1
|
Baranzini N, Monti L, Vanotti M, Orlandi VT, Bolognese F, Scaldaferri D, Girardello R, Tettamanti G, de Eguileor M, Vizioli J, Taramelli R, Acquati F, Grimaldi A. AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:150-167. [PMID: 30368505 DOI: 10.1159/000493804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2 act as chemoattractants for macrophages and modulate the inflammatory processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The expression of these proteins significantly increases after bacterial infection; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate the innate immune response are still poorly defined. Here, we evaluate the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection on the expression pattern of these genes and the interrelation between them during innate immune response in the medicinal leech, an invertebrate model with a simple anatomy and a marked similarity with vertebrates in inflammatory processes. Collectively, prokaryotic-eukaryotic co-cultures and in vivo infection assays suggest that RNASET2 and AIF-1 play a crucial role in orchestrating a functional cross-talk between granulocytes and macrophages in leeches, resulting in the activation of an effective response against pathogen infection. RNASET2, firstly released by granulocytes, likely plays an early antibacterial role. Subsequently, AIF-1+ RNASET2-recruited macrophages further recruit other macrophages to potentiate the antibacterial inflammatory response. These experimental data are in keeping with the notion of RNA-SET2 acting as an alarmin-like molecule whose role is to locally transmit a "danger" signal (such as a bacterial infection) to the innate immune system in order to trigger an appropriate host response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Vanotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Viviana T Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Debora Scaldaferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse - PRISM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orlandi VT, Bolognese F, Chiodaroli L, Tolker-Nielsen T, Barbieri P. Pigments influence the tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to photodynamically induced oxidative stress. Microbiology (Reading) 2015; 161:2298-309. [PMID: 26419906 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen known to be resistant to different classes of antibiotics and disinfectants. P. aeruginosa also displays a certain degree of tolerance to photodynamic therapy (PDT), an alternative antimicrobial approach exploiting a photo-oxidative stress induced by exogenous photosensitizers and visible light. To evaluate whether P. aeruginosa pigments can contribute to its relative tolerance to PDT, we analysed the response to this treatment of isogenic transposon mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with altered pigmentation. In general, in the presence of pigments a higher tolerance to PDT-induced photo-oxidative stress was observed. Hyperproduction of pyomelanin makes the cells much more tolerant to stress caused by either radicals or singlet oxygen generated by different photosensitizers upon photoactivation. Phenazines, pyocyanin and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, produced in different amounts depending on the cultural conditions, are able to counteract both types of PDT-elicited reactive oxygen species. Hyperproduction of pyoverdine, caused by a mutation in a quorum-sensing gene, rendered P. aeruginosa more tolerant to a photosensitizer that generates mainly singlet oxygen, although in this case the observed tolerance to photo-oxidative stress cannot be exclusively attributed to the presence of the pigment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana T Orlandi
- 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Chiodaroli
- 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- 2Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Barbieri
- 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aluigi A, Sotgiu G, Torreggiani A, Guerrini A, Orlandi VT, Corticelli F, Varchi G. Methylene Blue Doped Films of Wool Keratin with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:17416-17424. [PMID: 26196705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, keratin films doped with different amounts of methylene blue (MB) were developed in order to prepare new biodegradable and biocompatible materials for tissue engineering and wound healing, able to exert antimicrobial photodynamic activity upon irradiation with visible light. Preliminary results indicated that the swelling ratio, as well as the MB release, increases by increasing the pH. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen can be easily triggered and controlled by a fine-tuning of the irradiation time and MB concentration in the films. As concerns the photodynamic effects on keratin, the ROS attack does not induce any significant photodegradation on the protein, even if a slight photo-oxidation of sulfonated amino acids occurs. Finally, the film with the highest MB concentration (400 μg per gram of keratin) displays a significant photobactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a bacterial reduction that increases by increasing the irradiation time. In particular, the irradiation of KFMB400 film incubated with S. aureus at a concentration of 10(8) cfu mL(-1) determined the 99.9% killing rate and the killing effect increased proportionally with irradiation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Aluigi
- †Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- †Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Armida Torreggiani
- †Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- †Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana T Orlandi
- ‡Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Franco Corticelli
- §Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Varchi
- †Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Orlandi VT, Caruso E, Tettamanti G, Banfi S, Barbieri P. Photoinduced antibacterial activity of two dicationic 5,15-diarylporphyrins. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013; 127:123-32. [PMID: 24041850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment combines the use of photosensitizers (PSs) and visible light to kill bacterial cells. Cationic porphyrins are PSs largely used against bacteria and, among them, those featuring one positive charge on each of the 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl substituent (tetracationic) are the most used. The aim of this study was to synthesize two dicationic 5,15-di(N-alkyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrins, bearing methyl (PS 3) and benzyl (PS 4) N-alkylating groups, and to compare the efficiency in antibacterial photodynamic treatment, upon irradiation with a halogen-tungsten white lamp. The killing efficiency of the PS 4 was constantly found higher than that of the PS 3 against both pure and mixed cultures of laboratory model microorganisms as well as against wild wastewater microflora. The two PSs are comparable as regards singlet oxygen generation, but show a different repartition coefficient; the more lipophilic benzylated PS 4 shows a better interaction with the bacterial cells than the methylated one (PS 3). The data support the hypothesis that an efficient PS-cell binding is required to obtain significant effects. A correlation among cell binding, photoinactivation and PS lipophilicity is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana T Orlandi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orlandi VT, Caruso E, Banfi S, Barbieri P. Effect of Organic Matter on the In Vitro Photoeradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Means of a Cationic Tetraaryl-porphyrin†. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:557-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|