1
|
Peslak SA, Demirci S, Chandra V, Ryu B, Bhardwaj SK, Jiang J, Rupon JW, Throm RE, Uchida N, Leonard A, Essawi K, Bonifacino AC, Krouse AE, Linde NS, Donahue RE, Ferrara F, Wielgosz M, Abdulmalik O, Hamagami N, Germino-Watnick P, Le A, Chu R, Hinds M, Weiss MJ, Tong W, Tisdale JF, Blobel GA. Forced enhancer-promoter rewiring to alter gene expression in animal models. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 31:452-465. [PMID: 36852088 PMCID: PMC9958407 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers can be in physical proximity of their target genes via chromatin looping. The enhancer at the β-globin locus (locus control region [LCR]) contacts the fetal-type (HBG) and adult-type (HBB) β-globin genes during corresponding developmental stages. We have demonstrated previously that forcing proximity between the LCR and HBG genes in cultured adult-stage erythroid cells can activate HBG transcription. Activation of HBG expression in erythroid cells is of benefit to patients with sickle cell disease. Here, using the β-globin locus as a model, we provide proof of concept at the organismal level that forced enhancer rewiring might present a strategy to alter gene expression for therapeutic purposes. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from mice bearing human β-globin genes were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing a synthetic transcription factor (ZF-Ldb1) that fosters LCR-HBG contacts. When engrafted into host animals, HSPCs gave rise to adult-type erythroid cells with elevated HBG expression. Vectors containing ZF-Ldb1 were optimized for activity in cultured human and rhesus macaque erythroid cells. Upon transplantation into rhesus macaques, erythroid cells from HSPCs expressing ZF-Ldb1 displayed elevated HBG production. These findings in two animal models suggest that forced redirection of gene-regulatory elements may be used to alter gene expression to treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Peslak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Byoung Ryu
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Saurabh K. Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jeremy W. Rupon
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert E. Throm
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khaled Essawi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Allen E. Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Linde
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert E. Donahue
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthew Wielgosz
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Hamagami
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paula Germino-Watnick
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anh Le
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Chu
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Malikiya Hinds
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin E, Chandra V, Haskal Z, Sheeran D, Park A. Abstract No. 6 “UnpleASAnt” outcomes: can the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification predict post–interventional radiology procedure complication severity? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
3
|
Goode A, Contrella B, Giraldo Herrera D, Chandra V, Sheeran D, Wilkins L, Angle J. Abstract No. 583 Initial evaluation of patient exposure from fluoroscopic equipment platforms that dynamically adjust multiple imaging parameters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
4
|
Xu C, Wang L, Fozouni P, Evjen G, Chandra V, Jiang J, Lu C, Nicastri M, Bretz C, Winkler JD, Amaravadi R, Garcia BA, Adams PD, Ott M, Tong W, Johansen T, Dou Z, Berger SL. SIRT1 is downregulated by autophagy in senescence and ageing. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1170-1179. [PMID: 32989246 PMCID: PMC7805578 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1 (Sir2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays critical roles in a broad range of biological events, including metabolism, the immune response and ageing1-5. Although there is strong interest in stimulating SIRT1 catalytic activity, the homeostasis of SIRT1 at the protein level is poorly understood. Here we report that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic membrane trafficking pathway that degrades cellular components through autophagosomes and lysosomes, mediates the downregulation of mammalian SIRT1 protein during senescence and in vivo ageing. In senescence, nuclear SIRT1 is recognized as an autophagy substrate and is subjected to cytoplasmic autophagosome-lysosome degradation, via the autophagy protein LC3. Importantly, the autophagy-lysosome pathway contributes to the loss of SIRT1 during ageing of several tissues related to the immune and haematopoietic system in mice, including the spleen, thymus, and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, as well as in CD8+CD28- T cells from aged human donors. Our study reveals a mechanism in the regulation of the protein homeostasis of SIRT1 and suggests a potential strategy to stabilize SIRT1 to promote productive ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyue Xu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Parinaz Fozouni
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94125, USA
| | - Gry Evjen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Current address: Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Congcong Lu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Corey Bretz
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94125, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to S.L.B. () or Z.D. ()
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, Nanduri R, Bhagyaraj E, Kalra R, Ahuja N, Chacko AP, Tiwari D, Sethi K, Saini A, Chandra V, Jain M, Gupta S, Bhatt D, Gupta P. Vitamin D3-VDR-PTPN6 axis mediated autophagy contributes to the inhibition of macrophage foam cell formation. Autophagy 2020; 17:2273-2289. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1822088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuja P. Chacko
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bhatt
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Essel K, Benbrook D, Rai R, Chandra V. Sulforaphane as a Potential Therapeutic for Endometrial Cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Cieslak J, Sare A, Shanmugasundaram S, Chandra V, Shukla P, Kumar A. Abstract No. 401 Preoperative embolization of renal cell carcinoma prior to partial or total nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Jain N, Sare A, Chandra V, Kumar A, Shukla P. Abstract No. 400 Perioperative blood loss after embolization of hypervascular musculoskeletal tumors: a systematic review of the literature. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
9
|
Shahid M, Nirgudkar N, Shukla P, Gonzales S, Chandra V, Kumar A. Abstract No. 436 Influence of exercise on Inferior vena cava wall interaction with inferior vena cava filters: initial results of an in vivo porcine study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Jain N, O’Neill S, Chandra V, Sokalaw S, Kumar A, Contractor S, Shukla P. 4:03 PM Abstract No. 215 Trends in interventional radiology: survey of medical students at an educational symposium. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
11
|
Chandra V, Jain N, Shukla P, Contractor S. Abstract No. 464 The integrated interventional radiology match: a bibliometric analysis of matched first-year residents. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
12
|
Keefe N, Chandra V, Rivera V, Haskal Z. Abstract No. 578 Validating fluoroscopic time and dose as individual physician quality metrics for dose-intensive procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
13
|
Balcerek J, Jiang J, Li Y, Jiang Q, Holdreith N, Singh B, Chandra V, Lv K, Ren JG, Rozenova K, Li W, Greenberg RA, Tong W. Lnk/Sh2b3 deficiency restores hematopoietic stem cell function and genome integrity in Fancd2 deficient Fanconi anemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3915. [PMID: 30254368 PMCID: PMC6156422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome that arises from mutations in a network of FA genes essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and replication stress tolerance. While allogeneic stem cell transplantation can replace defective HSCs, interventions to mitigate HSC defects in FA do not exist. Remarkably, we reveal here that Lnk (Sh2b3) deficiency restores HSC function in Fancd2−/− mice. Lnk deficiency does not impact ICL repair, but instead stabilizes stalled replication forks in a manner, in part, dependent upon alleviating blocks to cytokine−mediated JAK2 signaling. Lnk deficiency restores proliferation and survival of Fancd2−/− HSCs, while reducing replication stress and genomic instability. Furthermore, deletion of LNK in human FA-like HSCs promotes clonogenic growth. These findings highlight a new role for cytokine/JAK signaling in promoting replication fork stability, illuminate replication stress as a major underlying origin of BMF in FA, and have strong therapeutic implications. Loss of Fancd2 leads to replication stress intolerance and Fanconi Anemia, where haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is compromised. Here, the authors show that Lnk/Sh2b3 loss restores HSC proliferation and survival in Fancd2 knockout mice and ameliorates replication stress in a cytokine/JAK2 signaling dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Balcerek
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brijendra Singh
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Gang Ren
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kanani A, Dabhi S, Patel Y, Chandra V, Kumar ORV, Shome R. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized and unorganized sectors of Gujarat state, India. Vet World 2018; 11:1030-1036. [PMID: 30250359 PMCID: PMC6141288 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1030-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to study the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of Gujarat state, India, using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Materials and Methods: A total of 2444 sera samples (675 sheep and 1769 goat) from unorganized sector and 1310 sera samples (861 sheep and 449 goat) from seven organized farms were collected for brucellosis screening. Results: In unorganized sector, 23.70% sheep (160/675) and 15.99% goat (283/1769) were positive by RBPT and 24.44% sheep (165/675) and 17.24% goat (305/1769) by iELISA. The organized sector samples showed higher seroprevalence in goat (7.79 %, 35/449) than sheep (4.06 %, 35/861) by RBPT. Similarly, in iELISA, goat samples showed a higher seroprevalence (9.35%, 42/449) compared to sheep (7.50%, 65/861). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RBPT with ELISA were 88.69% and 99.65%, respectively, and showed a significant difference (p≤0.0001). The Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference in seroprevalence between sectors (p≤0.01) and species (p≤0.01). Conclusion: The seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of Gujarat was investigated and showed a higher prevalence of brucellosis and warrants the implementation of proper preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kanani
- Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, F.M.D. Typing Scheme, Polytechnic Campus, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380 015, Gujarat, India
| | - S Dabhi
- Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, F.M.D. Typing Scheme, Polytechnic Campus, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380 015, Gujarat, India
| | - Y Patel
- Department of Biomedical Technology, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
| | - V Chandra
- Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, F.M.D. Typing Scheme, Polytechnic Campus, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380 015, Gujarat, India
| | - O R Vinodh Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - R Shome
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Narasimhaiah M, Arunachalam A, Sellappan S, Mayasula VK, Guvvala PR, Ghosh SK, Chandra V, Ghosh J, Kumar H. Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:644-654. [PMID: 29450923 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n = 40, Aged 5 months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8 months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20 mg (T2), 40 mg (T3) and 60 mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5 mg (T5), 25 mg (T6), 37.5 mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20 + 12.5 mg (T8), 40 + 25 mg (T9), 60 + 37.5 mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro-ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p < .01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p < .05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Narasimhaiah
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A Arunachalam
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Sellappan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - V K Mayasula
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - P R Guvvala
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chandra
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - J Ghosh
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lv K, Jiang J, Donaghy R, Riling CR, Cheng Y, Chandra V, Rozenova K, An W, Mohapatra BC, Goetz BT, Pillai V, Han X, Todd EA, Jeschke GR, Langdon WY, Kumar S, Hexner EO, Band H, Tong W. CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases control JAK2 ubiquitination and stability in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid malignancies. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1007-1023. [PMID: 28611190 PMCID: PMC5495118 DOI: 10.1101/gad.297135.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lv et al. report that the CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. Their results reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a central kinase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and its uncontrolled activation is a prominent oncogenic driver of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JAK2 have remained elusive. Here we report that the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (CBL) family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. We demonstrated that depletion of CBL/CBL-B or LNK abrogated JAK2 ubiquitination, extended JAK2 half-life, and enhanced JAK2 signaling and cell growth in human cell lines as well as primary murine HSPCs. Built on these findings, we showed that JAK inhibitor (JAKi) significantly reduced aberrant HSPCs and mitigated leukemia development in a mouse model of aggressive myeloid leukemia driven by loss of Cbl and Cbl-b. Importantly, primary human CBL mutated (CBLmut) leukemias exhibited increased JAK2 protein levels and signaling and were hypersensitive to JAKi. Loss-of-function mutations in CBL E3 ubiquitin ligases are found in a wide range of myeloid malignancies, which are diseases without effective treatment options. Hence, our studies reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Donaghy
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Emily A Todd
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Grace R Jeschke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scharfmann R, Didiesheim M, Richards P, Chandra V, Oshima M, Albagli O. Mass production of functional human pancreatic β-cells: why and how? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:128-36. [PMID: 27615142 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) is due to insufficient functional β-cell mass. Research has, therefore, aimed to discover new ways to maintain or increase either β-cell mass or function. For this purpose, rodents have mainly been used as model systems and a large number of discoveries have been made. Meanwhile, although we have learned that rodent models represent powerful systems to model β-cell development, function and destruction, we realize that there are limitations when attempting to transfer the data to what is occurring in humans. Indeed, while human β-cells share many similarities with rodent β-cells, they also differ on a number of important parameters. In this context, developing ways to study human β-cell development, function and death represents an important challenge. This review will describe recent data on the development and use of convenient sources of human β-cells that should be useful tools to discover new ways to modulate functional β-cell mass in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
| | - M Didiesheim
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Richards
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - V Chandra
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - M Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - O Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reshma R, Mishra SR, Thakur N, Parmar MS, Somal A, Bharti MK, Pandey S, Chandra V, Chouhan VS, Verma MR, Singh G, Sharma GT, Maurya VP, Sarkar M. Modulatory role of leptin on ovarian functions in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2016; 86:1720-39. [PMID: 27381558 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the modulatory role of leptin on bubaline granulosa cells (GCs) and luteal cells (LCs) functions using an in vitro cell culture system and to establish a cross talk between leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GCs were collected from group IV follicles (>13 mm size) and LCs from mid-luteal phase corpus luteum and were grown in serum-containing media supplemented with leptin at three different dose rates (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL) and time durations (24, 48, and 72 hours). We evaluated the production and secretion of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) using RIA and the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1), anti-apoptotic gene PCNA, pro-apoptotic gene caspase 3 and endothelial cell marker, Von Willebrand factor (vWF), using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results depicted a direct inhibitory action of leptin on GCs steroidogenesis in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas in the presence of IGF-1 the inhibitory effect was reverted. Furthermore, leptin augmented both cellular proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (caspase 3). On the other hand, in LCs, leptin alone showed an apparent stimulatory effect on steroidogenesis (P < 0.05); however, in the presence of IGF-1, an antagonistic effect was witnessed. Moreover, leptin had an inhibitory effect on apoptosis while promoted cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. These findings were further strengthened by immunocytochemistry. To conclude, these observations for the first time reported that in buffaloes leptin has a direct dose-, time-, and tissue-dependent effect on ovarian steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, and cytoprotection, and furthermore, it can regulate the effect of systemic factors like IGF-1. Hence, this in vitro study provides an insight into the putative roles of leptin alone and its interactions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Reshma
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Thakur
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M S Parmar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Somal
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Bharti
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Pandey
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Chandra
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G T Sharma
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhagyaraj E, Nanduri R, Saini A, Dkhar HK, Ahuja N, Chandra V, Mahajan S, Kalra R, Tiwari D, Sharma C, Janmeja AK, Gupta P. Human Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptor PXR Augments Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival. J Immunol 2016; 197:244-55. [PMID: 27233963 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can evade host defense processes, thereby ensuring its survival and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), in M. tuberculosis infection in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that PXR augments M. tuberculosis survival inside the host macrophages by promoting the foamy macrophage formation and abrogating phagolysosomal fusion, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additionally, M. tuberculosis cell wall lipids, particularly mycolic acids, crosstalk with human PXR (hPXR) by interacting with its promiscuous ligand binding domain. To confirm our in vitro findings and to avoid the reported species barrier in PXR function, we adopted an in vivo mouse model expressing hPXR, wherein expression of hPXR in mice promotes M. tuberculosis survival. Therefore, pharmacological intervention and designing antagonists to hPXR may prove to be a promising adjunct therapy for tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Bhagyaraj
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Ankita Saini
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Rashi Kalra
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| | | | - Pawan Gupta
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ullery B, Tran K, Chandra V. Association of an Endovascular-First Protocol for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Survival and Discharge Disposition. J Vasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Chandra V, Bhagyaraj E, Nanduri R, Ahuja N, Gupta P. NR1D1 ameliorates Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance through regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2015; 11:1987-1997. [PMID: 26390081 PMCID: PMC4824569 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NR1D1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1), an adopted orphan nuclear receptor, is widely known to orchestrate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes such as adipogenesis, skeletal muscle differentiation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that various members of the nuclear receptor superfamily perform a decisive role in the modulation of autophagy. Recently, NR1D1 has been implicated in augmenting the antimycobacterial properties of macrophages and providing protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by downregulating the expression of the IL10 gene in human macrophages. This antiinfective property of NR1D1 suggests the need for an improved understanding of its role in other host-associated antimycobacterial pathways. The results presented here demonstrate that in human macrophages either ectopic expression of NR1D1 or treatment with its agonist, GSK4112, enhanced the number of acidic vacuoles as well as the level of MAP1LC3-II, a signature molecule for determination of autophagy progression, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, a decrease in NR1D1 in knockdown cells resulted in the reduced expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, LAMP1, commensurate with a decrease in the level of transcription factor EB, TFEB. This is indicative of that NR1D1 may have a regulatory role in lysosome biogenesis. NR1D1 being a repressor, its positive regulation on LAMP1 and TFEB is suggestive of an indirect byzantine mechanism of action. Its role in the modulation of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis together with its ability to repress IL10 gene expression supports the theory that NR1D1 has a pivotal antimycobacterial function in human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vemika Chandra
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology; Chandigarh, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology; Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Nancy Ahuja
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology; Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology; Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mahajan S, Saini A, Chandra V, Nanduri R, Kalra R, Bhagyaraj E, Khatri N, Gupta P. Nuclear Receptor Nr4a2 Promotes Alternative Polarization of Macrophages and Confers Protection in Sepsis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18304-14. [PMID: 25953901 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a2 is known to modulate both inflammatory and metabolic processes, but the mechanism by which it regulates innate inflammatory homeostasis has not been adequately addressed. This study shows that exposure to ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) robustly induces Nr4a2 and that this induction is tightly regulated by the PI3K-Akt signaling axis. Interestingly, exogenous expression of Nr4a2 in macrophages leads to their alternative phenotype with induction of genes that are prototypical M2 markers. Moreover, Nr4a2 transcriptionally activates arginase 1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that increased survival of animals in endotoxin-induced sepsis is Nr4a2-dependent. Thus our data identify a previously unknown role for Nr4a2 in the regulation of macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mahajan
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nanduri R, Mahajan S, Bhagyaraj E, Sethi K, Kalra R, Chandra V, Gupta P. The Active Form of Vitamin D Transcriptionally Represses Smad7 Signaling and Activates Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) to Inhibit the Differentiation of a Inflammatory T Helper Cell Subset and Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12222-36. [PMID: 25809484 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), to transcriptionally modulate Smads to inhibit Th17 differentiation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has not been adequately studied. This study reports modulation of Smad signaling by the specific binding of the VDR along with its heterodimeric partner RXR to the negative vitamin D response element on the promoter of Smad7, which leads to Smad7 gene repression. The vitamin D receptor-mediated increase in Smad3 expression partially explains the IL10 augmentation seen in Th17 cells. Furthermore, the VDR axis also modulates non-Smad signaling by activating ERK during differentiation of Th17 cells, which inhibits the Th17-specific genes il17a, il17f, il22, and il23r. In vivo EAE experiments revealed that, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppression of EAE correlates with the Smad7 expression in the spleen and lymph nodes. Furthermore, Smad7 expression also correlates well with IL17 and IFNγ expression in CNS infiltered inflammatory T cells. We also observed similar gene repression of Smad7 in in vitro differentiated Th1 cells when cultured in presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The above canonical and non-canonical pathways in part address the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR to inhibit EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chandra V, Bhagyaraj E, Parkesh R, Gupta P. Transcription factors and cognate signalling cascades in the regulation of autophagy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:429-51. [PMID: 25651938 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that maintains the equilibrium between biosynthesis and the recycling of cellular constituents; it is critical for avoiding the pathophysiology that results from imbalance in cellular homeostasis. Recent reports indicate the need for the design of high-throughput screening assays to identify targets and small molecules for autophagy modulation. For such screening, however, a better understanding of the regulation of autophagy is essential. In addition to regulation by various signalling cascades, regulation of gene expression by transcription factors is also critical. This review focuses on the various transcription factors as well as the corresponding signalling molecules that act together to translate the stimuli to effector molecules that up- or downregulate autophagy. This review rationalizes the importance of these transcription factors functioning in tandem with cognate signalling molecules and their interfaces as possible therapeutic targets for more specific pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vemika Chandra
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Raman Parkesh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dkhar HK, Gopalsamy A, Loharch S, Kaur A, Bhutani I, Saminathan K, Bhagyaraj E, Chandra V, Swaminathan K, Agrawal P, Parkesh R, Gupta P. Discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis α-1,4-glucan branching enzyme (GlgB) inhibitors by structure- and ligand-based virtual screening. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:76-89. [PMID: 25384979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GlgB (α-1,4-glucan branching enzyme) is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of α-glucan, which plays a significant role in the virulence and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because α-glucans are implicated in the survival of both replicating and non-replicating bacteria, there exists an exigent need for the identification and development of novel inhibitors for targeting enzymes, such as GlgB, involved in this pathway. We have used the existing structural information of M. tuberculosis GlgB for high throughput virtual screening and molecular docking. A diverse database of 330,000 molecules was used for identifying novel and efficacious therapeutic agents for targeting GlgB. We also used three-dimensional shape as well as two-dimensional similarity matrix methods to identify diverse molecular scaffolds that inhibit M. tuberculosis GlgB activity. Virtual hits were generated after structure and ligand-based screening followed by filters based on interaction with human GlgB and in silico pharmacokinetic parameters. These hits were experimentally evaluated and resulted in the discovery of a number of structurally diverse chemical scaffolds that target M. tuberculosis GlgB. Although a number of inhibitors demonstrated in vitro enzyme inhibition, two compounds in particular showed excellent inhibition of in vivo M. tuberculosis survival and its ability to get phagocytosed. This work shows that in silico docking and three-dimensional chemical similarity could be an important therapeutic approach for developing inhibitors to specifically target the M. tuberculosis GlgB enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Anupriya Gopalsamy
- the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Saurabh Loharch
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Isha Bhutani
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Kanmani Saminathan
- the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Vemika Chandra
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | | | - Pushpa Agrawal
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Raman Parkesh
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emblem K, Pinho M, Chandra V, Gerstner E, Stufflebeam S, Sorenson G, Harris G, Freedman R, Sohl J, Younger J, Krop I, Winer E, Lin N. NI-23 * BRAIN BREAST METASTASES RESPOND TO ANTI-ANGIOGENIC THERAPY BY MODES OF VASCULAR NORMALIZATION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou264.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Chandra V, Ou Y, Evans J, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Dietrich J, Chi A, Wen P, Rosen B, Batchelor T, Gerstner E. AT-16 * PHASE II STUDY OF TIVOZANIB, AN ORAL VEGFR INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
28
|
Hoarau E, Chandra V, Rustin P, Scharfmann R, Duvillie B. Pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance controls pancreatic β-cell differentiation through the ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1487. [PMID: 25341041 PMCID: PMC4237262 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the intrauterine milieu affects cell proliferation, differentiation, and function by modifying gene expression in susceptible cells, such as the pancreatic β-cells. In this limited energy environment, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to a decline in β-cell function. In opposition to this toxicity, ROS are also required for insulin secretion. Here we investigated the role of ROS in β-cell development. Surprisingly, decreasing ROS production in vivo reduced β-cell differentiation. Moreover, in cultures of pancreatic explants, progenitors were highly sensitive to ROS stimulation and responded by generating β-cells. ROS enhanced β-cell differentiation through modulation of ERK1/2 signaling. Gene transfer and pharmacological manipulations, which diminish cellular ROS levels, also interfered with normal β-cell differentiation. This study highlights the role of the redox balance on β-cell development and provides information that will be useful for improving β-cell production from embryonic stem cells, a step in cell therapy for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hoarau
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - V Chandra
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - P Rustin
- INSERM U676, Hopital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | - R Scharfmann
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - B Duvillie
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chandra V, Fatima I, Manohar M, Popli P, Sirohi VK, Hussain MK, Hajela K, Sankhwar P, Dwivedi A. Inhibitory effect of 2-(piperidinoethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzo(b)pyran (K-1) on human primary endometrial hyperplasial cells mediated via combined suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PI3K/Akt survival pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1380. [PMID: 25144715 PMCID: PMC4454309 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor to the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in women. Apart from estrogenic induction, aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signal is well known to correlate with endometrial hyperplasia and its carcinoma. The benzopyran compound 2-(piperidinoethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzo (b) pyran(K-1), a potent antiestrogenic agent, has been shown to have apoptosis-inducing activity in rat uterine hyperplasia. The current study was undertaken to explore the effect of the benzopyran compound K-1 on growth and Wnt signaling in human endometrial hyperplasial cells. Primary culture of atypical endometrial hyperplasial cells was characterized by the epithelial cell marker cytokeratin-7. Results revealed that compound K-1 reduced the viability of primary endometrial hyperplasial cells and expression of ERα, PR, PCNA, Wnt7a, FZD6, pGsk3β and β-catenin without affecting the growth of the primary culture of normal endometrial cells. The β-catenin target genes CyclinD1 and c-myc were also found to be reduced, whereas the expression of axin2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor Dkk-1 was found to be upregulated, which caused the reduced interaction of Wnt7a and FZD6. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was found to be decreased by compound K-1. K-1 also suppressed the pPI3K/pAkt survival pathway and induced the cleavage of caspases and PARP, thus subsequently causing the apoptosis of endometrial hyperplasial cells. In conclusion, compound K-1 suppressed the growth of human primary endometrial hyperplasial cells through discontinued Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced apoptosis via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt survival pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chandra
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I Fatima
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Manohar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Sirohi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Hussain
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Hajela
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Syed F, Chandra V, Del Carpio Munoz F, Cha Y, Friedman P, Hammill S, Munger T, Shen W, Packer D, Asirvatham S. Performance of surface electrocardiographic vectors in differentiating ventricular arrhythmia originating from coronary cusp, peri-pulmonic valve and right ventricular outflow tract. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
Chandra V, Fatima I, Saxena R, Hussain M, Hajela K, Sankhwar P, Roy B, Chandna S, Dwivedi A. Anti-tumorigenic action of 2-[piperidinoethoxyphenyl]-3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzo(b)pyran: Evidence for involvement of GPR30/EGFR signaling pathway. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:433-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
32
|
Chandra V, Mahajan S, Saini A, Dkhar HK, Nanduri R, Raj EB, Kumar A, Gupta P. Human IL10 gene repression by Rev-erbα ameliorates Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10692-702. [PMID: 23449984 PMCID: PMC3624449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors modulate macrophage effector functions, which are imperative for clearance or survival of mycobacterial infection. The adopted orphan nuclear receptor Rev-erbα is a constitutive transcriptional repressor as it lacks AF2 domain and was earlier shown to be present in macrophages. In the present study, we highlight the differences in the relative subcellular localization of Rev-erbα in monocytes and macrophages. The nuclear localization of Rev-erbα in macrophages is subsequent to monocyte differentiation. Expression analysis of Rev-erbα elucidated it to be considerably more expressed in M1 phenotype in comparison with M2. Rev-erbα overexpression augments antimycobacterial properties of macrophage by keeping IL10 in a basal repressed state. Further, promoter analysis revealed that IL10 promoter harbors a Rev-erbα binding site exclusive to humans and higher order primates and not mouse, demonstrating a species barrier in its functionality. This direct gene repression is mediated by recruitment of co-repressors NCoR and HDAC3. In addition, our data elucidate that its overexpression reduced the survival of intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing phagosome lysosome maturation, an event resulting from IL10 repression. Thus, these findings suggest that Rev-erbα bestows protection against mycobacterial infection by direct gene repression of IL10 and thus provide a novel target in modulating macrophage microbicidal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vemika Chandra
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Hedwin K. Dkhar
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella B. Raj
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Department of Protein Science and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbial Technology/Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mahajan S, Chandra V, Dave S, Nanduri R, Gupta P. Stem Bromelain–Induced Macrophage Apoptosis and Activation Curtail Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:366-76. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
34
|
Mahajan S, Dkhar HK, Chandra V, Dave S, Nanduri R, Janmeja AK, Agrewala JN, Gupta P. Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates macrophage lipid-sensing nuclear receptors PPARγ and TR4 for survival. J Immunol 2012; 188:5593-603. [PMID: 22544925 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-macrophage interactions are key to pathogenesis and clearance of these bacteria. Although interactions between M. tuberculosis-associated lipids and TLRs, non-TLRs, and opsonic receptors have been investigated, interactions of these lipids and infected macrophage lipid repertoire with lipid-sensing nuclear receptors expressed in macrophages have not been addressed. In this study, we report that M. tuberculosis-macrophage lipids can interact with host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and testicular receptor 4 to ensure survival of the pathogen by modulating macrophage function. These two lipid-sensing nuclear receptors create a foamy niche within macrophage by modulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor CD36, phagolysosomal maturation block by induction of IL-10, and a blunted innate response by alternative polarization of the macrophages, which leads to survival of M. tuberculosis. These results also suggest possible heterologous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and testicular receptor 4 and are suggestive of adaptive or coevolution of the host and pathogen. Relative mRNA expression levels of these receptors in PBMCs derived from clinical samples convincingly implicate them in tuberculosis susceptibility. These observations expose a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis amenable for pharmacological modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mahajan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Dyondi D, Chandra V, Bhonde RR, Banerjee R. Development and Characterization of Dual Growth Factor Loaded In Situ Gelling Biopolymeric System for Tissue Engineering Applications. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2012.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
37
|
Sarath Babu V, Chandra V, Nambi KSN, Majeed SA, Taju G, Patole MS, Hameed ASS. Development and characterization of novel cell lines from Etroplus suratensis and their applications in virology, toxicology and gene expression. J Fish Biol 2012; 80:312-334. [PMID: 22268432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Four novel cell lines from tissues of eye, gill, kidney and brain of Etroplus suratensis were developed and characterized. The cell lines of eye, gill, kidney and brain were sub-cultured for 245, 185, 170 and 90 passages, respectively, since 2008. These cell lines showed predominantly epithelial-like cells. Effects of temperature and foetal bovine serum concentration on the growth of these cell lines were examined and optimum growth was found at the temperature of 28° C with 20% foetal bovine serum. All the four cell lines were successfully cryopreserved and revived at different passage levels. Cell-cycle analysis of these cell lines was carried out by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products obtained from the cells and tissues of E. suratensis with primers specific to the conserved region of 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase I genes of E. suratensis revealed the origin of cell lines from E. suratensis. Antibodies raised against the tissues and cells of eye, kidney and gill were highly cross reacted to their specific tissue and cells of E. suratensis. Chromosomal analysis revealed that E. suratensis cells have a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 48. The cells of these cell lines were successfully transfected with pEGFP vector DNA. The eye (IEE), gill (IEG) and kidney (IEK) cell lines were found to be susceptible to nodavirus but resistant to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The cells of gill, kidney and eye were applied to test the cytotoxicity of tannery effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sarath Babu
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fatima I, Chandra V, Saxena R, Manohar M, Sanghani Y, Hajela K, Negi MPS, Sankhwar PL, Jain SK, Dwivedi A. 2,3-Diaryl-2H-1-benzopyran derivatives interfere with classical and non-classical estrogen receptor signaling pathways, inhibit Akt activation and induce apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:198-210. [PMID: 21878365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to explore the mechanism of anti-proliferative action of benzopyran compound D1 (2-[piperidinoethoxyphenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-benzopyran) and its hydroxy-(D2) and methoxy-(D3) derivatives in Ishikawa and human primary endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS Transcriptional activation assays were performed using luciferase reporter system and cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The stage of cell cycle was determined by flow-cytometry and real time analysis of cyclinE1 and cdc2 genes. The apoptotic effects were measured by AnnexinV/PI staining and TUNEL. The expression of PCNA, cyclinD1, pAkt, XIAP, cleaved caspase-9, -3, PARP, Bax and Bcl2 were determined by immunoblotting. The caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS All three compounds inhibited E(2)-induced ERE- and AP-1-mediated transactivation and proliferation in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells dose-dependently. Compound D1 caused the arrest of cells in the G(2) phase while D2 and D3 caused arrest in G(1) phase of the cell cycle. All compounds interfered with Akt activation, decreased XIAP expression leading to an increased cleavage of caspase-9, -3, PARP, increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that benzopyran derivatives inhibit cellular proliferation via modulating ER-dependent classical and non-classical signaling mechanisms, interfere with Akt activation and induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Fatima
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dave S, Mahajan S, Chandra V, Gupta P. Trifluoroethanol stabilizes the molten globule state and induces non-amyloidic turbidity in stem bromelain near its isoelectric point. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Babu VS, Nambi KSN, Chandra V, Ishaq Ahmed VP, Bhonde R, Sahul Hameed AS. Establishment and characterization of a fin cell line from Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.). J Fish Dis 2011; 34:355-364. [PMID: 21401643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line, Indian Catfish Fin, derived from the fin tissue of Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, was established and characterized. The cell line grew well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and has been subcultured more than 110 times since its initiation in 2007. The cells were able to grow at a range of temperature from 28 to 37 °C with optimal growth at 28 °C. The cell line predominantly consists of fibroblast-like cells. The growth rate of fin cells increased as the FBS concentration increased from 2% to 20% at 28 °C with optimum growth at a concentration of 15% or 20% and poor growth at a concentration of 5%. The cells were found to be susceptible to fish nodavirus and IPNV-ab and infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. PCR amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA using primers specific to C. batrachus confirmed the catfish origin of the cell line. The cell line was characterized further by immunocytochemistry, transfection efficiency with pEGFP-N1 and cell cycle analysis by fluorescent-activated cell sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Babu
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dave S, Dkhar HK, Singh MP, Gupta G, Chandra V, Mahajan S, Gupta P. Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced helix–sheet transition of stem bromelain: Correlation to function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:938-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Ahmed VPI, Chandra V, Sudhakaran R, Kumar SR, Sarathi M, Babu VS, Ramesh B, Hameed ASS. Development and characterization of cell lines derived from rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), and catla, Catla catla (Hamilton). J Fish Dis 2009; 32:211-218. [PMID: 19236559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new cell lines, designated RE and CB, were derived from the eye of rohu, Labeo rohita, and the brain of catla, Catla catla, respectively. The cell lines were maintained in Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 20% foetal bovine serum. The RE cell line was sub-cultured for more than 70 passages and the CB cell line for more than 35 passages. The RE cells are rounded and consist predominantly of epithelial cells. The CB cell line consists of predominantly fibroblastic-like cells. Both cell lines are able to grow at temperatures between 25 and 32 degrees C with an optimum of 28 degrees C. The growth rate of the cells increased as the foetal bovine serum concentration increased from 2% to 20% at 28 degrees C, with optimum growth at concentrations of 15% or 20% foetal bovine serum. The cells were successfully cryopreserved and revived at different passage levels. The cell lines were not susceptible to four marine fish viruses. Extracellular products from Aeromonas sp. were toxic to the cell lines. When the cells were transfected with plasmid eukaryotic green fluorescent protein (pEGFP [Clontech, Carlsbad, CA, USA]) vector DNA, a significant fluorescent signal was observed suggesting that these cell lines could be a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA from rohu and catla confirmed that the cell lines originated from these fish species. The cell lines were further characterized by immunocytochemistry using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V P Ishaq Ahmed
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore Dt., Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sundar Manoharan S, Singh B, Sahu RK, Zimmer A, Lim SH, Salamanca-Riba LG, Chandra V. Effect of Ru-Mn redox interactions on the hole carrier density in pulsed electron deposited La(1-x)Pb(x)Mn(0.8)Ru(0.2)O(3) (0.2≤x≤0.4) thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2008; 20:235205. [PMID: 21694296 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/23/235205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electron deposited thin films of Ru substituted La(1-x)Pb(x)Mn(0.8)Ru(0.2)O(3) (0.2≤x≤0.4) show an increase in the magneto-resistance ratio by ∼5-15% at the respective metal to insulator transition (T(MIT)) temperature when compared to the parent La(0.6)Pb(0.4)MnO(3) thin film. A systematic decrease in T(MIT) is observed from ∼310 to ∼260 K when the hole (Pb) concentration varies from 40 to 20% with constant 20% Ru substitution at the Mn site. The x-ray rocking curve and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the thin films suggest that Ru occupies the Mn site and shows epitaxial growth of the films on the LaAlO(3) (LAO) substrate. Transport and magneto-resistive properties show that Ru substitution maintains a considerable hole carrier density (due to Mn(4+):t(2g)(3)e(g)(0)/Ru(5+):t(2g)(3)e(g)(0)) even for La(0.8)Pb(0.2)Mn(0.8)Ru(0.2)O(3) (8282) composition, which influences the double exchange interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sundar Manoharan
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mishra DA, Chandra V, Kumar GS, Sharma GT. 273 EXPRESSION PATTERN OF CONNEXIN 43 (Cx43) AND POLY-(A) POLYMERASE (PAP) GENES IN BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv19n1ab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyadenylation of pre-mRNA is carried out by poly-(A) polymerase (PAP), and study of the transcription pattern of this gene is said to indicate the developmental competence of the embryos. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of the important gap junction proteins that controls growth, cellular differentiation, and embryonic development. The objective of the present investigation was to study the expression pattern of PAP and Cx43 genes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos produced in vitro. Embryos were produced from the slaughterhouse ovaries using standard IVMFC protocol (Rajhans et al. 2006 J. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 253–254). Briefly, oocytes were aspirated from follicles (2–8 mm in diameter) and matured in vitro in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% FCS and epidermal growth factor (20 ng mL-1) for 24 h. Presumptive zygotes after 18 h of fertilization were cultured in mSOF containing insulin-like growth factor-1 (100 ng mL-1) and β-mercaptoethanol (100 �M) for 9 days or until blastocyst formation, whichever was earlier. Pools of immature (n = 200), in vitro-matured (n = 200), oocytes and embryos (2–4 cell, n = 83; 8–16 cell, n = 80; morula, n = 77), and blastocysts (n = 40) were collected for mRNA isolation. Immature and in vitro-matured oocytes were treated with 1X trypsin-EDTA solution to remove the attached cumulus and then washed with TCM-199 before mRNA isolation to avoid any contamination of these cells during RNA isolation. mRNA from each pool was isolated using a commercially available direct mRNA isolation kit (Oligotex Direct mRNA kit; Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). cDNA was prepared using specific reverse primer and M-MLV RT in 20 �L reaction volume following manufacturer's instructions. Polymerase chain reaction was done for 35 cycles with annealing temperatures of 60�C and 58�C for 252 bp of PAP and 425 bp of Cx43, respectively. Amplicons were subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion for further confirmation of expressed genes. RT-PCR amplicon of PAP was digested with HaeIII to obtain characteristic band patterns at 119 bp and 133 bp, and Cx43 RT-PCR amplicon was digested with EcoR1 to obtain characteristic band patterns at 137 bp and 288 bp. While PAP expression could be detected in all stages of developing embryos starting from immature oocytes to blastocyst stage, Cx43 mRNA was detected in immature oocytes to morula stage but not in blastocyst-stage embryos. It could be concluded that the expression patterns of PAP and Cx43 genes in buffalo embryos produced in vitro are similar to those of cattle embryos.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chandra V, Thompson GB, Bower TC, Taler SJ. Renal artery stenosis and a functioning hilar paraganglioma: a rare cause of renovascular hypertension--a case report. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2004; 38:385-90. [PMID: 15306959 DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surgically correctable causes of hypertension are uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of 2 such causes in the same individual is extremely rare. The authors describe a 25-year-old woman with congenital erythrocytosis, renal artery stenosis, and a paraganglioma. The possible mechanisms of renal artery stenosis in the presence of a catecholamine-secreting tumor are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chandra
- Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chandra V, Kaur P, Jasti J, Betzel C, Singh TP. Regulation of catalytic function by molecular association: structure of phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella (DPLA2) at 1.9 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1793-8. [PMID: 11717491 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901014524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2001] [Accepted: 09/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of phospholipase A(2) from the venom of Daboia russelli pulchella has been refined to an R factor of 0.216 using 17,922 reflections to 1.9 A resolution. The structure contains two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The overall conformations of the two molecules are essentially the same except for three regions, namely the calcium-binding loop including Trp31, the beta-wing and the C-terminal residues 119-131. Although these differences have apparently been caused by molecular packing, they seem to have functional relevance. Particularly noteworthy is the conformation of Trp31, which is favourable for substrate binding in one molecule as it is aligned with one of the side walls of the hydrophobic channel, whereas in the other molecule it is located at the mouth of the channel, thereby blocking the entry of substrates leading to loss of activity. This feature is unique to the present structure and does not occur in the dimers and trimers of other PLA(2)s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chandra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tomar S, Yadav S, Chandra V, Kumar P, Singh TP. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of disintegrin (schistatin) from saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus). Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1669-70. [PMID: 11679739 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901012082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2001] [Accepted: 07/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of crystallographic data on a disintegrin molecule from any source. The heterodimeric disintegrin with a molecular weight of 14 kDa from Echis carinatus venom is a potent antagonist of alpha4 integrins. The intact disintegrin, containing two subunits A and B, was isolated and purified using affinity and ion-exchange columns. It has been crystallized using 1.6 M ammonium sulfate as a precipitating agent. The crystals grew to dimensions of 0.25 x 0.20 x 0.20 mm and diffracted to 2.5 A resolution. The crystals belong to space group I4(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 91.7, c = 55.1 A. Assuming a molecular weight of 14 kDa, a V(M) of 2.1 A(3) Da(-1) is obtained for one molecule of disintegrin in the asymmetric unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Perbandt M, Chandra V, Rajashankar KR, Idakieva K, Parvanova K, Rypniewski W, Stoeva S, Voelter W, Genov N, Betzel C. Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the external functional unit RtH2-e from the Rapana thomasiana. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1663-5. [PMID: 11679737 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901012124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2001] [Accepted: 06/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 'external' oxygenated functional unit RtH2-e of the Rapana hemocyanin subunit RHSS2 was isolated and crystallized. X-ray intensity data to 3.3 A resolution have been collected at 100 K and the structure has been solved using the molecular-replacement method. The space group is assigned to be the tetragonal P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 105.5, c = 375.0 A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Perbandt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chandra V, Pandav R, Dodge HH, Johnston JM, Belle SH, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. Incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a rural community in India: the Indo-US study. Neurology 2001; 57:985-9. [PMID: 11571321 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.6.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine overall and age-specific incidence rates of AD in a rural, population-based cohort in Ballabgarh, India, and to compare them with those of a reference US population in the Monongahela Valley of Pennsylvania. METHODS A 2-year, prospective, epidemiologic study of subjects aged > or =55 years utilizing repeated cognitive and functional ability screening, followed by standardized clinical evaluation using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for the diagnosis, and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale for the staging, of dementia and AD. RESULTS Incidence rates per 1000 person-years for AD with CDR > or =0.5 were 3.24 (95% CI: 1.48-6.14) for those aged > or =65 years and 1.74 (95% CI: 0.84-3.20) for those aged > or =55 years. Standardized against the age distribution of the 1990 US Census, the overall incidence rate in those aged > or =65 years was 4.7 per 1000 person-years, substantially lower than the corresponding rate of 17.5 per 1000 person-years in the Monongahela Valley. CONCLUSION These are the first AD incidence rates to be reported from the Indian subcontinent, and they appear to be among the lowest ever reported. However, the relatively short duration of follow-up, cultural factors, and other potential confounders suggest caution in interpreting this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chandra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Allele frequencies are most often reported from small convenience samples of unknown demographics and limited generalizability. We determined the distribution of apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE) and allele frequencies for a large, well-defined, representative, rural, population-based sample (n = 4450) aged 55-95 years in Ballabgarh, in the northern Indian state of Haryana. The overall APOE E*2, E*3, and E*4 allele frequencies were 0.039, 0.887, and 0.073, respectively; frequencies are also reported by age, sex, and religious/caste groups. The APOE*4 frequency is among the lowest reported anywhere in the world. APOE allele frequencies did not vary significantly by age or sex in this study. To our knowledge, this is the largest Indian sample ever genotyped for the APOE polymorphism. The representativeness of the sample and its known demographics provide a much-needed normative background for studies of gene-disease associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|