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Mylostyvyi R, Lacetera N, Amadori M, Sejian V, Souza-Junior JBF, Hoffmann G. The autumn low milk yield syndrome in Brown Swiss cows in continental climates: hypotheses and facts. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:203-213. [PMID: 37624483 PMCID: PMC10810946 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted globally on the impact of heat stress (HS) on animal health and milk production in dairy cows. In this article, we examine the possible reasons for the decrease in milk production in Brown Swiss (BS) cows during the autumn season, known as the autumn low milk yield syndrome (ALMYS). This condition has been extensively studied in high-yielding Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle and has also been observed in BS cows with a daily milk yield of around 30 kg. Our hypothesis is that the drop in milk yield and the increased prevalence of mastitis in autumn, as found in our recent studies, may be a long-term consequence of summer HS. We re-evaluate our previous findings in light of the possible manifestation of an HS-related form of ALMYS in BS cows. As milk yield, mastitis spread, and reproductive function of cows are interrelated and have seasonal dependence, we examine the consistency of our hypothesis with existing data. The significant drop in milk yield in BS cows in autumn (by 2.0-3.2 kg), as well as the threshold of milk yield decrease (temperature-humidity index of 70.7), may point in favour of the manifestation of ALMYS in BS cows, similar to HF cows. Only the percentage effect of seasonal factor (59.4%; p < 0.05) on milk yield of BS cows was significant. HS-related ALMYS provides a robust conceptual framework for diverse sets of productive and animal health data in BS cows, similar to observations in high-yielding HF cattle. However, the limitations associated with the lack of additional data (e.g. immunological indicators) suggest the need for further research to confirm ALMYS in BS breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mylostyvyi
- Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, 49600, Ukraine
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | | | - Gundula Hoffmann
- Department of Sensors and Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany.
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Wijffels G, Sullivan ML, Stockwell S, Briscoe S, Pearson R, Li Y, Macs AM, Sejian V, McCulloch R, Olm JCW, Cawdell-Smith J, Gaughan JB. Comparing the responses of grain-fed feedlot cattle under moderate heat load and during subsequent recovery with those of feed-restricted thermoneutral counterparts: blood cells and inflammatory markers. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:211-227. [PMID: 38092991 PMCID: PMC10794350 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the climate projections for livestock rearing regions globally, understanding the inflammatory status of livestock under various heat loads will be informative to animal welfare and management. A survey of plasma inflammatory markers was conducted, and blood leucocyte counts followed to investigate the capacity of the ~ 500 kg grain fed Black Angus steer to respond to and recover from a moderate heat load challenge. Two sequential cohorts of 12 steers were housed in climate-controlled rooms (CCR) for 18 days. A thermally challenged (TC) group (n = 2 × 6) experienced five consecutive periods: PreChallenge, Challenge, and Recovery within the CCR, and 40 days in outdoor pens (PENS and Late PENS). PreChallenge (5 days) and Recovery (7 days) delivered thermoneutral conditions, whereas in Challenge the TC steers experienced a diurnal temperature range of 28-35 °C. A feed-restricted thermoneutral (FRTN) treatment (n = 2 × 6) was run concurrently to differentiate between responses to reduced feed intake alone and moderate heat stress. Blood neutrophil counts were particularly sensitive to moderate heat load with higher numbers during Challlenge and in PENs. The plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL-1β were depressed in the TC group compared to the FRTN counterparts and remained so for 40 days after Challenge. Linear relationships of the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and haptoglobin with rumen temperature or dry matter intake detected in the FRTN group were altered or absent in the TC group. The findings suggest significant impacts of moderate heat load on the inflammatory status of feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia.
| | - M L Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - S Stockwell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - S Briscoe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - R Pearson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Y Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - A M Macs
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - V Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - R McCulloch
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - J C W Olm
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J Cawdell-Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
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Velayudhan SM, Yin T, Alam S, Brügemann K, Sejian V, Bhatta R, Schlecht E, König S. Unraveling the Genomic Association for Milk Production Traits and Signatures of Selection of Cattle in a Harsh Tropical Environment. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1483. [PMID: 38132309 PMCID: PMC10740459 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A study was designed to identify the genomic regions associated with milk production traits in a dairy cattle population reared by smallholder farmers in the harsh and challenging tropical savanna climate of Bengaluru, India. This study is a first-of-its-kind attempt to identify the selection sweeps for the dairy cattle breeds reared in such an environment. Two hundred forty lactating dairy cows reared by 68 farmers across the rural-urban transiting regions of Bengaluru were selected for this study. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify candidate genes for test-day milk yield, solids-not-fat (SNF), milk lactose, milk density and clinical mastitis. Furthermore, the cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) methodology was adopted to scan the dairy cattle breeds (Holstein Friesian, Jersey and Crossbred) in Bengaluru. Two SNPs, rs109340659 and rs41571523, were observed to be significantly associated with test-day milk yield. No significant SNPs were observed for the remaining production traits. The GWAS for milk lactose revealed one SNP (rs41634101) that was very close to the threshold limit, though not significant. The potential candidate genes fibrosin-like 1 (FBRSL) and calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 3 (CACN) were identified to be in close proximity to the SNP identified for test-day milk yield. These genes were observed to be associated with milk production traits based on previous reports. Furthermore, the selection signature analysis revealed a number of regions under selection for the breed-group comparisons (Crossbred-HF, Crossbred-J and HF-J). Functional analysis of these annotated genes under selection indicated pathways and mechanisms involving ubiquitination, cell signaling and immune response. These findings point towards the probable selection of dairy cows in Bengaluru for thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (S.M.V.); (T.Y.)
| | - Shahin Alam
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Kerstin Brügemann
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (S.M.V.); (T.Y.)
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Rd, Chennakeshava Nagar, Adugodi, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Rd, Chennakeshava Nagar, Adugodi, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (S.M.V.); (T.Y.)
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Velayudhan SM, Alam S, Yin T, Brügemann K, Buerkert A, Sejian V, Bhatta R, Schlecht E, König S. Selective Sweeps in Cattle Genomes in Response to the Influence of Urbanization and Environmental Contamination. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2083. [PMID: 38003026 PMCID: PMC10671461 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A genomic study was conducted to identify the effects of urbanization and environmental contaminants with heavy metals on selection footprints in dairy cattle populations reared in the megacity of Bengaluru, South India. Dairy cattle reared along the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru with/without access to roughage from public lakeshores were selected. The genotyped animals were subjected to the cross-population-extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) methodology to infer selection sweeps caused by urbanization (rural, mixed, and urban) and environmental contamination with cadmium and lead. We postulated that social-ecological challenges contribute to mechanisms of natural selection. A number of selection sweeps were identified when comparing the genomes of cattle located in rural, mixed, or urban regions. The largest effects were identified on BTA21, displaying pronounced peaks for selection sweeps for all three urbanization levels (urban_vs_rural, urban_vs_mixed and rural_vs_mixed). Selection sweeps are located in chromosomal segments in close proximity to the genes lrand rab interactor 3 (RIN3), solute carrier family 24 member 4 (SLC24A4), tetraspanin 3 (TSPAN3), and proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1). Functional enrichment analyses of the selection sweeps for all three comparisons revealed a number of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG terms, which were associated with reproduction, metabolism, and cell signaling-related functional mechanisms. Likewise, a number of the chromosomal segments under selection were observed when creating cattle groups according to cadmium and lead contaminations. Stronger and more intense positive selection sweeps were observed for the cadmium contaminated group, i.e., signals of selection on BTA 16 and BTA19 in close proximity to genes regulating the somatotropic axis (growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2) and cell ion exchange (chloride voltage-gated channel 6 (CLCN6)). A few novel, so far uncharacterized genes, mostly with effects on immune physiology, were identified. The lead contaminated group revealed sweeps which were annotated with genes involved in carcass traits (TNNC2, SLC12A5, and GABRA4), milk yield (HTR1D, SLCO3A1, TEK, and OPCML), reproduction (GABRA4), hypoxia/stress response (OPRD1 and KDR), cell adhesion (PCDHGC3), inflammatory response (ADORA2A), and immune defense mechanism (ALCAM). Thus, the findings from this study provide a deeper insight into the genomic regions under selection under the effects of urbanization and environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Alam
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Tong Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brügemann
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Rd, Chennakeshava Nagar, Adugodi, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Rd, Chennakeshava Nagar, Adugodi, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21 b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Chauhan SS, Zhang M, Osei-Amponsah R, Clarke I, Sejian V, Warner R, Dunshea FR. Impact of heat stress on ruminant livestock production and meat quality, and strategies for amelioration. Anim Front 2023; 13:60-68. [PMID: 37841767 PMCID: PMC10575297 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Richard Osei-Amponsah
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Iain Clarke
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - Robyn Warner
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Shashank CG, Prashant RG, Kumar P, Kulkarni NA, Tiwari M, Jayakumar S, Sejian V. Comparative assessment of growth performance of indigenous and cross-bred calves subjected to combined stressors (heat and nutritional). Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:1435-1450. [PMID: 37418176 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of combined stressors (heat and nutritional stresses) on the growth and adaptive capability of Sahiwal (SW) and Karan Fries (KF) calves during the summer season. Calves in each breed were randomly divided into four groups. In SW breed the groupings were as follows: SWC (n = 4; Sahiwal Control); SWHS (n = 4; Sahiwal Heat Stress); SWNS (n = 4; Sahiwal Nutritional Stress) and SWCS (n = 4; Sahiwal Combined Stresses). Likewise, in the KF breed, KFC (n = 4; Karan Fries Control); KFHS (n = 4; Karan Fries Heat Stress); KFNS (n = 4; Karan Fries Nutritional Stress), and KFCS (n = 4; Karan Fries Combined Stresses). Control (C) and Heat Stress (HS) calves were fed ad libitum while Nutritional Stress (NS) and Combined Stresses (CS) calves were fed restricted feed (50% of C calves of respective breed) to induce nutritional stress in both the breeds. SWHS, SWCS, KFHS, and KFCS were exposed to summer heat stress from 1000 to 1600 h. All growth and adaptation variables were recorded at fortnightly intervals. Respiration rate, pulse rate, and rectal temperature during the afternoon were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the CS group in both breeds. Further, CS had significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels. Insulin-like growth factor-1, Triiodothyronine, and Thyroxine levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the CS group in both breeds. Interestingly, heat stress didn't affect SWHS and KFHS bodyweight, however, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight of SWCS and KFCS was observed when compared with C. Hepatic mRNA expression of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and growth hormone receptor significantly (P < 0.05) varied when compared between C and CS groups in both the breeds. The overall magnitude of stress was more pronounced in KF compared to the SW breed. This study concludes that when two stressors occur concurrently, they may have a greater influence on the adaptive capability of calves. Further, SW had better tolerance levels than KF, confirming the indigenous breed's superiority over cross-bred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Shashank
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - R G Prashant
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish A Kulkarni
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Jayakumar
- ICAR-National National Bureau of Animal Genetics Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Audugodi, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
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Tüfekci H, Sejian V. Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2769. [PMID: 37685033 PMCID: PMC10486368 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Products obtained from sheep have an economically important place in the world. Their adaptability to different climatic conditions, their ease of care and feeding, their high utilization of poor pasture areas with low yield and quality, the ease of flock management, their high twinning rate, and their short intergenerational period are some of the advantages of sheep production. Sheep production has the ability to adapt better to environmental stress factors, as can be understood from the presence of sheep in different geographical regions at a global level. However, the changes in environmental conditions and production cause some negative results in animals. All these negative results expose animals to various stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, weaning, etc.). All stress factors that directly and indirectly affect sheep production ultimately lead to compromised performance, decreased productivity, increased mortality, and adverse effects on the immune system. In order to cope with the current stress parameters in animals and to achieve optimum production, a holistic approach is needed according to the environmental conditions and available resources. It is important to consider the factors involved in these responses in order to manage these processes correctly and to develop adequate strategies and improve sheep welfare. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Tüfekci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Pondicherry 605009, India;
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Sharma D, Kaniamuthan S, Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Sivaram M, Rajendran D, Wankhade PR, Sejian V, Banu S. Seasonal, physiological and bacteriological risk factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows maintained under different farming conditions. J DAIRY RES 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37417295 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major health problem of dairy animals in India and across the globe. An identification of potential risk factors of SCM can help for efficient udder health management in dairy animals. In this study, apparently healthy cows (HF crossbred: n = 45; Deoni: n = 43) were screened for SCM during different seasons through milk somatic cell count (SCC: reference test using 200 × 103 cells/ml as cut off value), California mastitis test (CMT) and differential electrical conductivity (DEC) test at an organized research farm. SCM positive milk samples (n = 34) were inoculated in selective media for Coliform sp., Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. and DNA was isolated (n = 10) for species confirmation by 16s rRNA method. Both bivariate and multivariate models were used for risk assessment. We found the cumulative prevalence of 31 and 65% SCM in Deoni and crossbred cows, respectively. Screening of 328 crossbred cows under field conditions revealed point prevalence of 55% SCM. Multivariate analysis revealed stage of lactation (SOL), milk yield in previous lactation and test day milk yield in Deoni cows, as well as parity and mastitis treatment history in current lactation in HF crossbred cows as risk factors. SOL was a significant factor under field conditions. Receiver operated characteristic curve analysis revealed better accuracy of CMT than DEC. We found more mixed infections due to Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. in culture, while 16s rRNA based molecular method revealed lesser-known pathogens associated with SCM. It is concluded that SCM prevalence rate is higher in crossbred than indigenous cows and these breeds have different risk factors for SCM. HF crossbred cows had similar SCM prevalence rate under different farming conditions, where CMT can be used for SCM diagnosis with excellent accuracy. The 16s rRNA method is useful for specific identification of lesser known and emerging mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Kaniamuthan
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayyasamy Manimaran
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Muniandy Sivaram
- Economics and Statistics Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Duraisamy Rajendran
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik Ramesh Wankhade
- Livestock Production Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sughra Banu
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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McManus C, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Sejian V, Blackburn H. Bibliographic mapping for heat tolerance in pigs and poultry. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:256. [PMID: 37395815 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance, especially under climate change scenarios, plays an increasingly import factor in pig and chicken production. We therefore evaluated bibliographic mapping of citation, co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation and bibliographic coupling for heat tolerance, and these species. Data was obtained from Scopus (Elsevier) and analysed in Vosviewer. We found a total of 2023 documents from 102 countries, of which 10 countries account for 50% of the publications (USA, China, Brazil, Iran, India, UK, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and Australia). While heat tolerance is important worldwide, Global South countries, especially China, have become more prominent in publishing on this topic in recent years. Researchers from South America appear relatively isolated using the metrics of this study, with no clear explanation why. We speculate funding for research and publication may be a governing factor. The literature reviewed suggests an emphasis on mitigation strategies that include nutrition and genetics. An emphasis in poultry, especially Gallus gallus was observed and suggests more attention is needed on other species (for example, ducks and turkey). Biases in the analysis could arise due to lack of citations from recent papers, those not indexed in Scopus or in other languages. The paper advances understanding tendencies in this field of research and may point to future actions for policy makers addressing animal production and climate change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepta McManus
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Catedra Paschoal Senise, Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da USP, Rua da Reitoria, 374 - 4º Andar - CEP 05508-220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Pimentel
- CEUB, 707/907 - Campus Universitário - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70790-075, Brazil
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Harvey Blackburn
- USDA-ARS, Agricultural Genetic Resources Preservation Research: Fort Collins, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan S, Sejian V, Devaraj C, Manjunathareddy GB, Ruban W, Kadam V, König S, Bhatta R. Novel Insights to Assess Climate Resilience in Goats Using a Holistic Approach of Skin-Based Advanced NGS Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10319. [PMID: 37373465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel study was conducted to elucidate heat-stress responses on a number of hair- and skin-based traits in two indigenous goat breeds using a holistic approach that considered a number of phenotypic and genomic variables. The two goat breeds, Kanni Aadu and Kodi Aadu, were subjected to a simulated heat-stress study using the climate chambers. Four groups consisting of six goats each (KAC, Kaani Aadu control; KAH, Kanni Aadu heat stress; KOC, Kodi Aadu control; and KOH, Kodi Aadu heat stress) were considered for the study. The impact of heat stress on caprine skin tissue along with a comparative assessment of the thermal resilience of the two goat breeds was assessed. The variables considered were hair characteristics, hair cortisol, hair follicle quantitative PCR (qPCR), sweating (sweating rate and active sweat gland measurement), skin histometry, skin-surface infrared thermography (IRT), skin 16S rRNA V3-V4 metagenomics, skin transcriptomics, and skin bisulfite sequencing. Heat stress significantly influenced the hair fiber characteristics (fiber length) and hair follicle qPCR profile (Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, and HSP110). Significantly higher sweating rate, activated sweat gland number, skin epithelium, and sweat gland number (histometry) were observed in heat stressed goats. The skin microbiota was also observed to be significantly altered due to heat stress, with a relatively higher alteration being noticed in Kanni Aadu goats than in Kodi Aadi goats. Furthermore, the transcriptomics and epigenetics analysis also pointed towards the significant impact of heat stress at the cellular and molecular levels in caprine skin tissue. The higher proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) along with higher differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in Kanni Aadu goats due to heat stress when compared to Kodi Aadu goats pointed towards the better resilience of the latter breed. A number of established skin, adaptation, and immune-response genes were also observed to be significantly expressed/methylated. Additionally, the influence of heat stress at the genomic level was also predicted to result in significant functional alterations. This novel study thereby highlights the impact of heat stress on the caprine skin tissue and also the difference in thermal resilience exhibited by the two indigenous goat breeds, with Kodi Aadu goats being more resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Pondicherry 605008, India
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - Chinnasamy Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India
| | | | - Wilfred Ruban
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, Hebbal Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vinod Kadam
- Textile Manufacturing and Textile Chemistry Division, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura 304501, India
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India
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Thirunavukkarasu D, Jothilakshmi M, Silpa M, Sejian V. Factors Driving Adoption of Climatic Risk MitigatingTechnologies with Special Reference to Goat Farming in India: Evidence from Meta-analysis. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Malik P, Trivedi S, Kolte A, Sejian V, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Diversity of rumen microbiota using metagenome sequencing and methane yield in Indian sheep fed on straw and concentrate diet. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103345. [PMID: 35770269 PMCID: PMC9234715 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were most prevalent bacteria in the sheep rumen. Bacteroidetes were negatively correlated with the Euryarchaeota. Archaea constituted ∼2.5% of the ruminal microbiota. Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii constituted > 50% of the ruminal archaea. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens distribution leads to the variability in methane yield.
An in vivo study aiming to investigate the rumen methanogens community structure was conducted in Mandya sheep fed on straw and concentrate diet. The ruminal fluid samples were collected and processed for unravelling the rumen microbiota and methanogens diversity. Further, the daily enteric methane emission and methane yield was also quantified using the SF6 tracer technique. Results indicated that the Bacteroidetes (∼57%) and Firmicutes (25%) were two prominent affiliates of the bacterial community. Archaea represented about 2.5% of the ruminal microbiota. Methanobacteriales affiliated methanogens were the most prevalent in sheep rumen. The study inveterate that the ruminal archaea community in sheep is composed of 9 genera and 18 species. Methanobrevibacter represented the largest genus of the archaeome, while methylotrophs genera constituted only 13% of the community. Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii was the prominent methanogen, and Methaobrevibacter ruminantium distributed at a lower frequency (∼2.5%). Among Methanomassiliicoccales, Group 12 sp. ISO4-H5 constituted the most considerable fraction (∼11%). KEGG reference pathway for methane metabolism indicated the formation of methane through hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways, whereas the acetoclastic pathway was not functional in sheep. The enteric methane emission and methane yield was 19.7 g/d and 20.8 g/kg DMI, respectively. Various species of Methanobrevibacter were differently correlated, and the distribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogens mainly explained the variability in methane yield between the individual sheep. It can be inferred from the study that the hydrogenotrophic methanogens dominate the rumen archaeal community in sheep and methylotrophic/aceticlastic methanogens represent a minor fraction of the community. Further studies are warranted for establishing the metabolic association between the prevalent hydrogenotrophs and methylotrophs to identify the key reaction for reducing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.K. Malik
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - S. Trivedi
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - A.P. Kolte
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Director, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - H. Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Deb R, Fonsêca VDFC, Payan-Carreira R, Sejian V, Lees AM. Editorial: Genetic Basis of Thermoregulation in Livestock. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:839612. [PMID: 35359680 PMCID: PMC8963349 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.839612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Deb
- Animal Health Division, ICAR-National Research Center on Pig, Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Rajib Deb
| | | | - Rita Payan-Carreira
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Evora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Angela M. Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Devapriya A, Sejian V, Ruban W, Devaraj C, Spandan P, Silpa M, Reshma Nair M, Nameer P, Bhatta R. Analysis of carcass traits and quantitative expression patterns of different meat quality governing genes during heat stress exposure in indigenous goats. Food Chem (Oxf) 2021; 3:100052. [PMID: 35415654 PMCID: PMC8991526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the impact of heat stress on various carcass traits, meat quality variables and gene expression patterns which governs meat quality in indigenous female Kodi Aadu breed. The study was conducted for 45 days in climate chamber with 12 animals randomly allocated into two groups of six animals each, KC (n = 6; Female; Control), KHS (n = 6; Female; heat stress). Majority of the major carcass traits and meat quality variables remained intact between KC and KHS groups. The myostatin (MSTN), calpain 1 (CAPN1) and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) mRNA expression patterns were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in KHS group as compared to KC group. However, the calpain 2 (CAPN2), calpastatin (CAST) and Crytallin alpha (CRYA) mRNA expression patterns were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in KHS group. Thus, the study established that the major carcass traits and meat quality variables remained intact after heat stress exposure in female Kodi Aadu goats. Further, MSTN, HSP27, CRYA and HSP90 genes were identified as biomarkers for reflecting meat quality during heat stress exposure in female Kodi Aadu breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Devapriya
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - W. Ruban
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, Hebbal Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, India
| | - C. Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - P.V. Spandan
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, Hebbal Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, India
| | - M.V. Silpa
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - M.R. Reshma Nair
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - P.O. Nameer
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
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Carvajal MA, Alaniz AJ, Gutiérrez-Gómez C, Vergara PM, Sejian V, Bozinovic F. Increasing importance of heat stress for cattle farming under future global climate scenarios. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149661. [PMID: 34467908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, livestock species have been severely affected by heat stress because of increasing temperatures, which has threatened animal welfare and decreased production. Based on thermal comfort indices and ensemble climate projections, we analyzed the current and future global spatiotemporal patterns of the heat exposure of cattle in 10 agroclimatic zones. The results show that ~7% of the global cattle population is currently exposed to dangerous heat conditions. This percentage is projected to increase to ~48% before 2100 under a scenario of growing emissions. Tropical agroclimatic zones are expected to face an early increase in the exposure to intense heat before 2050. Heat exposure was negatively correlated with the socioeconomic variables, showing that poor and livestock-dependent tropical countries are the most affected. Our results demonstrate the near-future consequences of heat stress on livestock, emphasizing the limited time available to implement effective abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto J Alaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente, Ecogeografía, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo M Vergara
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Chile
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore-560030, India
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
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Bagath M, Sejian V, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Afsal A, Vandana G, Soren N, Rajendran D. Phenotypic and genotypic traits governing adaptive capacity of indigenous Salem Black goats subjected to protein energy alterations in the diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nair MRR, Sejian V, Silpa MV, Fonsêca VFC, de Melo Costa CC, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Nameer PO, Bhatta R. Goat as the ideal climate-resilient animal model in tropical environment: revisiting advantages over other livestock species. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:2229-2240. [PMID: 34363136 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the agriculture sector, livestock are considered extremely resilient to climate change and are tipped to play a significant role in ensuring food security to meet the increased demands of growing human population by 2050. Compared to other domestic species, goats are considered the ideal animal model for climate change due to its high thermal and drought resilience, ability to survive on limited pastures, and high disease resistance. This review is therefore a revisit to the advantages of rearing goats over other livestock species under current and future trends of changes in climate, particularly to cope with recurrent multiple stressors such as heat load, and lack of water and feed. In summary, goats, also called as poor man's cow, are preferred by the small-scale landless farmers due to their low input and assured higher output system, as they require low initial investment, with minimum specialized facilities and labors. Furthermore, they perceive goats as better resilient animal to cope with multiple stressors such as heat load, and water and feed scarcity, and possess better skills to cope with bush, when compared with sheep and cattle. The unique capacity for employing behavioral plasticity and morphological features of goats gives them clear advantage over sheep and cattle, when coping with seasonal biotopes, and experiences of water and feed shortage. When facing with low-quality feed, they also are superior to cattle and sheep to digest dry matter and to recycle nitrogen. Additionally, goats have superior ability to desiccate feces and concentrate urine, when compared with sheep and cattle. These advantages make goat the go-to species for efficiently countering the adversities associated with climate change and to optimize appropriate economic return through sustained production. Therefore, goats are tipped to be the future animals with extreme potential to counter the projected alarming climate change impacts and expected to play a significant role in ensuring food security to meet the demands of the growing human population by the end of this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Reshma Nair
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - M V Silpa
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - V F C Fonsêca
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58 397 000, Brazil
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - C C de Melo Costa
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - G Krishnan
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - M Bagath
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - P O Nameer
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
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Abhijith A, Sejian V, Ruban W, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Pragna P, Manjunathareddy G, Bhatta R. Summer season induced heat stress associated changes on meat production and quality characteristics, myostatin and HSP70 gene expression patterns in indigenous goat. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elayadeth-Meethal M, Thazhathu Veettil A, Asaf M, Pramod S, Maloney SK, Martin GB, Rivero MJ, Sejian V, Naseef PP, Kuruniyan MS, Lee MRF. Comparative Expression Profiling and Sequence Characterization of ATP1A1 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Tropically Adapted Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2368. [PMID: 34438824 PMCID: PMC8388727 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an imminent threat to livestock production. One adaptation strategy is selection for heat tolerance. While it is established that the ATP1A1 gene and its product play an important role in the response to many stressors, there has been no attempt to characterize the sequence or to perform expression profiling of the gene in production animals. We undertook a field experiment to compare the expression profiles of ATP1A1 in heat-tolerant Vechur and Kasaragod cattle (Bos taurus indicus) with the profile of a heat-susceptible crossbreed (B. t. taurus × B. t. indicus). The cattle were exposed to heat stress while on pasture in the hot summer season. The environmental stress was quantified using the temperature humidity index (THI), while the heat tolerance of each breed was assessed using a heat tolerance coefficient (HTC). The ATP1A1 mRNA of Vechur cattle was amplified from cDNA and sequenced. The HTC varied significantly between the breeds and with time-of-day (p < 0.01). The breed-time-of-day interaction was also significant (p < 0.01). The relative expression of ATP1A1 differed between heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible breeds (p = 0.02). The expression of ATP1A1 at 08:00, 10:00 and 12:00, and the breed-time-of-day interaction, were not significant. The nucleotide sequence of Vechur ATP1A1 showed 99% homology with the B. t. taurus sequence. The protein sequence showed 98% homology with B. t. taurus cattle and with B. grunniens (yak) and 97.7% homology with Ovis aries (sheep). A molecular clock analysis revealed evidence of divergent adaptive evolution of the ATP1A1 gene favoring climate resilience in Vechur cattle. These findings further our knowledge of the relationship between the ATP1A1 gene and heat tolerance in phenotypically incongruent animals. We propose that ATP1A1 could be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) for heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India;
- Livestock Research Station, Thiruvazhamkunnu, Palakkad 678601, Kerala, India;
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Aravindakshan Thazhathu Veettil
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics and Breeding, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 680651, Kerala, India;
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India;
| | | | - Shane K. Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Graeme B. Martin
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi 560030, Bangalore, India;
| | | | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael R. F. Lee
- School of Sustainable Food and Farming, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport TF10 8NB, UK;
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Mohapatra A, Kolte AP, Sejian V, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparison of enteric methane yield and diversity of ruminal methanogens in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256048. [PMID: 34379691 PMCID: PMC8357158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vivo study was conducted to compare the enteric methane emissions and diversity of ruminal methanogens in cattle and buffaloes kept in the same environment and fed on the same diet. Six cattle and six buffaloes were fed on a similar diet comprising Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) green grass and concentrate in 70:30. After 90 days of feeding, the daily enteric methane emissions were quantified by using the SF6 technique and ruminal fluid samples from animals were collected for the diversity analysis. The daily enteric methane emissions were significantly greater in cattle as compared to buffaloes; however, methane yields were not different between the two species. Methanogens were ranked at different taxonomic levels against the Rumen and Intestinal Methanogen-Database. The archaeal communities in both host species were dominated by the phylum Euryarchaeota; however, Crenarchaeota represented <1% of the total archaea. Methanogens affiliated with Methanobacteriales were most prominent and their proportion did not differ between the two hosts. Methanomicrobiales and Methanomassillicoccales constituted the second largest group of methanogens in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Methanocellales (Methanocella arvoryza) were exclusively detected in the buffaloes. At the species level, Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii had the highest abundance (55-57%) in both the host species. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter wolinii between the two hosts differed significantly. Methanosarcinales, the acetoclastic methanogens were significantly greater in cattle than the buffaloes. It is concluded that the ruminal methane yield in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet did not differ. With the diet used in this study, there was a limited influence (<3.5%) of the host on the structure of the ruminal archaea community at the species level. Therefore, the methane mitigation strategies developed in either of the hosts should be effective in the other. Further studies are warranted to reveal the conjunctive effect of diet and geographical locations with the host on ruminal archaea community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Malik
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Trivedi
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A. Mohapatra
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A. P. Kolte
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
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Umaya SR, Vijayalakshmi YC, Sejian V. Exploration of plant products and phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity in broiler chicken production: Present status. Toxicon 2021; 200:55-68. [PMID: 34228958 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a class of mycotoxins produced by the toxigenic Aspergillus fungi and are common contaminants of foods and feeds. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most potent aflatoxin, is well characterized to reduce productive performance and mortality in broilers. This exclusive review summarizes the efficacy of various plant products and phytochemicals to counteract AFB1 toxicity in broilers. The biochemical and molecular mode of action of AFB1 to induce liver damage, genotoxicity, immunosuppression and the protective effect of plant products against such mechanisms and their toxic effects are discussed. The link between antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective functions of plant products; oxidative stress and AFB1 macromolecular adducts mediated AFB1 toxicity are covered. Efficacy of Satureja khuzistanica, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Thymus vulgaris, Sauropsus androgynus, Hemidesmus indicus, Leucas aspera, Moringa oleifera, Eclipta alba, Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum, Urtica dioica, and citrus fruit are summarized. The anti-aflatoxic effect of water-soluble substances of wheat, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and phytochemicals like thymol, carvarol, piperine, transcinnamaldehyde, resveratrol, curcumin, and silymarin are also discussed. Specific plant products and phytochemicals are shown to be effective against AF toxicity in broilers and could represent an important tool to reduce health and economic losses associated with AFB1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi R Umaya
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India.
| | - Y C Vijayalakshmi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
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22
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Chauhan SS, Rashamol VP, Bagath M, Sejian V, Dunshea FR. Impacts of heat stress on immune responses and oxidative stress in farm animals and nutritional strategies for amelioration. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1231-1244. [PMID: 33496873 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the greatest challenges for the global livestock industries as increased environmental temperature and humidity compromises animal production during summer leading to devastating economic consequences. Over the last 30 years, significant developments have been achieved in cooling and provision of shade and shelter to mitigate heat stress reducing some of the losses associated with heat stress in farm animals. However, the recent increase in the incidence of heat waves which are also becoming more severe and lasting longer, due to climate change, further accentuates the problem of heat stress. Economic losses associated with heat stress are both direct due to loss in production and animal life, and indirect due to poorer quality products as a result of poor animal health and welfare. Animal health is affected due to impaired immune responses and increased reactive oxygen species production and/or deficiency of antioxidants during heat stress leading to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidants and resultant oxidative stress. Research over the last 20 years has achieved partial success in understanding the intricacies of heat stress impacts on oxidative stress and immune responses and developing interventions to ameliorate impacts of heat stress, improving immune responses and farm animal health. This paper reviews the body of knowledge on heat stress impacts on immune response in farm animals. The impacts of heat stress on both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses have been discussed identifying the shift in immune response from cell-mediated towards humoral response, thereby weakening the immune status of the animal. Both species and breed differences have been identified as influencing how heat stress impacts the immune status of farm animals. In addition, crosstalk signaling between the immune system and oxidative stress has been considered and the role of antioxidants as potential nutritional strategies to mitigate heat stress has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - V P Rashamol
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Silpa MV, König S, Sejian V, Malik PK, Nair MRR, Fonseca VFC, Maia ASC, Bhatta R. Climate-Resilient Dairy Cattle Production: Applications of Genomic Tools and Statistical Models. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625189. [PMID: 33996959 PMCID: PMC8117237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current changing climate trend poses a threat to the productive efficacy and welfare of livestock across the globe. This review is an attempt to synthesize information pertaining to the applications of various genomic tools and statistical models that are available to identify climate-resilient dairy cows. The different functional and economical traits which govern milk production play a significant role in determining the cost of milk production. Thus, identification of these traits may revolutionize the breeding programs to develop climate-resilient dairy cattle. Moreover, the genotype–environment interaction also influences the performance of dairy cattle especially during a challenging situation. The recent advancement in molecular biology has led to the development of a few biotechnological tools and statistical models like next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray technology, whole transcriptome analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which can be used to quantify the molecular mechanisms which govern the climate resilience capacity of dairy cows. Among these, the most preferred option for researchers around the globe was GWAS as this approach jointly takes into account all the genotype, phenotype, and pedigree information of farm animals. Furthermore, selection signatures can also help to demarcate functionally important regions in the genome which can be used to detect potential loci and candidate genes that have undergone positive selection in complex milk production traits of dairy cattle. These identified biomarkers can be incorporated in the existing breeding policies using genomic selection to develop climate-resilient dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan Silpa
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany.,Center for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Center for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Malik
- Center for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Mini Ravi Reshma Nair
- Center for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinicius F C Fonseca
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil.,Brain Function Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alex Sandro Campos Maia
- Innovation Group of Thermal Comfort and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Center for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Kashyap S, Shivakumar N, Sejian V, Deutz NEP, Preston T, Sreeman S, Devi S, Kurpad AV. Goat milk protein digestibility in relation to intestinal function. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:845-853. [PMID: 33677496 PMCID: PMC8023838 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk is an important high-quality animal protein source in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although the true ileal digestibility and absorption of milk has been shown to be high in French adults, this may be lower in individuals from LMICs who are at risk of environmental enteropathy. OBJECTIVE To determine the true ileal indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility of intrinsically labeled goat milk protein in South Indian women of reproductive age (WRA), using the dual-isotope tracer technique, and to measure intestinal absorption of amino acid and inert sugar in the same participants using L-allo-isoleucine and a dual-sugar assay. METHODS Milk with 2H-labeled protein collected from a lactating goat fed intrinsically 2H-labeled fodder (maize and cowpea) was spray dried. Labeled milk protein was administered in a plateau feeding protocol to WRA with normal BMI, in whom urinary lactulose and mannitol recovery and the lactulose/mannitol ratio (LMR) were measured, to determine its true ileal IAA digestibility by the dual-isotope tracer technique with a reference U-13C-amino acid mixture. A phenylalanine absorption index was calculated from the plasma to meal ratio of 13C9 phenylalanine within the digestibility protocol. On a separate day, the allo-isoleucine absorption index was estimated from the ratio of plasma allo-isoleucine enrichments after oral 13C6-15N-L- and intravenous 2H10-L-allo-isoleucine administration. RESULTS The means ± SDs of true ileal IAA digestibility of goat milk protein, lactulose and mannitol recovery, LMR, allo-isoleucine and phenylalanine absorption index were 94.0 ± 2.9%, 0.09 ± 0.03%, 7.9 ± 2.3%, 0.012 ± 0.004, 88.4 ± 3.8% and 24.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. The LMR correlated with the allo-isoleucine absorption index (rs = -0.93, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION The true ileal digestibility of goat milk protein in South Indian WRA with normal intestinal absorptive function and integrity was comparable to earlier estimates in healthy French adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Kashyap
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Nirupama Shivakumar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR—National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Scotland, UK
| | - Sheshshayee Sreeman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
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25
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Sejian V, Silpa MV, Reshma Nair MR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Bhatta R. Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041021. [PMID: 33916619 PMCID: PMC8065958 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats' welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Mini R. Reshma Nair
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara 680656, India
| | - Chinnasamy Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Rajendran U. Suganthi
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Vinicius F. C. Fonseca
- Innovation Group of Biometeorology and Animal Welfare, Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil;
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - John B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
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26
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Vandana GD, Sejian V, Lees AM, Pragna P, Silpa MV, Maloney SK. Heat stress and poultry production: impact and amelioration. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:163-179. [PMID: 33025116 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the poultry industry is gaining significant importance among the agricultural and its allied sectors. However, heat stress was found to negatively affect the poultry production particularly in the tropical regions. This review is therefore an attempt to generate information pertaining to the impacts of heat stress on poultry production and its amelioration. Heat stress reduces the growth, reproductive performance, and egg production in poultry birds. The reduction in productive potential of poultry birds on exposure to heat stress may be attributed to the deviation of energy resources from production to adaptation pathway. There are different approaches pertaining to relieving the adverse impacts of heat stress on poultry production. These approaches can be broadly categorized under genetic, management, and nutritional strategies. These approaches may reduce the negative effects of heat stress and enhance the productive performance of poultry birds. The management strategies include appropriate shelter design, providing shade, using sprinklers, implementing cooling devices, and using fans and ventilation systems. The recommended floor space for mature birds weighing 1.7 kg is 0.06 m2/bird while it is 0.13 m2/bird for the birds weighing 3.5 kg with 27.8 kg/m2 bird density in either case. The nutritional interventions comprise ration balancing and providing essential micronutrients to improve the productive and reproductive performance in poultry birds. Fat, antioxidants, yeast, and electrolyte supplementations are some of the most commonly used nutritional strategies to ensure optimum production in the poultry industry. Furthermore, providing adequate water supply and disease surveillance measures may help to ensure optimum meat and egg production in the birds. The advanced biotechnological tools may aid to identify suitable genetic markers in poultry birds which might help in developing new strains of higher thermo-tolerance by designing suitable breeding program involving marker-assisted selection. These strategies may help to optimize and sustain poultry production in the changing climate scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Vandana
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, 560030, Bangalore, India.
| | - A M Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - P Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Dookie Campus, Dookie College, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3647, Australia
| | - M V Silpa
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Shane K Maloney
- The School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Jisha N, Girish Varma G, Gleeja V, Prasad A, Beena V, Karthiayini K, Sejian V. Annual temperature profile of Thrissur: a climate change perspective. J Vet Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.51966/jvas.2021.52.1.26-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Francis JR, Javvaji PK, Dhali A, Kolte AP, Roy SC, Giridhar K, Sejian V. Seasonal variations in quality, preservability and fertilizing ability of ovine spermatozoa. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1566988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rabinson Francis
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Krishna Javvaji
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sudhir C. Roy
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kandalam Giridhar
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- OMICS Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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29
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Javvaji PK, Dhali A, Francis JR, Kolte AP, Roy SC, Selvaraju S, Mech A, Sejian V. IGF-1 treatment during in vitro maturation improves developmental potential of ovine oocytes through the regulation of PI3K/Akt and apoptosis signaling. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:798-805. [PMID: 32293977 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1752703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of the insulin-like grow factor 1 (IGF-1) treatment during in vitro maturation on the gene expression and developmental ability of ovine oocytes. Ovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in vitro without (control) or with the supplementation of IGF-1 (100 ng/ml) and then subjected to in vitro fertilization and culture. The rate of oocyte maturation and embryo development was recorded and expression of the selected genes (involved in the PI3K/Akt and apoptosis signaling) was assessed in the matured oocytes. The IGF-1 treatment significantly (p < .05) improved the oocyte maturation rate (%) as compared to the control (81.5 ± 2.40 vs. 73.6 ± 0.94). Similarly, as compared to the control, the IGF-1 treatment significantly (p < .05) improved the rate (%) of cleavage (54.7 ± 1.58 vs. 67.2 ± 3.65) and the formation of 4-8 cell embryos (30.7 ± 2.89 vs. 44.1 ± 4.01) and morula (20.7 ± 2.08 vs. 32.8 ± 2.78). The IGF-1 treatment significantly (p < .05) upregulated the expression of IGF1R, PI3KR1, AKT1 and BCL2 and downregulated the expression of GSK3β, FOXO3 and CASP9 in the matured oocytes. In conclusion, the IGF-1 treatment significantly improved the developmental competence of ovine oocytes through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt and apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Krishna Javvaji
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Joseph Rabinson Francis
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atul P Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sudhir C Roy
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anjumoni Mech
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Madhusoodan AP, Bagath M, Sejian V, Krishnan G, Rashamol VP, Savitha ST, Awachat VB, Bhatta R. Summer season induced changes in quantitative expression patterns of different heat shock response genes in Salem black goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2725-2730. [PMID: 32144656 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts of elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing heat shock response which imparts thermo-tolerance ability to indigenous breeds are very scanty. Therefore, a study was conducted with the primary objective to determine the impact of heat stress on the expression pattern of different heat shock response genes in the hepatic tissues of indigenous Salem Black goat. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days in twelve 1-year-old female Salem Black breed goats. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups of six animals each, C (n = 6; Salem Black control) and HS (n = 6; Salem Black heat stress). The C animals were maintained in the shed in comfort condition while HS animals were exposed outside to summer heat stress between 10:00 h to 16:00 h during experimental period. The animals were slaughtered at the end of study and their liver samples were collected for assessing the different heat shock response genes. Based on the results obtained from the study it was established that the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, super oxide dismutase (SOD), nitrous oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) genes were significantly (P < 0.05) down regulated. However, heat stress did not influence the expression pattern of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) gene. The lower level of expression of all heat shock response genes may be due to less magnitude of heat stress in the study to induce cellular stress response in Salem Black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Madhusoodan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.,ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar Campus, Mukteshwar, India
| | - M Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - V Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - G Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - V P Rashamol
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - S T Savitha
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.,Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - V B Awachat
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
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Abstract
Animal biometeorology (insects excluded) has been part of the International Journal of Biometeorology since its inception in 1958. Over the first 60 years of the journal, 480 animal biometeorology papers were published. Thus, approximately 14% of published papers dealt with animals. Over the first 60 years, data from more than 50 animal species was presented, with the lead authors coming from 48 countries. The two most common species used in animal papers between 1957 and 2016 were cattle (109 papers: 22.7% of all animal papers) and rats (96 papers: 20.0% of all animal papers). Although cattle and rats dominated, the species in the most cited paper (240 citations) was chickens, followed by bird migration (155 citations), and general livestock (118 citations). Overall, five papers exceeded 100 citations, and a further two exceeded 200 citations. In the last decade, 126 animal papers were published (26% of all animal papers). Many of these papers had a focus on livestock production in developing countries especially Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, QLD, Gatton, Australia.
| | - Angela M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, QLD, Gatton, Australia
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Audugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
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Lees AM, Lees JC, Sejian V, Sullivan ML, Gaughan JB. Influence of shade on panting score and behavioural responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle to heat load. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Feedlot cattle can be negatively impacted by hot conditions, such that they have reduced performance and wellbeing. This study was conducted at the research feedlot located at The University of Queensland during a southern hemisphere summer (October to April).
Aims
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade on the behaviour and panting score of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle during summer.
Methods
Thirty-six steers (12 Angus, 12 Charolais and 12 Brahman) with an initial non-fasted liveweight of 318.5 ± 6.7 kg were used in a 154-day feedlot study consisting of two treatments: unshaded and shaded (3 m2/animal). Observational data were obtained for each steer at 2 h intervals between 0600 and 1800 hours daily from Day 1 to Day 154. Additional night time observational data were collected at 2-h intervals between 2000 and 0400 hours on 12 occasions. Data collected included activity (feeding, drinking, or ruminating), posture (standing or lying) and panting score. Panting scores were used to calculate a mean panting score for each breed × treatment group. Observational data were converted to a count for each breed × treatment group for each observation time point and were analysed using a binomial generalised linear model.
Key results
Maximum shade utilisation was the greatest at 1200 hours for Angus (85.5%), Charolais (32.7%) and Brahman (33.3%) steers. All breed × treatment groups exhibited a notable increase in mean panting score as heat load increased. Average increase in mean panting score was 0.36, where shaded Brahman exhibited the smallest increase (0.13) and unshaded Angus had the greatest increase (0.71). When heat load conditions were very hot (heat load index (HLI) ≥ 86) the mean panting score of all breed × treatment groups differed (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Overall these results emphasise the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle, irrespective of genotype.
Implications
These results further highlight the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle. These results challenge the general perception that Bos indicus feedlot cattle do not require access to heat load alleviation strategies.
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Savitha ST, Kumar VG, Rashamol VP, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Quantitative analysis of expression patterns of different cell surface Toll-like receptor genes imparting heat stress resilience to indigenous Osmanabadi and Salem Black goat breeds. JABB 2020. [DOI: 10.31893/jabb.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sira Tulasiramu Savitha
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkataswamy Girish Kumar
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, India
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinnasamy Devaraj
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- AICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560030, Karnataka, India
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Aleena J, Sejian V, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Pragna P, Bhatta R. Heat stress impact on blood biochemical response and plasma aldosterone level in three different indigenous goat breeds. JABB 2020. [DOI: 10.31893/jabb.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Aleena
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Prathap Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
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Inbaraj S, Sejian V, Ramasamy S. Role of environmental stressor-host immune system–pathogen interactions in development of infectious disease in farm animals. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1695084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of microbiology and immunology, Post-doctoral research fellow, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Arun A, Sejian V, Bhatta R. Comparative assessment of adaptive capabilities of wild and captive Indian sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) based on rhythmic changes in biochemical response. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1685215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Arun
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Wankhade PR, Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Jeyakumar S, Sejian V, Rajendran D, Bagath M, Sivaram M, Ramesha KP, Varghese MR. Active immune system and dry matter intake during the transition period are associated with postpartum fertility in lactating Zebu cows. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Arun AS, Sidharth PM, Rashamol VP, Sejian V, Bhatta R. Comparative study on the rhythmic changes in haematological parameters between captive and free ranging wild sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1498231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attur Shanmugam Arun
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
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39
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Rashamol VP, Sejian V, Pragna P, Lees AM, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Gaughan JB. Prediction models, assessment methodologies and biotechnological tools to quantify heat stress response in ruminant livestock. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:1265-1281. [PMID: 31129758 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Livestock industries have an important role in ensuring global food security. This review discusses the importance of quantifying the heat stress response of ruminants, with an emphasis on identifying thermo-tolerant breeds. There are numerous heat stress prediction models that have attempted to quantify the response of ruminant livestock to hot climatic conditions. This review highlights the importance of investigating prediction models beyond the temperature-humidity index (THI). Furthermore, this review highlights the importance of incorporating other climatic variables when developing prediction indices to ensure the accurate prediction of heat stress in ruminants. Prediction models, particularly the heat load index (HLI) were developed to overcome the limitations of the THI by incorporating ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (SR) and wind speed (WS). Furthermore refinements to existing prediction models have been undertaken to account for the interactions between climatic variables and physiological traits of livestock. Specifically, studies have investigated the relationships between coat characteristics, respiration rate (RR), body temperature (BT), sweating rate, vasodilation, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fatness and feed intake with climatic conditions. While advancements in prediction models have been occurring, there has also been substantial advancement in the methodologies used to quantify animal responses to heat stress. The most recent development in this field is the application of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to record animal behaviour and various physiological responses. Rumen temperature measurements using rumen boluses and skin temperature recording using infrared thermography (IRT) are making inroads to redefine the quantification of the heat stress response of ruminants. Further, this review describes several advanced biotechnological tools that can be used to identify climate resilient breeds of ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Rashamol
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
- Animal Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - P Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A M Lees
- Agriculture & Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
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40
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Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Rashamol VP, Pragna P, Lees AM, Sejian V. The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:94-102. [PMID: 31445399 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is well documented to have a negative influence on livestock productivity and these impacts may be exacerbated by climate change. Dairy cattle can be more vulnerable to the negative effects of heat stress as these adverse impacts may be more profound during pregnancy and lactation. New emerging diseases are usually linked to a positive relationship with climate change and the survival of microrganisms and/or their vectors. These diseases may exaggerate the immune suppression associated with the immune suppressive effect of heat stress that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes. It has been established that heat stress has a negative impact on the immune system via cell mediated and humoral immune responses. Heat stress activates the HPA axis and increases peripheral levels of glucocorticoids subsequently suppressing the synthesis and release of cytokines. Heat stress has been reported to induce increased blood cortisol concentrations which have been shown to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, interferon γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). The impact of heat stress on the immune responses of dairy cows could be mediated by developing appropriate amelioration strategies through nutritional interventions and cooling management. In addition, improving current animal selection methods and the development of climate resilient breeds may support the sustainability of livestock production systems into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - C Devaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V P Rashamol
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - P Pragna
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Dookie Campus, Dookie College, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3647 Australia
| | - A M Lees
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India.
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41
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Rashamol VP, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Beena V, Bhatta R. Effect of heat stress on the quantitative expression patterns of different cytokine genes in Malabari goats. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:1005-1013. [PMID: 30927086 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the influence of exposure to hot environment on different cytokine gene expression patterns in Malabari goat. The study was conducted in 12 (10 months to 1 year old) goats of Malabari breed for 45-day duration. The control (n = 6; C) group goats were kept under comfortable condition in the shaded pens while heat stress (n = 6; HS) group goats were kept out in the open hot environment during summer season for the study duration between 10.00 h to 16.00 h. The representative mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples were collected from the slaughtered goats at the end of study for assessing the different cytokine gene expression and histopathological changes. Compared with C group, the expression patterns of interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-β (IFN-β), and IFN-γ downregulated (P < 0.05) in the HS group. The histopathological changes of MLNs showed paucity of lymphocyte distribution in follicular areas as wells as decreased density of lymphocytes in the germinal centers of the HS group (P < 0.05). The findings from this study reflected the compromised immune functions during heat stress in Malabari goats. Further, the study established that IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ genes could serve as reliable immunological markers for quantifying heat stress-mediated immune response alterations in Malabari goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Rashamol
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - V Beena
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
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Lees AM, Sejian V, Lees JC, Sullivan ML, Lisle AT, Gaughan JB. Evaluating rumen temperature as an estimate of core body temperature in Angus feedlot cattle during summer. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:939-947. [PMID: 30868342 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC) and rumen temperature (TRUM) and to assess if TRUM could be used as a proxy measure of core body temperature (TCORE) in feedlot cattle. Eighty Angus steers (388.8 ± 2.1 kg) were orally administered with rumen temperature boluses. Rumen temperatures were recorded at 10-min intervals over 128 days from all 80 steers. To define the suitability of TRUM as an estimation of TCORE, TREC were obtained from all steers at 7-day intervals (n = 16). Eight feedlot pens were used where there were 10 steers per pen (162 m2). Shade was available in each pen (1.8 m2/animal; 90% solar block). Climatic data were recorded at 30-min intervals, including ambient temperature (TA; °C); relative humidity (RH; %); wind speed (WS; m/s) and direction; solar radiation (SR; W/m2); and black globe temperature (BGT; °C). Rainfall (mm) was recorded daily at 0900 h. From these data, temperature humidity index (THI), heat load index (HLI) and accumulated heat load (AHL) were calculated. Individual 10-min TRUM data were converted to an individual hourly average. Pooled mean hourly TRUM data from the 128-day data were used to establish the diurnal rhythm of TRUM where the mean minimum (39.19 ± 0.01 °C) and mean maximum (40.04 ± 0.01 °C) were observed at 0800 h and 2000 h respectively. A partial correlation coefficient indicated that there were moderate to strong relationships between TRUM and TREC using both real-time (r = 0.55; P < 0.001) and hourly mean (r = 0.51; P < 0.001) TRUM data. The mean difference between TREC and TRUM was small using both real-time (0.16 ± 0.02 °C) and hourly mean TRUM (0.13 ± 0.02 °C) data. Data from this study supports the hypothesis that TRUM can be used as an estimate of TCORE, suggesting that TRUM can be used to measure and quantify heat load in feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- FD McMaster Laboratory, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - J C Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - M L Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - A T Lisle
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
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Lees AM, Sejian V, Wallage AL, Steel CC, Mader TL, Lees JC, Gaughan JB. The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060322. [PMID: 31174286 PMCID: PMC6616461 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress and cold stress have a negative influence on cattle welfare and productivity. There have been some studies investigating the influence of cold stress on cattle, however the emphasis within this review is the influence of heat stress on cattle. The impact of hot weather on cattle is of increasing importance due to the changing global environment. Heat stress is a worldwide phenomenon that is associated with reduced animal productivity and welfare, particularly during the summer months. Animal responses to their thermal environment are extremely varied, however, it is clear that the thermal environment influences the health, productivity, and welfare of cattle. Whilst knowledge continues to be developed, managing livestock to reduce the negative impact of hot climatic conditions remains somewhat challenging. This review provides an overview of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India.
| | - Andrea L Wallage
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Cameron C Steel
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - Terry L Mader
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- Mader Consulting, Gretna, NE 68028, USA.
| | - Jarrod C Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - John B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
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Madhusoodan A, Sejian V, Afsal A, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Savitha S, Rashamol V, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Differential expression patterns of candidate genes pertaining to productive and immune functions in hepatic tissue of heat-stressed Salem Black goats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1607213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Madhusoodan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A. Afsal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M. Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - G. Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S.T. Savitha
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, India
| | - V.P. Rashamol
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - C. Devaraj
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Afsal A, Bagath M, Sejian V, Krishnan G, Beena V, Bhatta R. Effect of heat stress on HSP70 gene expression pattern in different vital organs of Malabari goats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1600270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Afsal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, India
| | - M. Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - G. Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Beena
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Amitha JP, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Sejian V, Bhatta R. Heat stress impact on the expression patterns of different reproduction related genes in Malabari goats. Theriogenology 2019; 131:169-176. [PMID: 30978567 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of heat stress on the expression pattern of reproduction related genes in Malabari breed of goat. The study was conducted during 45 days using twelve 10 months to one year old Malabari goats. The goats were randomly allocated into two groups: MC (n = 6; Malabari control) and MHS (n = 6; Malabari heat stress). Goats were stall-fed with a diet composed of 60% roughage and 40% concentrate. All animals had access to ad-libitum feed and water and they were fed and watered individually. The MC goats were placed in the shaded pens while MHS goats were exposed to heat stress in outside environment between 10.00 h and 16.00 h. At the end of study period, all 12 animals were slaughtered and their uterus tissues were collected for gene expression and histopathological studies. The temperature humidity index (THI) inside shed (74.9) proved that the animals were not stressed while in the outside environment (86.5) the animals were extremely distressed. Heat stress significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the expression patterns of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), estrogen receptor α (ESTRα), prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) did not differed between the groups. Further, a strong positive correlation (P < 0.01) was established for THI with both FSHR gene expression. A negative correlation was also established between THI and ESTRα (P < 0.01), PGF2α (P < 0.01), PGE2 (P < 0.05) genes. However, heat stress did not influence the expression patterns of LHR; COX-2 genes. The histopathological section of uterine epithelial cells showed degenerative changes (P < 0.05) with less differentiation in MHS group as compared to MC group. The results from the study clearly indicated that heat stress was able to alter the reproductive activity related gene expressions at uterine level and this could be an indication of reduced reproductive efficiency in Malabari goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Amitha
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India; Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India; Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India.
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India
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Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Rashamol V, Pragna P, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Genes for resilience to heat stress in small ruminants: A review. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Savitha S, Girish Kumar V, Amitha J, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Comparative assessment of thermo-tolerance between indigenous Osmanabadi and Salem black goat breeds based on expression patterns of different intracellular toll-like receptor genes during exposure to summer heat stress. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1592350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.T. Savitha
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, India
| | - V. Girish Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, India
| | - J.P. Amitha
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
| | - M. Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
| | - G. Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
| | - C. Devaraj
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- Corresponding author:
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Terry L Mader
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Aleena J, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Beena V, Bhatta R. Resilience of three indigenous goat breeds to heat stress based on phenotypic traits and PBMC HSP70 expression. Int J Biometeorol 2018; 62:1995-2005. [PMID: 30178111 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of summer heat stress on physiological and behavioral responses of Osmanabadi, Salem Black, and Malabari goats. The study also evaluated the differences in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression pattern between these breeds. The study was conducted over 45 days during summer (April-May) using 36 1-year-old female goats by randomly allocating them into six groups with six animals in each group: Osmanabadi control (Osmanabadi CON), Osmanabadi heat stress (Osmanabadi HS), Malabari control (Malabari CON), Malabari heat stress (Malabari HS), Salem Black control (Salem Black CON), and Salem Black heat stress (Salem Black HS). The Osmanabadi CON, Malabari CON, and Salem Black CON animals were housed in a shed while the Osmanabadi HS, Malabari HS, and Salem Black HS groups were subjected to heat stress by exposing them to outside environment between 1000 and 1600 h during the experimental period. All 36 animals were provided with ad libitum feed and water. The data generated were analyzed by general linear model (GLM) repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results indicated that the drinking frequency (DF) was higher (p < 0.01) in heat stress groups (12.58, 12.25, and 10.75 times for the Osmanabadi HS, Malabari HS, and Salem Black HS, respectively) as compared to their respective control groups (5.67, 6.25, 5.58 times for the Osmanabadi CON, Malabari CON, and Salem Black CON, respectively). Water intake (WI) also showed similar trend to DF. The urinating frequency also (UF) differed between breeds with lower value (p < 0.05) recorded in the Salem Black HS (1.5 times) compared to the Malabari HS (2.92 times). The highest (p < 0.05) rumination time (RuT) was recorded in the Malabari HS (48.00 min) than both the Osmanabadi HS (20.91 min) and Salem Black HS (23.67 min). The heat stress increased (p < 0.05) all physiological variables at 1400 h. The findings of this study suggest RR, RT, and PBMC HSP70 are reliable biological markers for evaluating thermo-tolerance capacity of indigenous goat breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aleena
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - M Bagath
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - G Krishnan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - V Beena
- Centre for Animal Adaptation to Environment and Climate Change Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India
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