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Butler J, Hamo CE, Udelson JE, O'Connor C, Sabbah HN, Metra M, Shah SJ, Kitzman DW, Teerlink JR, Bernstein HS, Brooks G, Depre C, DeSouza MM, Dinh W, Donovan M, Frische-Danielson R, Frost RJ, Garza D, Gohring UM, Hellawell J, Hsia J, Ishihara S, Kay-Mugford P, Koglin J, Kozinn M, Larson CJ, Mayo M, Gan LM, Mugnier P, Mushonga S, Roessig L, Russo C, Salsali A, Satler C, Shi V, Ticho B, van der Laan M, Yancy C, Stockbridge N, Gheorghiade M. Reassessing Phase II Heart Failure Clinical Trials: Consensus Recommendations. Circ Heart Fail 2017;10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003800. [PMID: 28356300 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Javed Butler From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.).
Carine E Hamo From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
James E Udelson From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Christopher O'Connor From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Hani N Sabbah From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Marco Metra From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Sanjiv J Shah From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Dalane W Kitzman From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
John R Teerlink From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Harold S Bernstein From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Gabriel Brooks From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Christophe Depre From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Mary M DeSouza From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Wilfried Dinh From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Mark Donovan From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Regina Frische-Danielson From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Robert J Frost From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Dahlia Garza From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Udo-Michael Gohring From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Jennifer Hellawell From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Judith Hsia From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Shiro Ishihara From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Patricia Kay-Mugford From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Joerg Koglin From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Marc Kozinn From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Christopher J Larson From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Martha Mayo From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Li-Ming Gan From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Pierrre Mugnier From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Sekayi Mushonga From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Lothar Roessig From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Cesare Russo From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Afshin Salsali From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Carol Satler From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Victor Shi From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Barry Ticho From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Michael van der Laan From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Clyde Yancy From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Norman Stockbridge From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)
Mihai Gheorghiade From the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., C.E.H.); Division of Cardiology and the CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.U.); Division of Cardiology, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (C.O'C.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (H.N.S.); Division of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Civil Hospital, Italy (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S., C.Y.); Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ (H.S.B., J.K.); Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA (G.B., J.H., C.S.); Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA (C.D., M.K.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (M.M.D., M.D., R.J.F., P.M., S.M., C.R.); Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany (W.D., M.v.d.L.); Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, University Hospital Witten/Herdecke, Germany (W.D.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (R.F.-D., J.H., L.-M.G.); Relypsa Inc., Redwood City, CA (D.G., M.M.); Vifor Pharma, Opfikon, Switzerland (U.-M.G.); Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan (S.I.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., East Hanover, NJ (P.K.-M., V.S.); Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (C.J.L.); Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (L.R.); Cardiology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (C.R.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT (A.S.); Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (B.T.); Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (N.S.); Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (M.G.)

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