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Xia B, Shi XC, Xie BC, Zhu MQ, Chen Y, Chu XY, Cai GH, Liu M, Yang SZ, Mitchell GA, Pang WJ, Wu JW. Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000688. [PMID: 32218572 PMCID: PMC7141696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to multiple health problems, including diabetes, fatty liver, and even cancer. Here, we report that urolithin A (UA), a gut-microflora-derived metabolite of pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs), prevents diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice without causing adverse effects. UA treatment increases energy expenditure (EE) by enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, UA-mediated increased thermogenesis is caused by an elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in BAT and inguinal fat depots. This is also confirmed in UA-treated white and brown adipocytes. Consistent with this mechanism, UA loses its beneficial effects on activation of BAT, browning of white fat, body weight control, and glucose homeostasis when thyroid hormone (TH) production is blocked by its inhibitor, propylthiouracil (PTU). Conversely, administration of exogenous tetraiodothyronine (T4) to PTU-treated mice restores UA-induced activation of BAT and browning of white fat and its preventive role on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain. Together, these results suggest that UA is a potent antiobesity agent with potential for human clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Cai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo He Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Grant A. Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Jun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Pang WJ, Wei N, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Chen FF, Wu WJ, Zhao CZ, Sun SD, Yang GS. Obese and lean porcine difference of FoxO1 and its regulation through C/EBPβ and PI3K/GSK3β signaling pathway. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1968-79. [PMID: 24663213 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is an important transcription factor implicated in adipogenesis. In this study, we detected the breed differences in FoxO1 between Bamei pigs (an obese breed) and Large White pigs (a lean breed). Compared with Large White pigs, the BW of Bamei pigs was lower (P < 0.01), but back fat thickness, fat percent, and intramuscular fat content were greater (P < 0.01). The levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein were lower (P < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of Bamei pigs at 180 d, adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction extracted from SAT of Bamei pigs at 1 d compared with Large White pigs. Knockdown of FoxO1 increased triglyceride content (P < 0.01) and upregulated the levels of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) at 6 d after porcine preadipocytes were induced. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulation of FoxO1 through C/EBPβ during early porcine preadipocyte differentiation and the effect of insulin on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signal pathway by FoxO1 were examined. The results indicated that FoxO1 inhibited transcription activity of C/EBPβ, whereas C/EBPβ did not affect transcription activity of FoxO1. At 6 and 12 h of early differentiation, knockdown of FoxO1 triggered the transcription activity of C/EBPβ. In addition, FoxO1 protein interacted with C/EBPβ protein in porcine adipocytes at 12 h after induction. Under treatment with 100 nM insulin, knockdown or overexpression of FoxO1 mediated PI3K/GSK3β signaling via upregulating or downregulating the levels of GSK3β and its phosphorylation in adipocytes. Taken together, there is low, but detectable, expression of FoxO1 in SAT of obese pigs and FoxO1 inhibited adipogenesis through C/EBPβ and PI3K/GSK3β signaling pathway. These findings provide useful information to further the understanding of the function of FoxO1 in porcine adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Li Y, Lu RH, Luo GF, Pang WJ, Yang GS. Effects of different cryoprotectants on the viability and biological characteristics of porcine preadipocyte. Cryobiology 2006; 53:240-7. [PMID: 16930580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Effective techniques for the cryopreservation of porcine preadipocytes could increase the usefulness of these cells as a model in obesity studies. The objective of this study was to test the effects of the following cryoprotective agents (CPAs) on the cytotoxicity, post-thaw survival, proliferation and differentiation capacity of porcine preadipocytes: ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Me2SO+PVP, and no-CPA. In addition to the CPAs, the CPA medium contained 80% DMEM/F12 plus 10% FBS. Trypan blue exclusion tests showed that among the CPA treatments in this study, only EG was toxic to porcine preadipocytes. The highest survival rate (94.96%) and cell viability were obtained when preadipocytes were cryopreserved with 10% PVP. Morphologically, PVP cryopreserved preadipocytes resembled fibroblasts and most underwent attachment, proliferation, and growth arrest with subsequent accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets before becoming mature adipocytes. There were no significant differences in the GPDH activity between adipocytes in the PVP treatment and primary cells from days 3 to 10 of the culture. Analysis of RT-PCR confirmed that there was no significant difference of PPARgamma2 mRNA levels between the cells in the 10% PVP treatment and primary cells. In summary, porcine preadipocytes cryopreserved with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% PVP and 10% FBS have high survival rate and proliferation potential. Furthermore, the cryopreserved cells synthesize a range of markers that are consistent with this cell type. We conclude that 10% PVP is a suitable CPA for porcine preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Li M, Xu B, Xie C, Pang WJ. [Removal of a broken needle in the left pterygoid fossa: report of one case]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2000; 9:124-5. [PMID: 15014829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical Hospital. Kunming 650032, Yunnan province, China
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Xiao XH, Pang WJ, Pu QH. [Treatment of epulis with preservation of involved teeth]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1998; 7:241. [PMID: 15071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X H Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College. Kunming 650032, Yunna province, China
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