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Benazza A, Beffara F, Auguste JL, Olivo M, Dinish US, Humbert G. Reliable and easy-to-use SERS spectroscopy probe using a tapered opto-fluidic photonic crystal fiber. Opt Express 2024; 32:3440-3450. [PMID: 38297564 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most sensitive biosensing techniques that offers label free detection for a variety of applications. Generally, SERS spectroscopy is performed on nano-functionalized planar substrates with plasmonic structures or colloidal nanoparticles. Recently, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have gained great interest for SERS based bio sensing applications due to the immense advantages such as improved sensitivity, flexibility and remote sensing capability that it offers compared to the planar substrates. However, the use of PCF based biosensors demand the alignment of it under a microscope, which can affect the reliability of SERS measurements and could be restrictive for practical end use applications. Herein, we aim to develop a tapered suspended core PCF fiber (Tapered-SuC-PCF) that represents an improvement in coupling efficiency and measurement reliability as well as it opens the way to the development of an easy-to-use bio-sensing probes with a plug and play option with conventional Raman spectrometers. We have fabricated several samples of the optimized tapered-SuC-PCF and demonstrated its superior SERS performance compared to standard SuC-PCF fibers with 2 µm core diameter. An excellent SERS measurement reliability is demonstrated using such a fiber in a plug and play type system demonstrating its versatility for practical end use applications.
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Zhang S, Wu SQY, Hum M, Perumal J, Tan EY, Lee ASG, Teng J, Dinish US, Olivo M. Complete characterization of RNA biomarker fingerprints using a multi-modal ATR-FTIR and SERS approach for label-free early breast cancer diagnosis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3599-3610. [PMID: 38264270 PMCID: PMC10804230 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide, and the current standard screening method, mammography, often requires invasive biopsy procedures for further assessment. Recent research has explored microRNAs (miRNAs) in circulating blood as potential biomarkers for early breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we employed a multi-modal spectroscopy approach, combining attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to comprehensively characterize the full-spectrum fingerprints of RNA biomarkers in the blood serum of breast cancer patients. The sensitivity of conventional FTIR and Raman spectroscopy was enhanced by ATR-FTIR and SERS through the utilization of a diamond ATR crystal and silver-coated silicon nanopillars, respectively. Moreover, a wider measurement wavelength range was achieved with the multi-modal approach than with a single spectroscopic method alone. We have shown the results on 91 clinical samples, which comprised 44 malignant and 47 benign cases. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the ATR-FTIR, SERS, and multi-modal data. From the peak analysis, we gained insights into biomolecular absorption and scattering-related features, which aid in the differentiation of malignant and benign samples. Applying 32 machine learning algorithms to the PCA results, we identified key molecular fingerprints and demonstrated that the multi-modal approach outperforms individual techniques, achieving higher average validation accuracy (95.1%), blind test accuracy (91.6%), specificity (94.7%), sensitivity (95.5%), and F-score (94.8%). The support vector machine (SVM) model showed the best area under the curve (AUC) characterization value of 0.9979, indicating excellent performance. These findings highlight the potential of the multi-modal spectroscopy approach as an accurate, reliable, and rapid method for distinguishing between malignant and benign breast tumors in women. Such a label-free approach holds promise for improving early breast cancer diagnosis and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Qing Yang Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Melissa Hum
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) 30 Hospital Boulevard Singapore 168583 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng Singapore 308433 Republic of Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ann Siew Gek Lee
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) 30 Hospital Boulevard Singapore 168583 Republic of Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme (ONCO ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore 169857 Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore 117593 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
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Dinish US, Logan S, Balasundaram G, Xinhui VT, Vinod Ram K, Ruochong Z, Renzhe B, Silvani S, Hua Cheng K, Xia X, Giap Hean G, Choolani M, Olivo M. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and imaging for non-invasive objective assessment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1085. [PMID: 38212347 PMCID: PMC10784538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The genitourinary symptom of menopause (GSM) affects up to 65% of women, resulting in symptoms such as vulvovaginal dryness, discomfort, and dysuria, which significantly impacts quality of life. The current assessment methods rely on subjective questionnaires that can be influenced by individual differences, as well as invasive measurements that are time-consuming and not easily accessible. In this study, we explore the potential of a non-invasive and objective assessment tool called diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and imaging (DRSI) to evaluate tissue chromophores, including water, lipid, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin. These measurements provide information about moisture content, lipid levels, oxygen saturation, and blood fraction, which can serve as surrogate markers for genital estrogen levels. Our findings reveal distinct differences in these chromophores among pre, peri, and postmenopausal subjects. By using lipid and blood fraction tissue chromophores in a K-Nearest Neighbour classifier model, we achieved a prediction accuracy of 65% compared to vaginal maturation index (VMI) that is clinically used to assess estrogen-related hormonal changes. When age was included as the third feature, the accuracy increased to 78%. We believe that by refining the study protocol and configuring the fiber probe to examine tissue chromophores both in the superficial vulva skin for epidermal water content and the deeper layers, DRSI has the potential to provide objective diagnosis and aid in monitoring the treatment outcome of GSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Susan Logan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keertana Vinod Ram
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhang Ruochong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bi Renzhe
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steffie Silvani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kee Hua Cheng
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Xu Xia
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Goh Giap Hean
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
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Zhang S, Jie RA, Teo MJT, Xinhui VT, Koh SS, Tan JJ, Urano D, Dinish US, Olivo M. A pilot study on non-invasive in situ detection of phytochemicals and plant endogenous status using fiber optic infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22261. [PMID: 38097653 PMCID: PMC10721643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods for assessing plant health often lack the necessary attributes for continuous and non-destructive monitoring. In this pilot study, we present a novel technique utilizing a customized fiber optic probe based on attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) with a contact force control unit for non-invasive and continuous plant health monitoring. We also developed a normalized difference mid-infrared reflectance index through statistical analysis of spectral features, enabling differentiation of drought and age conditions in plants. Our research aims to characterize phytochemicals and plant endogenous status optically, addressing the need for improved analytical measurement methods for in situ plant health assessment. The probe configuration was optimized with a triple-loop tip and a 3 N contact force, allowing sensitive measurements while minimizing leaf damage. By combining polycrystalline and chalcogenide fiber probes, a comprehensive wavenumber range analysis (4000-900 cm-1) was achieved. Results revealed significant variations in phytochemical composition among plant species, for example, red spinach with the highest polyphenolic content and green kale with the highest lignin content. Petioles displayed higher lignin and cellulose absorbance values compared to veins. The technique effectively monitored drought stress on potted green bok choy plants in situ, facilitating the quantification of changes in water content, antioxidant activity, lignin, and cellulose levels. This research represents the first demonstration of the potential of fiber optic ATR-FTIR probes for non-invasive and rapid plant health measurements, providing insights into plant health and advancements in quantitative monitoring for indoor farming practices, bioanalytical chemistry, and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Randall Ang Jie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark Ju Teng Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Javier Jingheng Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore.
| | - U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
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Dinish US, Yew YW, Vinod Ram K, Bi R, Attia ABE, Teo Xinhui V, Rajarahm P, Oon HH, Thng STG, Olivo M. Non-invasive biochemical analysis and comparison of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis skin using handheld confocal Raman spectroscopy. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202300191. [PMID: 37560963 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A handheld non-invasive confocal Raman system (CRS) was used to evaluate the differences in skin biochemicals between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, which are inflammatory skin conditions. Raman spectral measurements in the fingerprint and high wavenumber region were acquired using a portable in-house CRS system with excitation lasers operating at 671 and 785 nm. It was deduced that relative amount of water decreases in the following sequence of skin: healthy, psoriasis and AD. Moreover, differential trends were observed for the subclasses of ceramides such that ceramide 3 is lower in the lesional AD and psoriasis skin as compared to healthy, while ceramide 2 showed a contrasting trend of decrease in lesional AD and increase in lesional psoriasis as opposed to healthy skin. Amount of cholesterol was significantly higher in lesional psoriasis as compared to lesional AD and healthy skin. These differences can aid in an objective classification of the skin conditions and in the formulation of new disease-specific topical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik Weng Yew
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keertana Vinod Ram
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Biomedical Research Council (BMRC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poongkulali Rajarahm
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hazel Hweeboon Oon
- National Skin Centre and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Sreekanth KV, Perumal J, Dinish US, Prabhathan P, Liu Y, Singh R, Olivo M, Teng J. Tunable Tamm plasmon cavity as a scalable biosensing platform for surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7085. [PMID: 37925522 PMCID: PMC10625559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced Resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) is a powerful technique for enhancing Raman spectra by matching the laser excitation wavelength with the plasmonic resonance and the absorption peak of biomolecules. Here, we propose a tunable Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) cavity based on a metal on distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a scalable sensing platform for SERRS. We develop a gold film-coated ultralow-loss phase change material (Sb2S3) based DBR, which exhibits continuously tunable TPP resonances in the optical wavelengths. We demonstrate SERRS by matching the TPP resonance with the absorption peak of the chromophore molecule at 785 nm wavelength. We use this platform to detect cardiac Troponin I protein (cTnI), a biomarker for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, achieving a detection limit of 380 fM. This scalable substrate shows great promise as a next-generation tunable biosensing platform for detecting disease biomarkers in body fluids for routine real-time clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Patinharekandy Prabhathan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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Dinish US, Teng MTJ, Xinhui VT, Dev K, Tan JJ, Koh SS, Urano D, Olivo M. Miniaturized Vis-NIR handheld spectrometer for non-invasive pigment quantification in agritech applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9524. [PMID: 37308523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced precision agriculture requires the objective measurement of the structural and functional properties of plants. Biochemical profiles in leaves can differ depending on plant growing conditions. By quantitatively detecting these changes, farm production processes can be optimized to achieve high-yield, high-quality, and nutrient dense agricultural products. To enable the rapid and non-destructive detection on site, this study demonstrates the development of a new custom-designed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer that collects leaf reflectance spectra, wirelessly transfers the spectral data through Bluetooth, and provides both raw spectral data and processed information. The spectrometer has two preprogramed methods: anthocyanin and chlorophyll quantification. Anthocyanin content of red and green lettuce estimated with the new spectrometer showed an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.84 with those determined by a destructive gold standard biochemical method. The differences in chlorophyll content were measured using leaf senescence as a case study. Chlorophyll Index calculated with the handheld spectrometer gradually decreased with leaf age as chlorophyll degrades during the process of senescence. The estimated chlorophyll values were highly correlated with those obtained from a commercial fluorescence-based chlorophyll meter with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. The developed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer could be a simple, cost-effective, and easy to operate tool that can be used to non-invasively monitor plant pigment and nutrient content efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mark Teo Ju Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Javier Jingheng Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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Perumal J, Lee P, Dev K, Lim HQ, Dinish US, Olivo M. Machine Learning Assisted Real-Time Label-Free SERS Diagnoses of Malignant Pleural Effusion due to Lung Cancer. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:940. [PMID: 36354448 PMCID: PMC9688333 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More than half of all pleural effusions are due to malignancy of which lung cancer is the main cause. Pleural effusions can complicate the course of pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, or underlying systemic disease. We explore the application of label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a point of care (POC) diagnostic tool to identify if pleural effusions are due to lung cancer or to other causes (controls). Lung cancer samples showed specific SERS spectral signatures such as the position and intensity of the Raman band in different wave number region using a novel silver coated silicon nanopillar (SCSNP) as a SERS substrate. We report a classification accuracy of 85% along with a sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 83%, respectively, for the detection of lung cancer over control pleural fluid samples with a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under curve value of 0.93 using a PLS-DA binary classifier to distinguish between lung cancer over control subjects. We have also evaluated discriminative wavenumber bands responsible for the distinction between the two classes with the help of a variable importance in projection (VIP) score. We found that our label-free SERS platform was able to distinguish lung cancer from pleural effusions due to other causes (controls) with higher diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Perumal
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Pyng Lee
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Hann Qian Lim
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - U. S. Dinish
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
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Zhang R, Koh SS, Teo MJT, Bi R, Zhang S, Dev K, Urano D, Dinish US, Olivo M. Handheld Multifunctional Fluorescence Imager for Non-invasive Plant Phenotyping. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:822634. [PMID: 35463443 PMCID: PMC9024405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has shown great potential in non-invasive plant monitoring and analysis. However, current systems have several limitations, such as bulky size, high cost, contact measurement, and lack of multifunctionality, which may hinder its applications in a wide range of settings including indoor vertical farming. Herein, we developed a compact handheld fluorescence imager enabling multipurpose plant phenotyping, such as continuous photosynthetic activity monitoring and non-destructive anthocyanin quantification. The compact imager comprises of pulse-amplitude-modulated multi-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), optimized light illumination and collection, dedicated driver circuit board, miniaturized charge-coupled device camera, and associated image analytics. Experiments conducted in drought stressed lettuce proved that the novel imager could quantitatively evaluate the plant stress by the non-invasive measurement of photosynthetic activity efficiency. Moreover, a non-invasive and fast quantification of anthocyanins in green and red Batavia lettuce leaves had excellent correlation (>84%) with conventional destructive biochemical analysis. Preliminary experimental results emphasize the high throughput monitoring capability and multifunctionality of our novel handheld fluorescence imager, indicating its tremendous potential in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Zhang
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Ju Teng Teo
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - U. S. Dinish
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Translational Biophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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Perumal J, Lim HQ, Attia ABE, Raziq R, Leavesley DI, Upton Z, Dinish US, Olivo M. Novel Cellulose Fibre-Based Flexible Plasmonic Membrane for Point-of-Care SERS Biomarker Detection in Chronic Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5869-5878. [PMID: 34483659 PMCID: PMC8408532 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wound management is stretching the limits of health systems globally, challenging clinicians to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatments and deliver appropriate care to their patients. Visual inspection and manual measurement of wound size are subjective, often inaccurate and inconsistent. Growth factors, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases, play important roles in cutaneous wound healing. However, little is known about the point-of-care monitoring of the changes in such markers during the healing process. Here, we explore the capability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a viable point-of-care platform to monitor the changes of these surrogate indicators of healing status in chronic wounds. Methods We developed a biofunctionalized flexible, cost-effective, scalable and easy-to-fabricate plasmonic SERS substrate using cellulose fibre (CF), which is used for sensing of wound markers based on a modified immunoassay method. Results We evaluated and selected the reliable silver nano-island thickness that will be sputtered onto the CF-based substrate for the highest SERS enhancement. Using this biofunctionalized SERS substrate, we detected varying concentrations of MMP-9 (10–5000 ng/mL) and TNF-α (5–100 ng/mL) proteins to model the wound exudates. This SERS detection method demonstrates a linear response within biologically relevant concentrations, ranging from 10 to 500 ng/mL for MMP-9 and 5 to 25 ng/mL for TNF-α for these surrogate indicators. Conclusion Our SERS sensing platform achieved detection limits in the µM to sub-nM range and displayed high sensitivity and selectivity. This could result in a cheap, point-of-care device that provides a non-invasive measure of cutaneous wound healing in real time. We envision that these flexible substrates after activation may be incorporated into wound dressings in future for routine monitoring of wound healing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Perumal
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Hann Qian Lim
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Riazul Raziq
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - David Ian Leavesley
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Zee Upton
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
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Park S, Saw SN, Li X, Paknezhad M, Coppola D, Dinish US, Ebrahim Attia AB, Yew YW, Guan Thng ST, Lee HK, Olivo M. Model learning analysis of 3D optoacoustic mesoscopy images for the classification of atopic dermatitis. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:3671-3683. [PMID: 34221687 PMCID: PMC8221944 DOI: 10.1364/boe.415105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin inflammatory disease affecting 10% of the population worldwide. Raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) has recently shown promise in dermatological imaging. We conducted a comprehensive analysis using three machine-learning models, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying healthy versus AD conditions, and sub-classifying different AD severities using RSOM images and clinical information. CNN model successfully differentiates healthy from AD patients with 97% accuracy. With limited data, RF achieved 65% accuracy in sub-classifying AD patients into mild versus moderate-severe cases. Identification of disease severities is vital in managing AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Park
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
- Co-first authors
| | - Shier Nee Saw
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
- Current address: Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
- Co-first authors
| | - Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
- Co-first authors
| | - Mahsa Paknezhad
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
| | - Davide Coppola
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | | | - Yik Weng Yew
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay, 308205, Singapore
| | | | - Hwee Kuan Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, ASTAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore, 117417, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Image and Pervasive Access Laboratory (IPAL), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis (South Tower), 138632, Singapore
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road #14-03, Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
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Perumal J, Wang Y, Attia ABE, Dinish US, Olivo M. Towards a point-of-care SERS sensor for biomedical and agri-food analysis applications: a review of recent advancements. Nanoscale 2021; 13:553-580. [PMID: 33404579 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for reliable and robust methodology in bio-chemical sensing calls for the continuous advancement of sensor technologies. Over the last two decades, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the most promising analytical techniques for sensitive and trace analysis or detection in biomedical and agri-food applications. SERS overcomes the inherent sensitivity limitation associated with Raman spectroscopy, which provides vibrational "fingerprint" spectra of molecules that makes it unique and versatile among other spectroscopy techniques. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent advancements of SERS for biomedical, food and agricultural applications over the last 6 years, and we envision that, in the near future, some of these platforms have the potential to be translated as a point-of-care and rapid sensor for real-life end-user applications. The merits and limitations of various SERS sensor designs are analysed and discussed based on critical features such as sensitivity, specificity, usability, repeatability and reproducibility. We conclude by highlighting the opportunities and challenges in the field while stressing the technological gaps to be addressed in realizing commercially viable point-of-care SERS sensors for practical biomedical and agri-food technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Perumal
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Yusong Wang
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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Beffara F, Humbert G, Auguste JL, Perumal J, Dinish US, Olivo M. Optimization and performance analysis of SERS-active suspended core photonic crystal fibers. Opt Express 2020; 28:23609-23619. [PMID: 32752354 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active photonic crystal fiber (PCFs) probes have gained great interest for biosensing applications due to the tremendous advantages it has over the conventional planar substrate based SERS measurements, with improvements on the detection sensitivity and reliability in measurements. So far, two main approaches were employed to get the analyte molecule in the vicinity of nanoparticles (NPs) inside PCFs in order to achieve the SERS effect. In the first case, analyte and NPs are pre-mixed and injected inside the holes of the PCF prior to the measurement. In the second approach, controlled anchoring of the NPs inside the inner walls of the PCF was achieved prior to the incorporation of the analyte. Although many studies have been conducted using one configuration or the other, no clear trend is emerging on which one would be the best suited for optimizing the biosensing properties offered by SERS active-PCF. In this paper, we investigate the performances of both configurations along with their interplays with the core size of the PCF probe. We have fabricated several samples of a standard PCF design with different core sizes, and SERS measurements of a standard Raman-active molecule are realized in the same conditions for enabling direct comparisons of the SERS intensity and measurement reliabilities between each configuration, yielding clear directions on the optimization of the SERS-active PCF probe. We envision that this study will pave the way for next-generation clinical biosensors for body fluid analysis, as it exhibits high sensitivity and excellent reliability.
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Beffara F, Perumal J, Puteri Mahyuddin A, Choolani M, Khan SA, Auguste JL, Vedraine S, Humbert G, Dinish US, Olivo M. Development of highly reliable SERS-active photonic crystal fiber probe and its application in the detection of ovarian cancer biomarker in cyst fluid. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e201960120. [PMID: 31814313 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is realized by adsorbing analytes onto nano-roughened planar substrate coated with noble metals (silver or gold) or their colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoscale irregularities in such substrates/NPs could lead to SERS sensors with poor reproducibility and repeatability. Herein, we demonstrate a suspended core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based SERS sensor with extremely high reproducibility and repeatability in measurement with a relative SD of only 1.5% and 4.6%, respectively, which makes it more reliable than any existing SERS sensor platforms. In addition, our platform could improve the detection sensitivity owing to the increased interaction area between the guided light and the analyte, which is incorporated into the holes that runs along the length of the PCF. Numerical calculation established the significance of the interplay between light coupling efficiency and evanescent field distribution, which could eventually determine the sensitivity and reliability of the developed SERS active-PCF sensor. As a proof of concept, using this sensor, we demonstrated the detection of haptoglobin, a biomarker for ovarian cancer, contained within the ovarian cyst fluid, which facilitated in differentiating the stages of cancer. We envision that with necessary refinements, this platform could potentially be translated as a next-generation highly sensitive SERS-active opto-fluidic biopsy needle for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Beffara
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aniza Puteri Mahyuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saif A Khan
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Louis Auguste
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Sylvain Vedraine
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Georges Humbert
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - U S Dinish
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Ho CJH, Yew YW, Dinish US, Kuan AHY, Wong MKW, Bi R, Dev K, Li X, Singh G, Moothanchery M, Perumal J, Thng STG, Olivo M. Handheld confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) for objective assessment of skin barrier function and stratification of severity in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:20-25. [PMID: 32063461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed the first-of-its-kind handheld confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) system to quantify the concentration of natural moisturizing factors in the skin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of our handheld CRS system and propose a novel quantitative index to measure skin barrier function. METHODS This prospective study included 30 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and 14 healthy volunteers. All AD participants were assessed using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) severity instrument, a vapometer for trans-epidermal water loss and a moisture meter for skin surface moisture. A handheld CRS operating at 785 nm laser was used to measure the biochemical constituents of the skin up to a depth of ∼100 μm. We trained a linear kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) model for eczema classification based on the water, ceramide and urocanic acid content. A novel Eczema Biochemical Index (EBI) was then formulated using the skin constituents measured from the AD participants to stage disease severity. RESULTS The SVM model used to classify healthy participants and AD patients obtained high cross-validated area under the curve of 0.857 and accuracy of 0.841, with high sensitivity and specificity values of 0.857 and 0.833 respectively. EBI can be used to stratify AD patients of varying severity, based on the biochemical constituents in the skin. CONCLUSION As compared to the standard CRS system, the handheld CRS offers higher portability and provides Raman measurements at various body regions with similar sensitivity. This suggests that a handheld CRS device could be a valuable point-of-care resource in both research and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Kai Weng Wong
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mohesh Moothanchery
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Dinish US, Beffara F, Humbert G, Auguste JL, Olivo M. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active photonic crystal fiber probe: Towards next generation liquid biopsy sensor with ultra high sensitivity. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201900027. [PMID: 30891937 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous enhancement factors that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) possesses coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. Thanks to the unique structure of PCFs, which allows direct incorporation of an analyte into the axially aligned air channels, interaction between the analyte and excitation light could be increased many folds leading to flexible, reliable and sensitive probes that can be used in preclinical or clinical biosensing. SERS-active PCF probes provide unique opportunity to develop an opto-fluidic liquid biopsy needle sensor that enables one-step integrated sample collection and testing for disease diagnosis. Specificity being a key parameter to biosensors, the PCF inside the biopsy needle could be functionalized with targeting moieties to detect specific biomarkers. In this review article, we present some of the most promising recent biosensors based on PCFs including hollow-core PCFs, suspended-core PCFs and side-channel PCFs. We provide a wide range of applications of such platform using Raman spectroscopy, label free SERS or labeled SERS detection and analyze some of the main challenges to be addressed for translating it to a clinically viable next generation sensitive biopsy needle sensing probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Flavien Beffara
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Georges Humbert
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Louis Auguste
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Malini Olivo
- Lab of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Li X, Dinish US, Aguirre J, Bi R, Dev K, Attia ABE, Nitkunanantharajah S, Lim QH, Schwarz M, Yew YW, Thng STG, Ntziachristos V, Olivo M. Optoacoustic mesoscopy analysis and quantitative estimation of specific imaging metrics in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II to V. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800442. [PMID: 31012286 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Raster Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy (RSOM) is a novel optoacoustic imaging modality that offers non-invasive, label-free, high resolution (~7 μm axial, ~30 μm lateral) imaging up to 1 to 2 mm below the skin, providing novel quantitative insights into skin pathophysiology. As the RSOM image contrast mechanism is based on light absorption, it is expected that the amount of melanin present in the skin will affect RSOM images. However, the effect of skin tone in the performance of RSOM has not been addressed so far. Herein, we present the efficiency of RSOM for in vivo skin imaging of human subjects with Fitzpatrick (FP) skin types between II to V. RSOM images acquired from the volar forearms of the subjects were used to derive metrics used in RSOM studies, such as total blood volume, vessel diameter and melanin signal intensity. Our study shows that the melanin signal intensity derived from the RSOM images exhibited an excellent correlation with that obtained from a clinical colorimeter for the subjects of varying FP skin types. We could successfully estimate the vessel diameter at different depths of the dermis. Furthermore, our study shows that there is a need to compensate for total blood volume calculated for subjects with higher FP skin types due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio in dermis, owing to strong absorption of light by melanin. This study sheds light into how RSOM can be used for studying various skin conditions in populations with different skin phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Qian Han Lim
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Yew YW, Dinish US, Choi ECE, Bi R, Ho CJH, Dev K, Li X, Attia ABE, Wong MKW, Balasundaram G, Ntziachristos V, Olivo M, Thng STG. Investigation of morphological, vascular and biochemical changes in the skin of an atopic dermatitis (AD) patient in response to dupilumab using raster scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) and handheld confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). J Dermatol Sci 2019; 95:123-125. [PMID: 31558224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Melvin Kai Weng Wong
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Technische Universität München, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Germany
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
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Bi R, Dinish US, Goh CC, Imai T, Moothanchery M, Li X, Kim JY, Jeon S, Pu Y, Kim C, Ng LG, Wang LV, Olivo M. In vivo label-free functional photoacoustic monitoring of ischemic reperfusion. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800454. [PMID: 30865386 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcer formation is a common problem among patients confined to bed or restricted to wheelchairs. The ulcer forms when the affected skin and underlying tissues go through repeated cycles of ischemia and reperfusion, leading to inflammation. This theory is evident by intravital imaging studies performed in immune cell-specific, fluorescent reporter mouse skin with induced ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injuries. However, traditional confocal or multiphoton microscopy cannot accurately monitor the progression of vascular reperfusion by contrast agents, which leaks into the interstitium under inflammatory conditions. Here, we develop a dual-wavelength micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) scanning-based optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system for continuous label-free functional imaging of vascular reperfusion in an IR mouse model. This MEMS-OR-PAM system provides fast scanning speed for concurrent dual-wavelength imaging, which enables continuous monitoring of the reperfusion process. During reperfusion, the revascularization of blood vessels and the oxygen saturation (sO2 ) changes in both arteries and veins are recorded, from which the local oxygen extraction ratios of the ischemic tissue and the unaffected tissue can be quantified. Our MEMS-OR-PAM system provides novel perspectives to understand the I-R injuries. It solves the problem of dynamic label-free functional monitoring of the vascular reperfusion at high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhe Bi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | | | - Toru Imai
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | | | - Xiuting Li
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwan Jeon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Pu
- MicroPhotoAcoustics Inc., Ronkonkoma, New York
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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Perumal J, Mahyuddin AP, Balasundaram G, Goh D, Fu CY, Kazakeviciute A, Dinish US, Choolani M, Olivo M. SERS-based detection of haptoglobin in ovarian cyst fluid as a point-of-care diagnostic assay for epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1115-1124. [PMID: 30774440 PMCID: PMC6362937 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate haptoglobin (Hp) in ovarian cyst fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based in vitro diagnostic assay for use in an intraoperative setting. Methods SERS-based method was used to detect and quantify Hp in archived ovarian cyst fluids collected from suspicious ovarian cysts and differentiate benign tumors from EOCs. The diagnostic performance of SERS-based assay was verified against the histopathology conclusions and compared with the results of CA125 test and frozen sections. Results Hp concentration present in the clinical cyst fluid measured by SERS was normalized to 3.3 mg/mL of standard Hp. Normalized mean values for patients with benign cysts were 0.65 (n=57) and malignant cysts were 1.85 (n=54), demonstrating a significantly (P<0.01) higher Hp in malignant samples. Verified against histology, Hp measurements using SERS had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of SERS-based Hp measurements resulted in area under the curve of 0.966±0.03, establishing the robustness of the method. CA125 test on the same set of patients had a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%, while frozen section analysis on 65 samples had 100% sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion With a total execution time of <10 minutes and consistent performance across different stages of cancer, the SERS-based Hp detection assay can serve as a promising intra-operative EOC diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Perumal
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
| | - Aniza Puteri Mahyuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
| | - Douglas Goh
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
| | - Chit Yaw Fu
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
| | - Agne Kazakeviciute
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, .,Department of Mathematics, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore,
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21
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Dev K, Dinish US, Chakraborty S, Bi R, Andersson-Engels S, Sugii S, Olivo M. Quantitative in vivo detection of adipose tissue browning using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in near-infrared II window. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201800135. [PMID: 29978566 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) biologically function in an opposite way in energy metabolism. BAT induces energy consumption by heat production while WAT mainly stores energy in the form of triglycerides. Recent progress in the conversion of WAT cells to "beige" or "brown-like" adipocytes in animals, having functional similarity to BAT, spurred a great interest in developing the next-generation therapeutics in the field of metabolic disorders. Though magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography could detect classical BAT and WAT in animals and humans, it is of a great challenge in detecting the "browning" process in vivo. Here, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we present a simple, cost-effective, label-free fiber optic-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurement in the near infrared II window (~1050-1400 nm) for the quantitative detection of browning in a mouse model in vivo. We could successfully quantify the browning of WAT in a mouse model by estimating the lipid fraction, which serves as an endogenous marker. Lipid fraction exhibited a gradual decrease from WAT to BAT with beige exhibiting an intermediate value. in vivo browning process was also confirmed with standard molecular and biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Smarajit Chakraborty
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Irish Photonic Integration Centre (IPIC), Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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22
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Perumal J, Dinish US, Bendt AK, Kazakeviciute A, Fu CY, Ong ILH, Olivo M. Identification of mycolic acid forms using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a fast detection method for tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6029-6038. [PMID: 30323590 PMCID: PMC6177374 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s171400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent, based on the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report in 2017. TB causes massive health care burdens in many parts of the world, specifically in the resource constrained developing world. Most deaths from TB could be prevented with cost effective early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Purpose Conventional TB detection methods are either too slow as it takes a few weeks for diagnosis or they lack the specificity and accuracy. Thus the objective of this study was to develop a fast and efficient detection for TB using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Methods SERS spectra for different forms of mycolic acids (MAs) that are both synthetic origin and actual extracts from the mycobacteria species were obtained by label-free direct detection mode. Similarly, we collected SERS spectra for γ-irradiated whole bacteria (WB). Measurements were done using silver (Ag) coated silicon nanopillar (Ag SNP) as SERS substrate. Results We report the SERS based detection of MA, which is a biomarker for mycobacteria species including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For the first time, we also establish the SERS spectral characterization of the three major forms of MA - αMA, methoxy-MA, and keto-MA, in bacterial extracts and also in γ-irradiated WB. We validated our findings by mass spectrometry. SERS detection of these three forms of MA could be useful in differentiating pathogenic and nonpathogenic Mycobacterium spp. Conclusions We have demonstrated the direct detection of three major forms of MA - αMA, methoxy-MA, and keto-MA, in two different types of MA extracts from MTB bacteria, namely delipidated MA and undelipidated MA and finally in γ-irradiated WB. In the near future, this study could pave the way for a fast and efficient detection method for TB, which is of high clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Perumal
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, ;
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, ;
| | - Anne K Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agne Kazakeviciute
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, ; .,Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chit Yaw Fu
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, ;
| | | | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, ;
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23
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Singh G, Bi R, Dinish US, Olivo M. Generating Localized Plasmonic Fields on an Integrated Photonic Platform using Tapered Couplers for Biosensing Applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15587. [PMID: 29138434 PMCID: PMC5686176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical design and analysis of a tapered-coupler structure on a silicon nitride integrated-photonic platform for coupling optical energy from a dielectric waveguide to a plasmonic tip is presented. The proposed design can be considered as a hybrid photonic-plasmonic structure that generally supports hybrid symmetric and asymmetric modes. Along the taper, one of the hybrid modes approaches the cut-off, while the other approaches the short-range surface plasmon mode that generates localized fields. Potential use of the proposed novel tapered-coupler plasmonic structure for highly sensitive biosensing applications using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) techniques is discussed. For SERS, a theoretical electromagnetic enhancement factor as high as 1.23 × 106 is deduced for taper tip widths as small as 20 nm. The proposed tapered-coupler sets up interesting possibilities towards moving to an all-integrated on-chip SERS and MEF based bio-sensor platform - away from traditional free-space based illumination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Dinish US, Wong CL, Sriram S, Ong WK, Balasundaram G, Sugii S, Olivo M. Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging to Detect and Quantify Adipose Tissue Browning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41357. [PMID: 28145475 PMCID: PMC5286412 DOI: 10.1038/srep41357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose (fat) tissue is a complex metabolic organ that is highly active and essential. In contrast to white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) is deemed metabolically beneficial because of its ability to burn calories through heat production. The conversion of WAT-resident adipocytes to “beige” or “brown-like” adipocytes has recently attracted attention. However, it typically takes a few days to analyze and confirm this browning of WAT through conventional molecular, biochemical, or histological methods. Moreover, accurate quantification of the overall browning process is not possible by any of these methods. In this context, we report the novel application of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multispectral imaging (MSI) to detect and quantify the browning process in mice. We successfully demonstrated the time-dependent increase in browning of WAT, following its induction through β-adrenergic agonist injections. The results from these optical techniques were confirmed with those of standard molecular and biochemical assays, which measure gene and protein expression levels of UCP1 and PGC-1α, as well as with histological examinations. We envision that the reported optical methods can be developed into a fast, real time, cost effective and easy to implement imaging approach for quantification of the browning process in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Bio Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Bio Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Bio Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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25
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Balasundaram G, Ho CJH, Li K, Driessen W, Dinish US, Wong CL, Ntziachristos V, Liu B, Olivo M. Molecular photoacoustic imaging of breast cancer using an actively targeted conjugated polymer. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:387-97. [PMID: 25609951 PMCID: PMC4294657 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are upcoming optical contrast agents in view of their unique optical properties and versatile synthetic chemistry. Biofunctionalization of these polymer-based nanoparticles enables molecular imaging of biological processes. In this work, we propose the concept of using a biofunctionalized CP for noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging of breast cancer. In particular, after verifying the PA activity of a CP nanoparticle (CP dots) in phantoms and the targeting efficacy of a folate-functionalized version of the same (folate-CP dots) in vitro, we systemically administered the probe into a folate receptor-positive (FR+ve) MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft model to demonstrate the possible application of folate-CP dots for imaging FR+ve breast cancers in comparison to CP dots with no folate moieties. We observed a strong PA signal at the tumor site of folate-CP dots-administered mice as early as 1 hour after administration as a result of the active targeting of the folate-CP dots to the FR+ve tumor cells but a weak PA signal at the tumor site of CP-dots-administered mice as a result of the passive accumulation of the probe by enhanced permeability and retention effect. We also observed that folate-CP dots produced ~4-fold enhancement in the PA signal in the tumor, when compared to CP dots. These observations demonstrate the great potential of this active-targeting CP to be used as a contrast agent for molecular PA diagnostic imaging in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U S Dinish
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore ; School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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26
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Dinish US, Balasundaram G, Chang YT, Olivo M. Sensitive multiplex detection of serological liver cancer biomarkers using SERS-active photonic crystal fiber probe. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:956-965. [PMID: 23963680 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy possesses the most promising advantage of multiplex detection for biosensing applications, which is achieved due to the narrow 'fingerprint' Raman spectra from the analyte molecules. We developed an ultrasensitive platform for the multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers by combining the SERS technique with a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF). Axially aligned air channels inside the HCPCF provide an excellent platform for optical sensing using SERS. In addition to the flexibility of optical fibers, HCPCF provides better light confinement and a larger interaction length for the guided light and the analyte, resulting in an improvement in sensitivity to detect low concentrations of bioanalytes in extremely low sample volumes. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the sensitive multiplex detection of biomarkers immobilized inside the HCPCF using antibody-conjugated SERS-active nanoparticles (SERS nanotags). As a proof-of-concept for targeted multiplex detection, initially we carried out the sensing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biomarker in oral squamous carcinoma cell lysate using three different SERS nanotags. Subsequently, we also achieved simultaneous detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers-alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) secreted in the supernatant from Hep3b cancer cell line. Using a SERS-HCPCF sensing platform, we could successfully demonstrate the multiplex detection in an extremely low sample volume of ∼20 nL. In future, this study may lead to sensitive biosensing platform for the low concentration detection of biomarkers in an extremely low sample volume of body fluids to achieve early diagnosis of multiple diseases. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore. ,
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27
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Wong CL, Dinish US, Schmidt MS, Olivo M. Non-labeling multiplex surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Anal Chim Acta 2014; 844:54-60. [PMID: 25172816 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report multiplex SERS based VOCs detection with a leaning nano-pillar substrate. The VOCs analyte molecules adsorbed at the tips of the nano-pillars produced SERS signal due to the field enhancement occurring at the localized surface plasmon hot spots between adjacent leaning nano-pillars. In this experiment, detections of acetone and ethanol vapor at different concentrations were demonstrated. The detection limits were found to be 0.0017 ng and 0.0037 ng for ethanol and acetone vapor molecules respectively. Our approach is a non-labeling method such that it does not require the incorporation of any chemical sensing layer for the enrichment of gas molecules on sensor surface. The leaning nano-pillar substrate also showed highly reproducible SERS signal in cyclic VOCs detection, which can reduce the detection cost in practical applications. Further, multiplex SERS detection on different combination of acetone and ethanol vapor was also successfully demonstrated. The vibrational fingerprints of molecular structures provide specific Raman peaks for different VOCs contents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex VOCs detection using SERS. We believe that this work may lead to a portable device for multiplex, specific and highly sensitive detection of complex VOCs samples that can find potential applications in exhaled breath analysis, hazardous gas analysis, homeland security and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Lok Wong
- Bio-optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Helios #01-02, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Bio-optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Helios #01-02, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio-optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Helios #01-02, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore; School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, County Galway, Ireland.
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28
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Ho CJH, Balasundaram G, Driessen W, McLaren R, Wong CL, Dinish US, Attia ABE, Ntziachristos V, Olivo M. Multifunctional photosensitizer-based contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5342. [PMID: 24938638 PMCID: PMC4061552 DOI: 10.1038/srep05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a novel hybrid imaging modality combining the high spatial resolution of optical imaging with the high penetration depth of ultrasound imaging. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the efficacy of various photosensitizers that are widely used as photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents as photoacoustic contrast agents. Photoacoustic imaging of photosensitizers exhibits advantages over fluorescence imaging, which is prone to photobleaching and autofluorescence interference. In this work, we examined the photoacoustic activity of 5 photosensitizers: zinc phthalocyanine, protoporphyrin IX, 2,4-bis [4-(N,N-dibenzylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine, chlorin e6 and methylene blue in phantoms, among which zinc phthalocyanine showed the highest photoacoustic activity. Subsequently, we evaluated its tumor localization efficiency and biodistribution at multiple time points in a murine model using photoacoustic imaging. We observed that the probe localized at the tumor within 10 minutes post injection, reaching peak accumulation around 1 hour and was cleared within 24 hours, thus, demonstrating the potential of photosensitizers as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents in vivo. This means that the known advantages of photosensitizers such as preferential tumor uptake and PDT efficacy can be combined with photoacoustic imaging capabilities to achieve longitudinal monitoring of cancer progression and therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- iThera Medical, GmbH, Germany
| | - Ross McLaren
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - U. S. Dinish
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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29
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Dinish US, Balasundaram G, Chang YT, Olivo M. Actively targeted in vivo multiplex detection of intrinsic cancer biomarkers using biocompatible SERS nanotags. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4075. [PMID: 24518045 PMCID: PMC3921631 DOI: 10.1038/srep04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is becoming highly popular for multiplex biosensing due to the ‘fingerprint’ Raman spectra from every molecule. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the actively targeted multiplex in vitro and in vivo detection of three intrinsic cancer biomarkers - EGFR, CD44 and TGFβRII in a breast cancer model using three multiplexing capable, biocompatible SERS nanoparticles/nanotags. Intra-tumorally injected antibody conjugated nanotags specifically targeting the three biomarkers exhibited maximum signal at 6 hours and no detectable signal at 72 hours. However, nanotags without antibodies showed no detectable signal after 6 hours. This difference could be due to the specific binding of the bioconjugated nanotags to the receptors on the cell surface. Thus, this study establishes SERS nanotags as an ultrasensitive nanoprobe for the multiplex detection of biomarkers and opens up its potential application in monitoring tumor progression and therapy and development into a theranostic probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- 1] Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667 [2]
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- 1] Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667 [2]
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- 1] Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667 [2] Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- 1] Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667 [2] School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Perumal J, Kong KV, Dinish US, Bakker RM, Olivo M. Design and fabrication of random silver films as substrate for SERS based nano-stress sensing of proteins. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kong KV, Dinish US, Lau WKO, Olivo M. Sensitive SERS-pH sensing in biological media using metal carbonyl functionalized planar substrates. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:135-40. [PMID: 24269755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nanoparticle based Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique for pH sensing often fails due to the aggregation of particles when detecting in acidic medium or biosamples having high ionic strength. Here, We develop SERS based pH sensing using a novel Raman reporter, arene chromium tricarbonyl linked aminothiophenol (Cr(CO)3-ATP), functionalized onto a nano-roughened planar substrates coated with gold. Unlike the SERS spectrum of the ATP molecule that dominates in the 400-1700 cm(-1) region, which is highly interfered by bio-molecules signals, metal carbonyl-ATP (Cr(CO)3)-ATP) offers the advantage of monitoring the pH dependent strong CO stretching vibrations in the mid-IR (1800-2200 cm(-1)) range. Raman signal of the CO stretching vibrations at ~1820 cm(-1) has strong dependency on the pH value of the environment, where its peak undergo noticeable shift as the pH of the medium is varied from 3.0 to 9.0. The sensor showed better sensitivity in the acidic range of the pH. We also demonstrate the pH sensing in a urine sample, which has high ionic strength and our data closely correlate to the value obtained from conventional sensor. In future, this study may lead to a sensitive chip based pH sensing platform in bio-fluids for the early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Voon Kong
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Weber Kam On Lau
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Gong T, Olivo M, Dinish US, Goh D, Kong KV, Yong KT. Engineering bioconjugated gold nanospheres and gold nanorods as label-free plasmon scattering probes for ultrasensitive multiplex dark-field imaging of cancer cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2013; 9:985-91. [PMID: 23858962 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2013.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed the use of gold nanoparticles as plasmon scattering probes for dark-field multiplex imaging of live cancer cells. By carefully engineering the surfaces, aqueous dispersions of anti-EGFR antibody-conjugated gold nanospheres and gold nanorods are prepared. We demonstrated the receptor-mediated delivery of antibody conjugated gold nanospheres and gold nanorods into EGFR receptor-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line by using darkfield microscopy technique. Our result suggests that gold nanospheres and gold nanorods formulations could provide up to 7 types of plasmon scattering probes based on their tunability range with a 100 nm spectral separation in absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxun Gong
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A *STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
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33
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Abstract
We report an observation of a peculiar effect in which the vibrational frequencies of antibody-conjugated SERS-active reporter molecules are shifted in quantitative correlation with the concentration of the targeted antigen. We attribute the frequency shifts to mechanical perturbations in the antibody-reporter complex, as a result of antibody-antigen interaction forces. Our observation thus demonstrates the potentiality of an antibody-conjugated SERS-active reporter complex as a SERS-active nanomechanical sensor for biodetection. Remarkably, our sensing scheme, despite employing only one antibody, was found to be able to achieve detection sensitivity comparable to that of a conventional sandwich immunoassay. Additionally, we have carried out a proof-of-concept study into using multiple "stress-sensitive" SERS reporters for multiplexed detection of antigen-antibody bindings at the subdiffraction limit. The current work could therefore pave the way to realizing a label-free high-density protein nanoarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiang Wei Kho
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, UK
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Kho KW, Fu CY, Dinish US, Olivo M. Clinical SERS: are we there yet? J Biophotonics 2011; 4:667-684. [PMID: 21922673 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy or SERS has witnessed many successes over the past 3 decades, owing particularly to its simplicity of use as well as its highly-multiplexing capability. This article provides an overview of SERS and its applicability in the field of bio-medicine. We will preview recent developments in SERS substrate designs, and the various sensing technologies that are based on the SERS phenomenon. An overview of the clinical applications of SERS is also included. Finally, we provide an opinion on the future trends of this unique spectroscopic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiang Wei Kho
- Bio-photonics Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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Samanta A, Maiti KK, Soh KS, Liao X, Vendrell M, Dinish US, Yun SW, Bhuvaneswari R, Kim H, Rautela S, Chung J, Olivo M, Chang YT. Ultrasensitive Near-Infrared Raman Reporters for SERS-Based In Vivo Cancer Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6089-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Samanta A, Maiti KK, Soh KS, Liao X, Vendrell M, Dinish US, Yun SW, Bhuvaneswari R, Kim H, Rautela S, Chung J, Olivo M, Chang YT. Ultrasensitive Near-Infrared Raman Reporters for SERS-Based In Vivo Cancer Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Cho SJ, Ahn YH, Maiti KK, Dinish US, Fu CY, Thoniyot P, Olivo M, Chang YT. Combinatorial synthesis of a triphenylmethine library and their application in the development of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:722-4. [PMID: 20087499 DOI: 10.1039/b921550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of a triphenylmethine (TM) library of compounds and screening of their Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) capability was carried out to identify novel Raman reporters with high sensitivity. We identified three novel SERS reporters (B2, B7, and C7) with higher signal intensity than that of commonly used crystal violet (CV). These reporters may find potential applications in developing sensitive SERS based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ju Cho
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667
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Dinish US, Fu CY, Chao ZX, Seah LK, Murukeshan VM, Ng BK. Subnanosecond-resolution phase-resolved fluorescence imaging technique for biomedical applications. Appl Opt 2006; 45:5020-6. [PMID: 16807613 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.005020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of fluorescence emissions from cells often leads to conclusive results in the early detection of cellular abnormalities. Cellular abnormalities can be characterized by their difference in the fluorescence lifetime, which may be less than nanoseconds. A sensitive frequency domain technique, also called a phase-resolved fluorescence imaging technique, is proposed in which fluorescence emissions at the same wavelengths can more effectively be separated with subnanosecond resolution in their lifetime difference. The system configuration is optimized by incorporating even-step phase shifting in the homodyne-assisted signal-processing concept along with the phase-resolved fluorescence technique to eliminate the dc offsets of emission. Experiments are carried out with simulated samples composed of two fluorescence emissions of the same wavelength but with different lifetime values. Suppression of either of the fluorescence emissions by selective imaging of the other validates the superiority of the proposed technique. Hence, this technique can potentially be applied in the early detection of cellular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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Seah LK, Dinish US, Phang WF, Chao ZX, Murukeshan VM. Fluorescence optimisation and lifetime studies of fingerprints treated with magnetic powders. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 152:249-57. [PMID: 15978352 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence study plays a significant role in fingerprint detection when conventional chemical enhancement methods fail. The basic properties of fluorescence emission such as colour, intensity and lifetime could be well exploited in the detection of latent fingerprints under steady state and in dynamic methods. This paper describes a systematic study of fluorescence emission intensity from fingerprint samples treated with different magnetic powders. Understanding of suitable excitation wavelength required for getting maximum fluorescence emission intensity could be beneficial when selecting the appropriate fluorescent powders for the fingerprint detection. Lifetime study of fingerprints treated with various magnetic powders was also carried out. The importance of lifetime study is well explained through the time-resolved (TR) imaging of fingerprints with nanosecond resolution. Results from the TR imaging study revealed an improvement in the fingerprint image contrast. This is significant when the print is deposited on fluorescing background and its emission wavelength is close to that of treated fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Seah
- School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, School of MPE, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Dinish US, Chao ZX, Seah LK, Singh A, Murukeshan VM. Formulation and implementation of a phase-resolved fluorescence technique for latent-fingerprint imaging: theoretical and experimental analysis. Appl Opt 2005; 44:297-304. [PMID: 15717818 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical and experimental study of the imaging of latent fingerprints by a phase-resolved fluorescence technique along with associated signal-processing analysis is described. The system configuration is optimized by incorporation of a novel approach of homodyne-assisted even-step phase shifting in a signal-processing concept. The excitation laser source and gain of the detection device, which are modulated at megahertz frequency followed by sensitive signal-processing concepts, are employed to separate the fingerprint fluorescence from background fluorescence. Experiments are carried out with fingerprints deposited upon different types of substrate surfaces. Later, a quantitative image-quality assessment is carried out, which confirms the improvement in the quality of the phase-resolved fingerprint image. Imaging of older fingerprints with better contrast is also carried out with the proposed novel technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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