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Optimization of guar gum-based anti-browning coating for prolonging the shelf life of cut potatoes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132051. [PMID: 38777687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of guar gum (GG), crude algae ethanolic extract (CAEE), and turmeric essential oil (TEO) incorporated edible coating formulations on the quality of cut potatoes was investigated at room temperature (27 ± 3 °C, 70-85 % RH) storage using a rotatable central composite design. Besides, 30 % glycerol, 5 % calcium chloride, and 3 % ascorbic acid (w/w) were added to the coating solution as additives. The surface color, respiration rate, water vapor transmission rate, visible mold growth, and sensory analysis were assessed after seven days of storage. The inclusion of ascorbic acid and TEO in edible coating demonstrated a more effective delay in browning. The coated potatoes had lower OTR, CTR, and WVTR values for GG concentrations of 0.5 to 1 g/100 mL than the control. Compared to additives, higher concentrations of GG improved response parameters. The WVTR value of coated potatoes was significantly impacted by the interaction between CAEE and TEO with GG. Incorporating CAEE and TEO into the formulations of guar gum led to a reduction in the permeability of the coating to oxygen and water vapor. The seven days of extended shelf life compared to two days of control were observed with the optimized coating formulation. Furthermore, the application of the coating treatment proved effective in preventing enzymatic browning and creating a barrier against moisture and gases, contributing to prolonged freshness during extended storage periods.
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Effect of guar gum-chitosan composites edible coating functionalized with essential oils on the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarin at ambient condition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127489. [PMID: 37852394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of guar gum (0.7 %):chitosan (0.3 %) based composite edible coating functionalized with coconut oil and essential oils like clove bud oil and cinnamon bark oil were investigated on the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarins at ambient conditions (25 ± 5 °C, RH 75 ± 5 %) up to 20 days of storage period. The postharvest characteristics such as weight loss, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugar of control and treated fruits were evaluated at 5 days intervals throughout the storage period. The obtained results indicated that the application of guar gum/chitosan-based composite edible coating with coconut oil, clove bud and cinnamon bark essential oil was effective in prolonging the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarins as compared to control fruits by minimizing the decay and loss of postharvest quality attributes. The treatment of composite such as guar gum/chitosan/coconut oil/clove oil/cinnamon oil (GGCsC-Cl-Cn) was most effective in maintaining postharvest characteristics of fruits compared to other treatments and control. The significant (p < 0.05) lowest weight loss (38 %) with retention of higher firmness (5.9 N), titratable acidity (0.29 %), and total soluble solid (10.8 %) was noticed in the Khasi mandarins treated with GGCsC-Cl-Cn composite coating on 20 days of storage. Furthermore, the present study confirmed the significance of the developed composite formulation in improving the shelf life of Khasi mandarin.
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Polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/sawdust based biocomposites trays with enhanced compostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126977. [PMID: 37739287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The major drawback associated with petroleum-based polymer products is pollution, leading to environmental hazards. Biodegradable polymers and biocomposites have the potential to play a major role in replacing the conventional polymers in specific applications on a case to case basis. In the current study, sawdust reinforced polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) biocomposites were developed using the melt extrusion technique. Primary processed fine sawdust was reinforced with PLA/PCL blend in a mini twin screw extruder in different weight fractions (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %). The developed biocomposites were subjected to tensile testing, which indicated that the increased weight percent of sawdust reduced the tensile strength. The materials were further characterized, using sophisticated analytical such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis. The composite containing 30 % sawdust concentration presented the best results with tensile strength of 26.5 MPa, tensile strain of 4.4 % and onset degradation temperature of 320 °C. The same formulation was successfully scaled up to the pilot level of 5 kg batch. It was further subjected to secondary processing to produce market ready cutlery items. Biodegradability studies in simulated composting environments revealed that addition of sawdust drastically reduces the lag phase in degradation and total degradation may be obtained in approximately 90 days. Based on the investigation, there is optimism that the PLA/PCL composites, blended with sawdust may ensure commercial application of sustainable polymer blends at affordable prices.
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Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from waste paper for developing antifouling and high-performance polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane for water purification. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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Role of silk nanocrystal (SNC)-ZnO as an antibacterial nucleating nanohybrid for a patterned mimic poly(lactic acid) based nanofabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125126. [PMID: 37257545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This new investigation deals with the synthesis of an organic-inorganic nanohybrid using SNC with magnificent flower bud-shaped ZnO, termed SNC-ZnO by precipitation method. The nanohybrid (with concentrations 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%) was in situ incorporated into the PLA matrix to prepare the electrospun solution. The functionalized PLA composite nanofibres produced by electrospinning with SNC-ZnO nanohybrid were systematically studied using different structural and morphological analyses to meet the challenging processing requirements. The FESEM analysis gives an average diameter of nanofibres 246 ± 10.2 nm where nanohybrid tends to adhere on the surface of the PLA nanofabric increasing hydrophobicity up to water contact angle 135.3 ± 0.25 °C with 5 wt% nanohybrid incorporation. The nanofabric has significant antibacterial activity against E.Coli and S.Aureus bacteria. Further, an extensive study has been made on thermally stipulated processes using DSC on non-isothermal crystallization kinetics using different models: Avrami, Ozawa, Mo, and Tobin. The results revealed sites for heterogeneous nucleation and improvement in crystallinity, t1/2, and nucleation effects due to the incorporation of crystalline nanohybrid in PLA nanofibres. Further, the Avrami plot has confirmed both primary and secondary crystallization processes thereby considering its potential to utilize functionalized PLA nanofabric for applications in protective textile.
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Excellent mechanical and chemical resistance properties exhibited by bamboo fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) - epoxy composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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A systematic review on bioplastic-soil interaction: Exploring the effects of residual bioplastics on the soil geoenvironment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158311. [PMID: 36037904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing demand for plastic and increasing plastic waste pollution have led to significant environmental challenges and concerns in today's world. Bioplastics offer exciting new opportunities and possibilities where biodegradable and bio-based plastics are expected to be more eco-friendly and rely on renewable resources. With all its promises, evaluating its real impact and fate on the geoenvironment is paramount for promoting bioplastic use. This paper presents a systematic literature review to understand current bioplastic-soil research and the effects of its residues on the geoenvironment. 632 studies related to bioplastic research in soil since 1973 were identified and categorized into different relevant topics. Publication trend showed bioplastic-soil research grew exponentially after 2010 wherein field studies accounted to 33.1 % of the total studies and only about 9.7 % studied the effects of bioplastic residues on the geoenvironment. Majority of the lab studies were on development and subsequent stability of bioplastics in soil. Short-term studies (in months) dominated the longer-term studies and studies over 4 years were almost non-existent. Lab and field experiments often gave inconsistent results with seasonal, climatic and bio-geographical factors strongly influencing the field results and bioplastic stability in soil. Most existing studies reported significant effects for microbioplastic concentrations at or above 1 % w/w. Bioplastic residues were found to substantially affect soil C/N ratio, impact soil microbial diversity by favouring certain microbial taxa and alter soil physical structure by influencing soil aggregates formation. At higher concentrations, plant health and germination success were also negatively affected. Conclusively, the review found it important to focus more on long-term field experiments to better understand the degree and extent of bioplastic residue impact on soil physico-chemical properties, mechanical properties, soil biology, soil-bioplastic-plant response, nutrients and toxicity. There are also very few studies investigating contaminant transport and migration of micro or nano-bioplastics in soil.
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Insulin biomolecular condensate formed in ionic microenvironment modulates the structural properties of pristine and magnetic cellulosic nanomaterials. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Composite Scaffolds Based on Bacterial Cellulose for Wound Dressing Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3722-3733. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crystalline titanium-dioxide nanofinish impregnated on electrospun stereocomplex poly (lactic acid) as non-woven nanotextile with superhydrophilic, anti-shrinkage, dark dyeing and waste dye removal ability for sustainable application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:384-394. [PMID: 35850271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly non-woven nanotextile has been prepared using enantiomeric pairs of poly (lactic acid) PLA by electrospinning technique. Solution blending of synthesized high molecular weight (⁓105 Da) poly (L-lactic acid) PLLA and poly (D-lactic acid), PDLA for prolonged time stirring produce solely stereocrystallites (sc). The high crosslinking effect of sc-PLA has played an important role, with multifunctional behaviour on the addition of anatase-TiO2 (a-TiO2) in three different ways (Case-I-III). The high crystallinity of a-TiO2 (~7.14 nm), has been confirmed from XRD and TEM studies as 98 %. The nanofinish as studied in (Case -III) by dipping and drying has decreased the water contact angle for the electrospun sc-PLA nanotextile from highly hydrophobic (132°) to superhydrophilicity after 8 min. An easy demonstration of high temperature treated nanofabric (at 100 °C) has proven to obtain an anti-shrinkage sc-PLA nanofabric. Even, the presence of a-TiO2 has improved the colour strength ability of sc-PLA as a dark dyed nanofabric. The loading of as-synthesized a-TiO2 nanoparticle has enhanced adsorbent dosages for 5TdipscPLA up to 1.44 mg/g of MB dosage, at contact time (8 h), and 68 % methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency under UV irradiation. Thereby, this a-TiO2 impregnated sc-PLA nanofabric tends to dye removal.
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Nanochitosan functionalized hydrophobic starch/guar gum biocomposite for edible coating application with improved optical, thermal, mechanical, and surface property. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:116-127. [PMID: 35561853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current work demonstrates a unique approach of utilizing nanochitosan (NCS) based edible nanomodifier for functionalizing starch (ST)/guar gum (GG) biocomposite with superior packaging properties targeting stringent edible food packaging on fresh cuts. The effectiveness of NCS in terms of structure-property-performance analysis of ST/GG biocomposites was done. The inclusion of NCS to the biocomposites of ST/GG converts its hydrophilic surface nature to hydrophobic (contact angle of ~114°) by modifying the surface features. The addition of NCS improved the thermal stability, where the observed 10% weight degradation of ST biocomposites were ~79.36, ~80.49, and ~186.89 °C for neat ST, ST/GG biocomposites, and ST/GG/NCS (3% w/v) (ST-GG-NCS3), respectively. The observed transparency of ST, ST-GG, and ST-GG-NCS3 were 21, 8, and 48%, respectively in the visible region suggesting consumer preference for transparent packaging materials. The wt% of O, C and N elements in ST-GG-NCS3 as observed by EDX spectra were ~ 50.2, ~47.6, and ~ 2.2%, respectively, which confirm the safety of the materials. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the storage quality in terms of microbial growth, pH change, color attributes, and weight loss are better preserved when used as an edible coating on cut apple fruits.
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Development of antioxidant-rich edible active films and coatings incorporated with de-oiled ethanolic green algae extract: a candidate for prolonging the shelf life of fresh produce. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13295-13313. [PMID: 35520137 PMCID: PMC9062619 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of sustainability and the substitution of non-biodegradable packaging using biodegradable packaging has attracted gigantic interest. The objective of the present study was to revalorize the biowaste "de-oiled green algae biomass (DAB)" of Dunaliella tertiolecta using a green approach and the development of biodegradable chitosan (CS)-based edible active biocomposite films and coatings for prolonging the shelf life of fresh produce. Ultrasound-assisted green extraction was conducted using food-grade solvent ethanol for obtaining the bio-actives, namely "crude algae ethanolic extract (CAEE)" from DAB. The edible films (CS/CAEE) and coating solutions were developed by incorporating CAEE with varying concentrations (0 to 28%). The CAEE was subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, and other biochemical analyses, and was found to be rich in DPPH antioxidant activity (∼40%). The CS/CAEE films were fabricated using a solvent casting method and characterized by several biochemical and physicochemical (FESEM, TGA, FTIR, XRD, WVP, UTM, and rheological) characterization techniques. The addition of CAEE into the CS matrix reduced the maximum film transparency (∼20%), water vapor permeability (∼60%); improved the crystallinity (∼24%), tensile strength (∼25%), and antioxidant activity (∼27%); and exhibited UV-Vis blocking properties as compared to the control film. Besides, the developed coating solutions and CAEE showed biocompatibility with BHK-21 fibroblast cells and antimicrobial activity against common food pathogens. The developed coating solution was applied on green chilli using a dipping method and stored at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C, 50-70 % RH) for 10 days. The shelf life of chillies was extended without altering the quality as compared to uncoated green chillies. Therefore, the formulated coating could be applicable for prolonging the shelf life of fresh produce.
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Prodigiosin-Loaded Poly(lactic acid) to Combat the Biofilm-Associated Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2143-2151. [PMID: 35467829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an emerging biobased implant material. Despite its biocompatibility and the aseptic procedures followed during orthopedic surgery, bacterial infection remains an obstacle to implementing PLA-based implants. To tackle this issue, prodigiosin-incorporated PLA has been developed, which possesses improved hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 111 ± 1.5°. The degradation temperature of the prodigiosin is 215 °C, which is more than the melting temperature of PLA, which supports the processability and sterilization of the PLA-based implants without any toxic gases. Further, prodigiosin improves the transparency of PLA and acts as a nucleation site. The spherulite density increases three times compared to that of neat PLA. The inherent methoxy group of prodigiosin is an active site responsible for the inhibition of bacterial attack and biofilm formation. The in vitro study on biofilm formation shows excellent inhibition activity against implant-associated pathogens such as Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Reversible and biocompatible AuNP-decorated [Zn2+]:[Insulin] condensed assembly for potential therapeutic applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Highly efficient bio-adsorption of Malachite green using Chinese Fan-Palm Biochar (Livistona chinensis). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132282. [PMID: 34826941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of effluents from the textile industry is a multidimensional problem that affects the ecosystem in many ways. Though many new technologies are being developed, it remains to be seen which of those can be practiced in a real scenario. The current investigation attempts to absorb the Malachite Green, an effluent from textile dye using Chinese Fan Palm Seed Biochar. Accordingly, biochar was prepared using fruits of Chinese Fan Palm (Livistona chinensis) tree. The fruit also yielded a significant amount of biochar and bio-oil. 1.346 kg of fresh and cleaned fruit was fast pyrolyzed at 500 °C in a laboratory-scale Pyrolyzer resulting in 0.487 kg of biochar and 0.803 L of bio-oil. The remaining fruit matter was converted to gaseous products. The kinetics of dye removal were studied and the parameters were determined. The study advocates that the Langmuir isotherm model simulates the adsorption experiment, to a good extent. From the plot, the maximum (monolayer) adsorption capacity, Qm was determined to be 21.4 mg/g. The suitability of the Langmuir isotherm model onto biochar was established by the high correlation coefficient, R2 that was higher than 0.97.
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Supramolecular organization of Cytochrome-C into quantum-dot decorated macromolecular network under pH and thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1623-1634. [PMID: 34742836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The holo form of Cytochrome-C which is involved in the electron transfer chain of aerobic and anaerobic respiration remains structurally intact by its complex with heme. However, when a prolonged thermal and pH stress was applied, heme was found to abruptly dissociate from the holo protein, resulting in complete collapse of the three-dimensional functional structure. Interestingly, two distinct structures were formed as the consequence of the dissociation event: (i) A macromolecular amyloid-network formed by the collapsed protein fragments, generated by self-oxidation, and (ii) Fe-containing Quantum-Dots (FeQDs) with 2-3 nm diameter formed by heme reorganization. Further adding to intrigue, the FeQDs were re-adsorbed on the surface of the amyloid network leading to FeQD-decorated macromolecular amyloid matrix. The heme-interactant Met80, constituting the amyloidogenic region, initiates the amylogenic cascade, and gradual exposure of Trp59 synergistically emit intrinsic fluorescence alongside FeQDs. The development of the aforementioned events were probed through a multitude of biophysical, chemical and computational analyses like ThT/ANS/intrinsic fluorescence assays, CD-spectroscopy, FETEM/STEM/elemental mapping, Foldamyloid/Foldunfold/Isunstruct/H-protection/LIGplot analyses, etc. The FeQD-decorated amyloid-network was found to exhibit gel-like property, which supported the growth of BHK-21 fibroblast without cytotoxicity. Further studies on FeQD-decorated Cytochrome C amyloid network might open possibilities to design advanced biomaterial for diverse biological applications.
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Functionalized poly(lactic acid) based nano-fabric for anti-viral applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32884-32897. [PMID: 35493591 PMCID: PMC9042262 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study endeavoured to explore and fabricate antiviral and antibacterial facemasks using zinc (oligo-lactate) (ZL), developed through a microwave synthesis technique. The prepared nano-fabric layer has excellent antiviral and antibacterial properties against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of ZL shows a two-step thermal degradation, which confirms the formation of low molecular weight end group lactyl units with zinc ions. Another investigation using varying ZL concentration and silk nanocrystal (SNC) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and electrospinning them into nanofibres led to the fabrication of a facile and sustainable nanofabric that can be utilized as a protective layer for facemasks. Morphological analysis revealed the successful preparation of the nanofabric with proper distribution and uniformity in fibre diameter. Hydrophobicity of the prepared nanofabric confirmed excellent protection from water droplets that may transpire during coughing or sneezing by an infected individual. Breathability and reusability tests confirmed that the prepared facemask could be reused by ethanol washing without compromising its surface properties till 4 cycles. The PLA/ZL nanofabric layer demonstrated 97% antiviral efficacy against NDV in 10 minutes. In conclusion, the electrospun nanofabric layer can be used as a facemask having high hydrophobicity, good breathability, antibacterial, and antiviral properties to control the spread of contagious diseases.
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Construction of integrated system for the treatment of Acid orange 7 dye from wastewater: Optimization and growth kinetic study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125478. [PMID: 34320758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effort has been made to develop an integrated system (ozonation followed by biodegradation) for the treatment of Acid orange 7 (AO 7) dye. The process parameters such as pH (3.0-11) and ozone dosage (5-25 mg/L) were optimized and obtained as 3.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively to treat the AO 7 by ozonation. Similarly, the process parameters, namely pH (5.0-9.0) and temperature (25-45 °C) were optimized and found to be 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively by biological treatment. Bacillus sp. was found to be the most effective bacteria to remove the AO 7. An integrated system obtained an overall 98.7% removal of AO 7 under optimum conditions. Andrews-Haldane model was best to predict the experimental data and the bio-kinetic constants; µmax: 0.1875 day-1; Ks: 49.53 mg/L; Ki: 133.32 mg/L were obtained. The developed integrated system can be a promising option for the treatment of azo dye containing-wastewaters.
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Biodegradation of biopolymeric composites and blends under different environmental conditions: Approach towards end-of-life panacea for crop sustainability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effect of dicumyl peroxide on biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/functionalized gum arabic based films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Curcumin doped functionalized cellulose nanofibers based edible chitosan coating on kiwifruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:936-945. [PMID: 34153361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The developed edible coating with curcumin facilitated iron functionalized cellulose nanofiber (f-CNF) reinforced chitosan (CS) were applied on kiwifruits for maintaining the quality during storage life. The f-CNF was fabricated via anchoring iron particles onto the surface of CNF as evident by FESEM, FETEM, and XRD analysis. The inclusion of f-CNF and curcumin as a component of edible coating can provide a synergistic effect in maintaining the quality of kiwifruits. The f-CNF (1.5 wt%) dispersed CS edible coating assisted by curcumin provided a lamellar and heterogonous surface morphology with a hazy appearance. The used edible coating materials were effective in reducing mass loss, firmness loss, respiration rate, and microbial count of the kiwifruits during storage life (10 days at 10 °C). Additionally, color, and physiological properties of kiwifruits can be modified by using the addressed edible coating materials.
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Effect of cellulose nanocrystals derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta marine green algae residue on crystallization behaviour of poly(lactic acid). Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117881. [PMID: 33766368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine green algae biomass residue (ABR), a waste by-product of Dunaliella tertiolecta, left behind after the extraction of oil from the algal biomass, was utilized for the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The fabricated sulphuric acid hydrolysed CNCs had needle-like morphology, with dominant cellulose type I polymorph and a high crystallinity index of 89 %. ICP-MS elemental analysis confirmed the presence of a variety of minerals in the ABR. Washed ABR (WABR)/PLA and CNC/PLA bio-composite films were developed via solvent casting technique with varying bio-filler loadings for comparing their effectiveness on the crystallization behaviour of PLA. FESEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA were used to characterize the bio-fillers. The nucleating and crystallization behaviour of the bio-composite films were confirmed using DSC, SAXS and POM analysis which indicated better effectiveness of CNCs with a significant reduction in cold crystallization temperature, and noteworthy increment in crystallinity and spherulite growth rate.
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Silk nanodisc based edible chitosan nanocomposite coating for fresh produces: A candidate with superior thermal, hydrophobic, optical, mechanical and food properties. Food Chem 2021; 360:130048. [PMID: 34034054 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the fabrication of silk nanodisc (SND) dispersed chitosan (CS) based new edible coating as a candidate for superior thermal, hydrophobic, optical, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, which further provide remarkable storage quality for banana fruits. Fabrication of SND is attained following acid hydrolysis of silk fibroin (SF), where the successful nanostructures formulations are analyzed by FESEM, FETEM and XRD analysis delivering disc shaped morphology with amplified crystallinity (~95.0%). The SF has been fabricated from waste muga cocoons using the degumming process. The superior thermal stability of SND compared to SF portray a new era in required heat resistant packaging. The effectiveness of SND is investigated on packaging properties of CS biocomposites including thermal, wettability, mechanical, color, surface morphology, and others. Wettability of SND incorporated CS biocomposite enhanced by ~ 10° suggesting improved hydrophobicity. The edible coatings are a new candidate to improve the shelf life of bananas over 7 days at 25 °C for prevailing original weight, optical property, firmness, and others.
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25
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Starch-based biodegradable film with poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate): preparation, morphology, thermal and biodegradation properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1920838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Toughened PLA-b-PCL-b-PLA triblock copolymer based biomaterials: effect of self-assembled nanostructure and stereocomplexation on the mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current research unfolds the effect of block lengths, microdomain morphology and stereocomplexation on the mechanical properties of PLA-b-PCL-b-PLA triblock copolymers where PCL is involved to improve the poor extensibility of PLA.
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Biopolymer-based nanocomposite films and coatings: recent advances in shelf-life improvement of fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1912-1935. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Biodegradable kinetics and behavior of bio-based polyblends under simulated aerobic composting conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110211. [PMID: 32148281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates aerobic biodegradation of melt extruded poly(lactic acid) PLA based blends under composting conditions. Samples of neat PLA (NPLA) and bio-based polyblend composites of PLA/LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene) having different concentration of MCC (microcrystalline cellulose crystal) were analyzed to understand the biodegradation behavior of these blends under simulated composting conditions. Biodegradation kinetics revealed that higher content of MCC and PLA accelerated the biodegradation process of the polymeric blends. Increase in the spherulite growth size and decrease in the spherulite density of the biodegraded samples confirmed the decline in amorphous portion of the test samples due to microbial assimilation, leaving behind the crystalline portion. Surface morphological analysis revealed that the samples of PLA/LLDPE/MCC blends underwent surface erosion prior to bulk biodegradation (50-80%) until the 90th day and the PLA formed fibril-like structures after degradation. This study would help in the design and preparation of biodegradable bio-based commercial blends in the future.
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End-of-life evaluation and biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) polyblends under composting conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125875. [PMID: 32069712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates biodegradation of the polyblends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in different compositions and comparison of the properties of those blends with that of neat PLA and neat PCL. The samples were melt extruded and blended to evaluate the environmental fate of the polyblends under simulated composting conditions following the standard ASTM International D5338-15 protocol. It was seen that blends with a higher concentration of PCL and MCC in the PLA matrix showed higher carbon mineralization percentage in comparison to the blends having low PCL and MCC components. Molecular weight analysis of the samples showed a decrease in their weight due to chain scission mechanism leading to the formation of intermediates. Analytical techniques revealed the formation of microbial biofilms on the blended biopolymeric surfaces. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of fibril-like structures by PLA, and the formation of rough patches on the PCL surface re-confirmed biodegradation of the samples. This work fuels interest in the material characterization of PLA/PCL/MCC based polyblends and helps in tuning the biodegradability of the studied samples according to the demands.
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Self-propelled cellulose nanocrystal based catalytic nanomotors for targeted hyperthermia and pollutant remediation applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:1020-1036. [PMID: 32353506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from biological motors, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are strategically modified to induce self-propulsion behavior with the capabilities to catalytically degrade pollutants along with magnetic hyperthermia to clean arterial plaques during its course of propulsion. CNCs derived from renewable biomass, are decorated with catalytically active, magneto-responsive nanomaterials (Fe2O3/Pd nanoparticles) through sustainable routes. CNC nanomotors show improved propulsion at lowered peroxide concentrations with remotely controlled trajectory through chemo-magnetic field gradients and ideal surface-wettability characteristics, overcoming the requirement of surfactants, as with traditional nanomotors. We observed that nanomotors undergo motion through heterogeneous bubble propulsion mechanism, with capability to in situ degrade pollutants and generate local heat through hyperthermia, enhancing the rate of degradation process in real time. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that the dynamics of nanomotors can be controlled in a microfluidic channel through site-directed magnetic field and induction of pH gradient, mimicking the chemotaxis in cell-like environment and as swarm of nano-surgeons removes plaques from clogged arteries. Our study shows that strategic modification of CNCs results in fabrication of nanomotors with efficient propulsion system infused with multi-functional characteristics of high catalytic activity and magnetic hyperthermia which opens up new avenues for utilization of bio-based nanomotors derived from lignocellulose for myriad applications.
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31
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Environment‐friendly synthesis of sustainable chitosan‐based nonisocyanate polyurethane: A biobased polymeric film. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Structural, mechanical, and gas barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanohybrid using nanotalc. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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33
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34
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Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐
co
‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Structural Evolution in Isothermal Crystallization Process of Poly(L-lactic acid) Enhanced by Silk Fibroin Nano-Disc. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111872. [PMID: 31185630 PMCID: PMC6601276 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nucleating effect of silk fibroin nano-disc (SFN) on the crystallization behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated by simultaneous synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. For the isothermal crystallization at 110 °C from the melt, the induction period of the PLLA specimens containing 1% SFN was reduced compared to that of the neat specimens, indicating the acceleration of the nucleation of PLLA. The final degree of crystallinity was also increased, and the crystallization half-time was decreased, which indicates that the overall crystallization process was accelerated. Furthermore, the final value of the crystallite size (the lateral size of the crystalline lamella) was slightly lower for the specimens containing 1% SFN than that for the PLLA neat specimen, although the crystallites started growing much earlier. However, it was found that there was no effect of SFN on the growth rate of the crystallite size. The lamellar thickening process was also accelerated with a clear overshooting phenomenon with the inclusion of 1% SFN. As for the polymorphism, the α’ phase is dominant with about 96%, but a small amount of the α phase (4%) is found to exist. It was found that the SFN can also accelerate the formation of the minor α phase as well as the major α’ phase.
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36
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Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and lactic acid oligomer‐grafted bacterial cellulose: It's preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Influence of Nontoxic Magnetic Cellulose Nanofibers on Chitosan Based Edible Nanocoating: A Candidate for Improved Mechanical, Thermal, Optical, and Texture Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4289-4299. [PMID: 30883112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the formulation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) or magnetic cellulose nanofiber (mgCNF) dispersed chitosan-based edible nanocoating with superior mechanical, thermal, optical, and texture properties. The fabrication of mgCNF is successfully achieved through a single-step coprecipitation route, where iron particles get adsorbed onto CNF. The thermal stability of mgCNF is improved considerably, where ∼17% reduction in weight is observed, whereas CNF degrades completely under identical conditions. TGA analysis shows that there is an improvement in thermal stability for both CNF- and mgCNF-reinforced CS nanocoatings, where mgCNF provides more heat dimensional stability than CNF-dispersed CS nanocoatings. Further, the edible nanocoatings are stable even at the temperature of heat treatment such as food sterilization. The mechanical property of the mgCNF-dispersed chitosan (CS) shows a remarkable improvement in tensile strength (57.86 ± 14 MPa) and Young's modulus (2348.52 ± 276 MPa) in comparison to neat CS (6.27 ± 0.7 and 462.36 ± 64 MPa, respectively). To determine the developed materials to be safe for food, the quantification of iron is made by using ICP-MS technique. It is worth mentioning that mgCNF-coated CS helps in improving the texture of cut pineapples in comparison with uncoated pineapple slices under ambient conditions.
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Tailor-made ultra-crystalline, high molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone) films with improved oxygen gas barrier and optical properties: a facile and scalable approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:1040-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Films for Food Packaging. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Silk nano-discs: A natural material for cancer therapy. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23231. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Poly(lactic acid)/modified chitosan-based microcellular foams: Thermal and crystallization behavior with wettability and porosimetric investigations. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Effect of Dicumyl Peroxide on a Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Functionalized Chitosan-Based Nanobiocomposite for Packaging: A Reactive Extrusion Study. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13298-13312. [PMID: 31458046 PMCID: PMC6644597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocomposites with balanced mechanical characteristics are fabricated from poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)blend at a weight ratio of 80/20 in association with varying concentrations of functionalized chitosan (FCH) through reactive extrusion at a temperature of 185 °C. The combined effect of FCH and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) showed insignificant change in tensile strength with a remarkable increase in % elongation at break (∼45%) values. Addition of DCP also caused increase in the molecular weight (M w ∼ 22%) of the PLA/PBS/1DFCH nanobiocomposite, which is attributed to the cross-linking/branching effect of FCH on the polymers. The interfacial polymer-filler adhesion is also improved, which is observed from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of PLA/PBS/1DFCH. For PLA/PBS/1DFCH, the crystallization rate and nucleation density of PLA are increased because of cross-linked/branched structures are developed, which acted as nucleating sites. Therefore, the present work facilitates a simple extrusion processing with a combination of balanced thermal and mechanical properties, improved hydrophobicity (∼27%), and UV-C-blocking efficiency, which draw the possibility for the utilization of the ecofriendly nanobiocomposite in the packing of UV-sensitive materials on a commercial level.
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Sustainable Approach for Mechanical Recycling of Poly(lactic acid)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Films: Investigations on Structure–Property Relationship and Underlying Mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Thermal degradation behaviour and crystallization kinetics of poly (lactic acid) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) based microcellular composite foams. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1518-1531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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45
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Effect of silk nano-disc dispersion on mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of poly(lactic acid) based bionanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Investigating the properties of poly (lactic acid)/exfoliated graphene based nanocomposites fabricated by versatile coating approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Lamellae Assembly in Dendritic Spherulites of Poly(l-lactic Acid) Crystallized with Poly( p-Vinyl Phenol). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E545. [PMID: 30966579 PMCID: PMC6415417 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamellar assembly with fractal-patterned growth into dendritic and ringed spherulites of crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), of two molecular weight (MW) grades and crystallized at (temperature of crystallization) Tc = 120 and 130 °C, respectively, are evaluated using optical and atomic-force microscopies. The results of surface-relief patterns in correlation with interior microscopy analyses in this work strongly indicate that the observed birefringence changes in PLLA polymer dendritic or ringed spherulites (from blue to orange, or to optical extinction) need not be definitely associated with the continuous helix twisting of lamellae; they can be caused by sudden and discontinuous lamellae branching at intersected angles with respect to the original main lamellae, as proven in the case of dendritic and zig-zag rough-ringed spherulites. Intersection angles between the main stalks and branches tend to be governed by polymer crystal lattices; for PLLA, the orthorhombic lattice (α-form) usually gives a 60° angle of branching and hexagonal growth. The branching lamellae then further bend to convex or concave shapes and finally make a 60⁻90° angle with respect to the main stalks. Such mechanisms are proven to exist in the straight dendritic/striped high-molecular weight (HMW)-PLLA spherulites (Tc = 120 °C); similar mechanisms also work in circularly ringed (Tc = 130 °C) HMW-PLLA spherulites.
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48
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Facile dispersion of exfoliated graphene/PLA nanocomposites via in situ
polycondensation with a melt extrusion process and its rheological studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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49
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Crystallization kinetics, morphology, and hydrolytic degradation of novel bio-based poly(lactic acid)/crystalline silk nano-discs nanobiocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Cellulose Nanocrystal Templated Graphene Nanoscrolls for High Performance Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3886. [PMID: 29497075 PMCID: PMC5832814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoscrolls (GNS), due to their remarkably interesting properties, have attracted significant interest with applications in various engineering sectors. However, uncontrolled morphologies, poor yield and low quality GNS produced through traditional routes are major challenges associated. We demonstrate sustainable approach of utilizing bio-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as template for fabrication of GNS with tunable morphological dimensions ranging from micron-to-nanoscale(controlled length < 1 μm or >1 μm), alongwith encapsulation of catalytically active metallic-species in scroll interlayers. The surface-modified magnetic CNCs acts as structural-directing agents which provides enough momentum to initiate self-scrolling phenomenon of graphene through van der Waals forces and π-π interactions, mechanism of which is demonstrated through experimental and molecular simulation studies. The proposed approach of GNS fabrication provides flexibility to tune physico-chemical properties of GNS by simply varying interlayer spacing, scrolling density and fraction of encapsulated metallic nanoparticles. The hybrid GNS with confined palladium or platinum nanoparticles (at lower loading ~1 wt.%) shows enhanced hydrogen storage capacity (~0.2 wt.% at~20 bar and ~273 K) and excellent supercapacitance behavior (~223–357 F/g) for prolonged cycles (retention ~93.5–96.4% at ~10000 cycles). The current strategy of utilizing bio-based templates can be further extended to incorporate complex architectures or nanomaterials in GNS core or inter-layers, which will potentially broaden its applications in fabrication of high-performance devices.
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