1
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Yang CF, Liao CC, Hsu HW, Liang JJ, Chang CS, Ko HY, Chang RH, Tang WC, Chang MH, Wang IH, Lin YL. Human ACE2 protein is a molecular switch controlling the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:87. [PMID: 37828601 PMCID: PMC10571257 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor mediating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. hACE2 expression is low in the lungs and is upregulated after SARS-CoV-2 infection. How such a hACE2-limited pulmonary environment supports efficient virus transmission and how dynamic hACE2 expression affects SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear. METHODS We generated stable cell lines with different expression levels of hACE2 to evaluate how the hACE2 expression level can affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission. RESULTS We demonstrated that the hACE2 expression level controls the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The hACE2-limited cells have an advantage for SARS-CoV-2 shedding, which leads to cell-free transmission. By contrast, enhanced hACE2 expression facilitates the SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission. Furthermore, this cell-to-cell transmission is likely facilitated by hACE2-containing vesicles, which accommodate numerous SARS-CoV-2 virions and transport them to neighboring cells through intercellular extensions. CONCLUSIONS This hACE2-mediated switch between cell-free and cell-to-cell transmission routes provides SARS-CoV-2 with advantages for either viral spread or evasion of humoral immunity, thereby contributing to the COVID-19 pandemic and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fu Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rue-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhang Q, Tang WC, Stancanelli E, Jung E, Syed Z, Pagadala V, Saidi L, Chen CZ, Gao P, Xu M, Pavlinov I, Li B, Huang W, Chen L, Liu J, Xie H, Zheng W, Ye Y. Heparan sulfate promotes ACE2 super-cluster assembly to enhance SARS-CoV-2-associated syncytium formation. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2693563. [PMID: 37034606 PMCID: PMC10081376 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2693563/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of syncytium formation, caused by spike-induced cell-cell fusion in severe COVID-19, is largely unclear. Here we combine chemical genetics with 4D confocal imaging to establish the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as a critical host factor exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to enhance spike’s fusogenic activity. HS binds spike to facilitate ACE2 clustering, generating synapse-like cell-cell contacts to promote fusion pore formation. ACE2 clustering, and thus, syncytium formation is significantly mitigated by chemical or genetic elimination of cell surface HS, while in a cell-free system consisting of purified HS, spike, and lipid-anchored ACE2, HS directly induces ACE2 clustering. Importantly, the interaction of HS with spike allosterically enables a conserved ACE2 linker in receptor clustering, which concentrates spike at the fusion site to overcome fusion-associated activity loss. This fusion-boosting mechanism can be effectively targeted by an investigational HS-binding drug, which reduces syncytium formation in vitro and viral infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food & Drug Administration
| | | | | | | | | | - Layla Saidi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | | | - Peng Gao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Bing Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | | | | | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US Food & Drug Administration
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3
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Laiman J, Hsu YJ, Loh J, Tang WC, Chuang MC, Liu HK, Yang WS, Chen BC, Chuang LM, Chang YC, Liu YW. GSK3α phosphorylates dynamin-2 to promote GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213725. [PMID: 36445308 PMCID: PMC9712776 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is critical for postprandial glucose uptake; however, whether the internalization of GLUT4 is also regulated by insulin signaling remains unclear. Here, we discover that the activity of dynamin-2 (Dyn2) in catalyzing GLUT4 endocytosis is negatively regulated by insulin signaling in muscle cells. Mechanistically, the fission activity of Dyn2 is inhibited by binding with the SH3 domain of Bin1. In the absence of insulin, GSK3α phosphorylates Dyn2 to relieve the inhibition of Bin1 and promotes endocytosis. Conversely, insulin signaling inactivates GSK3α and leads to attenuated GLUT4 internalization. Furthermore, the isoform-specific pharmacological inhibition of GSK3α significantly improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice. Together, we identify a new role of GSK3α in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by regulating Dyn2-mediated GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cells. These results highlight the isoform-specific function of GSK3α on membrane trafficking and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Laiman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julie Loh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- ResearchCenter for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan,Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- ResearchCenter for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Yi-Cheng Chang:
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence to Ya-Wen Liu:
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4
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Fang Q, Tang WC, Fokine A, Mahalingam M, Shao Q, Rossmann MG, Rao VB. Structures of a large prolate virus capsid in unexpanded and expanded states generate insights into the icosahedral virus assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203272119. [PMID: 36161892 PMCID: PMC9546572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203272119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many icosahedral viruses assemble proteinaceous precursors called proheads or procapsids. Proheads are metastable structures that undergo a profound structural transition known as expansion that transforms an immature unexpanded head into a mature genome-packaging head. Bacteriophage T4 is a model virus, well studied genetically and biochemically, but its structure determination has been challenging because of its large size and unusually prolate-shaped, ∼1,200-Å-long and ∼860-Å-wide capsid. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of T4 capsid in both of its major conformational states: unexpanded at a resolution of 5.1 Å and expanded at a resolution of 3.4 Å. These are among the largest structures deposited in Protein Data Bank to date and provide insights into virus assembly, head length determination, and shell expansion. First, the structures illustrate major domain movements and ∼70% additional gain in inner capsid volume, an essential transformation to contain the entire viral genome. Second, intricate intracapsomer interactions involving a unique insertion domain dramatically change, allowing the capsid subunits to rotate and twist while the capsomers remain fastened at quasi-threefold axes. Third, high-affinity binding sites emerge for a capsid decoration protein that clamps adjacent capsomers, imparting extraordinary structural stability. Fourth, subtle conformational changes at capsomers' periphery modulate intercapsomer angles between capsomer planes that control capsid length. Finally, conformational changes were observed at the symmetry-mismatched portal vertex, which might be involved in triggering head expansion. These analyses illustrate how small changes in local capsid subunit interactions lead to profound shifts in viral capsid morphology, stability, and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Andrei Fokine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Marthandan Mahalingam
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Qianqian Shao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Michael G. Rossmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Venigalla B. Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
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5
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Tang WC, Liu YT, Yeh CH, Lu CH, Tu CH, Lin YL, Lin YC, Hsu TL, Gao L, Chang SW, Chen P, Chen BC. Optogenetic manipulation of cell migration with high spatiotemporal resolution using lattice lightsheet microscopy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:879. [PMID: 36028551 PMCID: PMC9418249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lattice lightsheet microscopy (LLSM) featuring three-dimensional recording is improved to manipulate cellular behavior with subcellular resolution through optogenetic activation (optoLLSM). A position-controllable Bessel beam as a stimulation source is integrated into the LLSM to achieve spatiotemporal photoactivation by changing the spatial light modulator (SLM) patterns. Unlike the point-scanning in a confocal microscope, the lattice beams are capable of wide-field optical sectioning for optogenetic activation along the Bessel beam path.We show that the energy power required for optogenetic activations is lower than 1 nW (or 24 mWcm-2) for time-lapses of CRY2olig clustering proteins, and membrane ruffling can be induced at different locations within a cell with subcellular resolution through light-triggered recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Moreover, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fused with CRY2olig, we are able to demonstrate guided cell migration using optogenetic stimulation for up to 6 h, where 463 imaging volumes are collected, without noticeable cellular damages. Using a Bessel beam as a simulation source allows the use of lattice lightsheet microscopy for spatiotemporal control of photoactivation, illustrated by the control of cellular migration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yeh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Han Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hui Tu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Liang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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6
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Zhu J, Ananthaswamy N, Jain S, Batra H, Tang WC, Rao VB. CRISPR Engineering of Bacteriophage T4 to Design Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2410:209-228. [PMID: 34914049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the fore the urgent need for vaccine design and delivery platforms that can be rapidly deployed for manufacture and distribution. Though the mRNA and adenoviral vector platforms have been enormously successful to control SARS-CoV-2 viral infections, it is unclear if this could be replicated against more complex pathogens or the emerging variants. Recently, we described a "universal" platform that can incorporate multiple vaccine targets into the same nanoparticle scaffold by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A T4-COVID vaccine designed with this technology elicited broad immunogenicity and complete protection against virus challenge in a mouse model. Here, we describe the detailed methodology to generate recombinant bacteriophage T4 backbones using CRISPR that can also be broadly applicable to other bacteriophages that abundantly pervade the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Zhu
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neeti Ananthaswamy
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
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7
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Zhu J, Ananthaswamy N, Jain S, Batra H, Tang WC, Lewry DA, Richards ML, David SA, Kilgore PB, Sha J, Drelich A, Tseng CTK, Chopra AK, Rao VB. A universal bacteriophage T4 nanoparticle platform to design multiplex SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates by CRISPR engineering. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh1547. [PMID: 34516878 PMCID: PMC8442874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A “universal” platform that can rapidly generate multiplex vaccine candidates is critically needed to control pandemics. Using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a model, we have developed such a platform by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A pipeline of vaccine candidates was engineered by incorporating various viral components into appropriate compartments of phage nanoparticle structure. These include expressible spike genes in genome, spike and envelope epitopes as surface decorations, and nucleocapsid proteins in packaged core. Phage decorated with spike trimers was found to be the most potent vaccine candidate in animal models. Without any adjuvant, this vaccine stimulated robust immune responses, both T helper cell 1 (TH1) and TH2 immunoglobulin G subclasses, blocked virus-receptor interactions, neutralized viral infection, and conferred complete protection against viral challenge. This new nanovaccine design framework might allow the rapid deployment of effective adjuvant-free phage-based vaccines against any emerging pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Zhu
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Neeti Ananthaswamy
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul B. Kilgore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jian Sha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashok K. Chopra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Venigalla B. Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
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8
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Zhu J, Ananthaswamy N, Jain S, Batra H, Tang WC, Lewry DA, Richards ML, David SA, Kilgore PB, Sha J, Drelich A, Tseng CTK, Chopra AK, Rao VB. A Universal Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform to Design Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates by CRISPR Engineering. bioRxiv 2021:2021.01.19.427310. [PMID: 33501450 PMCID: PMC7836120 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.19.427310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A "universal" vaccine design platform that can rapidly generate multiplex vaccine candidates is critically needed to control future pandemics. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus as a model, we have developed such a platform by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A pipeline of vaccine candidates were engineered by incorporating various viral components into appropriate compartments of phage nanoparticle structure. These include: expressible spike genes in genome, spike and envelope epitopes as surface decorations, and nucleocapsid proteins in packaged core. Phage decorated with spike trimers is found to be the most potent vaccine candidate in mouse and rabbit models. Without any adjuvant, this vaccine stimulated robust immune responses, both T H 1 and T H 2 IgG subclasses, blocked virus-receptor interactions, neutralized viral infection, and conferred complete protection against viral challenge. This new type of nanovaccine design framework might allow rapid deployment of effective phage-based vaccines against any emerging pathogen in the future.
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9
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Chu LA, Chang SW, Tang WC, Tseng YT, Chen P, Chen BC. 5D superresolution imaging for a live cell nucleus. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 67:77-83. [PMID: 33383256 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With a spatial resolution breaking the diffraction limit of light, superresolution imaging allows the visualization of detailed structures of organelles such as mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus, and so on. With multi-dimensional imaging (x, y, z, t, λ), namely, multi-color 3D live imaging enables us fully understand the function of the cell. It is necessary to analyze structural changes or molecular interactions across a large volume in 3D with different labelled targets. To achieve this goal, scientists recently have expanded the original 2D superresolution microscopic tools into 3D imaging techniques. In this review, we will discuss recent development in superresolution microscopy for live imaging with minimal phototoxicity. We will focus our discussion on the cell nucleus where the genetic materials are stored and processed. Machine learning algorism will be introduced to improve the axial resolution of superresolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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10
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Fang Q, Tang WC, Tao P, Mahalingam M, Fokine A, Rossmann MG, Rao VB. Structural morphing in a symmetry-mismatched viral vertex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1713. [PMID: 32249784 PMCID: PMC7136217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large biological structures are assembled from smaller, often symmetric, sub-structures. However, asymmetry among sub-structures is fundamentally important for biological function. An extreme form of asymmetry, a 12-fold-symmetric dodecameric portal complex inserted into a 5-fold-symmetric capsid vertex, is found in numerous icosahedral viruses, including tailed bacteriophages, herpesviruses, and archaeal viruses. This vertex is critical for driving capsid assembly, DNA packaging, tail attachment, and genome ejection. Here, we report the near-atomic in situ structure of the symmetry-mismatched portal vertex from bacteriophage T4. Remarkably, the local structure of portal morphs to compensate for symmetry-mismatch, forming similar interactions in different capsid environments while maintaining strict symmetry in the rest of the structure. This creates a unique and unusually dynamic symmetry-mismatched vertex that is central to building an infectious virion. In icosahedral viruses, a symmetry-mismatched portal vertex is assembled by inserting a 12-fold-symmetric portal complex into a 5-fold-symmetric capsid environment. Here, the authors report a near-atomic-resolution in situ cryo-electron microscopy structure of this symmetrically mismatched viral vertex from bacteriophage T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Pan Tao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Marthandan Mahalingam
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Andrei Fokine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael G Rossmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA.
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11
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Tang WC, Wang Z, Donne SW, Forghani M, Liu Y. Influence of red mud on mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting concrete. J Hazard Mater 2019; 379:120802. [PMID: 31238214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Red mud is a hazardous waste material produced during alkaline leaching of bauxite in the Bayer process. This study proposed the use of red mud to replace fly ash in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and the influences of red mud on fresh and hardened properties, and durability performances of SCC were studied. The fresh concrete results show that red mud had a slight negative impact on the fresh properties of SCC. The hardened concrete results show that the mechanical strength of concrete increased with increasing of red mud content. The half-cell potential test results indicated that red mud had a significant effect on restraining the corrosion process in SCC. Compared to the control sample, the red mud samples suffered less corrosion. Cracks associated with corrosion of reinforcement were observed in RMC0 and RMC100 samples after 28 day accelerated corrosion test. The ICP-MS results showed that there's no significant difference in metal elements among the solutions regardless the red mud content in concrete.The relative corrosion rate test results suggested that red mud can suppress the corrosion current. The SCC samples consisting 75% red mud performed the best resistance to corrosion according to the results of half-cell potentials and mass loss of rebar.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Tang
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Z Wang
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - S W Donne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - M Forghani
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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12
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Lu CH, Tang WC, Liu YT, Chang SW, Wu FCM, Chen CY, Tsai YC, Yang SM, Kuo CW, Okada Y, Hwu YK, Chen P, Chen BC. Lightsheet localization microscopy enables fast, large-scale, and three-dimensional super-resolution imaging. Commun Biol 2019; 2:177. [PMID: 31098410 PMCID: PMC6509110 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in super-resolution microscopy allow the localization of single molecules within individual cells but not within multiple whole cells due to weak signals from single molecules and slow acquisition process for point accumulation to reconstruct super-resolution images. Here, we report a fast, large-scale, and three-dimensional super-resolution fluorescence microscope based on single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet to selectively illuminate spontaneous blinking fluorophores tagged to the proteins of interest in space. Critical parameters such as labeling density, excitation power, and exposure time were systematically optimized resulting in a maximum imaging speed of 2.7 × 104 µm3 s-1. Fourier ring correlation analysis revealed a reconstructed image with a lateral resolution of ~75 nm through the accumulation of 250 image volumes on immobilized samples within 15 min. Hence, the designed system could open new insights into the discovery of complex biological structures and live 3D localization imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Han Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Yi Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan
- Department of Physics, Universal Biology Institute and International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yeu-Kuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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13
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Tsai YC, Tang WC, Low CSL, Liu YT, Wu JS, Lee PY, Chen LQ, Lin YL, Kanchanawong P, Gao L, Chen BC. Rapid high resolution 3D imaging of expanded biological specimens with lattice light sheet microscopy. Methods 2019; 174:11-19. [PMID: 30978505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy was invented to surpass the optical diffraction limit by physically expanding biological specimens with swellable polymers. Due to the large sizes of expanded specimens, 3D imaging techniques that are capable to acquire large volumetric data rapidly at high spatial resolution are therefore required for expansion microscopy. Lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) was developed to image biological specimens rapidly at high 3D spatial resolution by using a thin lattice light sheet for sample illumination. However, due to the current limitations of LLSM mechanism and the optical design of LLS microscopes, it is challenging to image large expanded specimens at isotropic high spatial resolution using LLSM. To address the problem, we first optimized the sample preparation and expansion procedure for LLSM. Then, we implement a tiling lattice light sheet method to minimize sample translation during imaging and achieve much faster 3D imaging speed at high spatial resolution with more isotropic performance. Taken together, we report a general and improved 3D super-resolution imaging method for expanded samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Sian Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Gao L, Tang WC, Tsai YC, Chen BC. Lattice light sheet microscopy using tiling lattice light sheets. Opt Express 2019; 27:1497-1506. [PMID: 30696214 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel method used to implement tiling lattice light sheets (LLS) in lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) on regular LLS microscopes without changing the LLS microscope hardware. A LLS is tiled by applying binary phase maps acquired from off-center cross-sections of the corresponding optical lattice to the binary SLM used in LLS microscopes, by which a thin LLS can be tiled to image large specimens while maintaining the 3D imaging ability in the entire field of view. We investigate the method via numerical simulations and experiments, and demonstrate the method by imaging fluorescent particles embedded in agarose gel and expanded cells in the dithered mode of LLSM.
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15
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Yang WT, Li YC, Lin CM, Tang WC, Chen BC, Suzuki E, Hsu JC. Adherens junction-associated pores mediate the intercellular transport of endosomes and cytoplasmic proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:664-670. [PMID: 30286955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular endosomes (IEs) are endocytosed vesicles shuttled through the adherens junctions (AJs) between two neighboring epidermal cells during Drosophila dorsal closure. The cell-to-cell transport of IEs requires DE-cadherin (DE-cad), microtubules (MTs) and kinesin. However, the mechanisms by which IEs can be transported through the AJs are unknown. Here, we demonstrate the presence of AJ-associated pores with MTs traversing through the pores. Live imaging allows direct visualization of IEs being transported through the AJ-associated pores. By using an optogenetic dimerization system, we observe that the dimerized IE-kinesin complexes move across AJs into the neighboring cell. The AJ-associated pores also allow intercellular movement of soluble proteins. Importantly, most epidermal cells form dorsoventral-oriented two-cell syncytia. Together, we present a model in which an AJ-associated pore mediates the intercellular transport of IEs and proteins between two cells in direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ming Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Emiko Suzuki
- Gene Network Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan
| | - Jui-Chou Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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16
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Lin S, Alam TI, Kottadiel VI, VanGessel CJ, Tang WC, Chemla YR, Rao VB. Altering the speed of a DNA packaging motor from bacteriophage T4. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11437-11448. [PMID: 28981683 PMCID: PMC5737356 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The speed at which a molecular motor operates is critically important for the survival of a virus or an organism but very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Tailed bacteriophage T4 employs one of the fastest and most powerful packaging motors, a pentamer of gp17 that translocates DNA at a rate of up to ∼2000-bp/s. We hypothesize, guided by structural and genetic analyses, that a unique hydrophobic environment in the catalytic space of gp17-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) determines the rate at which the 'lytic water' molecule is activated and OH- nucleophile is generated, in turn determining the speed of the motor. We tested this hypothesis by identifying two hydrophobic amino acids, M195 and F259, in the catalytic space of gp17-ATPase that are in a position to modulate motor speed. Combinatorial mutagenesis demonstrated that hydrophobic substitutions were tolerated but polar or charged substitutions resulted in null or cold-sensitive/small-plaque phenotypes. Quantitative biochemical and single-molecule analyses showed that the mutant motors exhibited 1.8- to 2.5-fold lower rate of ATP hydrolysis, 2.5- to 4.5-fold lower DNA packaging velocity, and required an activator protein, gp16 for rapid firing of ATPases. These studies uncover a speed control mechanism that might allow selection of motors with optimal performance for organisms' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Lin
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Tanfis I Alam
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Vishal I Kottadiel
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Carl J VanGessel
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Yann R Chemla
- Department of Physics, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
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17
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Abstract
Bacteriophages likely constitute the largest biomass on Earth. However, very few phage genomes have been well-characterized, the tailed phage T4 genome being one of them. Even in T4, much of the genome remained uncharacterized. The classical genetic strategies are tedious, compounded by genome modifications such as cytosine hydroxylmethylation and glucosylation which makes T4 DNA resistant to most restriction endonucleases. Here, using the type-II CRISPR-Cas9 system, we report the editing of both modified (ghm-Cytosine) and unmodified (Cytosine) T4 genomes. The modified genome, however, is less susceptible to Cas9 nuclease attack when compared to the unmodified genome. The efficiency of restriction of modified phage infection varied greatly in a spacer-dependent manner, which explains some of the previous contradictory results. We developed a genome editing strategy by codelivering into E. coli a CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid and a donor plasmid containing the desired mutation(s). Single and multiple point mutations, insertions and deletions were introduced into both modified and unmodified genomes. As short as 50-bp homologous flanking arms were sufficient to generate recombinants that can be selected under the pressure of CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease. A 294-bp deletion in RNA ligase gene rnlB produced viable plaques, demonstrating the usefulness of this editing strategy to determine the essentiality of a given gene. These results provide the first demonstration of phage T4 genome editing that might be extended to other phage genomes in nature to create useful recombinants for phage therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
| | - Jingen Zhu
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
| | - Venigalla Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
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18
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Lin RJ, Chu JS, Chien HL, Tseng CH, Ko PC, Mei YY, Tang WC, Kao YT, Cheng HY, Liang YC, Lin SY. MCPIP1 suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and negatively regulates virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses. J Immunol 2014; 193:4159-68. [PMID: 25225661 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human MCP-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, also known as ZC3H12A and Regnase-1) plays important roles in negatively regulating the cellular inflammatory response. Recently, we found that as an RNase, MCPIP1 has broad-spectrum antiviral effects by targeting viral RNA. In this study, we demonstrated that MCPIP1 expression was induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Huh7.5 hepatoma cells. MCPIP1 expression was higher in liver tissue from patients with chronic HCV infection compared with those without chronic HCV infection. Knockdown of MCPIP1 increased HCV replication and HCV-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. However, overexpression of MCPIP1 significantly inhibited HCV replication and HCV-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Various mutants of functional domains of MCPIP1 showed disruption of the RNA binding and oligomerization abilities, as well as RNase activity, but not deubiquitinase activity, which impaired the inhibitory activity against HCV replication. On immunocytochemistry, MCPIP1 colocalized with HCV RNA. Use of a replication-defective HCV John Cunningham 1/AAG mutant and in vitro RNA cleavage assay demonstrated that MCPIP1 could directly degrade HCV RNA. MCPIP1 may suppress HCV replication and HCV-mediated proinflammatory responses with infection, which might contribute to the regulation of host defense against the infection and virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jye Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ling Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chen Ko
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Mei
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; and
| | - Yu-Ting Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; and
| | - Hui-Ying Cheng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
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19
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Cheng WC, Chung IF, Chen CY, Sun HJ, Fen JJ, Tang WC, Chang TY, Wong TT, Wang HW. DriverDB: an exome sequencing database for cancer driver gene identification. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:D1048-54. [PMID: 24214964 PMCID: PMC3965046 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing (exome-seq) has aided in the discovery of a huge amount of mutations in cancers, yet challenges remain in converting oncogenomics data into information that is interpretable and accessible for clinical care. We constructed DriverDB (http://ngs.ym.edu.tw/driverdb/), a database which incorporates 6079 cases of exome-seq data, annotation databases (such as dbSNP, 1000 Genome and Cosmic) and published bioinformatics algorithms dedicated to driver gene/mutation identification. We provide two points of view, ‘Cancer’ and ‘Gene’, to help researchers to visualize the relationships between cancers and driver genes/mutations. The ‘Cancer’ section summarizes the calculated results of driver genes by eight computational methods for a specific cancer type/dataset and provides three levels of biological interpretation for realization of the relationships between driver genes. The ‘Gene’ section is designed to visualize the mutation information of a driver gene in five different aspects. Moreover, a ‘Meta-Analysis’ function is provided so researchers may identify driver genes in customer-defined samples. The novel driver genes/mutations identified hold potential for both basic research and biotech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Cheng
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan, VGH-YM Genomic Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Information Technology Office, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan and Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
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20
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Lin RJ, Chien HL, Lin SY, Chang BL, Yu HP, Tang WC, Lin YL. MCPIP1 ribonuclease exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral effects through viral RNA binding and degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:3314-26. [PMID: 23355615 PMCID: PMC3597685 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), belonging to the MCPIP family with highly conserved CCCH-type zinc finger and Nedd4-BP1, YacP Nuclease domains, has been implicated in negative regulation of the cellular inflammatory responses. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that this RNA-binding nuclease also targets viral RNA and possesses potent antiviral activities. Overexpression of the human MCPIP1, but not MCPIP2, MCPIP3 or MCPIP4, inhibited Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DEN) replication. The functional analysis of MCPIP1 revealed that the activities of RNase, RNA binding and oligomerization, but not deubiqutinase, are required for its antiviral potential. Furthermore, infection of other positive-sense RNA viruses, such as sindbis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus, and negative-sense RNA virus, such as influenza virus, as well as DNA virus, such as adenovirus, can also be blocked by MCPIP1. Moreover, the endogenous MCPIP1 gene expression was induced by JEV and DEN infection, and knockdown of MCPIP1 expression enhanced the replication of JEV and DEN in human cells. Thus, MCPIP1 can act as a host innate defense via RNase activity for targeting and degrading viral RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jye Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ling Chien
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Lan Chang
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pang Yu
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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21
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Lin RJ, Yu HP, Chang BL, Tang WC, Liao CL, Lin YL. Distinct antiviral roles for human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family members against dengue virus infection. J Immunol 2010; 183:8035-43. [PMID: 19923450 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and its downstream effector RNase L play important roles in host defense against virus infection. Oas1b, one of the eight Oas1 genes in the mouse genome, has been identified as a murine flavivirus-resistance gene. Four genes, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OAS-like (OASL), have been identified in the human OAS gene family, and 10 isoforms, including OAS1 (p42, p44, p46, p48, and p52), OAS2 (p69 and p71), OAS3 (p100), and OASL (p30 and p59) can be generated by alternative splicing. In this study, we determined the role of the human OAS/RNase L pathway in host defense against dengue virus (DEN) infection and assessed the antiviral potential of each isoform in the human OAS family. DEN replication was reduced by overexpression and enhanced by knockdown of RNase L expression, indicating a protective role for RNase L against DEN replication in human cells. The human OAS1 p42, OAS1 p46, and OAS3 p100, but not the other OAS isoforms, blocked DEN replication via an RNase L-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, the anti-DEN activities of these three OAS isoforms correlated with their ability to trigger RNase L activation in DEN-infected cells. Thus, OAS1 p42/p46 and OAS3 p100 are likely to contribute to host defense against DEN infection and play a role in determining the outcomes of DEN disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jye Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Wu J, Feng W, Tang WC, Zeng FG. A microsystem with varying-length electrode arrays for auditory nerve prostheses. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2006:3166-9. [PMID: 17946161 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the design, fabrication and simulation of a novel array of micromachined electrodes with different lengths for use in auditory nerve prostheses. A 10 x 10 array is created in a 1 mm2 on silicon with bulk micromachining technology. The electrode lengths vary from 200 microm to 400 microm. This design could provide access to most fascicles within the auditory nerve and thus allow stimulation of a broad tonotopic range within the nerve fiber. A multichannel ultra-low power circuit is also designed, fabricated, and tested for neural signal recording. The chip is fabricated in 0.5 microm AMI CMOS technology with a die size of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. The total power consumption is less than 100 microW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., California Univ., Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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23
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Tsai SH, Liu YW, Tang WC, Zhou ZW, Hwang CY, Hwang GY, Ou BR, Hu CP, Yang VC, Chen JK. Characterization of porcine arterial endothelial cells cultured on amniotic membrane, a potential matrix for vascular tissue engineering. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:984-90. [PMID: 17459341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The existing of basement membrane improves the development of endothelium while constructing blood vessel equivalent. The amniotic membrane (AM) provides a natural basement membrane and has been used in ocular surface reconstruction. This study evaluated the molecular and cellular characteristics of porcine vascular endothelial cells (ECs) cultured on AM. ECs cultured on AM expressed the endothelial marker vWF and exhibited normal endothelial morphology. Here, we demonstrated that AM enhanced the expression of intercellular molecules, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and adhesion molecule VE-cadherin at the intercellular junctions. The expression level of integrin was markedly higher in ECs cultured on AM than on plastic dish. Furthermore, the AM downregulated the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin in both LPS-activated and non-activated ECs. Consistently, adhesion of leukocytes to both activated and non-activated cells was decreased in ECs cultured on AM. Our results suggest that AM is an ideal matrix to develop a functional endothelium in blood vessel equivalent construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Barthelmes HU, Niederberger E, Roth T, Schulte K, Tang WC, Boege F, Fiebig HH, Eisenbrand G, Marko D. Lycobetaine acts as a selective topoisomerase II beta poison and inhibits the growth of human tumour cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1585-91. [PMID: 11720449 PMCID: PMC2363954 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenanthridine alkaloid lycobetaine is a minor constituent of Amaryllidaceae. Inhibition of cell growth was studied in the clonogenic assay on 21 human tumour xenografts (mean IC(50) = 0.8 microM). The growth of human leukaemia cell lines was also potently inhibited (mean IC(50) = 1.3 microM). Athymic nude mice, carrying s.c. implanted human gastric tumour xenograft GXF251, were treated i.p. with lycobetaine for 4 weeks, resulting in a marked tumour growth delay. Lycobetaine was found to act as a specific topoisomerase II beta poison. In the presence of calf thymus DNA, pure recombinant human topoisomerase II beta protein was selectively depleted from SDS-gels, whereas no depletion of topoisomerase II alpha protein was observed. In A431 cells immunoband-depletion of topoisomerase II beta was induced, suggesting stabilization of the covalent catalytic DNA-intermediate in living cells. It is reasonable to assume that this mechanism will cause or at least contribute significantly to the antitumour activity.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Comet Assay
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/immunology
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Indolizines
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Barthelmes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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25
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Tang WC. [The development of a double point sensor for the pulse]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:16-19. [PMID: 12583106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article has introduced the research and design on a double point sensor for the comprehensive pulse. The difference of this sensor from the single point sensor is that it is able to obtain a mechanics parameter from the pulse signals of the traditional Chinese medicine. This would be a great help for the more detailed quantitative analysis of the pulse signals of the traditional Chinese medicine. It has also explored the contribution of the double point sensor to the clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Tang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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26
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Abstract
A bacterium obtained by enrichment on nonsorbed phenanthrene was unable to degrade phenanthrene sorbed to polyacrylic beads and had little activity on phenanthrene sorbed to lake-bottom sediment. A bacterium obtained by enrichment on phenanthrene sorbed to polyacrylic beads readily mineralized the compound sorbed to the beads or the sediment. Degradation by the second bacterium of phenanthrene sorbed to beads 38-63 microns or 63-150 microns in diameter was more rapid than the rate of desorption of the hydrocarbon in the absence of the bacterium. Little degradation of sorbed, nonleachable phenanthrene in soil was effected by another isolate obtained by enrichment with the nonsorbed hydrocarbon, but a mixed culture and the bacterium obtained by enrichment on the sorbed compound extensively degraded phenanthrene. Because microorganisms specifically obtained for their capacity to degrade sorbed phenanthrene are more active than species not specialized for use of the bound compound, we suggest that microorganisms enriched on nonsorbed compounds may not be appropriate for evaluation of biodegradation and bioremediation of sorbed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Tang
- Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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27
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Tang WC, Weil MH, Gazmuri RJ, Bisera J, Rackow EC. Reversible impairment of myocardial contractility due to hypercarbic acidosis in the isolated perfused rat heart. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:218-24. [PMID: 1899209 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199102000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Striking increases in PCO2 of the myocardium have recently been documented during cardiac arrest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate selective effects of hypercarbia as distinct from acidosis on left ventricular contractile function and oxygen utilization. An isolated, spontaneously beating rat heart preparation was utilized. The perfusate was equilibrated with gases containing 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% CO2. In a subset of experiments, the [H+] was adjusted independently of PCO2 by decreasing the concentration of HCO3-. RESULTS When the PCO2 of the perfusate was progressively increased from 36 to 146 torr (4.8 to 29.5 kPa), the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) generated by the isolated heart and the maximum rate of pressure change in the left ventricle (dP/dt) were decreased to 20% of their control values. However, comparable acidosis in the absence of hypercarbia produced only minimal decreases in the LVSP or dP/dt such that contractility remained at greater than or equal to 88%. Increases in the perfusate PCO2 but not in the perfusate H+ were highly correlated with decreases in both myocardial contractility and oxygen consumption (r2 = .88). CONCLUSION Hypercarbia rather than acidosis accounts for decreased contractility and oxygen utilization in the isolated perfused rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064
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Brix HP, Berger MR, Schneider MR, Tang WC, Eisenbrand G. Androgen-linked alkylating agents: biological activity in methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1990; 116:538-49. [PMID: 2254372 DOI: 10.1007/bf01637072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article gives a comprehensive survey on the anticancer activity of nitrosoureas linked to steroidal androgens in methylnitrosourea (MMU)-induced rat mammary carcinoma. cis-Androsterone, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone were used as carrier hormones and were linked to various cytotoxic N-[N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl] (CNC)-aminoacids and to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosourea hemisuccinate (HECNU-hemisuccinate). In the MNU-model used esters of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) invariably were more active and less toxic than those of testosterone, nortestosterone and cis-androsterone. Within the DHT esters of CNC-aminoacids those of CNC-glycine, CNC-methionine and CNC-alanine showed the highest antineoplastic activities and superiority compared with equimolar dosages of their unlinked mixtures. Additionally, CNC-alanine-DHT ester had the highest therapeutic ratio of all agents investigated. HECNU-hemisuccinate-DHT ester, on the other hand, achieved even higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose but had a narrower therapeutic ratio. No obvious correlation between antineoplastic efficacy and receptor binding affinity could be demonstrated, but, to be active, a conjugate apparently had to have some receptor binding affinity for both androgen and progesterone receptors. The results obtained indicate that linking antineoplastic agents to transport molecules with affinity to steroid receptors is a highly promising approach to obtain drugs with specific activity in steroid receptor containing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Brix
- Institute of Toxicology and Chemotherapy, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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Gazmuri RJ, Weil MH, Tang WC, Bisera J, Rackow EC. Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Circulation 1990; 81:1158-9. [PMID: 2306825 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.81.3.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Madhukar A, Lao PD, Tang WC, Aidan M, Voillot F. Observation of phonon modes through resonant mixing with electronic states in the secondary-emission spectra of a GaAs/Al0.32Ga0.68As single quantum well. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:1313-1316. [PMID: 10035200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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31
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Ogale SB, Madhukar A, Voillot F, Thomsen M, Tang WC, Lee TC, Kim JY, Chen P. Atomistic nature of heterointerfaces in III-V semiconductor-based quantum-well structures and its consequences for photoluminescence behavior. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:1662-1672. [PMID: 9942998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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32
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Tang WC, Schmid J, Fiebig HH, Eisenbrand G. [Sulfur-containing nitrosoureas]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1986; 21:502-9. [PMID: 3811939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Tang WC, Schmid J, Fiebig HH, Eisenbrand G. Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of CNC-cysteamine and related compounds. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1986; 111:25-30. [PMID: 3949847 DOI: 10.1007/bf00402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N'-[N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-nitroso]carbamoyl cysteamine (CNC-cysteamine) and several related compounds have been synthesized and tested against L 1210 leukemia in mice. Reaction of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl azide (CNC-azide) with cysteamine yielded CNC-cysteamine and bis(CNC)cystamine. Reaction of CNC-azide with cystamine in the presence of triethylamine gave bis(CNC)cystamine. Unexpectedly, formation of CNC-cystamine carboxylazide as a minor reaction product was also observed. N-(2-Chloroethyl)carbamoyl cysteamine 2-chloroethylcarbamate was formed when 2-chloroethyl isocyanate was reacted with cysteamine. Nitrosation of this cysteamine N,S-dicarbamoyl derivative led to formation of a mixture of two dinitroso isomers. Preliminary testing of the newly synthesized CNC-derivatives against L 1210 leukemia in mice revealed that CNC-cysteamine, its disulfide bis(CNC)cystamine and CNC-cystamine carboxylazide were highly active against L 1210 leukemia.
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Hu B, Zhong DF, Huang R, Li MJ, Li SZ, Song XY, Tang WC, Zhang CZ, Song YL, Fang LF. [Studies on synthesis and chemical structure-radioprotective activity correlation of thiazolidines]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 7:6-14. [PMID: 3158420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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35
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Tang WC, Lin PZ, Frank N, Wiessler M. Metabolism of, and DNA methylation by, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in chicken. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1984; 108:221-6. [PMID: 6470028 DOI: 10.1007/bf00402470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of 14C-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) was studied in chicken. Following a single IV dose of 2 mg/kg, 14C-NMBA was cleared from the blood with a half-life of 3.8 min. At 10 min after administration 14C-NMBA was totally metabolized in the liver, whereas in the esophagus no measurable metabolic degradation had taken place. Maximum exhalation of radioactive CO2 occurred 1 h after IV administration of NMBA, and 11% of the total radioactivity had been exhaled as CO2 by 8 h. These results are compared with data on the metabolism of NMBA in the rat. The analysis of methylated bases in the DNA of different organs of chicken revealed that 7-me guanine was formed in all organs. The highest amount of 0(6)-me guanine was found in liver DNA, followed by kidney DNA. O6-me guanine was not detectable in any other organ. The O6-/7-me guanine ratio in DNA was calculated to be 0.05 and 0.02 for liver and 0.01 for kidneys.
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36
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Tang WC. [Antineoplastic nitrosoureas]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1982; 17:472-9. [PMID: 7148473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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