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Niimura Y, Biswa BB, Kishida T, Toyoda A, Fujiwara K, Ito M, Touhara K, Inoue-Murayama M, Jenkins SH, Adenyo C, Kayang BB, Koide T. Synchronized Expansion and Contraction of Olfactory, Vomeronasal, and Taste Receptor Gene Families in Hystricomorph Rodents. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae071. [PMID: 38649162 PMCID: PMC11035023 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical senses, including olfaction, pheromones, and taste, are crucial for the survival of most animals. There has long been a debate about whether different types of senses might influence each other. For instance, primates with a strong sense of vision are thought to have weakened olfactory abilities, although the oversimplified trade-off theory is now being questioned. It is uncertain whether such interactions between different chemical senses occur during evolution. To address this question, we examined four receptor gene families related to olfaction, pheromones, and taste: olfactory receptor (OR), vomeronasal receptor type 1 and type 2 (V1R and V2R), and bitter taste receptor (T2R) genes in Hystricomorpha, which is morphologically and ecologically the most diverse group of rodents. We also sequenced and assembled the genome of the grasscutter, Thryonomys swinderianus. By examining 16 available genome assemblies alongside the grasscutter genome, we identified orthologous gene groups among hystricomorph rodents for these gene families to separate the gene gain and loss events in each phylogenetic branch of the Hystricomorpha evolutionary tree. Our analysis revealed that the expansion or contraction of the four gene families occurred synchronously, indicating that when one chemical sense develops or deteriorates, the others follow suit. The results also showed that V1R/V2R genes underwent the fastest evolution, followed by OR genes, and T2R genes were the most evolutionarily stable. This variation likely reflects the difference in ligands of V1R/V2Rs, ORs, and T2Rs: species-specific pheromones, environment-based scents, and toxic substances common to many animals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Niimura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Bhim B Biswa
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takushi Kishida
- Curatorial Division, Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, Japan
- Present address: College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Fujiwara
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Scott H Jenkins
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Present address: Biosphere Informatics Laboratory, Department of Social Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christopher Adenyo
- Livestock and Poultry Research Centre, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Boniface B Kayang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan
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Venkatachalam B, Biswa BB, Nagayama H, Koide T. Association of tameness and sociability but no sign of domestication syndrome in mice selectively bred for active tameness. Genes Brain Behav 2024; 23:e12887. [PMID: 38373143 PMCID: PMC10876149 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Domesticated animals have been developed by selecting desirable traits following the initial unconscious selection stage, and now exhibit phenotypes desired by humans. Tameness is a common behavioural trait found in all domesticated animals. At the same time, these domesticated animals exhibit a variety of morphological, behavioural, and physiological traits that differ from their wild counterparts of their ancestral species. These traits are collectively referred to as domestication syndrome. However, whether this phenomenon exists is debatable. Previously, selective breeding has been used to enhance active tameness, a motivation to interact with humans, in wild heterogeneous stock mice derived from eight wild inbred strains. In the current study, we used tame mice to study how selective breeding for active tameness affects behavioural and morphological traits. A series of behavioural and morphological analyses on mice showed an increased preference for social stimuli and a longer duration of engagement in non-aggressive behaviour. However, no differences were observed in exploratory or anxiety-related behaviours. Similarly, selection for tameness did not affect ultrasonic vocalisations in mice, and no changes were observed in known morphological traits associated with domestication syndrome. These results suggest that there may be a link between active tameness and sociability and provide insights into the relationship between tameness and other behaviours in the context of domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Venkatachalam
- Mouse Genomics Resource LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaShizuokaJapan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAIMishimaShizuokaJapan
| | - Bhim B. Biswa
- Mouse Genomics Resource LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaShizuokaJapan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAIMishimaShizuokaJapan
| | - Hiromichi Nagayama
- Mouse Genomics Resource LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaShizuokaJapan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAIMishimaShizuokaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaShizuokaJapan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAIMishimaShizuokaJapan
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3
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Takanami K, Kuroiwa M, Ishikawa R, Imai Y, Oishi A, Hashino M, Shimoda Y, Sakamoto H, Koide T. Function of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in ocular itch transmission in the mouse trigeminal sensory system. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1280024. [PMID: 38098939 PMCID: PMC10719851 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1280024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in itchy eyes has increased constantly worldwide owing to environmental pollution. Currently, anti-allergic and antihistaminic eye drops are used; however, there are many unknown aspects about the neural circuits that transmit itchy eyes. We focused on the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP receptor (GRPR), which are reportedly involved in itch transmission in the spinal somatosensory system, to determine whether the GRP system is involved in itch neurotransmission of the eyes in the trigeminal sensory system. First, the instillation of itch mediators, such as histamine (His) and non-histaminergic itch mediator chloroquine (CQ), exhibited concentration-dependent high levels of eye scratching behavior, with a significant sex differences observed in the case of His. Histological analysis revealed that His and CQ significantly increased the neural activity of GRPR-expressing neurons in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the medulla oblongata in GRPR transgenic mice. We administered a GRPR antagonist or bombesin-saporin to ablate GRPR-expressing neurons, followed by His or CQ instillation, and observed a decrease in CQ-induced eye-scratching behavior in the toxin experiments. Intracisternal administration of neuromedin C (NMC), a GRPR agonist, resulted in dose-dependent excessive facial scratching behavior, despite the absence of an itch stimulus on the face. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that non-histaminergic itchy eyes were transmitted centrally via GRPR-expressing neurons in the trigeminal sensory system, and that NMC in the medulla oblongata evoked facial itching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takanami
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaya Kuroiwa
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Technical Section, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akane Oishi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Technical Section, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Midori Hashino
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimoda
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science, and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
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Ono K, Sujino T, Miyamoto K, Harada Y, Kojo S, Yoshimatsu Y, Tanemoto S, Koda Y, Zheng J, Sayama K, Koide T, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Takabayashi K, Nakamoto N, Hosoe N, London M, Ogata H, Mucida D, Taniuchi I, Kanai T. Downregulation of chemokine receptor 9 facilitates CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocyte development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5152. [PMID: 37620389 PMCID: PMC10449822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) reside in the gut epithelial layer, where they help in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Peripheral CD4+ T cells can develop into CD4+CD8αα+ IELs upon arrival at the gut epithelium via the lamina propria (LP). Although this specific differentiation of T cells is well established, the mechanisms preventing it from occurring in the LP remain unclear. Here, we show that chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression is low in epithelial CD4+CD8αα+ IELs, but CCR9 deficiency results in CD4+CD8αα+ over-differentiation in both the epithelium and the LP. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows an enriched precursor cell cluster for CD4+CD8αα+ IELs in Ccr9-/- mice. CD4+ T cells isolated from the epithelium of Ccr9-/- mice also display increased expression of Cbfβ2, and the genomic occupancy modification of Cbfβ2 expression reveals its important function in CD4+CD8αα+ differentiation. These results implicate a link between CCR9 downregulation and Cbfb2 splicing upregulation to enhance CD4+CD8αα+ IEL differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Laboratory, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Harada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kojo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Tanemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Applied Life Science Course, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Wild mouse strains have been used for many research studies, because of the high level of inter-strain genetic and phenotypic variations in them, in addition to the characteristic phenotype maintained from wild mice. However, since application of the current genetic engineering method on wild strains is not easy, there are limited studies that have attempted to apply gene modification techniques in wild strains. Recently, i-GONAD, a new method for genome editing that does not involve any ex vivo manipulation of unfertilized or fertilized eggs has been reported. We applied i-GONAD method for genome editing on a series of wild strains and showed that genome editing is efficiently possible using this method. We successfully made genetically engineered mice in seven out of the nine wild strains. Moreover, we believe that it is still possible to apply milder conditions and improve the efficiencies for the remaining two strains. These results will open avenues for studying the genetic basis of various phenotypes that are characteristic to wild strains. Furthermore, applying i-GONAD will be also useful for other mouse resources in which genetic manipulation is difficult using the method of microinjection into fertilized eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Imai
- grid.288127.60000 0004 0466 9350Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Akira Tanave
- grid.508743.dLaboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- grid.415729.c0000 0004 0377 284XDivision of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, 701-0202 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
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Koide T. Perturbative expansion of irreversible work in symmetric and asymmetric processes. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014145. [PMID: 35974545 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The systematic expansion method of the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is developed by generalizing the formulation proposed in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 325001 (2017)10.1088/1751-8121/aa7af4]. Using this method, we obtain an alternative formula to calculate the mean work perturbatively which is applicable to systems with degeneracy in the eigenvalues of the Fokker-Planck operator. This method enables us to study how the geometrical symmetry affects thermodynamic description of a Brownian particle. To illustrate the application of the derived theory, we consider the Fokker-Planck equation with a two-dimensional harmonic potential. To investigate the effect of symmetry of the potential, we study thermodynamic properties in symmetric and asymmetric deformation processes of the potential: the rotational symmetry of the harmonic potential is held in the former, but it is broken in the latter. Optimized deformations in these processes are defined by minimizing mean work. Comparing these optimized processes, we find that the difference between the symmetric and asymmetric processes is maximized when the deformation time of the potential is given by a critical time which is characterized by the relaxation time of the Fokker-Planck equation. This critical time in the mean work is smaller than that of the change of the mean energy because of the hysteresis effect in the irreversible processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koide
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68528, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Iwamoto R, Takahashi T, Yoshimi K, Imai Y, Koide T, Hara M, Ninomiya T, Nakamura H, Sayama K, Yukita A. Chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) negatively regulates trabecular bone mass by suppressing osteoblast and osteoclast activities. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:558-571. [PMID: 33721112 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone metabolism imbalances cause bone metabolism diseases, like osteoporosis, through aging. Although some chemokines are known to be involved in bone mass regulation, many have not been investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) on bone metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the role of CCL28 on bone metabolism, 10-week-old male wild-type and Ccl28 knockout (Ccl28 KO) mice were analyzed. Microcomputed tomography analysis and bone tissue morphometry were used to investigate the effect of Ccl28 deficiency on the bone. CCL28 localization in bone tissue was assumed by immunohistochemistry. Osteoblast and osteoclast markers were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Finally, in vitro experiments using MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow macrophages revealed the direct effect of CCL28 on osteoblast and osteoclast. RESULTS This study showed that Ccl28 deficiency significantly increased bone mass and the number of mature osteoblasts. Immunoreactivity for CCL28 was observed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone tissue. Additionally, Ccl28 deficiency promoted osteoblast and osteoclast maturation. Moreover, CCL28 treatment decreased osteoblast and osteoclast activities but did not affect differentiation. CONCLUSION In summary, this study indicated that CCL28 is one of the negative regulators of bone mass by suppressing osteoblast and osteoclast activities. These results provide important insights into bone immunology and the selection of new osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Iwamoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yoshimi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Division of Animal Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Miroku Hara
- Department of Oral Diagnostics and Comprehensive Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University Hospital, 1780 Hirooka-gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka-gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akira Yukita
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Education (Sciences), Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Miki Y, Devi L, Imai Y, Minami N, Koide T, Goel S. Deletion of the PDZ-binding kinase (Pbk) gene does not affect male fertility in mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:893-902. [PMID: 32586419 DOI: 10.1071/rd19445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) protein is localised exclusively in spermatogenic cells, such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids, of the adult testis. However, its role in male fertility remains unknown. Analysis of adult Pbk-knockout (KO) male mice showed no significant difference in the weight of the testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle compared with adult wild-type (WT) mice. There were no significant differences in testis morphology, tubule diameter and the number of offspring born to females mated with KO or WT male mice. Sperm number, motility and morphology did not differ significantly between KO and WT mice. The oocyte fertilisation rate and embryo development following IVF were comparable between groups fertilised using spermatozoa from KO versus WT mice (P>0.05). Further analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases was dysregulated in the testis of KO mice. In conclusion, Pbk-KO male mice are fertile and their spermatozoa and testis do not show any morphological and functional abnormalities despite the dysregulated phosphorylation of MAPKs. It is likely that functional redundancy of PBK and overlapping substrate specificities of the MAPK superfamily compensated for the loss of PBK from the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Miki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lalitha Devi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan; and Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sandeep Goel
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; and Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; and Corresponding author.
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9
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Matsumoto Y, Nagayama H, Nakaoka H, Toyoda A, Goto T, Koide T. Combined change of behavioral traits for domestication and gene-networks in mice selectively bred for active tameness. Genes Brain Behav 2021; 20:e12721. [PMID: 33314580 PMCID: PMC7988575 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tameness is a major element of animal domestication and involves two components: motivation to approach humans (active tameness) and reluctance to avoid humans (passive tameness). To understand the behavioral and genetic mechanisms of active tameness in mice, we had previously conducted selective breeding for long durations of contact and heading toward human hands in an active tameness test using a wild-derived heterogeneous stock. Although the study showed a significant increase in contacting and heading with the 12th generation of breeding, the effect on other behavioral indices related to tameness and change of gene expression levels underlying selective breeding was unclear. Here, we analyzed nine tameness-related traits at a later stage of selective breeding and analyzed how gene expression levels were changed by the selective breeding. We found that five traits, including contacting and heading, showed behavioral change in the selective groups comparing to the control through the generations. Furthermore, we conducted cluster analyses to evaluate the relationships among the nine traits and found that contacting and heading combined in an independent cluster in the selected groups, but not in the control groups. RNA-Seq of hippocampal tissue revealed differential expression of 136 genes between the selection and control groups, while the pathway analysis identified the networks associated with these genes. These results suggest that active tameness was hidden in the control groups but became apparent in the selected populations by selective breeding, potentially driven by changes in gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Chojamachi, Yokohamashi-Nakaku, Kanagawaken, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagayama
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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10
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Mallarapu L, Tanave A, Imai Y, Koide T. Affect of Esr1 polymorphisms in maternal behavior in mouse. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
Black coat color (nonagouti) is a widespread classical mutation in laboratory mouse strains. The intronic insertion of endogenous retrovirus VL30 in the nonagouti (a) allele of agouti gene was previously reported as the cause of the nonagouti phenotype. Here, we report agouti mouse strains from East Asia that carry the VL30 insertion, indicating that VL30 alone does not cause the nonagouti phenotype. We find that a rare type of endogenous retrovirus, β4, was integrated into the VL30 region at the a allele through nested retrotransposition, causing abnormal splicing. Targeted complete deletion of the β4 element restores agouti gene expression and agouti coat color, whereas deletion of β4 except for a single long terminal repeat results in black-and-tan coat color. Phylogenetic analyses show that the a allele and the β4 retrovirus originated from an East Asian mouse lineage most likely related to Japanese fancy mice. These findings reveal the causal mechanism and historic origin of the classical nonagouti mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tanave
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan
- Present Address: Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan
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12
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Abstract
Domesticated animals such as dogs and laboratory mice show a high level of tameness, which is important for humans to handle them easily. Tameness has two behavioral components: a reluctance to avoid humans (passive tameness) and a motivation to approach humans (active tameness). To quantify these components in mice, we previously developed behavioral tests for active tameness, passive tameness, and the willingness to stay on a human hand, each designed to be completed within 3 min. The data obtained were used for selective breeding, with a large number of mice analyzed per generation. The active tameness test measures the movement of the mouse toward a human hand and the contact it engages in. The passive tameness test measures the duration of time that a mouse tolerates human touch. In the stay-on-hand test, a mouse is placed on a human hand and touched slowly using the thumb of that hand; the duration of time that the animal remains on the hand is measured. Here, we describe the test set-up and apparatus, explain the procedures, and discuss the appropriate data analysis. Finally, we explain how to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nagayama
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Akira Tanave
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics
| | - Motoko Nihei
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies);
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13
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Hennis BC, van Boheemen PA, Wakabayashi S, Koide T, Hoffmann JJML, Klevit P, Dooijewaard G, Jansen JG, Kluft C. Identification and Genetic Analysis of a Common Molecular Variant of Histidine-rich Glycoprotein with a Difference of 2KD in Apparent Molecular Weight. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTwo forms of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) were detected on SDS-PAGE by silver staining and immunoblotting after isolation of the protein from pooled plasma using immuno-affinity chromatography followed by chromatography with heparin-Sepharose. Both forms were single-chain molecules and the apparent molecular weights of form 1 and form 2 were 77 kD and 75 kD respectively. Mendelian inheritance of both HRG forms was observed in four families with 24 informative meioses, strongly suggesting that the two forms are encoded by different alleles. The frequency of form 1 and form 2 in a group of 36 individuals was 0.35 and 0.65 respectively.The difference between the two molecular variants was studied by direct sequence analysis of amplified exons of the HRG gene from 6 individuals who were homozygous either for form 1 or form 2. Five amino acid polymorphisms in three different exons were observed: Ile/Thr in exon 4; Pro/Ser in exon 5; His/Arg, Arg/Cys and Asn/Ile in exon 7. Analysis of these polymorphisms in 20 volunteers showed that only the Pro/Ser polymorphism at position 186 in exon 5 was coupled to the form of the HRG protein. Ser was found in form 1 and Pro in form 2. The presence of Ser at position 186 introduces a consensus sequence for a N-glycosylation site (Asn-X-Ser/Thr). By removing N-linked sugars with N-glycanase, it could be demonstrated that the difference between the two forms of HRG is caused by an extra carbohydrate group at Asn 184 in form 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Hennis
- The Gaublus Laboratory TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Wakabayashi
- The Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Kamigorl, Japan
| | - T Koide
- The Department of Life Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Kamigorl, Japan
| | - J J M L Hoffmann
- The Haemostasis Division, Department of Clinical Laboratories, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Klevit
- The Gaublus Laboratory TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Dooijewaard
- The Gaublus Laboratory TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J G Jansen
- The MGC-Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, State University Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Kluft
- The Gaublus Laboratory TNO-PG, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Okabe S, Tsuneoka Y, Takahashi A, Oyama R, Watarai A, Maeda S, Honda Y, Nagasawa M, Mogi K, Nishimori K, Kuroda M, Koide T, Kikusui T. Corrigendum to "Pup exposure facilitates retrieving behavior via the oxytocin neural system in female mice" [Psychoneuroendocrinology 79 (2017) 20-30]. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91:271-272. [PMID: 29433760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okabe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Rumi Oyama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Watarai
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sayaka Maeda
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuka Honda
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Kuroda
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan.
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15
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Ishii K, Masuda T, Itoh J, Koide T, Tomidokoro Y, Takei Y, Tamaoka A. Transforming growth factor-β1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Matsumoto Y, Goto T, Nishino J, Nakaoka H, Tanave A, Takano-Shimizu T, Mott RF, Koide T. Selective breeding and selection mapping using a novel wild-derived heterogeneous stock of mice revealed two closely-linked loci for tameness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4607. [PMID: 28676693 PMCID: PMC5496859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tameness is a major behavioral factor for domestication, and can be divided into two potential components: motivation to approach humans (active tameness) and reluctance to avoid humans (passive tameness). We identified genetic loci for active tameness through selective breeding, selection mapping, and association analysis. In previous work using laboratory and wild mouse strains, we found that laboratory strains were predominantly selected for passive tameness but not active tameness during their domestication. To identify genetic regions associated with active tameness, we applied selective breeding over 9 generations for contacting, a behavioural parameter strongly associated with active tameness. The prerequisite for successful selective breeding is high genetic variation in the target population, so we established and used a novel resource, wild-derived heterogeneous stock (WHS) mice from eight wild strains. The mice had genetic variations not present in other outbred mouse populations. Selective breeding of the WHS mice increased the contacting level through the generations. Selection mapping was applied to the selected population using a simulation based on a non-selection model and inferred haplotype data derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found a genomic signature for selection on chromosome 11 containing two closely linked loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Jo Nishino
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Akira Tanave
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | | | - Richard F Mott
- Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.
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17
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Okabe S, Tsuneoka Y, Takahashi A, Ooyama R, Watarai A, Maeda S, Honda Y, Nagasawa M, Mogi K, Nishimori K, Kuroda M, Koide T, Kikusui T. Pup exposure facilitates retrieving behavior via the oxytocin neural system in female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:20-30. [PMID: 28246032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parental behavior in mammals is innate, but it is also facilitated by social experience, specifically social interactions between the parent and infant. Social interactions with infants also induce the alloparental behavior of virgin animals. Oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in mediating alloparental behavior. Although parental behavior is modulated by the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and adjacent regions, it is unclear how OT acts in these regions as a control mechanism of alloparental behavior promoted by adult-pup interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of OT for facilitating effects of adult-pup interactions on alloparental behavior via neural activity of preoptic area (POA), including MPOA and adjacent area. For this purpose, we conducted behavioral tests and examined the neural activity of the OT system in POA. Virgin female mice that were repeatedly exposed to pups showed shorter retrieving latencies and higher number of c-Fos expressing neurons in POA, particular in lateral preoptic area (LPO) compared to control animals that were exposed to pups only one time. In addition, repeated pup exposure increased the proportion of OT neurons and OTR neurons expressing c-Fos in POA. The concentration of OT also significantly increased in the POA. Finally, infusion of an OT antagonist into the POA area blocked the facilitating effects of repeated pup exposure on retrieving behavior. These results demonstrated that the facilitating effects of repeated pup exposure on alloparental behavior occurred via an organizational role of the OT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okabe
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8540 Japan
| | - Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Rumi Ooyama
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Watarai
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sayaka Maeda
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuka Honda
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Kuroda
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8540 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan.
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18
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Arakawa T, Tanave A, Takahashi A, Kakihara S, Koide T, Tsuchiya T. Automated Estimation of Mouse Social Behaviors Based on a Hidden Markov Model. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1552:185-197. [PMID: 28224500 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6753-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in sensing and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled researchers in animal behavior to collect an enormous amount of data. Consequently, the development of an automated system to substitute for some of the observations and analyses that are performed currently by expert researchers is becoming a crucial issue so that the vast amount of accumulated data can be processed efficiently. For this purpose, we introduce a process for the automated classification of the social interactive status of two mice in a square field on the basis of a Hidden Markov model (HMM). We developed two models: one for the classification of two states, namely, indifference and interaction, and the other for three states, namely, indifference, sniffing, and following. The HMM was trained with data from 50 pairs of mice as provided by expert human observers. We measured the performance of the HMM by determining its rate of concordance with human observation. We found that sniffing behavior was segmented well by the HMM; however, following behavior was not segmented well by the HMM in terms of percentage concordance. We also developed software called DuoMouse, an automated system for the classification of social interactive behavior of mice, that was based on the HMM. Finally, we compared two implementations of the HMM that were based on a histogram and a Gaussian mixture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Arakawa
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Aichi University of Technology, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0047, Japan.
| | - Akira Tanave
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakihara
- Formerly National Graduate, Institute for Policy Studies, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-8677, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-8677, Japan.,The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Thermodynamic behaviors in a quantum Brownian motion coupled to a classical heat bath is studied. We then define a heat operator by generalizing the stochastic energetics and show the energy balance (first law) and the upper bound of the expectation value of the heat operator (second law). We further find that this upper bound depends on the memory effect induced by quantum fluctuations and hence the maximum extractable work can be qualitatively modified in quantum thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koide
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68528, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Noguchi Y, Takashima S, Ikezoe J, Yoshii M, Koide T, Kozuka T. Hyperparathyroidism — Comparison of Flash Imaging with Spin ECHO MR Imaging. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519303400619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MR images of the neck were prospectively studied in 19 patients with hyperparathyroidism. Fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence was performed in addition to T1- and T2-weighted spin echo (SE) sequences. FLASH images were obtained with 320/12/20° (TR/TE/flip angle) using presaturation technique. TE of 12 ms was chosen to eliminate high signal of fat tissue. In the evaluation of detectability, a combination of T1-weighted SE and FLASH images (T1WI + FLASH) was compared with a combination of T1- and T2-weighted SE images (T1WI + T2WI). MR imaging correctly depicted 20 of 30 abnormal glands on both T1WI + FLASH and T1WI + T2WI. FLASH imaging effectively eliminated high signal of fat tissue. Nineteen abnormal glands demonstrated higher signal than surrounding tissues on FLASH images, whereas 12 glands were high-intense on T2-weighted SE images. We conclude that FLASH imaging provides improved tissue contrast and anatomic delineation and, thus, may replace T2-weighted SE imaging in the neck.
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21
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Werkmeister FX, Koide T, Nickel BA. Ammonia sensing for enzymatic urea detection using organic field effect transistors and a semipermeable membrane. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:162-168. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic transistors detect the enzymatic breakdown of ureaviaammonia diffusion into the transistor through a semipermeable parylene-C membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. X. Werkmeister
- Fakultät für Physik & CeNS
- Ludwig-Maximilians – Universität München
- München
- Germany
| | - T. Koide
- Fakultät für Physik & CeNS
- Ludwig-Maximilians – Universität München
- München
- Germany
- Japan Patent Office
| | - B. A. Nickel
- Fakultät für Physik & CeNS
- Ludwig-Maximilians – Universität München
- München
- Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM)
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22
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Hirata H, Umemori J, Yoshioka H, Koide T, Watanabe K, Shimoda Y. Cell adhesion molecule contactin-associated protein 3 is expressed in the mouse basal ganglia during early postnatal stages. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:74-89. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Hirata
- Department of Bioengineering; Nagaoka University of Technology; Nagaoka Niigata Japan
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory; National Institute of Genetics; Mishima Shizuoka Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory; National Institute of Genetics; Mishima Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory; National Institute of Genetics; Mishima Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kazutada Watanabe
- Department of Bioengineering; Nagaoka University of Technology; Nagaoka Niigata Japan
- Nagaoka National College of Technology; Nagaoka Niigata Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimoda
- Department of Bioengineering; Nagaoka University of Technology; Nagaoka Niigata Japan
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23
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Takahashi A, Sugimoto H, Kato S, Shiroishi T, Koide T. Mapping of Genetic Factors That Elicit Intermale Aggressive Behavior on Mouse Chromosome 15: Intruder Effects and the Complex Genetic Basis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137764. [PMID: 26389588 PMCID: PMC4577130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high estimates of the heritability of aggressiveness, the genetic basis for individual differences in aggression remains unclear. Previously, we showed that the wild-derived mouse strain MSM/Ms (MSM) exhibits highly aggressive behaviors, and identified chromosome 15 (Chr 15) as the location of one of the genetic factors behind this escalated aggression by using a panel of consomic strains of MSM in a C57BL/6J (B6) background. To understand the genetic effect of Chr 15 derived from MSM in detail, this study examined the aggressive behavior of a Chr 15 consomic strain towards different types of opponent. Our results showed that both resident and intruder animals had to have the same MSM Chr 15 genotype in order for attack bites to increase and attack latency to be reduced, whereas there was an intruder effect of MSM Chr 15 on tail rattle behavior. To narrow down the region that contains the genetic loci involved in the aggression-eliciting effects on Chr 15, we established a panel of subconsomic strains of MSM Chr 15. Analysis of these strains suggested the existence of multiple genes that enhance and suppress aggressive behavior on Chr 15, and these loci interact in a complex way. Regression analysis successfully identified four genetic loci on Chr 15 that influence attack latency, and one genetic locus that partially elicits aggressive behaviors was narrowed down to a 4.1-Mbp region (from 68.40 Mb to 72.50 Mb) on Chr 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugimoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shogo Kato
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, NIG, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Arakawa T, Tanave A, Ikeuchi S, Takahashi A, Kakihara S, Kimura S, Sugimoto H, Asada N, Shiroishi T, Tomihara K, Tsuchiya T, Koide T. A male-specific QTL for social interaction behavior in mice mapped with automated pattern detection by a hidden Markov model incorporated into newly developed freeware. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 234:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Takahashi A, Shiroishi T, Koide T. Genetic mapping of escalated aggression in wild-derived mouse strain MSM/Ms: association with serotonin-related genes. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:156. [PMID: 24966813 PMCID: PMC4052355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese wild-derived mouse strain MSM/Ms (MSM) retains a wide range of traits related to behavioral wildness, including high levels of emotionality and avoidance of humans. In this study, we observed that MSM showed a markedly higher level of aggression than the standard laboratory strain C57BL/6J. Whereas almost all MSM males showed high frequencies of attack bites and pursuit in the resident-intruder test, only a few C57BL/6J males showed aggressive behaviors, with these behaviors observed at only a low frequency. Sexually mature MSM males in their home cages killed their littermates, or sometimes female pair-mates. To study the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the escalated aggression observed in MSM mice, we analyzed reciprocal F1 crosses and five consomic strains of MSM (Chr 4, 13, 15, X and Y) against the background of C57BL/6J. We identified two chromosomes, Chr 4 and Chr 15, which were involved in the heightened aggression observed in MSM. These chromosomes had different effects on aggression: whereas MSM Chr 15 increased agitation and initiation of aggressive events, MSM Chr 4 induced a maladaptive level of aggressive behavior. Expression analysis of mRNAs of serotonin receptors, serotonin transporter and Tph2, an enzyme involved in serotonin synthesis in seven brain areas, indicated several differences among MSM, C57BL/6J, and their consomic strains. We found that Tph2 expression in the midbrain was increased in the Chr 4 consomic strain, as well as in MSM, and that there was a strong positive genetic correlation between aggressive behavior and Tph2 expression at the mRNA level. Therefore, it is possible that increased expression of the Tph2 gene is related to escalated aggression observed in MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG) Mishima, Japan ; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI Mishima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI Mishima, Japan ; Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG) Mishima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG) Mishima, Japan ; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI Mishima, Japan
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Takahashi A, Nagayasu K, Nishitani N, Kaneko S, Koide T. Control of intermale aggression by medial prefrontal cortex activation in the mouse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94657. [PMID: 24740241 PMCID: PMC3989250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is widely observed throughout the animal kingdom because of its adaptiveness for social animals. However, when aggressive behavior exceeds the species-typical level, it is no longer adaptive, so there should be a mechanism to control excessive aggression to keep it within the adaptive range. Using optogenetics, we demonstrate that activation of excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but not the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inhibits inter-male aggression in mice. At the same time, optogenetic silencing of mPFC neurons causes an escalation of aggressive behavior both quantitatively and qualitatively. Activation of the mPFC suppresses aggressive bursts and reduces the intensity of aggressive behavior, but does not change the duration of the aggressive bursts. Our findings suggest that mPFC activity has an inhibitory role in the initiation and execution, but not the termination, of aggressive behavior, and maintains such behavior within the adaptive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kanno K, Kokubo H, Takahashi A, Koide T, Ishiura S. Enhanced prepulse inhibition and low sensitivity to a dopamine agonist in HESR1 knockout mice. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:287-97. [PMID: 24431082 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor Hesr family genes are important in neuronal development. We demonstrated previously that HESR1 and HESR2 modified expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) reporter gene. HESR-family genes have been investigated in development, but their functions, especially in relation to behaviors regulated by dopamine, in adult animals remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Hesr1 and Hesr2 on behavior. A behavioral test battery to examine spontaneous activity, anxiety-like behavior, aggressive behavior, pain sensitivity, and sensorimotor gating was conducted in Hesr1 and Hesr2 knockout (KO) mice. Enhanced prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is a form of sensorimotor gating, was observed in only Hesr1 KO mice; other behavioral traits were mostly comparable to wild-type animals in both the Hesr1 and the Hesr2 KO lines. Next, we used a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, to confirm the involvement of the dopaminergic system. Injection of apomorphine reduced the enhanced PPI in Hesr1 KO mice. Additionally, dose-dependent sensitivity to the agonist was lower in the Hesr1 KO mice than in wild-type mice, suggesting that the enhanced PPI resulted from this alteration in dopamine sensitivity. Furthermore, DAT mRNA was downregulated in Hesr1 KO mice, whereas the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors were comparable. These findings suggest Hesr1 to be a novel factor that affects dopamine sensitivity and the sensorimotor gating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Kanno
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Goto T, Tanave A, Moriwaki K, Shiroishi T, Koide T. Selection for reluctance to avoid humans during the domestication of mice. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:760-70. [PMID: 24034605 PMCID: PMC4282115 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many animal species have been domesticated over the course of human history and became tame as a result of domestication. Tameness is a behavioral characteristic with 2 potential components: (1) reluctance to avoid humans and (2) motivation to approach humans. However, the specific behavioral characteristics selected during domestication processes remain to be clarified for many species. To quantify these 2 different components of tameness separately, we established 3 behavioral tests: the ‘active tame’, ‘passive tame’ and ‘stay-on-hand’ tests. We subjected genetically diverse mouse strains to these tests, including 10 wild strains (BFM/2Ms, PGN2/Ms, HMI/Ms, BLG2/Ms, NJL/Ms, KJR/Ms, SWN/Ms, CHD/Ms, MSM/Ms and CAST/Ei), a fancy strain (JF1/Ms) and 6 standard laboratory strains (C3H/HeNJcl, CBA/J, BALB/cAnNCrlCrlj, DBA/2JJcl, 129+Ter/SvJcl and C57BL/6JJcl). To analyze the effects of domestication, these 17 strains were divided into 2 groups: domesticated strains (fancy and laboratory strains) and wild strains. Significant differences between strains were observed in all traits, and the calculated estimates of broad-sense heritability were 0.15–0.72. These results illustrate that tameness in mice is significantly influenced by genetic background. In addition, they clearly show the differences in the features of tameness in domesticated and wild strains. Most of the domesticated strains showed significantly greater reluctance to avoid humans than wild strains, whereas there was no significant difference in the level of motivation to approach humans between these 2 groups. These results might help to clarify the genetic basis of tameness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka; Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo
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Umemori J, Mori A, Ichiyanagi K, Uno T, Koide T. Identification of both copy number variation-type and constant-type core elements in a large segmental duplication region of the mouse genome. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:455. [PMID: 23834397 PMCID: PMC3722088 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variation (CNV), an important source of diversity in genomic structure, is frequently found in clusters called CNV regions (CNVRs). CNVRs are strongly associated with segmental duplications (SDs), but the composition of these complex repetitive structures remains unclear. Results We conducted self-comparative-plot analysis of all mouse chromosomes using the high-speed and large-scale-homology search algorithm SHEAP. For eight chromosomes, we identified various types of large SD as tartan-checked patterns within the self-comparative plots. A complex arrangement of diagonal split lines in the self-comparative-plots indicated the presence of large homologous repetitive sequences. We focused on one SD on chromosome 13 (SD13M), and developed SHEPHERD, a stepwise ab initio method, to extract longer repetitive elements and to characterize repetitive structures in this region. Analysis using SHEPHERD showed the existence of 60 core elements, which were expected to be the basic units that form SDs within the repetitive structure of SD13M. The demonstration that sequences homologous to the core elements (>70% homology) covered approximately 90% of the SD13M region indicated that our method can characterize the repetitive structure of SD13M effectively. Core elements were composed largely of fragmented repeats of a previously identified type, such as long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), together with partial genic regions. Comparative genome hybridization array analysis showed that whereas 42 core elements were components of CNVR that varied among mouse strains, 8 did not vary among strains (constant type), and the status of the others could not be determined. The CNV-type core elements contained significantly larger proportions of long terminal repeat (LTR) types of retrotransposon than the constant-type core elements, which had no CNV. The higher divergence rates observed in the CNV-type core elements than in the constant type indicate that the CNV-type core elements have a longer evolutionary history than constant-type core elements in SD13M. Conclusions Our methodology for the identification of repetitive core sequences simplifies characterization of the structures of large SDs and detailed analysis of CNV. The results of detailed structural and quantitative analyses in this study might help to elucidate the biological role of one of the SDs on chromosome 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzoh Umemori
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of complex traits has become one of the major issues in genetics, but recent advances in this field are still faced with a difficulty, the so-called "missing heritability." It is speculated that missing heritability mainly stems from a large number of variants of small effect that are poorly detected by currently available methods. In order to overcome this problem, many recent genetic studies of complex traits have actively used outbred stocks of mice. However, most of the available outbred stocks have a limited amount of genetic variation, because many stocks originate from Swiss mouse colonies. We have repeatedly shown that wild-derived strains are a useful mouse resource since there is a large genetic diversity among these strains. Here, we give an overview of mouse resources produced by crossing different founder mice. Finally, we propose an advantage of new attempts to conduct selective breeding using heterogeneous stocks created by mixing genomes of wild-derived inbred strains of mice when studying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Amemiya K, Sakamaki M, Koide T, Ito K, Tsuchiya K, Harada K, Aoto T, Shioya T, Obina T, Yamamoto S, Kobayashi Y. Fast polarization switching in the soft X-ray region at PF BL-16A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/15/152015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sekino Y, Yamada E, Sakai E, Ohkubo H, Higurashi T, Iida H, Endo H, Takahashi H, Koide T, Sakamoto Y, Nonaka T, Gotoh E, Maeda S, Nakajima A, Inamori M. Influence of sumatriptan on gastric accommodation and on antral contraction in healthy subjects assessed by ultrasonography. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:1083-e564. [PMID: 22882753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral sumatriptan administration has been reported to delay gastric emptying after liquid meals. The aim of this study was to determine whether delayed gastric emptying is caused by enhanced gastric accommodation, impaired antral contractions, or both using ultrasonography. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled in this randomized two-way crossover study. After overnight fasting, the subjects received the liquid meal 60 min after ingesting a 50 mg sumatriptan tablet with 50 mL of water or 50 mL of water alone (control). The cross-sectional area of the proximal stomach was measured in a supine position after every 100 mL. The frequency and amplitude of the antral contractions were measured in a slightly backward sitting position. The intragastric distribution of the liquid meal was assessed by calculating the proximal stomach/distal stomach ratio (prox/distal ratio). KEY RESULTS The cross-sectional area after drinking 100, 200, and 300 mL of the liquid meal (oral sumatriptan vs control) was 34.49 vs 15.11 cm(2) (P = 0.0051), 48.00 vs 30.61 cm(2) (P = 0.0166), and 58.67 vs 47.19 cm(2) (P = 0.0125), respectively. There was no significant difference in the amplitude of contractions, contraction cycle, motility index, and prox/distal ratio (97.15 vs 97.93%, P = 0.0745; 19.42 vs 19.5 s, P= 0.8590; and 887.58 vs 889.22, P = 0.5751; 9.75 vs 8.41, P = 0.8785; respectively). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Oral sumatriptan administration enhanced gastric accommodation after the ingestion of liquid nutrients, but had no significant effect on antral contractions or intragastric distribution in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sekino
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Takahashi A, Schilit AN, Kim J, DeBold JF, Koide T, Miczek KA. Behavioral characterization of escalated aggression induced by GABA(B) receptor activation in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 224:155-66. [PMID: 22395428 PMCID: PMC3694325 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pharmacological activation of GABA(B) receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) can escalate territorial aggression in male mice. OBJECTIVES We characterized this escalated aggression in terms of its behavioral and environmental determinants. METHODS Aggressive behavior of resident male (CFW or ICR mouse) was assessed in confrontations with a group-housed intruder. Either baclofen (0.06 nmol/0.2 μl) or vehicle (saline) was microinjected into the DRN 10 min before the confrontation. We examined baclofen-heightened aggression in five situations: aggression in a neutral arena and after social instigation (experiment 1), aggression during the light phase of the cycle (experiment 2), aggression without prior fighting experience (experiment 3), aggression toward a female (experiment 4), and aggression after defeat experiences (experiment 5). In addition, we examined the body targets towards which bites are directed and the duration of aggressive bursts after baclofen treatment. RESULTS Regardless of the past social experience, baclofen escalated aggressive behaviors. Even in the neutral arena and after defeat experiences, where aggressive behaviors were inhibited, baclofen significantly increased aggression. Baclofen increased attack bites directed at vulnerable body areas of male intruders but not toward a female and only in the dark. Also, baclofen prolonged the duration of aggressive bursts. CONCLUSIONS For baclofen to escalate aggression, specific stimulation (male intruder) and tonic level of serotonin (dark cycle) are required. Once aggressive behavior is triggered, intra-DRN baclofen escalates the level of aggression to abnormal levels and renders it difficult to terminate. Also, baclofen counteracts the effects of novelty or past experiences of defeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Arielle N. Schilit
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Joseph F. DeBold
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Klaus A. Miczek
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, USA
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Sekino Y, Endo H, Yamada E, Sakai E, Ohkubo H, Higurashi T, Iida H, Hosono K, Takahashi H, Koide T, Nonaka T, Abe Y, Gotoh E, Maeda S, Nakajima A, Inamori M. Clinical associations and risk factors for bleeding from colonic angiectasia: a case-controlled study. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:e740-6. [PMID: 22709354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A case-controlled study was performed to investigate the association of colonic angiectasia with other conditions and to identify risk factors for bleeding. METHOD Information was collected from all patients who underwent colonoscopy at our hospital between January 2008 and December 2010. Data on 90 individuals with angiectasia [58 men; median age 69 (26-92) years] were compared with those of 180 individuals without angiectasia, matched for gender and age. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that occult gastrointestinal bleeding [odds ratio (OR) 2.523; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.238-5.142], liver cirrhosis (OR 13.195; 95% CI 3.502-49.711), chronic renal failure (OR 6.796; 95% CI 1.598-28.904) and valvular heart disease (OR 6.425; 95% CI 1.028-40.165) were identified as significant predictors of the presence of colonic angiectasia. Eight patients were diagnosed with bleeding from angiectasia. Cardiovascular disease (OR 22.047; 95% CI 1.063-457.345) and multiple angiectasias (P-value 0.0019) were identified as significant risk factors for active bleeding. Medication and a large size were not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. CONCLUSION The presence of colonic angiectasia was associated with valvular heart disease, liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure. Valvular heart disease and multiple lesions increased the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sekino
- Gastroenterology Division Department of Medical Education, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract
Autism was previously thought to be caused by environmental factors. However, genetic factors are now considered to be more contributory to the pathogenesis of autism, based on the recent findings of mutations in the genes which encode synaptic molecules associated with the communication between neurons. Epigenetic is a mechanism that controls gene expression without changing DNA sequence but by changing chromosomal histone modifications and its abnormality is associated with several neurodevelopmental diseases. Since epigenetic modifications are known to be affected by environmental factors such as nutrition, drugs and mental stress, autistic diseases are not only caused by congenital genetic defects, but may also be caused by environmental factors via epigenetic mechanism. In this chapter, we introduce autistic diseases caused by epigenetic failures and discuss epigenetic changes by environmental factors and discuss new treatments for neurodevelopmental diseases based on the recent epigenetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Miyake
- Department of Epigenetics Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Koide T, Ikeda K, Ogasawara M, Shiroishi T, Moriwaki K, Takahashi A. A new twist on behavioral genetics by incorporating wild-derived mouse strains. Exp Anim 2011; 60:347-54. [PMID: 21791874 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior has been proven to be extremely variable among human individuals. One of the most important factors for such variations of behavior is genetic diversity. A variety of mouse strains are reportedly suitable animal models for investigating the genetic basis of large individual differences in behavior. Laboratory strains have been shown to exhibit different behavioral traits due to variations in their genetic background. However, they show low-level genetic polymorphism because the original colony used for establishing the strains comprises a relatively small number of mice. Furthermore, because the laboratory strains were derived from fancy mice, they have lost the original behavioral phenotype of wild mice. Therefore, incorporation of inbred strains derived from wild mice of different mouse subspecies for behavioral studies is a marked advantage. In the long-term process of establishing a variety of wild-derived inbred strains from wild mice captured all over the world, a number of strains have been established. We previously identified a marked variety in behavioral traits using a Mishima battery. This review reports on the usefulness of wild-derived strains for genetic analyses of behavioral phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Hosokawa K, Ohnishi T, Kondo T, Fukasawa M, Koide T, Maruyama I, Tanaka KA. A novel automated microchip flow-chamber system to quantitatively evaluate thrombus formation and antithrombotic agents under blood flow conditions. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2029-37. [PMID: 21827607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we describe a newly developed microchip-based analytical system to evaluate white thrombus formation (WTF). Efficacies of various antithrombotic agents were compared under different flow conditions. METHODS Whole blood containing corn trypsin inhibitor was perfused over a microchip coated with collagen and tissue thromboplastin at the lower and higher shear rates of 240 and 600 s(-1) , and WTF process inside the microchip was quantified by monitoring a flow pressure. Parameters of T(10) (time to 10 kPa), T(10-80) (time from 10 to 80 kPa) and OT (occlusion time; time to 80 kPa) were used to evaluate the onset and the growth rate of WTF, and the capillary occlusion, respectively. RESULTS After perfusion was started, white thrombus composed of activated platelets and fibrin was formed on the coated surface. Thrombus gradually increased in size and eventually occluded the capillary. Among anticoagulants, heparin (0.5-1.0 U mL(-1)) potently prolonged T(10) at both shear rates, whereas low molecular weight heparin (1.0-2.0 IU mL(-1)) inhibited the growth of WTF at the lower shear rate. Among antiplatelet agents, abciximab (1-2 μg mL(-1)) significantly reduced the size and number of thrombi, which was additively enhanced in the presence of heparin (0.5 U mL(-1) ). OS-1 (specific GPIbα-antagonist) prevented the complete capillary occlusion. CONCLUSION The novel monitoring system of WTF may be useful in preclinical and clinical evaluations of different types of antithrombotic strategies, and their effects in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Suga T, Kimura E, Morioka Y, Ikawa M, Uchino K, Koide T, Uchida Y, Yamashita S, Maeda Y, Li S, Chamberlain J, Uchino M. P4.58 Muscle fiber type-predominant promoter activity in lentiviral-mediated transgenic mouse. Neuromuscul Disord 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.06.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Takahashi A, Miczek KA, Koide T. Characterization of escalated aggression by GABAB receptor activation in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sugimoto H, Takahashi A, Koide T. Molecular analysis of modulator of acetylcholine receptor (Lynx1) found in the genomic region associated with increased social anxiety in wild derived mouse. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Goto T, Ishii A, Nishi A, Takahashi A, Shiroishi T, Koide T. Genetic study of multigenic factors related to strain difference of temporal pattern in mouse home-cage activity. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kikusui T, Koide T. Ultrasound communication in mice. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tanave A, Takahashi A, Arakawa T, Kakihara S, Kimura S, Sugimoto H, Shiroishi T, Tomihara K, Tsuchiya T, Koide T. Software development for analyzing social interaction behaviors in mice using hidden Markov model. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sugimoto H, Okabe S, Kato M, Koshida N, Shiroishi T, Mogi K, Kikusui T, Koide T. A role for strain differences in waveforms of ultrasonic vocalizations during male-female interaction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22093. [PMID: 21818297 PMCID: PMC3144874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) towards females during male-female interaction. It has been reported that USVs of adult male mice have the capability of attracting females. Although the waveform pattern of USVs is affected by genetic background, differences among strains with respect to USV and the effects of these differences on courtship behavior have not been analyzed fully. We analyzed USV patterns, as well as actual social behavior during USV recording, in 13 inbred mouse strains, which included laboratory and wild-derived strains. Significant effects of strain were observed for the frequency of USV emission, duration, and frequency of the waveform category. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that PC1 was related to frequency and duration, and PC2-4 were related to each waveform. In the comparison of USV patterns and behaviors among strains, wild-derived KJR mice displayed the highest scores for PC2-4, and female mice paired with KJR males did not emit rejection-related click sounds. It is assumed that the waveforms emitted by KJR males have a positive effect in male-female interaction. Therefore, we extracted waveforms in PC2-4 from the USV recordings of KJR mice to produce a sound file, "HIGH2-4". As a negative control, another sound file ("LOW2-4") was created by extracting waveforms in PC2-4 from strains with low scores for these components. In the playback experiments using these sound files, female mice were attracted to the speaker that played HIGH2-4 but not the speaker that played LOW2-4. These results highlight the role of strain differences in the waveforms of male USVs during male-female interaction. The results indicated that female mice use male USVs as information when selecting a suitable mate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sugimoto
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Okabe
- Companion Animal Research, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Koshida
- Division of Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Koide T, Kodama T. Thermodynamic laws and equipartition theorem in relativistic Brownian motion. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:061111. [PMID: 21797306 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.061111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We extend the stochastic energetics to a relativistic system. The thermodynamic laws and equipartition theorem are discussed for a relativistic Brownian particle and the first and the second law of thermodynamics in this formalism are derived. The relation between the relativistic equipartition relation and the rate of heat transfer is discussed in the relativistic case together with the nature of the noise term.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koide
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kasai S, Kan F, Hata H, Takamatsu Y, Hagino Y, Shiroishi T, Koide T, Ikeda K. [Relationship between Oprm1 polymorphism and morphine sensitivity in inbred-strain mice derived from wild mice]. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 31:87-88. [PMID: 21870367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Sekino Y, Fujisawa N, Suzuki K, Akimoto K, Takahata A, Miharada K, Koyama S, Iida H, Endo H, Hosono K, Sakamoto Y, Takahashi H, Koide T, Tokoro C, Abe Y, Maeda S, Nakajima A, Tatsumoto A, Sakurada H, Inamori M. A case of recurrent infective endocarditis following colonoscopy. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E217. [PMID: 20845280 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sekino
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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49
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Uchiyama T, Goto A, Sakai E, Sekino Y, Iida H, Endo H, Hosono K, Sakamoto Y, Koide T, Takahashi H, Yoneda M, Tokoro C, Abe Y, Shimamura T, Kobayashi N, Kubota K, Maeda S, Nakajima A, Ichikawa Y, Inamori M. Endoscopic hemostasis through gastrostomy. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E270. [PMID: 20931478 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Uchiyama
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Denicol GS, Koide T, Rischke DH. Dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics: a new way to derive the equations of motion from kinetic theory. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:162501. [PMID: 21230966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We rederive the equations of motion of dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics from kinetic theory. In contrast with the derivation of Israel and Stewart, which considered the second moment of the Boltzmann equation to obtain equations of motion for the dissipative currents, we directly use the latter's definition. Although the equations of motion obtained via the two approaches are formally identical, the coefficients are different. We show that, for the one-dimensional scaling expansion, our method is in better agreement with the solution obtained from the Boltzmann equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Denicol
- Institute für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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