishiwaki T, Kawasoe T, Tamari M, Tsuchiya E, Nakamura Y. Molecular cloning of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, DLC1, from chromosome 3p21.3. Cancer Res 1999; 59:1966-72. [PMID: 10213508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The short arm of chromosome 3 is thought to contain multiple tumor suppressor genes, because one copy of this chromosomal arm frequently is missing in carcinomas that have arisen in a variety of tissues. We have isolated a novel gene encoding a 1755-amino acid polypeptide, through large-scale sequencing of genomic DNA at 3p21.3. Mutational analysis of this gene by reverse transcription-PCR revealed the lack of functional transcripts and an increase of nonfunctional RNA transcripts in a significant proportion (33%) of cancer cell lines and primary cancers (4 of 14 esophageal cancer cell lines, 2 of 2 renal cancer cell lines, 11 of 30 primary non-small cell lung cancers, and 3 of 10 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus). However, no alterations of the gene itself were detected in any of the cancers examined. Introduction of the cDNA significantly suppressed the growth of four different cancer cell lines, two of which produced no normal transcript on their own. No such effect occurred when antisense cDNA, cDNA corresponding to an aberrant transcript, or the vector DNA alone were transfected. These data suggest that aberrant transcription of this gene, designated DLC1 (deleted in lung cancer 1), may be involved in carcinogenesis of the lung, esophagus, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Daigo Y, Isomura M, Nishiwaki T, Tamari M, Ishikawa S, Kai M, Murata Y, Takeuchi K, Yamane Y, Hayashi R, Minami M, Fujino MA, Hojo Y, Uchiyama I, Takagi T, Nakamura Y. Characterization of a 1200-kb genomic segment of chromosome 3p22-p21.3. DNA Res 1999; 6:37-44. [PMID: 10231028 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/6.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously determined the nucleotide sequence and characterized the 685-kb proximal half of CEPH YAC936c1, which corresponds to a portion of human chromosome 3p21.3. In the study reported here, we characterized the remaining 515-kb of this YAC clone corresponding to the telomeric half of its human insert. The newly sequenced region contained a total of ten genes including six reported previously: phospholipase C delta 1 (PLCD1), human activin receptor type IIB (hActR-IIB), organic cation transporter-like 1 (OCTL1), organic cation transporter-like 2 (OCTL2), oxidative stress response 1 (OSR1), and human xylulokinase-like protein (XYLB). The remaining four genes present in the telomeric region included two known genes, MyD88 and ACAA, and two novel genes. One (designated ENGL) of the novel sequences was found to encode an amino-acid sequence homologous to the family of DNA/RNA endonucleases, especially endonuclease G. The other gene F56 revealed no significant homology to any known genes. These results disclosed complete physical and transcriptional maps of the 1200-kb region of 3p present in YAC 936c1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPzeta/RPTPbeta) is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase specifically expressed in the brain. Alternative splicing produces three isoforms of this molecule: PTPzeta-A, the full-length form of PTPzeta; PTPzeta-B, the short form of PTPzeta; and PTPzeta-S, an extracellular variant. Here, we identified all these isoforms, including PTPzeta-B, as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and characterized their carbohydrate modification and expression profiles in the rat brain. The level of PTPzeta-A expression was maintained during the prenatal period and decreased rapidly after birth. PTPzeta-S was expressed in a similar manner, although the postnatal decrease was gradual. In contrast, relatively constant amounts of PTPzeta-B were observed from embryonic day 13 (E13) through adulthood. PTPzeta-A and -S were constantly expressed only as proteoglycans during development, but a substantial amount of PTPzeta-B was detected in a non-proteoglycan form at E13-15. Moreover, PTPzeta-B did not contain LeX, HNK-1 carbohydrate, or keratan sulfate, although PTPzeta-A and -S were generally modified with these carbohydrates. L cells transfected with PTPzeta-A and -B cDNAs expressed these proteins as enzymatically active chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The PTPzeta-A and -B in L cells showed essentially similar localizations in cell cortical structures on immunofluorescence microscopy, although immature or processed forms of PTPzeta-A were accumulated additively in intracellular patchy structures. These results show that the three isoforms of PTPzeta are differentially regulated during development, and that the extracellular deleted region in PTPzeta-B is important for determination of carbohydrate modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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41
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Abstract
Cytotrophoblasts isolated from normal human placenta cultured under normoxic conditions (20% O2, pO2 = 130 mmHg) for 48-72 h differentiate to a form which expresses high levels of hCG and which morphologically resembles syncytiotrophoblast. We had previously shown that hypoxia (0-1% O2, pO2 = 12-14 mmHg) blocks this differentiation process, although trophoblasts exposed to hypoxia for up to 96 h were completely viable. In this article we showed that trophoblast responds to hypoxia by expressing the hypoxia-sensitive DNA binding protein HIF-1. We also showed that in trophoblast cultured under normoxic conditions, expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) mRNA increases with time, reaching a maximum in 48-72 h. However, in trophoblast maintained under hypoxic conditions for 48 h (after an initial 24 h in normoxia), expression of ecNOS mRNA is greatly reduced. These observations are consistent with the expression of ecNOS by syncytiotrophoblast but not by cytotrophoblast. In contrast, exposure of differentiated trophoblasts to hypoxia for 24 h (after 48-72 h in normoxia) significantly stimulates expression of ecNoS mRNA over that of cells maintained continuously in normoxia. These results suggest that in differentiated trophoblast hypoxia can stimulate ecNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Seligman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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42
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Abstract
We identified four isoforms of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (RPTPgamma) from rat brain by cDNA cloning. We designated these molecules RPTPgamma-A, -B, -C, and -S. RPTPgamma-A was the longest form and had the same structure as human and mouse RPTPgamma. RPTPgamma-B lacked the intracellular juxtamembrane 29 amino acids of RPTPgamma-A. RPTPgamma-C had a single phosphatase domain. RPTPgamma-S is an extracellular variant of RPTPgamma. mRNAs of the four isoforms were expressed in the brain, kidney, lung, and heart. Transfection of RPTPgamma-A and -S expression plasmids into COS7 cells resulted in the expression of membrane-bound 190-kDa proteins and secreted 120-kDa proteins, respectively. These molecules were similar to PTPzeta/RPTPbeta with regard not only to structure but also to the presence of both secretory and transmembrane forms. However, RPTPgamma isoforms were not expressed as proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shintani
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, and Department of Molecular Biomechanics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
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43
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Maeda N, Nishiwaki T, Shintani T, Hamanaka H, Noda M. 6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan, an extracellular variant of receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta/RPTPbeta, binds pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM). J Biol Chem 1996; 271:21446-52. [PMID: 8702927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the brain, 6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan, corresponds to the extracellular region of a receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPzeta/RPTPbeta. Here, we purified and characterized 6B4 proteoglycan-binding proteins from rat brain. From the CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid) extract of brain microsomal fractions, 18-, 28-, and 40-kDa proteins were specifically isolated using 6B4 proteoglycan-Sepharose. N-terminal amino acid sequencing identified the 18-kDa protein as pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM). Scatchard analysis of 6B4 proteoglycan-pleiotrophin binding revealed low (Kd = 3 nM) and high (Kd = 0.25 nM) affinity binding sites. Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the proteoglycan decreased the binding affinities to a single value (Kd = 13 nM) without changing the number of binding sites. This suggested the presence of two subpopulations of the proteoglycan with different chondroitin sulfate structures. Heparin potently inhibited binding of 6B4 proteoglycan to pleiotrophin (IC50 = 3.5 ng/ml). Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate C inhibited moderately (IC50 = 150 and 400 ng/ml, respectively), but, in contrast, chondroitin sulfate A and keratan sulfate were poor inhibitors (IC50 > 100 microg/ml). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses indicated that both 6B4 proteoglycan and PTPzeta are located on cortical neurons. Anti-6B4 proteoglycan antibody added to the culture medium suppressed pleiotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons. These results suggested that interaction between 6B4 proteoglycan and pleiotrophin is required for the action of pleiotrophin, and chondroitin sulfate chains on 6B4 proteoglycan play regulatory roles in its binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, and the Department of Molecular Biomechanics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444, Japan
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44
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Osada H, Morikawa Y, Nishiwaki T, Sekiya S. Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy for common variable immunodeficiency during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1996; 258:155-9. [PMID: 8781705 DOI: 10.1007/s004040050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), characterized by impaired antibody production, have a high susceptibility to bacterial infections and need supplements of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We report two pregnancies in a woman with CVID. Differences in the outcome of the two pregnancies suggest the need for adjustment of replacement therapy during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Osada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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45
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46
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Nishiwaki T, Okamura H, Kanemasa K, Inatomi T, Ibata Y, Fukuhara C, Inouye ST. Differences of somatostatin mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus under light-dark and constant dark conditions: an analysis by in situ hybridization. Neurosci Lett 1995; 197:231-4. [PMID: 8552306 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11932-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Daily profiles of somatostatin mRNA expression were investigated in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. Under 12 h light/12 h dark conditions, somatostatin mRNA signals were higher during the day time (Zeitgeber time (ZT) 1) than during the night time (ZT 16). This day-night difference was still maintained in constant darkness where the somatostatin mRNA was higher in the subjective day (circadian time (CT) 1) than in the subjective night (CT 16). Together with previous Northern blot hybridization studies, the present observation suggests that the level of somatostatin mRNA in SCN neurons is controlled by the circadian clock, independent of photic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiwaki
- Group Biological Clock, Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Okamura H, Kawakami F, Tamada Y, Geffard M, Nishiwaki T, Ibata Y, Inouye ST. Circadian change of VIP mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus following p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) treatment in constant darkness. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995; 29:358-64. [PMID: 7609623 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)00278-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is known to be regulated by two major extrinsic factors conveyed by three anatomically distinct pathways to the SCN: photic stimulus by the direct retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) and the indirect geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT), and information from the brainstem by ascending forebrain serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) tract. It has been shown that VIP mRNA level in neurons of the SCN is altered by external light, but remains stable in constant darkness. In the present study, by using the in situ hybridization technique combined with computer-assisted image analysis, we examined VIP mRNA expression in the SCN of rats in which the two major factors were eliminated, i.e. photic stimulus by exposing animals in total darkness and 5-HT transmission by three-day successive administration of p-chlorophenyl-alanine methylester (an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, 200 mg/kg, daily). In saline-treated controls, VIP mRNA levels remained almost constant throughout the day. In contrast, in PCPA-treated rats, a significant rhythm of VIP mRNA was observed with a peak at CT 4 and a trough at CT 20. These observations suggest that the removal of photic and 5-HT influence induces VIP mRNA rhythm in the SCN, indicating that VIP mRNA is controlled not only by photic information but also by the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okamura
- Department of Anatomy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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48
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Maeda N, Hamanaka H, Shintani T, Nishiwaki T, Noda M. Multiple receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases in the form of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. FEBS Lett 1994; 354:67-70. [PMID: 7957903 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that some of the brain proteoglycans are receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) was investigated. Membrane-bound proteoglycan fractions were prepared from the postnuclear membrane fraction of 8-day-old rat brain by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and CsCl density gradient centrifugation. The isolated proteoglycan fractions showed high PTPase specific activities together with the typical PTPase characteristics. Renaturation experiments indicated that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans with 380- and 170-kDa core proteins carried the PTPase activity. The proteoglycan with 380-kDa core protein was identified as RPTP beta/zeta bearing HNK-1 carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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49
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Ui H, Tomioka A, Nishiwaki T, Miyano K. Local‐field effects in the second‐harmonic generation from Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Administration of a somatostatin (SS) depletor, cysteamine, markedly reduced SS levels in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). At the same time, cysteamine administration induced a circadian rhythm of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) content in the SCN, which otherwise remains constant under constant environmental conditions. These results suggest that the stable level of VIP in the SCN under constant conditions is not an intrinsic property of VIP neurons but a consequence of interactions with other components in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Function, Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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