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Visine A, Durand V, Guillou L, Raymond M, Berticat C. Chronic and immediate refined carbohydrate consumption and facial attractiveness. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298984. [PMID: 38446775 PMCID: PMC10917283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Western diet has undergone a massive switch since the second half of the 20th century, with the massive increase of the consumption of refined carbohydrate associated with many adverse health effects. The physiological mechanisms linked to this consumption, such as hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia, may impact non medical traits such as facial attractiveness. To explore this issue, the relationship between facial attractiveness and immediate and chronic refined carbohydrate consumption estimated by glycemic load was studied for 104 French subjects. Facial attractiveness was assessed by opposite sex raters using pictures taken two hours after a controlled breakfast. Chronic consumption was assessed considering three high glycemic risk meals: breakfast, afternoon snacking and between-meal snacking. Immediate consumption of a high glycemic breakfast decreased facial attractiveness for men and women while controlling for several control variables, including energy intake. Chronic refined carbohydrate consumption had different effects on attractiveness depending on the meal and/or the sex. Chronic refined carbohydrate consumption, estimated by the glycemic load, during the three studied meals reduced attractiveness, while a high energy intake increased it. Nevertheless, the effect was reversed for men concerning the afternoon snack, for which a high energy intake reduced attractiveness and a high glycemic load increased it. These effects were maintained when potential confounders for facial attractiveness were controlled such as age, age departure from actual age, masculinity/femininity (perceived and measured), BMI, physical activity, parental home ownership, smoking, couple status, hormonal contraceptive use (for women), and facial hairiness (for men). Results were possibly mediated by an increase in age appearance for women and a decrease in perceived masculinity for men. The physiological differences between the three meals studied and the interpretation of the results from an adaptive/maladaptive point of view in relation to our new dietary environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Visine
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Durand
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Léonard Guillou
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Berticat
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Ladouche B, Maréchal J, Lamotte C, Durand V, Bailly-Comte V, Hakoun V. Dataset on onshore groundwaters and offshore submarine spring of a Mediterranean karst aquifer during flow reversal and saltwater intrusion. Data Brief 2023; 50:109557. [PMID: 37753263 PMCID: PMC10518333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Groundwater from various shallow and deep reservoirs converges in interaction with marine waters into the limestone aquifer of the Balaruc peninsula (Thau lagoon, southern France). This aquifer faces temporary phenomena of marine water intrusion through the Vise submarine spring located at -29.5 m below the lagoon level. Since the 1960s, seven flow reversal phenomena have occurred, the last one occurring between 11/28/2020 and 03/14/2022. During these phenomena, which can last from a few weeks to several months, the salty water is absorbed from the lagoon to the conduit of the submarine spring, which leads to the salinization of the underlying karst aquifer. The monitoring of flow, water specific conductivity and water temperature data from the karst submarine spring is a key element of the research project to understand the hydrogeological functioning of the karst aquifer under normal conditions or during flow reversal periods. This monitoring allows the characterization of the (in- or out-) flows at the submarine spring, the evaluation of the volume or mass balances, the identification of the hydrogeological and physico-chemical responses (water temperature, specific conductivity) observed within the karstic aquifer. Here, we present the means implemented offshore to acquire data at the submarine spring over the 06/25/2019 - 12/31/2022 time period together with lagoon water's physico-chemical parameters and levels and onshore groundwater's physico-chemical parameters and levels acquired at springs and boreholes from the karst aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ladouche
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- G-eau, UMR 183, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - J.C. Maréchal
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- G-eau, UMR 183, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Lamotte
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - V. Durand
- Antea-Groupe, Agence Rhône – Alpes – Méditerranée, Pérols, France
| | - V. Bailly-Comte
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- G-eau, UMR 183, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - V. Hakoun
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- G-eau, UMR 183, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Institut Agro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
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Fronhofer NM, Herbert C, Durand V, Alvergne A, Raymond M, Barkat-Defradas M. Fear and cultural background drive sexual prejudice in France – a sentiment analysis approach. Open Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual prejudice and its negative consequences remain major issues in Western societies, and numerous studies have tried to pinpoint its sociocultural underpinnings. However, most research has operationalized sexual prejudice via self-report measures or via implicit association tests (IATs), although it surfaces in language use and can be traced in spontaneous speech.
Here, we report results from an experimental study investigating sexual prejudice in a corpus of spontaneous speech samples. Specifically, we tested in a context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach which attitudes (negative vs. positive) and emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) were voiced by the participants in response to picture prompts displaying homosexual couples. We also considered the sociocultural basis of prejudicial attitudes, in particular the effects of the participants’ cultural background (France vs. Maghreb), age and gender. We find strong effects of cultural background and gender both on the frequency of negative vs. positive attitudes expressed, and on discrete emotion categories, namely that male Maghrebian participants were more negative and conveyed more fear. The results are discussed in the context of current diversity approaches in France and their implications for potential prejudice regulation strategies. We further discuss in how far our context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach advances research on sexual prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.-M. Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier , CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier , France ; Department of Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology , Institute of Psychology and Education , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - C. Herbert
- Department of Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology , Institute of Psychology and Education , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - V. Durand
- ISEM, University of Montpellier , CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier , France
| | - A. Alvergne
- ISEM, University of Montpellier , CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier , France
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - M. Raymond
- ISEM, University of Montpellier , CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier , France
| | - M. Barkat-Defradas
- ISEM, University of Montpellier , CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier , France
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Mathieu L, Stockmann L, Haudin J, Monasse B, Vincent M, Barthez JM, Charmeau JY, Durand V, Gazonnet JP, Roux DC. Flow Marks in Injection Molding of PP. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2001-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Flow marks in injection moulding is quite often encountered on different type of polymers. This defects is known as successive and periodic bright and dull bands oriented perpendicular to the flow direction. Their appearances meanly depend on processing and observation conditions. This study was lead on two industrial polypropylene polymers with a simplified polished rectangular mould geometry. We show that this defect appears during the filling stage and comes from a local change of morphological and molecular orientation along the filling direction on the surface. An instability of the flow front due to a limited sliding at the contact combined to the strong changed of molecular orientation before and after the stagnation point are invoked to explain this instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mathieu
- Centre de mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - L. Stockmann
- Centre de mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - J.M. Haudin
- Centre de mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - B. Monasse
- Centre de mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - M. Vincent
- Centre de mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - J.-M. Barthez
- Pôle Européen de Plasturgie, Ecole Supérieure de Plasturgie , Bellignat , France
| | - J.-Y. Charmeau
- Pôle Européen de Plasturgie, Ecole Supérieure de Plasturgie , Bellignat , France
| | - V. Durand
- Pôle Européen de Plasturgie, Ecole Supérieure de Plasturgie , Bellignat , France
| | - J.-P. Gazonnet
- Pôle Européen de Plasturgie, Ecole Supérieure de Plasturgie , Bellignat , France
| | - D. C. Roux
- Pôle Européen de Plasturgie, Ecole Supérieure de Plasturgie , Bellignat , France
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Suire A, Tognetti A, Durand V, Raymond M, Barkat-Defradas M. Speech Acoustic Features: A Comparison of Gay Men, Heterosexual Men, and Heterosexual Women. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:2575-2583. [PMID: 32236763 PMCID: PMC7497419 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potential differences between homosexual and heterosexual men have been studied on a diverse set of social and biological traits. Regarding acoustic features of speech, researchers have hypothesized a feminization of such characteristics in homosexual men, but previous investigations have so far produced mixed results. Moreover, most studies have been conducted with English-speaking populations, which calls for further cross-linguistic examinations. Lastly, no studies investigated so far the potential role of testosterone in the association between sexual orientation and speech acoustic features. To fill these gaps, we explored potential differences in acoustic features of speech between homosexual and heterosexual native French men and investigated whether the former showed a trend toward feminization by comparing theirs to that of heterosexual native French women. Lastly, we examined whether testosterone levels mediated the association between speech acoustic features and sexual orientation. We studied four sexually dimorphic acoustic features relevant for the qualification of feminine versus masculine voices: the fundamental frequency, its modulation, and two understudied acoustic features of speech, the harmonics-to-noise ratio (a proxy of vocal breathiness) and the jitter (a proxy of vocal roughness). Results showed that homosexual men displayed significantly higher pitch modulation patterns and less breathy voices compared to heterosexual men, with values shifted toward those of heterosexual women. Lastly, testosterone levels did not influence any of the investigated acoustic features. Combined with the literature conducted in other languages, our findings bring new support for the feminization hypothesis and suggest that the feminization of some acoustic features could be shared across languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Suire
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Tognetti
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 21 Allée de Brienne, 31015, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valérie Durand
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Melissa Barkat-Defradas
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Berticat C, Durand V, Raymond M. Refined Carbohydrate Consumption and Facial Attractiveness. Evol Psychol 2020; 18:1474704920960440. [PMID: 33118381 PMCID: PMC10355300 DOI: 10.1177/1474704920960440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the second half of the 20th century, a massive increase in the consumption of refined carbohydrates has occurred, generating well-described detrimental health effects such as obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dental caries. Certain physiological mechanisms involved, particularly through chronic hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, suggest that a non-medical trait such as facial attractiveness could also be affected. To explore this possibility, variation in facial attractiveness was evaluated relative to refined carbohydrate consumption. Attractiveness was assessed from facial pictures as judged by raters of the opposite sex. Estimates of refined carbohydrate consumption were based on the glycaemic load of three mealtimes at-higher glycaemic risk (breakfast, afternoon snack and between-meal snack). In the presence of several control variables, facial pictures of women and men with higher between-meal glycaemic loads were preferred by opposite-sex raters. Structural equation modeling suggests that this result is possibly mediated by an increase in apparent age for men and an increase in femininity for women. The different physiological ecologies of the three meals at-higher glycaemic risk are discussed as well as the interpretation of the results in terms of adaptation or maladaptation to the modern and unique dietary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Berticat
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Durand
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Martínez-Pérez P, Ortín AB, Durand V, Gómez-Plaza E. Reemplazo de la estabilización tartárica por frío en las bodegas: El uso de carboximetil celulosa, poliaspartato de potasio y resinas intercambiadoras de iones. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191202018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
El tratamiento de los vinos antes del embotellado para evitar la precipitación de las sales del ácido tartárico es un paso importante y común durante la producción del vino. La estabilización en frío es el tratamiento de estabilización más utilizado, y aunque ha demostrado ser efectiva, presenta algunas desventajas significativas. Estas son las razones por las cuales se están introduciendo otros productos y metodologías en las bodegas. Algunas de estas nuevas técnicas implican la reducción de la concentración de ácido tartárico y/o potasio en los vinos. Otras son técnicas aditivas y utilizan coloides protectores o inhibidores de la cristalización de las sales. En este estudio, se han tratado con carboximetilcelulosa, con poliaspartado de potasio y con resina de intercambio iónico vinos blancos, rosados y dos tipos diferentes de vinos tintos. Se estudiaron las características enológicas y cromáticas de los vinos y se evaluaron también sensorialmente. Los resultados indican que las características sensoriales y cromáticas se mantuvieron en los vinos (en comparación con un vino de control no tratado) con el uso de la carboximetilcelulosa y el poliaspartato, no detectándose diferencias en la mayoría de los casos en una prueba sensorial triangular en el caso de la carboximetilcelulosa y siendo los vinos tratados con poliaspartato de potasio evaluados positivamente.
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Grégoire E, Roy L, Buard V, Delbos M, Durand V, Martin-Bodiot C, Voisin P, Sorokine-Durm I, Vaurijoux A, Voisin P, Baldeyron C, Barquinero JF. Twenty years of FISH-based translocation analysis for retrospective ionizing radiation biodosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:248-258. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1427903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Martine Delbos
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Durand
- Bureau des Etudes Biomédicales chez l’Animal, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martin-Bodiot
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Voisin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Irène Sorokine-Durm
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Vaurijoux
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Bovet J, Barkat-Defradas M, Durand V, Faurie C, Raymond M. Women's attractiveness is linked to expected age at menopause. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:229-238. [PMID: 29178517 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A great number of studies have shown that features linked to immediate fertility explain a large part of the variance in female attractiveness. This is consistent with an evolutionary perspective, as men are expected to prefer females at the age at which fertility peaks (at least for short-term relationships) in order to increase their reproductive success. However, for long-term relationships, a high residual reproductive value (the expected future reproductive output, linked to age at menopause) becomes relevant as well. In that case, young age and late menopause are expected to be preferred by men. However, the extent to which facial features provide cues to the likely age at menopause has never been investigated so far. Here, we show that expected age at menopause is linked to facial attractiveness of young women. As age at menopause is heritable, we used the mother's age at menopause as a proxy for her daughter's expected age of menopause. We found that men judged faces of women with a later expected age at menopause as more attractive than those of women with an earlier expected age at menopause. This result holds when age, cues of immediate fertility and facial ageing were controlled for. Additionally, we found that the expected age at menopause was not correlated with any of the other variables considered (including immediate fertility cues and facial ageing). Our results show the existence of a new correlate of women's facial attractiveness, expected age at menopause, which is independent of immediate fertility cues and facial ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bovet
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Barkat-Defradas
- Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554 - IRD - EPHE- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - V Durand
- Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554 - IRD - EPHE- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Faurie
- Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554 - IRD - EPHE- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Raymond
- Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554 - IRD - EPHE- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Properzi F, Logozzi M, Abdel-Haq H, Federici C, Lugini L, Azzarito T, Cristofaro I, di Sevo D, Ferroni E, Cardone F, Venditti M, Colone M, Comoy E, Durand V, Fais S, Pocchiari M. Detection of exosomal prions in blood by immunochemistry techniques. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1969-74. [PMID: 25805411 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In most forms of prion diseases, blood is infectious, but detection by immunochemistry techniques of the only available marker of infection (the misfolded prion protein, PrPTSE) in blood remains elusive. We developed a novel method for the detection of PrPTSE in blood of prion-infected rodents based on the finding that PrPTSE is associated with plasma exosomes. However, further purification of the exosomes on a sucrose gradient was necessary to remove plasma immunoglobulins, which interfere with PrPTSE, masking its detection by immunochemistry. Finally, we report that about 20% of plasma infectivity is associated with exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Properzi
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Hanin Abdel-Haq
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Federici
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lugini
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Azzarito
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristofaro
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela di Sevo
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ferroni
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Cardone
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Venditti
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Colone
- 3Department of Technologies and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Comoy
- 4Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Durand
- 4Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefano Fais
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pocchiari
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, Jaffré N, Sumian C, Durand V, Correia E, Mikol J, Luccantoni-Freire S, Culeux A, Deslys JP, Comoy EE. Evaluation of the protection of primates transfused with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-infected blood products filtered with prion removal devices: a 5-year update. Transfusion 2015; 55:1231-41. [PMID: 25647476 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of archived appendix samples reveals that one in 2000 individuals in the United Kingdom may carry the infectious prion protein associated with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), raising questions about the risk of transfusion transmission from apparently healthy carriers. Blood leukoreduction shows limited efficiency against prions. Therefore, in absence of antemortem diagnostic tests, prion removal filters, including the P-Capt filter were designed to improve blood transfusion safety. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the performances of two filters, the P-Capt and one prototype (PMC#005), with blood-borne infectivity in two independent experiments. Blood was drawn twice from prion-infected macaques. Corresponding RBCCs were prepared according to two different procedures: in Study A, the leukoreduction step was followed by the filtration through the P-Capt. In Study B, the leukoreduction and prion removal were performed simultaneously through the PMC#005. For each study, two groups of three animals were transfused twice with samples before or after filtration. RESULTS Among the six macaques transfused with nonfiltered samples, five developed neurologic signs but only four exhibited peripheral detectable protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) accumulation. In Study A, the three animals transfused with P-Capt-filtered samples remain asymptomatic and devoid of PrPres in lymph node biopsies 6 years after the transfusion. In Study B, one animal transfused with PMC#005-filtered samples developed vCJD. CONCLUSION After 5 to 6 years of progress, this ongoing study provides encouraging results on the prion blood removal performances of the P-Capt filter in macaques, an utmost relevant model for human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valérie Durand
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Evelyne Correia
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jacqueline Mikol
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sophie Luccantoni-Freire
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel E Comoy
- Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, Sumian C, Culeux A, Durand V, Gurgel PV, Deslys JP, Comoy EE. Removal of exogenous prion infectivity in leukoreduced red blood cells unit by a specific filter designed for human transfusion. Transfusion 2013; 54:1037-45. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valérie Durand
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA); CEA; Fontenay-aux-Roses France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA); CEA; Fontenay-aux-Roses France
| | - Emmanuel E. Comoy
- Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA); CEA; Fontenay-aux-Roses France
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Comoy EE, Mikol J, Ruchoux MM, Durand V, Luccantoni-Freire S, Dehen C, Correia E, Casalone C, Richt JA, Greenlee JJ, Torres JM, Brown P, Deslys JP. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of transmissible mink encephalopathy. Pathogens 2013; 2:520-32. [PMID: 25437205 PMCID: PMC4235697 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful transmission of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy (TME) to cattle supports the bovine hypothesis for the still controversial origin of TME outbreaks. Human and primate susceptibility to classical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (c-BSE) and the transmissibility of L-type BSE to macaques indicate a low cattle-to-primate species barrier. We therefore evaluated the zoonotic potential of cattle-adapted TME. In less than two years, this strain induced in cynomolgus macaques a neurological disease similar to L-BSE but distinct from c-BSE. TME derived from another donor species (raccoon) induced a similar disease with even shorter incubation periods. L-BSE and cattle-adapted TME were also transmissible to transgenic mice expressing human prion protein (PrP). Secondary transmissions to transgenic mice expressing bovine PrP maintained the features of the three tested bovine strains (cattle TME, c-BSE and L-BSE) regardless of intermediate host. Thus, TME is the third animal prion strain transmissible to both macaques and humanized transgenic mice, suggesting zoonotic potentials that should be considered in the risk analysis of animal prion diseases for human health. Moreover, the similarities between TME and L-BSE are highly suggestive of a link between these strains, and therefore the possible presence of L-BSE for many decades prior to its identification in USA and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Comoy
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Jacqueline Mikol
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Marie-Madeleine Ruchoux
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Valérie Durand
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sophie Luccantoni-Freire
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Capucine Dehen
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Evelyne Correia
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, K224B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5601 USA.
| | - Justin J Greenlee
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, Iowa 50010 USA.
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul Brown
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abe Y, Aberle C, dos Anjos JC, Barriere JC, Bergevin M, Bernstein A, Bezerra TJC, Bezrukhov L, Blucher E, Bowden NS, Buck C, Busenitz J, Cabrera A, Caden E, Camilleri L, Carr R, Cerrada M, Chang PJ, Chimenti P, Classen T, Collin AP, Conover E, Conrad JM, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crum K, Cucoanes A, D’Agostino MV, Damon E, Dawson JV, Dazeley S, Dietrich D, Djurcic Z, Dracos M, Durand V, Ebert J, Efremenko Y, Elnimr M, Erickson A, Etenko A, Fallot M, Fechner M, von Feilitzsch F, Felde J, Fernandes SM, Fischer V, Franco D, Franke AJ, Franke M, Furuta H, Gama R, Gil-Botella I, Giot L, Göger-Neff M, Gonzalez LFG, Goodenough L, Goodman MC, Goon JTM, Greiner D, Haag N, Habib S, Hagner C, Hara T, Hartmann FX, Haser J, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayakawa T, Hofmann M, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Ishitsuka M, Jochum J, Jollet C, Jones CL, Kaether F, Kalousis LN, Kamyshkov Y, Kaplan DM, Kawasaki T, Keefer G, Kemp E, de Kerret H, Kibe Y, Konno T, Kryn D, Kuze M, Lachenmaier T, Lane CE, Langbrandtner C, Lasserre T, Letourneau A, Lhuillier D, Lima HP, Lindner M, López-Castaño JM, LoSecco JM, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lucht S, McKee D, Maeda J, Maesano CN, Mariani C, Maricic J, Martino J, Matsubara T, Mention G, Meregaglia A, Meyer M, Miletic T, Milincic R, Miyata H, Mueller TA, Nagasaka Y, Nakajima K, Novella P, Obolensky M, Oberauer L, Onillon A, Osborn A, Ostrovskiy I, Palomares C, Pepe IM, Perasso S, Perrin P, Pfahler P, Porta A, Potzel W, Pronost G, Reichenbacher J, Reinhold B, Remoto A, Röhling M, Roncin R, Roth S, Rybolt B, Sakamoto Y, Santorelli R, Sato F, Schönert S, Schoppmann S, Schwetz T, Shaevitz MH, Shimojima S, Shrestha D, Sida JL, Sinev V, Skorokhvatov M, Smith E, Spitz J, Stahl A, Stancu I, Stokes LFF, Strait M, Stüken A, Suekane F, Sukhotin S, Sumiyoshi T, Sun Y, Svoboda R, Terao K, Tonazzo A, Toups M, Trinh Thi HH, Valdiviesso G, Veyssiere C, Wagner S, Watanabe H, White B, Wiebusch C, Winslow L, Worcester M, Wurm M, Yermia F, Zimmer V. Direct measurement of backgrounds using reactor-off data in Double Chooz. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.87.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Male mate choice might be based on both absolute and relative strategies. Cues of female attractiveness are thus likely to reflect both fitness and reproductive potential, as well as compatibility with particular male phenotypes. In humans, absolute clues of fertility and indices of favorable developmental stability are generally associated with increased women’s attractiveness. However, why men exhibit variable preferences remains less studied. Male mate choice might be influenced by uncertainty of paternity, a selective factor in species where the survival of the offspring depends on postnatal paternal care. For instance, in humans, a man might prefer a woman with recessive traits, thereby increasing the probability that his paternal traits will be visible in the child and ensuring paternity. Alternatively, attractiveness is hypothesized to be driven by self-resembling features (homogamy), which would reduce outbreeding depression. These hypotheses have been simultaneously evaluated for various facial traits using both real and artificial facial stimuli. The predicted preferences were then compared to realized mate choices using facial pictures from couples with at least 1 child. No evidence was found to support the paternity uncertainty hypothesis, as recessive features were not preferred by male raters. Conversely, preferences for self-resembling mates were found for several facial traits (hair and eye color, chin dimple, and thickness of lips and eyebrows). Moreover, realized homogamy for facial traits was also found in a sample of long-term mates. The advantages of homogamy in evolutionary terms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bovet
- University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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Abe Y, Aberle C, Akiri T, dos Anjos JC, Ardellier F, Barbosa AF, Baxter A, Bergevin M, Bernstein A, Bezerra TJC, Bezrukhov L, Blucher E, Bongrand M, Bowden NS, Buck C, Busenitz J, Cabrera A, Caden E, Camilleri L, Carr R, Cerrada M, Chang PJ, Chimenti P, Classen T, Collin AP, Conover E, Conrad JM, Cormon S, Crespo-Anadón JI, Cribier M, Crum K, Cucoanes A, D'Agostino MV, Damon E, Dawson JV, Dazeley S, Dierckxsens M, Dietrich D, Djurcic Z, Dracos M, Durand V, Efremenko Y, Elnimr M, Endo Y, Etenko A, Falk E, Fallot M, Fechner M, von Feilitzsch F, Felde J, Fernandes SM, Franco D, Franke AJ, Franke M, Furuta H, Gama R, Gil-Botella I, Giot L, Göger-Neff M, Gonzalez LFG, Goodman MC, Goon JTM, Greiner D, Guillon B, Haag N, Hagner C, Hara T, Hartmann FX, Hartnell J, Haruna T, Haser J, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayakawa T, Hofmann M, Horton-Smith GA, Ishitsuka M, Jochum J, Jollet C, Jones CL, Kaether F, Kalousis L, Kamyshkov Y, Kaplan DM, Kawasaki T, Keefer G, Kemp E, de Kerret H, Kibe Y, Konno T, Kryn D, Kuze M, Lachenmaier T, Lane CE, Langbrandtner C, Lasserre T, Letourneau A, Lhuillier D, Lima HP, Lindner M, Liu Y, López-Castanõ JM, LoSecco JM, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lucht S, McKee D, Maeda J, Maesano CN, Mariani C, Maricic J, Martino J, Matsubara T, Mention G, Meregaglia A, Miletic T, Milincic R, Milzstajn A, Miyata H, Motta D, Mueller TA, Nagasaka Y, Nakajima K, Novella P, Obolensky M, Oberauer L, Onillon A, Osborn A, Ostrovskiy I, Palomares C, Peeters SJM, Pepe IM, Perasso S, Perrin P, Pfahler P, Porta A, Potzel W, Queval R, Reichenbacher J, Reinhold B, Remoto A, Reyna D, Röhling M, Roth S, Rubin HA, Sakamoto Y, Santorelli R, Sato F, Schönert S, Schoppmann S, Schwan U, Schwetz T, Shaevitz MH, Shrestha D, Sida JL, Sinev V, Skorokhvatov M, Smith E, Spitz J, Stahl A, Stancu I, Strait M, Stüken A, Suekane F, Sukhotin S, Sumiyoshi T, Sun Y, Sun Z, Svoboda R, Tabata H, Tamura N, Terao K, Tonazzo A, Toups M, Trinh Thi HH, Veyssiere C, Wagner S, Watanabe H, White B, Wiebusch C, Winslow L, Worcester M, Wurm M, Yanovitch E, Yermia F, Zbiri K, Zimmer V. Indication of reactor ν(e) disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:131801. [PMID: 22540693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Double Chooz experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. An observed-to-predicted ratio of events of 0.944±0.016(stat)±0.040(syst) was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, with two 4.25 GW(th) reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m(3) fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 flux measurement after correction for differences in core composition. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a nonzero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter sin(2)2θ(13). Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum, we find sin(2)2θ(13)=0.086±0.041(stat)±0.030(syst), or, at 90% C.L., 0.017<sin(2)2θ(13)<0.16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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Alvergne A, Oda R, Faurie C, Matsumoto-Oda A, Durand V, Raymond M. Cross-cultural perceptions of facial resemblance between kin. J Vis 2009; 9:23.1-10. [DOI: 10.1167/9.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Benderitter M, Isoir M, Buard V, Durand V, Linard C, Vozenin-Brotons MC, Steffanazi J, Carsin H, Gourmelon P. Collapse of Skin Antioxidant Status during the Subacute Period of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome: A Case Report. Radiat Res 2007; 167:43-50. [PMID: 17214513 DOI: 10.1667/rr0577.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a patient suffering from accidental cutaneous radiation syndrome. Clinical symptoms were characterized by the presence of moist epidermal denudation over approximately 8% of the body surface without signs of necrosis 88 days after radiation exposure. The skin transcriptional profile was obtained and provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in gene expression associated with skin wound healing after irradiation. In particular, our data show a specific set of genes, i.e. SOD1, GPX1, TDX1, TDX2 and HSP60, implicated in the redox control of normal skin repair after radiation exposure, whereas HOX1 and HOX2 were involved in the pathological skin repair. A reduction in the antioxidant capacity of the irradiated tissue concomitant with a progressive establishment of an uncontrolled inflammatory response was noted. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that ROS modulation is a key element of the healing response after cutaneous exposure to radiation and that the collapse of skin antioxidant status interferes directly with wound healing in skin after radiation exposure. Thus a better understanding of the molecular events through which oxidative stress modulates the healing response could result in a more rational therapeutic approach to the pathological process induced after exposure of skin to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benderitter
- Laboratoire de RadioPathologie, SRBE, DRPH, IRSN, Fontenay-aux Roses, France.
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Roy L, Gregoire E, Durand V, Buard V, Delbos M, Paillole N, Sorokine-Durm I, Gourmelon P, Voisin P. Study of the tools available in biological dosimetry to estimate the dose in cases of accidental complex overexposure to ionizing radiation: the Lilo accident. Int J Radiat Biol 2006; 82:39-48. [PMID: 16546902 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600579207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficiency of different cytogenetic tools in estimating the doses received by four people involved in the Lilo accident and to monitor the dose estimate over 4.5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several young Georgian frontier guards handled at least one of the 12 Caesium sources found in a former Russian military camp. Overexposure lasted from July 1996 to May 1997. The Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) obtained blood samples taken at several intervals post-exposure from the four most highly-exposed people. Dose estimation was performed using dicentric and translocation scoring. RESULTS The first dose estimations performed by dicentric scoring gave whole-body doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 Gy. Overexposure was complex and several mathematical models were used to take this complexity into account. This could provide information concerning the circumstances of overexposure. Concerning follow-up, the yield of dicentrics decreased by about 50% in the first 4 months following the end of overexposure whereas translocations were stable over the period of analysis. CONCLUSION It has been useful to compare cytogenetic results with clinical results. The results presented here reveal good stability of translocations. However the first dose estimation was not attempted until 6 months after the last exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roy
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Edwards A, Voisin P, Sorokine-Durm I, Maznik N, Vinnikov V, Mikhalevich L, Moquet J, Lloyd D, Delbos M, Durand V. Biological estimates of dose to inhabitants of Belarus and Ukraine following the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2004; 111:211-219. [PMID: 15266074 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well various assays on blood can detect radiation dose to people exposed many years previously and, if possible, to estimate that dose. The assays were applied to persons resident close to Chernobyl in 1986. Blood samples were taken 13-15 years after the reactor accident. The assays used were the frequencies of lymphocyte chromosomal translocations, micronuclei, HPRT mutations and apoptotic cells. Translocation yields in the exposed groups were marginally higher than in their respective controls, leading to dose estimates of about 0.2 Gy but with large uncertainties. All other assays showed inconsistency from person to person or other variations apparently not related to dose. The measurement of translocations, it is concluded, is the biological method of choice for retrospective dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Edwards
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Roy L, Buard V, Delbos M, Durand V, Paillole N, Grégoire E, Voisin P. International intercomparison for criticality dosimetry: the case of biological dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2004; 110:471-476. [PMID: 15353693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) organized a biological dosimetry international intercomparison with the purpose of comparing (i) dicentrics yield produced in human lymphocytes; (ii) the gamma and neutron dose estimate according to the corresponding laboratory calibration curve. The experimental reactor SILENE was used with different configurations: bare source 4 Gy, lead shield 1 and 2 Gy and a 60Co source 2 Gy. An increasing variation of dicentric yield per cell was observed between participants when there were more damages in the samples. Doses were derived from the observed dicentric rates according to the dose-effect relationship provided by each laboratory. Differences in dicentric rate values are more important than those in the corresponding dose values. The doses obtained by the participants were found to be in agreement with the given physical dose within 20%. The evaluation of the respective gamma and neutron dose was achieved only by four laboratories, with some small variations among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la radioprotection de l'homme, IRSN, BP 17 92262 Fontenay-aux roses, France.
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Abstract
Lymphocytes are very sensitive to radiation. Our aim was to test the possibility of detecting apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure. Our in vitro data confirmed the dose-time-effect relationships involved in radiation-induced apoptosis. The detection of in vivo induction of apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes after exposure of animals to radiation appears to depend critically on the technique used to measure apoptosis. Among the different techniques we investigated, mitochondrial modification was the most appropriate; they allowed establishment of dose-time-effect relationships when animals were observed for 72 h. A model of in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages was developed to mimic clearance of apoptotic cells occurring in vivo. Together, our data show that mitochondrial labeling may make it possible to detect ex vivo radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes before macrophage ingestion occurs. We propose the measurement of apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benderitter
- Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection de la santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique Multiparamétrique, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cédex, France.
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Mathieu L, Stockmann L, Haudin JM, Monasse B, Vincent M, Barthez JM, Charmeau JY, Durand V, Gazonnet JR, Roux DC. Flow Marks in Injection Molding of PP. INT POLYM PROC 2001. [DOI: 10.3139/217.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Durand V, Renaudineau Y, Pers JO, Youinou P, Jamin C. Anti-Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) autoantibodies (Ab) delay apoptosis of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in systemic autoimmune diseases by inducing the production of G-CSF and GM-CSF. Arthritis Res Ther 2001. [PMCID: PMC3273286 DOI: 10.1186/ar284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Durand V, Renaudineau Y, Pers JO, Youinou P, Jamin C. Cross-linking of human FcgammaRIIIb induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Immunol 2001; 167:3996-4007. [PMID: 11564819 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that human autoantibodies reacting with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-anchored FcgammaRIIIb (CD16) protect these cells from spontaneous apoptosis. In this study, we used anti-CD16 F(ab')(2) to delineate the mechanism(s) whereby the PMN life span is extended. As documented using four methods, CD16 cross-linking impeded spontaneous apoptosis, whereas anti-CD18 F(ab')(2) exerted no effect. Incubation of PMNs with anti-CD16 prevented the up-regulation of beta(2) integrins, particularly CD11b, which is the alpha-chain of complement receptor type 3, but also CD18, which is its beta-chain, as well as CD11a and CD11c. Anti-CD16-conditioned supernatant of PMNs diminished the percentage of annexin V-binding fresh PMNs after another 18 h in culture, whereas the negative control anti-CD18 had no effect. The expression of mRNA for G-CSF and GM-CSF was induced by anti-CD16, followed by the release of G-CSF and GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-G-CSF and anti-GM-CSF mAbs abrogated the antiapoptotic effect of the related growth factors. The delay in apoptosis was accompanied by a down-regulated expression of Bax, and a partial reduction of caspase-3 activity. These data suggest an autocrine involvement of anti-CD16-induced survival factors in the rescue of PMNs from spontaneous apoptosis. Thus, apoptosis of aged PMNs can be modulated by signaling through FcgammaRIIIb, which may occur in patients with PMN-binding anti-FcgammaRIIIb autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Durand
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Brest University Medical School, 5 av. Foch, F 29 609 Brest Cedex, France
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Abstract
We have established that polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-binding anti-Fcgamma receptor IIIb (FcgammaRIIIb) autoantibodies (autoAb) inhibit the function of these cells but extend their survival. Here, we show that recombinant FcgammaRIIIb (rFcgammaRIIIb), as well as purified FcgammaRIIIb (pFcgammaRIIIb), deteriorated the PMN adherence and respiratory burst in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, rFcgammaRIIIb and pFcgammaRIIIb reduced the level of annexin V-binding PMN from 23.6 +/- 1.6 % to 6.3 +/- 1.0 and 11.0 +/- 1.0 %, respectively, while human serum albumin exerted no effects. Incubation of rFcgammaRIIIb with those autoAb binding to soluble FcgammaRIIIb resulted in the attachment of such immune complexes (IC) to the cells, thereby also delaying apoptosis (44.9 +/- 5.9 versus 18.0 +/- 2.0 % annexin V-binding PMN after 16 hours). Soluble FcgammaRIIIb, in concert with FcgammaRIIIb / anti-FcgammaRIIIb IC, produced similar effects in that the percentage of annexin V-binding PMN declined to 16.0 +/-1.9 %. It was thus suggested that FcgammaRIIIb / anti-FcgammaRIIIb IC inserted the Fc region of their IgG into the membrane FcgammaRIIIb. Such an interpretation is consistent with our finding that, whereas aggregated IgG and anti-FcgammaRIIIb monoclonal Ab prevented membrane FcgammaRIIIb / IC interaction, neither soluble FcgammaRIIIb, nor anti-cgammaRII did so. We conclude that the function and the life span of PMN are influenced synergistically by soluble FcgammaRIIIb and anti-FcgammaRIIIb autoAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Durand
- Laboratory of Immunology, Medical School, Brest, France
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Durand V, Pers J, Renaudineau Y, Pennec Y, Youinou P. Autoanticorps contre les polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours des maladies auto-immunes systémiques. Rev Med Interne 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)83381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Roy L, Durand V, Delbos M, Sorokine-Durm I, Soussaline F, Voisin P. A new image analysis system for biological dosimetry by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Step 1: metaphase finder and automatic metaphase acquisition validation. J Radiat Res 2001; 42:165-177. [PMID: 11599883 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Because of the large number of cells to be analyzed in cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, an automated imaging system is desirable for scoring both translocations and dicentrics. This system should include three essential steps: automatic metaphase finding, automatic image capture at high magnification, and, finally, optimized data analysis for aberration interpretation. We evaluated a new image analysis system (CYTOGEN, IMSTAR, France) and found that its metaphase finder saved time, as much as quadrupling the speed of scoring chromosomal aberrations. Automatic metaphase selection did not appear to induce bias. We confirmed the equivalence of observing aberrations on a screen after automatic image capture and direct observation under a microscope. This work validated all of the steps necessary for obtaining images for automatic chromosomal aberration detection. The protocols for the detection of translocations may now be applied for biological dosimetry. This step will be validated in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roy
- Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection de la santé de I'Homme et de Dosimétrie, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Voisin P, Benderitter M, Claraz M, Chambrette V, Sorokine-Durm I, Delbos M, Durand V, Leroy A, Paillole N. The cytogenetic dosimetry of recent accidental overexposure. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2001; 47:557-64. [PMID: 11441964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
When accidental exposure to ionizing radiations is suspected, optimal choice of a treatment strategy requires, in addition to information about the clinical signs and physical dosimetry, a determination by biological parameters of the dose received. The scoring of unstable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes is the current reference method. Preparation of these samples depends on the goal sought--an exact assessment of several irradiations or rapid triage in the case of a large-scale accident. Moreover, some adaptation may be necessary if the irradiation is either heterogenous or not recent. Despite the robustness and adaptability of this procedure, conventional cytogenetics remains a tedious and time-consuming technique, and it requires specialized staff. Scoring micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes may be an easier, simpler altemative to a dicentric assay. This paper, which is based on the experience acquired by the IPSN in recent years in expert assessment of suspected radiations, has as its goal to provide a succinct technical guideline of these different approaches, as they are adapted to suspected recent irradiation and triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Voisin
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique Multiparamétrique, Institut de Protection et Sûreté Nucléaire, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Mamoune A, Kerdreux S, Durand V, Saraux A, Goff PL, Youinou P, Corre RL. CD45 autoantibodies mediate neutralization of activated T cells from lupus patients through anergy or apoptosis. Lupus 2001; 9:622-31. [PMID: 11035438 DOI: 10.1191/096120300678828776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to provide estimates of the prevalence of autoantibody (Ab) directed to CD45 in lupus patients, identify the target autoantigen(s), and determine the ability of such reactivity to mediate neutralization of T lymphocytes. Sera from 64 patients were studied using 2 assays: Western blot and an ELISA with CD45 eluted from 3 cell lines as antigen (U937, Jurkat and Daudi). The role of carbohydrate specificity was investigated using enzyme digestion of blotted glycans, competition with sugars, and inhibition with lectins. Apoptosis was studied through annexin V binding, and cell cycle analysis using the propidium iodide method. AutoAb to CD45 were detected in 16/64 sera (25%) by Western blot, and 21/32 sera (66%) found positive in the ELISA. CD45 purified from Daudi cells was identified in the ELISA, but not in the blot. AutoAb were of the IgM and the IgG isotypes, but not specific for a particular cell type or CD45 isoform: 2 dominant specificities were recognized, one against p180, and another against high MW isoforms. Neuraminidase-induced enhancement of reactivity, together with the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl galactosamine and Dolichos diflorus lectin suggest that the epitopes are carbohydrates. AutoAb which were specific for activated CD4+T cells triggered the annexin V binding, and, in 2 of 4 cases, lymphocytes underwent apoptosis. In conclusion, carbohydrate conformational epitopes may be important as target antigens, and some CD45 autoAb have the capacity to neutralize activated T cells through anergy or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mamoune
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute de Synergie des Sciences et de la Sante, Brest University Medical School, Brest, France
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Durand V, Pers JO, Renaudineau Y, Saraux A, Youinou P, Jamin C. Differential effects of anti-Fc gamma RIIIb autoantibodies on polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis and function. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:233-40. [PMID: 11272273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Fc gamma receptor IIIb (Fc gammaRIIIb) human autoantibodies (Ab) have been classified previously into three groups, based on the results of an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): IIF+/ELISA+ (group A), IIF+/ELISA- (group B), and IIF-/ELISA+ (group C) sera. In this study, differential effects between IIF+ autoAb, recognizing cell-bound Fc gammaR, and those ELISA+, recognizing only cell-free Fc gammaR, were studied on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Neither group A nor B autoAb was cytotoxic, although both prolonged the survival of PMN by delaying spontaneous apoptosis. By the same extent, the PMN-binding antisera stimulated the appearance of a CD11b(dim) population, following a 12-h incubation. This event was associated with a lowered expression of beta2 integrin molecules, resulting in altered PMN function. Treatment with groups A and B autoAb reduced adhesiveness and respiratory burst. This impairment of the responses was more pronounced when the cells originated from donors NA1+ NA1+ rather than donors NA2+ NA2+. From our observations, the influences of anti-Fc gammaRIIIb autoAb on PMN survival, as well as function and subsequent dysregulation of the inflammatory response, have proven somewhat dependent on their target antigens, as determined by IIF coupled with ELISA and Fc gammaRIIIb polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Durand
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Brest University Medical School, France
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Voisin P, Assaei RG, Heidary A, Varzegar R, Zakeri F, Durand V, Sorokine-Durm I. Mathematical methods in biological dosimetry: the 1996 Iranian accident. Int J Radiat Biol 2000; 76:1545-54. [PMID: 11098857 DOI: 10.1080/09553000050176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report 18 months of cytogenetic follow-up for an Iranian worker accidentally overexposed to 192Ir, the mathematical extrapolation and comparison with clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Unstable chromosome aberrations were measured using conventional cytogenetic tests by French and Iranian biological dosimetry laboratories on five occasions after the exposure. The decrease in dicentrics over time was analysed mathematically. In addition, Dolphin and Qdr extrapolations were applied to the data to check the exposure estimates. FISH determination of translocation yields was performed twice by the French laboratory and the results compared with the Dolphin and Qdr corrected values. RESULTS Dose estimates based on dicentrics decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 Gy at 5 days after the accident to 0.8 +/- 0.2 Gy at 529 days. This could be fitted by double-exponential regression with an inflexion point between rapid and slow decrease of dicentrics after about 40 days. Dose estimates of 3.4 +/- 0.4 Gy for the Qdr model and 3.6 +/- 0.5 Gy for the Dolphin model were calculated during the post-exposure period and were remarkably stable. FISH translocation data at 26 and 61 days appeared consistent with the Dolphin and Qdr estimates. CONCLUSION Dose correction by the Qdr and Dolphin models and translocation scoring appeared consistent with the clinical data and provided better information about the radiation injury than did crude estimates from dicentric scoring alone. Estimation by the Dolphin model of the irradiated fraction of the body seemed unreliable: it correlated better with the fraction of originally irradiated lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Voisin
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique Multiparamétrique, Institut de Protection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Mamoune A, Durand V, Le Goff P, Pennec YL, Youinou P, Le Corre R. Abnormal distribution of CD45 isoforms expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Histol Histopathol 2000; 15:587-91. [PMID: 10809380 DOI: 10.14670/hh-15.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD45RO+ T cells are referred to as memory or helper-inducer while CD45RA+ T cells are regarded as naive or suppressor-inducer T cells. The former population predominates in the peripheral blood and even more in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, to the expense of the latter population. Within the CD45RB+ compartment, there appears to be more of the fully-differentiated than of the early-differentiated CD4+ T cells. In spite of the fact that these lymphocytes are close to undergoing apoptosis, this programmed cell death is inhibited in the rheumatoid synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mamoune
- Laboratory of Immunology, Brest University Medical School, France
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Bodman-Smith MD, Anand A, Durand V, Youinou PY, Lydyard PM. Decreased expression of FcgammaRIII (CD16) by gammadelta T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2000; 99:498-503. [PMID: 10792496 PMCID: PMC2327187 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some gammadelta T cells express a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (FcgammaRIII - CD16). The relevance of this Fc receptor to gammadelta T-cell function is at present unclear. Our previous studies have shown that gammadelta T cells express activation markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we have examined the relative proportions of CD16+ gammadelta T cells in the blood and synovial fluid of these patients compared with control blood. CD16+ gammadelta T cells from RA patients were significantly reduced in synovial fluid compared with the circulation. That this was due to blocking of antibody binding to CD16 was unlikely as treatment of blood gammadelta T cells with RA synovial fluid (known to contain immune complexes) failed to alter expression of CD16. Treatment of blood gammadelta T cells with phytohaemagglutinin in vitro, resulted in a time-dependent decrease in expression of CD16, with a concomitant increase in expression of human leucocyte antigen-DR, at the single cell level. We conclude that expression of CD16 by gammadelta T cells is lost in the synovial compartment as the result of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bodman-Smith
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Basset C, Durand V, Jamin C, Clément J, Pennec Y, Youinou P, Dueymes M, Roitt IM. Increased N-linked glycosylation leading to oversialylation of monomeric immunoglobulin A1 from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:300-6. [PMID: 10736100 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level is a common finding in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). IgA might not be properly eliminated because of an abnormal glycosylation. We reported previously that IgA1 from patients with pSS was oversialylated. We extend this finding by showing that monomeric IgA1 contains more sialic acid (SA) in patients than in controls, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot with Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), a lectin specific for SA. To localize this excess of SA on the N- and/or O-linked oligosaccharides, we analysed them separately, using N- and O-linked oligosaccharide profiling kits based on fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. N-linked, but not O-linked, oligosaccharides of patients' IgA1 were oversialylated, and this seemed to be linked to an excess of SA on the same number of polysaccharides as normal IgA1. To localize the abnormality to the Fab and/or Fc fragments, monomeric IgA1 was digested with protease, separated and transferred to nitrocellulose, where SA was identified by SNA. Both Fab and Fc fragments appeared to be oversialylated. Oversialylation of N-linked oligosaccharides of IgA1 from patients with pSS might prevent the recognition of IgA by receptors that are responsible for their clearance, resulting in an excess of serum IgA and related immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Basset
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé (I3S), Brest, France
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de Souza Vieira AC, Durand V. [Who uses the public health service? An example from North-East Brazil]. Sante 2000; 10:141-4. [PMID: 10960814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We questioned the users of two public health centers in the city of Recife, North-East Brazil, and a third center in a small neighboring town, about their level of education, their activities, incomes and perception of the functioning of the public health service. Overall, the users of the service, who were mostly women, gave a positive opinion of its functioning. However, the population as a whole perceived use of the public health service to be associated with poverty and social exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C de Souza Vieira
- Université fédérale du Pernambouc (UFPE), Departamento de Serviço Social, Cidade Universitaria, av. Pr Moraes-Rego, 1235, 50670-420 Recife (PE), Brasil
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Basset C, Durand V, Mimassi N, Pennec YL, Youinou P, Dueymes M. Enhanced sialyltransferase activity in B lymphocytes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:307-11. [PMID: 10736101 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the indisputable role of immunoglobulin (Ig)A in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), the causative abnormality remains largely unknown. As an extension of our report that IgA is oversialylated in this disease, the thrust of the present study was to measure the sialyltransferase (ST) activity in B lymphocytes. ST containing lysates of B cells from 17 pSS patients and 10 controls, were obtained using a combination of detergents, and incubated with affinity purified IgA that had been previously desialylated. The deposition of cytidine 5' monophosphate sialic acid (SA) by ST from B cells onto IgA was detected by two ELISA based upon the use of biotinylated lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin which is specific for alpha2-6 SA and Maackia amurensis which is specific for alpha2-3 SA). In parallel, the amount of SA on IgA from ten of the 17 patients and eight of the 10 controls was assayed using the same method. An excess of alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 SA on IgA was found in those patients with excessive activity of alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 ST. Thus, IgA hypersialylation in pSS patients may result from undue activity of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Basset
- Laboratory of Immunology; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé (I3S), Brest University Medical School, Brest, France
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Affiliation(s)
- V Durand
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institut de Synergie des Sciences et de la Santé, Brest, France
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is heavily glycosylated, interacts with a variety of receptors, e.g. the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), which binds terminal galactose residues, and the Fcalpha receptor (FcalphaRI). It has thus been proposed that elevated serum levels of IgA in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are caused by its defective clearance. To test this hypothesis, we developed a method (based on sialyl transferases eluted from a hepatoma cell line) to increase the amount of sialic acid (SA) on IgA, and used a battery of IgA1- and IgA2-specific glycosidases to reduce this amount. Binding of IgA1 and IgA2 to ASGP-R and FcalphaRI was found to be sugar dependent because oversialylated IgA bound less than native or desialylated IgA. However, individual sugars did not play a direct role in this binding. Given that IgA are oversialylated in pSS, defective clearance of IgA may indeed be ascribed to an excess of SA in IgA1 and IgA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Basset
- Brest University Medical School, Brest, France
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D'Alteroche L, Mor C, Durand V, De Muret A, Benbouker L, Colombat P, Danquechin Dorval E. [Gastric granulocytic sarcoma revealed by a massive digestive hemorrhage]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1999; 23:779-82. [PMID: 10470535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 37-year-old-man having a chronic myelogenous leukemia, who presented, one month after a splenic acutization, massive gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcerated nodules of the gastric fundus. The histologic examination of one of these nodules showed granulocytic sarcoma. In spite of an endoscopic treatment by sclerotherapy with adrenalined serum, the death occurred during a hemorrhagic recurrence. This observation, which is the third case reported of gastric granulocytic sarcoma during the acutization of a myelogenous chronic leukemia, and the first revealed by fatal gastrointestinal bleeding, shows the particular gravity of gastrointestinal bleeding complicating granulocytic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D'Alteroche
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Trousseau, Tours
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Regimbeau C, Karsenti D, Durand V, D'Alteroche L, Copie-Bergman C, Metman EH, Machet MC. [Low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma and helicobacter heilmannii (Gastrospirillum hominis]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1998; 22:720-3. [PMID: 9823561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the fourth case of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma associated to Helicobacter heilmannii. This spiral organism may be present in the gastric mucosa of animals where it is non pathogenic while, in humans, its presence is always associated with chronic gastritis. In this case, Helicobacter heilmannii was observed in the absence of Helicobacter pylori. Regression of endoscopic and histological lesions after Helicobacter heilmannii eradication suggests its role in gastric lymphoma. This observation underlines the need for searching for Helicobacter heilmannii by careful histological examination, in the absence of Helicobacter pylori, and the importance of its eradication in the treatment of gastric lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Regimbeau
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Trousseau, Tours
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Sorokine-Durm I, Durand V, Le Roy A, Paillole N, Roy L, Voisin P. Is FISH painting an appropriate biological marker for dose estimates of suspected accidental radiation overexposure? A review of cases investigated in France from 1995 to 1996. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105 Suppl 6:1427-32. [PMID: 9467056 PMCID: PMC1469948 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105s61427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
From 1995 to 1996 about 15 people suspected of being overexposed to ionizing radiation were referred to the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, for investigation by chromosome aberration analysis. Biological estimates of accidental overexposure were first obtained by scoring radio-induced unstable structural chromosome aberrations (dicentrics, centric rings, and fragments) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. For dose estimates, the yield of these chromosomal aberrations observed in 500 metaphases was compared with the laboratory dose-response relationship established from human blood irradiated in vitro (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). To extend the possibilities of detecting DNA damage from earlier exposures by visualizing stable chromosome aberrations, chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH painting) was developed using a cocktail of three composite whole human chromosome-specific DNA probes (numbers 2, 4, and 12). A laboratory calibration curve for scoring terminal and/or reciprocal translocations was established for the same radiation quality and dose rate as those used for conventional cytogenetics (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). For dosimetry purposes, it was also important to verify whether FISH painting could be applied to each human blood sample assessed for conventional expertise. For each individual, 2000 metaphases were scored for the presence or absence of reciprocal and terminal translocations. We present here a comparison between the results obtained by the two technologies for each of the cases studied separately. We describe their similarities or differences and discuss the suitability of using FISH painting for routine expertise analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sorokine-Durm
- Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection de la Santé de L'Homme et de Dosimétrie, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Dutruch L, Pascal T, Durand V, Senneron M, Sillion B. Toughening of a High-performance Bis-nadimide Thermoset by Blending with High-Glass Transition Temperature Linear Polyimides. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199701)8:1<8::aid-pat603>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Neurons of the lateral geniculate body in rabbits were excited with drifting sine-wave gratings. Rabbits were anesthetized and paralyzed under conventional methods to record action potentials of single cells using tungsten in glass microelectrodes. All classes of geniculate cells responded in a modulatory pattern. It appears that the unmodulatory pattern typical of complex cell types of the cortex is extremely infrequent or absent. In the spatial domain most cells are low pass and bandpass. Only one unit was high pass. In the temporal domain low-pass and bandpass cells were the most frequently recorded. Four geniculate cells were high pass. It appears, therefore, that neurons of rabbits' geniculate are tuned over spatial and temporal frequencies of sine-wave gratings. The comparison with cortical recordings revealed that geniculate cells are more broadly tuned than cortical neurons. This study suggests that the rabbit's visual system is sensitive to gratings. However cells respond optimally to lower values, e.g., broader gratings, than neurons of frontalized eye animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molotchnikoff
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Neurons of area 17 (V1) in rabbits were stimulated with drifting sine-wave gratings. Animals were anesthetized and paralyzed under conventional methods to record action potentials of single cells using tungsten-in-glass micro-electrodes. Neurons responded in modulatory or unmodulatory patterns depending on whether cells were of the simple or complex type, respectively. In the spatial domain, most cells were Low-Pass and Band-Pass, with no recordings of High-Pass units. In the temporal domain, Low-Pass, Band-Pass and High-Pass behaviours were found. Rabbits appeared to exhibit all types of pattern responses found in other foveate mammals, including special-complex and end-stopping units. However, in the majority of cells, there was a shift towards the lower end of the spatial frequency spectrum. For instance, the optimal spatial frequency was in the vicinity of lc/d while in the temporal domain, some units responded optimally at 10 c/s. In conclusion, it appears that rabbit cortex contain neurons which are selective for spatial frequency in a manner comparable to that seen in cat and monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molotchnikoff
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
A total of 84 Gazella subgutturosa from three captive populations (two in Saudi Arabia, one in Qatar) were karyotyped. The number of chromosomes is 33, 32, or 31 for the males and 32, 31, or 30 for the females because of the X-autosome translocation that is common in the genus and a centric fusion between the two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. The G- and R-banded karyotypes of gazelles translocated show that this fusion is the same as that previously reported for gazelles from Jordan. The precise origin of these populations is not known, but in every case the first animals are said to come from the wild in Saudi Arabia. This chromosomal translocation appears to be a populational polymorphism and not the result of hybridization between two different subspecies of G. subgutturosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vassart
- National Wildlife Research Center, National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Guillemot E, Gary F, Berland H, Berthelot X, Durand V, Darre R, Cribiu E. Effects of the 6/15 Robertsonian Translocation in Saanen Goats. Reprod Domest Anim 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1993.tb00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guillemot E, Gary F, Berland HM, Durand V, Darré R, Cribiu EP. Cytogenetic investigation in Saanen and Alpine artificial insemination bucks. Identification of a Robertsonian translocation. Genet Sel Evol 1991. [PMCID: PMC2711136 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-23-5-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Matejka M, Cribiu E, Ricordeau G, Eychenne F, Durand V, Lajous D, Darré R. Evidence for Rare Heritable Fragile Site in Romanov Sheep Chromosome 8. Reprod Domest Anim 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1990.tb00464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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